{"pageNumber":"1626","pageRowStart":"40625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40769,"records":[{"id":70011073,"text":"70011073 - 1953 - Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils: Confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011073","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils: Confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Almond, H., 1953, Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils: Confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus: Analytical Chemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 1766-1767.","startPage":"1766","endPage":"1767","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fc6e4b0c8380cd539f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almond, H.","contributorId":47911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almond","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52055,"text":"ofr49117 - 1949 - Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley","indexId":"ofr49117","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","indexId":"pp257A","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T15:28:33.251107","indexId":"pp257A","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"257","chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Bonneville was a vast Pleistocene lake that covered 20,000 square miles in northwestern Utah and had a maximum depth of about 1,000 feet. It was a body of water comparable in size to modern Lake Michigan.</p><p>Surveys of the unconsolidated deposits in the Lake Bonneville basin utilize the same methods used in studies of hard rocks, namely: separation of the deposits into mappable units and contacts between formations; observations of lateral and vertical changes in lithology; and plotting of these data on the map.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp257A","usgsCitation":"Hunt, C.B., Varnes, H., and Thomas, H.E., 1953, Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 257, Report: v, 99 p.; 4 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp257A.","productDescription":"Report: v, 99 p.; 4 Plates","numberOfPages":"109","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409532,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409531,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409530,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409529,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0257a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Northern Utah Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, C. B.","contributorId":42573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varnes, H.D.","contributorId":38631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189740,"text":"70189740 - 1953 - The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-22T13:01:12","indexId":"70189740","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5468,"text":"Research Council of Israel Special Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions","docAbstract":"<p>The study of modern surface soils, and ancient weathering zones, which occur either buried or as surface relicts, has contributed materially to understanding the complex events of the glacial and post-glacial period both in glaciated areas and in regions not influenced by glaciation. Most work of this kind in the United States has been done by geologists.</p><p>Numerous Pleistocene geologists have noted weathered zones between sheets of glacial drift or loess in the middle western United States. These include Condra, et al<sup>5</sup>; Frye<sup>7</sup>; Frye and Leonard<sup>8</sup>; Kay and Pearce<sup>13</sup>; Leighton and MacClintock<sup>15</sup>; Leverett<sup>16</sup>,<sup>17</sup>,<sup>18</sup>; Lugn<sup>19</sup>; Peltier<sup>23</sup>; Schultz and Stout<sup>26</sup>; Schultz, et al<sup>27</sup>; and Simonson<sup>28</sup>. Kay and Pearce<sup>13</sup> interpreted the weathered zones between sheets of glacial drift as profiles of ancient soils which they referred to as gumbotil. Hseung, Marshall and Krusekopf<sup>10</sup> have recently questioned the pedogenic character of gumbotil, but have failed to offer a satisfactory alternative explanation. Thorp, and coworkers<sup>30</sup>, in a general review of buried soils, apparently consider gumbotil a product of ancient soil-forming processes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desert research: Proceedings (Research Council of Israel Special Publication No. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Desert Research","conferenceDate":"May 7-14, 1952","conferenceLocation":"Jerusalem, Israel","language":"English","publisher":"Research Council of Israel","publisherLocation":"Jerusalem, Israel","usgsCitation":"Miller, J., and Leopold, L.B., 1953, The use of soils and paleosols for interpreting geomorphic and climatic history of arid regions, <i>in</i> Desert research: Proceedings (Research Council of Israel Special Publication No. 2), Jerusalem, Israel, May 7-14, 1952, p. 453-462.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"462","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59746421e4b0ec1a48878495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, John","contributorId":190242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045409,"text":"70045409 - 1953 - Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:30:15","indexId":"70045409","displayToPublicDate":"1953-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This set of maps has been prepared to show the kinds of information, useful to engineers, that can be derived from ordinary geologic maps. A few additional bits of information, drawn from other sources, are mentioned below. Some of the uses of such maps are well known; they are indispensable tools in the modern search for oil or ore deposits; they are the first essential step in unraveling the story of the earth we live on. Less well known, perhaps, is the fact that topographic and geologic maps contain many of the basic data needed for planning any engineering construction job, big or little. Any structure built by man must fit into the topographic and geologic environment shown on such maps. Moreover, most if not all construction jobs must be based on knowledge of the soils and waters, which also are intimately related to this same environment. The topographic map shows the shape of the land the hills and valleys, the streams and swamps, the man-made features such as roads, railroads, and towns. The geologic map shows the kinds and shapes of the rock bodies that form the land surface and that lie beneath it. These are the facts around which the engineer must build.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70045409","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Interpreting geologic maps for engineering purposes: Hollidaysburg quadrangle, Pennsylvania, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045409.","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":262,"text":"Engineering Geology BranchGround Water Branch","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045409/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045409/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.500000,40.250000 ], [ -78.500000,40.500000 ], [ -78.250000,40.500000 ], [ -78.250000,40.250000 ], [ -78.500000,40.250000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216be4b0411d430a8a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159078,"text":"tei161 - 1952 - Present and past ground-water conditions in the Morrison Formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T12:59:28","indexId":"tei161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-02T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"161","title":"Present and past ground-water conditions in the Morrison Formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Field and laboratory studies of ground-water conditions in the carnotite-bearing Morrison formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah were undertaken to determine possible relations between ground waters and the carnotite deposits.</p>\n<p>The ore-bearing sandstone consists of lenticular sandstone strata, interbedded within discontinuous layers of mudstone; these strata were deposited in a stream environment. The porosity and permeability of the ore-bearing sandstone in one area are relatively low, porosity averaging about 15 percent and permeability ranging between 30 and 3300 millidarcys. Permeability studies in this same area show that sandstone classed as favorable for ore is slightly more permeable than and has nearly twice the transmissibility of sandstone classed as semifavorable; outcrop studies also suggest a lower transmissibility for sandstone that is unfavorable.</p>\n<p>Samples of water from the ore-bearing and associated strata show considerable variation in chemical charter. These water samples are generally low in uranium, vanadium, copper, and lead, most samples containing less than 1 part per million (ppm) of each metal.</p>\n<p>General geologic relations suggest that ground-water movement probably was active through the ore-bearing strata during their deposition and shortly afterward. Movement during this time probably occurred largely through the more permeable sand strata and in the general direction of initial dip and stream flow. During Cretaceous time, when several thousand feet of marine sediments accumulated over the Morrison, the water contained in the ore-bearing strata probably was immobile or nearly so and was protected from escape or contamination. Following Tertiary deformation and erosion, active ground-water circulation no doubt was restored, but because of the low permeability and the lenticular character and therefore low transmissibility of the ore-bearing sandstone, ground-water movement probably was slow. Faulting probably also influenced the direction and rate of ground-water movement during Tertiary time.</p>\n<p>Movement and localization of ground water would permit the concentration of metal-bearing solutions during Salt Wash and early Brushy Basin time in the beds that now contain ore deposits. It is more difficult to explain the formation of these deposits, which have a wide geographic distribution at a restricted stratigraphic position, from solutions circulating through the rocks at a later date.</p>\n<p>Whatever mode of origin is used to explain the deposits, geologists almost without exception, agree that the metals were transported by solutions that have migrated through the sediments for considerable distances. For this reason, a study of the horizontal and vertical transmissibility characteristics of all exposed sedimentary formations on the Colorado Plateau is planned.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tei161","usgsCitation":"Phoenix, D.A., 1952, Present and past ground-water conditions in the Morrison Formation in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 161, Report: 42 p.; 6 Plates: 31 x 21 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei161.","productDescription":"Report: 42 p.; 6 Plates: 31 x 21 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":309904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309910,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"5.61 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 4"},{"id":309909,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"1.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":309911,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"5.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 5"},{"id":309912,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"2.81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 6"},{"id":309902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":309908,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":309907,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/161/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"4.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Mesa County, Montrose County, San Miguel County","otherGeospatial":"Calamity Mesa, Atkinson Mesa, Slick Rock area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.5941162109375,\n              37.735969208590504\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5941162109375,\n              39.08530414503412\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2373046875,\n              39.08530414503412\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.2373046875,\n              37.735969208590504\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5941162109375,\n              37.735969208590504\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce93e4b06217fc478b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phoenix, D. A.","contributorId":92665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16326,"text":"ofr52160 - 1952 - Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr52160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-160","title":"Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Alaska-Juneau lode system for many years was one of the world\u0019s leading gold-producing areas. Total production from the years 1893 to 1946 has amounted to about 94 million dollars, with principal values in contained gold but with some silver and lead values. The principal mine is the Alaska-Juneau mine, from which the lode system takes its name.\r\n\r\nThe lode system is a part of a larger gold-bearing belt, generally referred to as the Juneau gold belt, along the western border of the Coast Range batholith.\r\n\r\nThe rocks of the Alaska-Juneau lode system consist of a monoclinal sequence of steeply northeasterly dipping volcanic, state, and schist rocks, all of which have been metamorphosed by dynamic and thermal processes attendant with the intrusion of the Coast Range batholith. The rocks form a series of belts that trend northwest parallel to the Coast Range. In addition to the Coast Range batholith lying a mile to the east of the lode system, there are numerous smaller intrusives, all of which are sill-like in form and are thus conformable to the regional structure.\r\n\r\nThe bedded rocks are Mesozoic in age; the Coast Range batholith is Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous in age. Some of the smaller intrusives pre-date the batholith, others post-date it. All of the rocks are cut by steeply dipping faults.\r\n\r\nThe Alaska-Juneau lode system is confined exclusively to the footwall portion of the Perseverance slate band. The slate band is composed of black slate and black phyllite with lesser amounts of thin-bedded quartzite. Intrusive into the slate band are many sill-like bodies of rocks generally referred to as meta-gabbro.\r\n\r\nThe gold deposits of the lode system are found both within the slate rocks and the meta-gabbro rocks, and particularly in those places where meta-gabbro bodies interfinger with slate. Thus the ore bodies are found in and near the terminations of meta-gabbro bodies.\r\n\r\nThe ore bodies are quartz stringer-lodes composed of a great number of quartz veins from 6 inches to 3 feet wide and extending along their strike and dip for several tens to hundreds of feet. In addition to quartz, the only other vein gangue mineral is ankerite. It occurs in small amounts along the borders of the quartz veins. Metallic vein minerals, in addition to native gold, are, in order of decreasing abundance, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite. In the aggregate the metallic minerals comprise only 1 to 2 percent of the total amount of vein material.\r\n\r\nThe wall rock, particularly the meta-gabbro, was profoundly altered by the vein-forming processes. The principal effects on the meta-gabbro were the addition of large amounts of soda, potash, titanium, carbon dioxide, and phosphorous, and the removal of considerable quantities of iron, magnesia, lime, and combined water. Silica also may have been decreased. The mineralogical changes involved in the alteration were the development of biotite and ankerite at the expense of original hornblende and feldspar, resulting in a brown-colored biotite- and ankerite-rich rock. The slates are relatively unaffected by the vein-forming processes.\r\n\r\nBecause of their small size, relatively low grade, and discontinuity, no attempt has been made to mine any individual vein. The prevailing practice has been to mine large blocks of ground by a system of modified block-caving, followed by hand sorting to remove the barren country rock from the gold-bearing quartz prior to milling.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"s.n.,","doi":"10.3133/ofr52160","usgsCitation":"Twenhofel, W.S., 1952, Geology of the Alaska-Juneau lode system, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-160, 175 p. ill., 2 folded maps ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52160.","productDescription":"175 p. ill., 2 folded maps ;29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45251,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":45252,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6836e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twenhofel, William Stephens","contributorId":15597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twenhofel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephens","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3704,"text":"cir164 - 1952 - Topographic instructions, Book 3, multiplex procedure; Chapter 3 C7a-e","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T15:20:38","indexId":"cir164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"164","title":"Topographic instructions, Book 3, multiplex procedure; Chapter 3 C7a-e","docAbstract":"<p>By direct projection of overlapping photographs, printed on glass plates, the multiplex produces an exact optical model, in miniature, of the terrain to be mapped. To create the model, the multiplex projectors must be properly positioned and oriented so that they duplicate the orientation of the aerial camera at the instant of each exposure. By means of a floating mark, horizontal and vertical measurements can be made in the model, and planimetry and contours can be drawn. The applicability of the multiplex to a given mapping project depends largely on the contour interval and compilation scale required, and also depends, to a lesser extent, on the vegetation and terrain cover as it may affect accuracy requirements. The steps in multiplex procedure are orientation, stereotriangulation, and compilation of detail. In orientation, the projectors are arranged so that the projected images form a stereoscopic model which can be adjusted to fit horizontal and vertical control points. In stereotriangulation, three or more multiplex projectors are oriented so that the consecutive models fit existing control, permitting the establishment of additional or intermediate control. In compilation, the features appearing in the model are delineated on the map manuscript.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir164","usgsCitation":"Loud, E.I., 1952, Topographic instructions, Book 3, multiplex procedure; Chapter 3 C7a-e: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 164, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir164.","productDescription":"76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":331347,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loud, Edward I.","contributorId":28959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loud","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24615,"text":"ofr52143 - 1952 - Preliminary report on ground water in the Michaud Flats Project, Power County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr52143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-143","title":"Preliminary report on ground water in the Michaud Flats Project, Power County, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Michaud Flats Project area, as here described, includes about 65 square miles in central Power County, south of the Snake River in the southeastern Snake River Plain of Idaho. The principal town and commercial center of the area is American Falls.\r\n\r\nThe immediate purpose of work in the area by the U.S. Geological Survey was to investigate the possibility of developing substantial quantities of ground water for irrigating high and outlying lands in the proposed Michaud Flats Project area of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Initial findings are sufficiently favorable to warrant comprehensive further investigation. Advanced study would assist proper utilization of ground-water resources and would aid ultimate evaluation of total water resources available in the area.\r\n\r\nAbout 10,000 acres of low-lying lands in the Michaud Flats project could be irrigated with water from the Snake River under a low-line distribution system involving a maximum pumping lift of about 200 feet above the river. An additional larger area of high and outlying lands is suitable for irrigation with water pumped from wells. If sufficient ground water is economically available, the expense of constructing and operating a costly highline distribution system for surface water could be saved.\r\n\r\nReconnaissance of the ground-water geology of the area disclosed surface outcrops of late Cenozoic sedimentary, pyroclastic, and volcanic rocks. Well logs and test borings show that similar materials are present beneath the land surface in the zone of saturation. Ground water occurs under perched, unconfined, and confined (artesian) conditions, but the aquifers have not been adequately explored. Existing irrigation wells, 300 feet or less in depth, yield several hundred to 1,400 gallons of water a minute, with pumping drawdowns of 6 to 50 feet, and perhaps more. A few wells have been \u001Cpumped out\u001D at rates of less than 800 gallons a minute. Scientific well-construction and development methods would lead to more efficient well performance.\r\n\r\nA generalized water-table contour map of the area shows that the principal general direction of ground-water movement is toward the west and northwest. The southwestern part of the American Falls Reservoir, and a segment of the Snake River below the dam, may be perched above the water table. Ground water appears to move beneath this segment of the river to the Snake River Plain on the northwest side.\r\n\r\nSo far as is known, recharge to the ground-water reservoir is chiefly from local sources and from the runoff from the mountain area southeast of the project. Seepage losses from surface water spread for irrigation would contribute a substantial amount of new recharge to the ground water, but the amount of such recharge might be less than the depletion of ground water by pumping. Therefore, with ground-water irrigation a part of the project, return flow to the American Falls Reservoir might be less than it is in the existing regimen. Ground-water pumping where the ground water is not tributary to the reservoir might not deplete the reservoir appreciably, but would reduce the net supply of water available west of Neeley.\r\n\r\nEvidence indicates that at least moderate supplies of ground water can be obtained in low-lying areas southwest and northeast of American Falls, but the safe perennial yields of the aquifers cannot now be estimated. The ground-water potential in high and outlying lands is not known. It is unlikely that this potential is sufficient to supply all high and outlying lands, but the supply may be adequate for a substantial part of these lands. Thorough investigation appears to be warranted.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Ground Water Branch,","doi":"10.3133/ofr52143","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.W., Nace, R.L., and Deutsch, M., 1952, Preliminary report on ground water in the Michaud Flats Project, Power County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-143, 40 p. ill., maps (fold.) ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52143.","productDescription":"40 p. ill., maps (fold.) ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66caa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, J. W.","contributorId":72774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nace, Raymond L.","contributorId":93460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deutsch, Morris","contributorId":69119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deutsch","given":"Morris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":51147,"text":"ofr5289 - 1952 - Determination of sodium and potassium in water using the Perkin-Elmer flame photometer, model 52A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:13","indexId":"ofr5289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-89","title":"Determination of sodium and potassium in water using the Perkin-Elmer flame photometer, model 52A","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5289","usgsCitation":"Lamar, W., and Laird, L., 1952, Determination of sodium and potassium in water using the Perkin-Elmer flame photometer, model 52A: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-89, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5289.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamar, W.L.","contributorId":52549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamar","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laird, L.B.","contributorId":23522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":71237,"text":"tei139 - 1952 - Pegmatites of the Crystal Mountain district, Larimer County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T13:28:29","indexId":"tei139","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T11:37:40","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"139","title":"Pegmatites of the Crystal Mountain district, Larimer County, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Front Range of Colorado is composed chiefly of schists of the pre-Cambrian Idaho Springs formation which have been intruded by a variety of granitic batholiths. In the Crystal Mountain district the Mount Olympus granite, a satellite of the Longs Peak batholith, forms sills and essentially concordant multiple intrusions in quartz-mica schist that dips southward at moderate to steep angles. A great number of pegmatites accompanied and followed the intrusion of the sills, and formed concordant and discordant bodies in schist and granite.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Over 1,300 pegmatites in the Hyatt area north of the Big Thompson River are mapped and individually described. There are 27 pegmatites in the area that are made up of a wall zone and a core, and one, the pegmatite at the Hyatt mine, is composed of five zones. The largest pegmatites in the area are discordant in schist and occupy zones that are interpreted to be tear faults and tension fractures produced by the successive intrusions of granite that formed multiple sills. The majority of pegmatites in the large multiple sills were emplaced along the foliation and fractures.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The composition of 96 percent of the pegmatites is granitic, 3.5 percent are quartz-rich pegmatites, and a few are tourmaline-rich. The pegmatites were intruded over a period of time and probably were derived from a granitic magma at different stages during differentiation. Solutions escaping from many of the pegmatites tournalinized and silicified the wall rocks for a few inches to two feet, but chemical and spectrographic analyses fail to show the transport of any other constituents.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Perthite, plagioclase, and quartz are the essential minerals of the pegmatites, and muscovite is a minor but widespread constituent. Tourmaline, garnet, beryl, and apatite are common accessory minerals, and lithiophillitite-triphylite, bismuthinite, uraninite, columbite-tantalite, and chrysoberyl are rare constituents. Beryl is found in 250 or 27 percent of the pegmatites and makes up 0.01 percent or more of 77 bodies. The beryl-bearing pegmatites are richest in two of the three large granite masses, and are somewhat less rich at a distance of more than a thousand feet from the margins of the intrusives, but contain the least beryl in the thousand-foot belt immediately surrounding the intrusives. The Hyatt pegmatite is by far the richest deposit of beryl in the area mapped.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most of the pegmatites mapped are \"unzoned\" or homogeneous pegmatites. All gradations are visible between bodies consisting of uniform texture and mineral distribution to zoned pegmatites. The interpretation is made that, for most pegmatites, the initial composition determines whether or not zones will form. Pegmatites containing many zones can form from a magma composed of the elements in perthite, plagioclase, quartz, and muscovite, depending on the proportions of the components crystallizing at any given time. The complexly zoned deposits depend for their formation on the presence of a number of the rarer elements, principally lithium. Replacement textures in zones result from the interaction of the rest-liquid with the earlier-formed solid crystals. No mappable pegmatite in the Crystal Mountain district formed from the replacement of pre-existing pegmatite by solutions escaping from the rest-liquid, or by solutions originating outside the pegmatite.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Three beryl-bearing zoned pegmatites, the Hyatt, Big Boulder, and Buckhorn Mica deposits, were explored by core drilling. Each deposit is mapped and described in detail, and the mineral reserves evaluated. The exploration indicates a total of 2,000 tons of beryl, of which 480 tons is estimated to be recoverable by hand sorting. The mapping of the 3 3/4-square mile Hyatt area indicates beryl in sufficient abundance to infer beryl resources of an additional 1,150 tons.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Small tonnages of scrap mica and perthite may be obtained from the Hyatt and Big Boulder prospects, and columbite-tantalite may occur in sufficient amounts at the Buckhorn Mica mine and Tantalum claim to produce several hundred pounds as a byproduct of beryl mining. Dumps at the various deposits contain 25 to 50 tons of beryl.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei139","usgsCitation":"Thurston, W.R., 1952, Pegmatites of the Crystal Mountain district, Larimer County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 139, 167 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei139.","productDescription":"167 p.","numberOfPages":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0139/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Larimer County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.1954,40.2578 ], [ -106.1954,40.9984 ], [ -104.9431,40.9984 ], [ -104.9431,40.2578 ], [ -106.1954,40.2578 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa9dfae4b065055fab1674","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurston, William R.","contributorId":9712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurston","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221611,"text":"70221611 - 1952 - Magmatic differentiation in tertiary and quaternary volcanic rocks from Adak and Kanaga Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T13:47:20.593876","indexId":"70221611","displayToPublicDate":"1952-12-01T08:40:41","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic differentiation in tertiary and quaternary volcanic rocks from Adak and Kanaga Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Samples of 17&nbsp;</span>volcanic<span>&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>Tertiary<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>Quaternary<span>&nbsp;age from&nbsp;</span>Adak<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>Kanaga<span>&nbsp;</span>islands<span>&nbsp;have been chemically analyzed and studied microscopically. Spectrograms have been made of 10 of them. The&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span>Adak<span>&nbsp;represent one center of possibly older&nbsp;</span>Tertiary<span>&nbsp;age and two centers of younger&nbsp;</span>Tertiary<span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span>Quaternary<span>&nbsp;age. The&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span>Kanaga<span>&nbsp;</span>Island<span>&nbsp;represent both a shield volcano of possibly&nbsp;</span>Tertiary<span>&nbsp;age, partly destroyed by the formation of a caldera, and a young cone of&nbsp;</span>Quaternary<span>&nbsp;age that has grown within the caldera. All the&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>&nbsp;are basalt or andesite. Modally, all are characterized by relatively large crystals of plagioclase more calcic than andesine, and by one or more of the following ferromagnesian minerals: olivine, hypersthene, augite, and hornblende. Apatite and iron ores are common, and late silica minerals and orthoclase occur interstitially&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the groundmasses of some&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>. As analyses of no more than four samples are available for each center, the small differences between sets of analyses representing different centers are of doubtful significance. Consequently, the analyses representing all the centers have been plotted on each of the several diagrams used. The several types of variation diagrams show that the province is a calc-alkaline one. The alkali-lime index is&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the neighborhood of 63. This very high value is comparable with that for Katmai and is only slightly less than the maximum for the Japanese&nbsp;</span>volcanic<span>&nbsp;</span>rock<span>&nbsp;series. The quantities of minor constituents present are not exceptional for the&nbsp;</span>rock<span>&nbsp;types analyzed; the&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>&nbsp;from&nbsp;</span>Adak<span>&nbsp;are apparently more strontium-rich than those from&nbsp;</span>Kanaga<span>. The chemical analyses of the more basic&nbsp;</span>rock<span>&nbsp;types, as compared with the average analysis of plateau basalt, suggest that the&nbsp;</span>Aleutian<span>&nbsp;parental magma could have been derived from a plateau basalt magma by the addition of plagioclase and the subtraction of pyroxene, iron ore, and some quartz. The distribution of the minor elements can be explained more easily by postulating that, at least on&nbsp;</span>Kanaga<span>&nbsp;</span>Island<span>, some sediments have been assimilated. The derivation of the analyzed&nbsp;</span>rocks<span>&nbsp;from the&nbsp;</span>Aleutian<span>&nbsp;parental magma is most easily explained by the hypothesis that the plagioclase remained&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;suspension while the ferromagnesian minerals were settling out.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[485:MDITAQ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Coats, R.R., 1952, Magmatic differentiation in tertiary and quaternary volcanic rocks from Adak and Kanaga Islands, Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 5, p. 485-514, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[485:MDITAQ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"514","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              58.95000823335702\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.3212890625,\n              54.49556752187406\n            ],\n            [\n              -182.1533203125,\n              52.482780222078226\n            ],\n            [\n              -187.470703125,\n              53.61857936489517\n            ],\n            [\n              -193.9306640625,\n              55.89995614406812\n            ],\n            [\n              -194.4580078125,\n              55.00282580979323\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              50.28933925329178\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.59765625,\n              53.199451902831555\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.2255859375,\n              56.389583525613055\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.1484375,\n              58.95000823335702\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coats, Robert R.","contributorId":37788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coats","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221610,"text":"70221610 - 1952 - Late quaternary geology and frost phenomena along Alaska Highway, Northern British Columbia and Southeastern Yukon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-25T13:34:53.224712","indexId":"70221610","displayToPublicDate":"1952-12-01T08:30:32","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary geology and frost phenomena along Alaska Highway, Northern British Columbia and Southeastern Yukon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reconnaissance field work&nbsp;</span>along<span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span>Alaska<span>&nbsp;</span>Highway<span>&nbsp;in&nbsp;</span>northern<span>&nbsp;</span>British<span>&nbsp;</span>Columbia<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>southeastern<span>&nbsp;</span>Yukon<span>&nbsp;furnishes preliminary data on the later&nbsp;</span>Quaternary<span>&nbsp;history of the region, and on the processes and results of intensive&nbsp;</span>frost<span>&nbsp;action. Extensive erosion surfaces were developed prior to glaciation, such as the Alberta Plateau of northeastern&nbsp;</span>British<span>&nbsp;</span>Columbia<span>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span>Yukon<span>&nbsp;Plateau in southern&nbsp;</span>Yukon<span>. In the region from Dawson Creek to Fort Nelson,&nbsp;</span>British<span>&nbsp;</span>Columbia<span>, the drift is dominantly a slightly weathered bouldery clay till of Wisconsin age, deposited by ice that came from the east. In the&nbsp;</span>northern<span>&nbsp;Rocky Mountains, the last eastward advance of the Wisconsin glaciers to the mountain front preceded the maximum westward advance of the ice sheets. In the foothills belt west of the&nbsp;</span>Highway<span>, the tills of these two advances are separated by lake deposits. Much of the drift is probably pre-Altamont in age and was subjected to vigorous&nbsp;</span>frost<span>&nbsp;action during the Altamont substage. The climate ameliorated perhaps with the advent of the post-glacial optimum and possibly coincident with the development of prairies. A recent change from prairie to forest perhaps indicates a slight cooling in recent time. In the&nbsp;</span>northern<span>&nbsp;Rocky Mountains, four substages of Wisconsin glaciation are recognized tentatively on the basis of morainal deposits and outwash terraces. The upper Liard basin is characterized by extensive pitted outwash plains, probably of&nbsp;</span>late<span>&nbsp;Wisconsin age. From Teslin Lake to Whitehorse, the&nbsp;</span>Highway<span>&nbsp;is bordered by extensive terraces of gravel and sand deposited in ice-marginal streams and lakes. Intensive&nbsp;</span>frost<span>&nbsp;action has modified pre-existing land forms and has produced a wide variety of features, such as talus, blockfields, stone rings, stone stripes, and terraces. Long smooth slopes, chiefly due to mass movements such as solifluction, are characteristic of the landscapes. These slopes and ancient soil structures extend down into forested areas and probably developed prior to the advent of forests, doubtless prior to the post-glacial optimum.&nbsp;</span>Phenomena<span>&nbsp;resulting from intensive&nbsp;</span>frost<span>&nbsp;action at the present time are restricted largely to areas above timber line.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[883:LQGAFP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Denny, C.S., 1952, Late quaternary geology and frost phenomena along Alaska Highway, Northern British Columbia and Southeastern Yukon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 63, no. 9, p. 883-922, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1952)63[883:LQGAFP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"922","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Highway","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -139.04296875,\n              61.95961583829658\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.404296875,\n              63.58767529470318\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5244140625,\n              60.951776809566965\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.7451171875,\n              59.977005492196\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.2197265625,\n              56.559482483762245\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.9677734375,\n              54.67383096593114\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.1552734375,\n              57.040729838360875\n            ],\n            [\n              -128.5400390625,\n              58.401711667608\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.04296875,\n              61.95961583829658\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denny, Charles Storrow","contributorId":86331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Storrow","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72057,"text":"tem140 - 1952 - Geology of the area adjacent to the Free Enterprise uranium-silver Mine, Boulder District, Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:54:59","indexId":"tem140","displayToPublicDate":"1952-01-01T15:19:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"140","title":"Geology of the area adjacent to the Free Enterprise uranium-silver Mine, Boulder District, Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"Uranium minerals.occur in pods associated with cryptocrystalline silica, silver minerals, and scattered sulfide mineral grains in a hydrothermal vein that cuts quartz monzonite and alaskite at the Free Enterprise mine, 2 miles west of Boulder, Mont. The Free Enterprise vein is one of many silicified reef-like structures in this area, most of which trend about N. 60° E. The cryptocrystalline silica zones of the area are lenticular and are bordered by an altered zone where quartz monzonite is the wall rock. No alteration was noticed where alaskite is adjacent to silica zones. No uranium minerals were observed at the surface, but radioactivity anomalies were noted at 57 outcrops. Underground mining has shown that leaching by downward percolating waters has removed most of the uranium from the near-surface part of the Free Enterprise vein and probably has enriched slightly, parts of the vein and the adjacent wall rock from the bottom of the leached zone to the ground-water level. It is possible that other veins that show low to moderate radioactivity at the surface may contain significant concentrations of uranium minerals at relatively shallow depth. The quartz monzonite appears to be a more favorable host rock for the cryptocrystalline silica and associated uranium minerals than the alaskite. The alaskite occurs as vertical_dikes plug-like masses, and as irregularly shaped, gently dipping masses that are believed to have been intruded into open fractures formed during the cooling of the quartz monzonite.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation the the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Roberts, W., and Gude, A.J., 1952, Geology of the area adjacent to the Free Enterprise uranium-silver Mine, Boulder District, Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 140, Report: 25 p.; Plate: 30.94 inches x 31.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem140.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; Plate: 30.94 inches x 31.33 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":279205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0140/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282985,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0140/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":282984,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0140/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.158652,46.250478 ], [ -112.158652,46.260749 ], [ -112.134312,46.260749 ], [ -112.134312,46.250478 ], [ -112.158652,46.250478 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"528c96aee4b0c629af44ddb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, W.A.","contributorId":13521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gude, A. J. III","contributorId":25554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gude","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":71319,"text":"tei265 - 1952 - The geology of the Florida land-pebble phosphate deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T08:28:50","indexId":"tei265","displayToPublicDate":"1952-01-01T10:17:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"265","title":"The geology of the Florida land-pebble phosphate deposits","docAbstract":"<p>The land-pebble phosphate district is on the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida. The phosphate deposits are in the Bone Valley formation, dated Pliocene by most writers. These strata overlie the Miocene Hawthorn formation and are overlain by consolidated sands 3 to 20 feet thick.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The minable phosphate deposits, called “matrix” in the district, range from a featheredge to about 50 feet in thickness and consist of phosphatic pellets and nodules, quartz sand, and montmorillonitic clay in about equal proportions. Locally the matrix displays cross-bedding and horizontal laminations, but elsewhere it is structureless. The phosphorite particles, composed largely of carbonate-fluorapatite, range in diameter from less than 0.1 mm to about 60 cm and in P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5<sub> content from 30 to 36 percent. Coarse-pebble deposits, containing 30 to 34 percent P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5<sub>  are found mainly on basement highs; and fine-pebble deposits, containing 32 to 36 percent P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5<sub> are, are found in basement lows. Deposits in the northern part of the field contain more phosphate particles and their P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5<sub>  content is higher than those in the southern part.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The upper part of the phosphatic strata is leached to an advanced degree and consists of quartz sand and clay-sized particules of pseudowavellite and wavellite. The leached zone ranges in thickness from a featheredge to 60 feet.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The origin of the land-pebble deposits is incompletely known. Possible modes of origin are a residuum of Miocene age, or a reworked residuum of Pliocene or Quaternary age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei265","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J., Blade, L., Davidson, D., and Ketner, K.B., 1952, The geology of the Florida land-pebble phosphate deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 265, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei265.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tei265.jpg"},{"id":285631,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0265/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,27.0 ], [ -82.5,28.25 ], [ -81.5,28.25 ], [ -81.5,27.0 ], [ -82.5,27.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355959fe4b0120853e8c281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, J.B.","contributorId":83533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blade, L.V.","contributorId":65093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blade","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, D.F.","contributorId":68293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ketner, K. B.","contributorId":23121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":283983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":72112,"text":"tem228 - 1951 - Uranium in the East Walker River Area, Lyon County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:56:44","indexId":"tem228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-01T14:20:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"228","title":"Uranium in the East Walker River Area, Lyon County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Uraniferous quartz veins and deposits of other types occur in\nan area at least six miles long and three miles wide, along the East\nWalker River in Lyon County, Nevada. Most of the deposits are on\nthe west side of the river.\nSix properties of areas were mapped, sampled, and tested radiometrically.\nThese properties are: the Far West Willys group, North-west Willys group, West Willys group, Silver Pick property, Grant View hot springs, and the Boerlin ranch radioactive area.\nThe East Walker River area is underlain by coarse-grained porphyritic granite. Cutting the granite are numerous aplite dikes and a few perthite-quartz pegmatites. Faulting was noted in a few places.\nRadioactive material has been found in the East Walker River area\nin deposits of four types: (1) quartz veins carrying small amounts\nof copper, lead, and silver minerals; (2) partly altered granite adjacent to quartz veins; (3) gouge zones, and (4) hot springs. The\nquartz vein deposits are the most abundant. The uranium minerals\npitchblende and kasolite occur in the quartz veins, in aggregates and\nstreaks associated with copper and silver minerals, galena, and barite.\nIn many quartz veins abnormal radioactivity is absent or only locally\npresent. Samples collected from quartz veins contained from 0.001 to\n0.14 percent uranium; only five of 46 samples contained over 0.025 percent\nuranium.\nPartially altered granite adjacent to the quartz veins in the West\nWillys No. 7 property contains scattered torbernite, but the highest\nuranium content noted in deposits of this type was 0.006 percent.\nThe third type of deposit is represented on the Silver Pick property,\nwhere a gouge zone of differing thickness contains scattered flakes\nof torbernite. Five samples from this deposit contained from 0.00.5 to\n0.013 percent uranium.\nThe Grant View hot spring is moderately radioactive near the point\nwhere it issues from the hillside. Laboratory analysis of both water\nand sand from this deposit shows little uranium content (0.02 parts per\nmillion), and little radioactivity, indicating that the radioactivity\nis due to some short-lived daughter product, probably radon .\nThe uraniferous material found to date in the area is of too low a\ngrade and small a size to be of present value.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem228","usgsCitation":"Staatz, M., and Bauer, H., 1951, Uranium in the East Walker River Area, Lyon County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 228, Report: 26 p.; Plate 1: 25.57 inches x 20.25 inches; Plate 2: 15.82 inches x 16.71 inches; Plate 3: 21.92 inches x 21.70 inches; Plate 4: 21.63 inches x 21.22 inches; Plate 5: 9.35 inches x 13.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem228.","productDescription":"Report: 26 p.; Plate 1: 25.57 inches x 20.25 inches; Plate 2: 15.82 inches x 16.71 inches; Plate 3: 21.92 inches x 21.70 inches; Plate 4: 21.63 inches x 21.22 inches; Plate 5: 9.35 inches x 13.30 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282990,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":282988,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/report.pdf"},{"id":282991,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":282989,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":282992,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":282993,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0228/plate-6.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Lyon County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.7126,38.414 ], [ -119.7126,39.7404 ], [ -118.7537,39.7404 ], [ -118.7537,38.414 ], [ -119.7126,38.414 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc497e4b0850ea050cedb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staatz, M.H.","contributorId":14411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staatz","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":48338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220632,"text":"5220632 - 1951 - Distinctions between the snake genera Contia and Eirenis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"5220632","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:20","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinctions between the snake genera Contia and Eirenis","docAbstract":"Summary:  Various workers have believed Contia to be related to or congeneric with either or both Sonora and Eirenis, the latter a genus of Western Asia. Study of hemipenes, teeth, and jaws indicates that these genera are not related to one another.  The hemipenes of Eirenis modesta and Contia tenuis are described.  \tEirenis is thought to be a derivative of the racer group.  \tRelationships of Contia are unknown.  It is suggested that some North American genera with xenodontine-type hemipenes may not be of the South American faunal element and may have been in North America at least as long as the Old Northerners.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., 1951, Distinctions between the snake genera Contia and Eirenis: Herpetologica, v. 7, no. 3, p. 125-131.","productDescription":"125-131","startPage":"125","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a20c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72143,"text":"tem30A - 1951 - Reconnaissance examination for uranium at six mines and properties in Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-27T14:16:00","indexId":"tem30A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"30","chapter":"A","title":"Reconnaissance examination for uranium at six mines and properties in Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Six mining properties in Idaho and Montana at which radioactivity had been reported or suspected were briefly examine by J.S. Vhay and W.A. Roberts of the U.S. Geological Survey in October and November 1949.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The properties in Idaho are the Grunter mine, from which radio-active mill concentrates have been reported; the Kentuck mine; the Ulysses-kittie Burton Mill; and the Garm-Lemoreaux mine.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The properties in Montana are the Armeson-McKenny property in Beaverhead County and the Oro property in Lincoln County.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Moderate to high radioactivity was noted at the Garm-Lemoreaux mine and the Armeson-McKenney property. That most of  this radioactivity is not caused by uranium is suggested by the low uranium content of the majority of the samples. One sample from a dump of the Garm-Lemoreaux mine assayed 0.11 percent uranium.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem30A","collaboration":"Prepared by the Geological Survey for the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Vhay, J.S., 1951, Reconnaissance examination for uranium at six mines and properties in Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 30, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem30A.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0030a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":284583,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0030-A/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,45.0 ], [ -114.5,48.5 ], [ -113.5,48.5 ], [ -113.5,45.0 ], [ -114.5,45.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db6441c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vhay, John Stewart","contributorId":97920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vhay","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50931,"text":"ofr5169 - 1951 - Physical and chemical comparison of modern and fossil tooth and bone material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T16:12:51","indexId":"ofr5169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-69","title":"Physical and chemical comparison of modern and fossil tooth and bone material","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5169","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, E.B., and Sherwood, A., 1951, Physical and chemical comparison of modern and fossil tooth and bone material: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-69, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5169.","productDescription":"22 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369434,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":90294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, A.M.","contributorId":25987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50951,"text":"ofr5191 - 1951 - Ground water in the Mohall area, Bottineau and Renville Counties, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T21:28:50.810463","indexId":"ofr5191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-91","title":"Ground water in the Mohall area, Bottineau and Renville Counties, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mohall area includes about 120 square miles in Bottineau </span><span>and Renville Counties in northwestern North Dakota. Mohall, whose </span><span>1950 population was 1,073, is the only town in the area. </span></p><p><span>The area is part of the Drift Prairie section of the Central Lowland physiographic province. It is characterized by the gently undulating ground moraine plain which slopes regionally to the northeast. It is drained by several southeast-trending intermittent streams which run almost at right angles to the regional slope. </span></p><p><span>The geologic formations in the Mohall area may be conveniently grouped into three units: the alluvium or alluvial deposits, which are found in the valleys of the intermittent streams, the till and associated glaciofluvial deposits, and the bedrock formations. </span></p><p><span>Ground water of reasonably good quality is obtained in the area only from the alluvial deposits. Because of the limited areal extent of these deposits, only a small number of farms obtain water supplies from them. However, the municipal water supply of the town of Mohall is obtained from these deposits in Spring Coulee northeast of the town, and much water for rural domestic use is hauled from the Becker well southwest of the town, in Little Deep Creek.</span></p><p><span>The principal source of recharge to the alluvial deposits is seepage during the spring runoff period. Natural discharge occurs by underflow down the stream valleys, by evaporation from open water and marshy areas and transpiration by plants.</span></p><p><span>The coefficient of transmissibility of </span><span>the alluvium, n the basis </span><span>of short pumping tests on Mohan wells 3 </span><span>and 4, is </span><span>indicated to be </span><span>about 6,000 </span><span>gallons a day per foot </span><span>at well 3 and about 20,000 gallons </span><span>a day per foot at well 4. The specific yield was computed as 0.25 </span><span>from the pumping </span><span>test on well </span><span>3. </span><span>No gravel of importance was en</span><span>countered in the two cross sections that were drilled across Spring </span><span>Coulee near the municipal wells, and the greatest thickness of satu</span><span>rated alluvial deposits found was only about 10 feet.</span></p><p><span>A Saturated thickness of 20 feet of sand and gravel was penetrated in test drilling along Cut Bank Creek. This is the greatest thickness of saturated alluvial deposits penetrated anywhere in the area. Ground water in storage in these alluvial deposits has been estimated to be about 150 million gallons per mile. These deposits are favorably situated to receive recharge, as Cut Bank Creek drains a rather large area and contains long stretches of open water perennially, Therefore, it is believed that the alluvial deposits of Cut Bank Creek offer the best promise for the development of moderately large perennial ground-water supplies for the present and probable future needs of the town of Mohall. </span></p><p><span>Test drilling in West Cut Bank Creek and in Little Deep Creek did not reveal alluvial deposits of such character and saturated thickness as to be considered favorable for the development of moderate to large water supplies, though some of the material encountered should yield adequate quantities for farm supplies.</span></p><p><span>The till with its associated glaciofluvial deposits is the surface formation in the&nbsp;area except where covered by the alluvial deposits&nbsp;in the stream valleys. In the Mohall areas, this formation is not an important aquifer and fewer than half a dozen wells are known to obtain water from it. The glaciofluvial deposits penetrated&nbsp;by the test holes are not considered adequate&nbsp;sources for permanent municipal or industrial supplies because they are likely to have small-areal extent and the overlying, relatively impermeable till makes seasonal recharge to them practically impossible.</span></p><p><span>Test drilling in the Souris River Valley about 12 miles west of Mohall penetrated as mutt as 58 feet of fluvial sediments, but practi-cally all the material is clay and silt. No important aquifers were found there. </span></p><p><span>At least 50 percent of all the farm water supplies in the area are obtained from wells in the bedrock formations, which probably consist of the Fox Hills sandstone, the Cannonball formation, and the Ludlow and Tongue Rtter members of the Fort Union formation. </span></p><p><span>Underlying these formations is approximately 2,600 feet of Cretaceous shale, which'is not water bearing. Water from the \"Dakota\" sandstone (including the possible equivalent of the Fuson shale and Lakota sandstone) may be obtained at depths of about 3,200 to 3,300 feet. The \"Dakota sandstone\" probably would yield water in sufficient quantity for municipal and many industrial purposes in this areas but the water is likely to be too highly mineralized for most domestic uses.</span></p><p><span>Jurassic formations underlie the&nbsp;Cretaceous formations in the area. They do not constitute aquifers of importance, and, any water found in them is likely to be too highly mineralized for most purposes. </span></p><p><span>In the Mohall area,&nbsp;by far the most suitable water for general purposes is obtained from the shallow alluvial deposits in the stream valleys. Of the seven samples of this water water analyzed, the highest concentration of dissolved solids was 1,242 parts per million and the lowest, 317 parts. The iron content was&nbsp;higher than desirable in two samples but satisfactory in all the&nbsp;others. Total hardness ranged from 196 to 570, which is higher than desirable. Nitrate was present in all samples analyzed and was excessively high in two samples. </span></p><p><span>Water samples for analysis were not obtained from the till and associated glaciofluvial deposits but the water from these aquifers is likely to be more highly mineralized than the water from the alluvial. deposits. </span></p><p><span>The water from the upper part of the bedrock is highly mineralized, but its mineral content varies considerably. The chloride concentration of the samples analyzed ranges from 608 to 3,740 parts per million and the bicarbonate concentration ranges from 160 to 860 parts per million. The specific conductance ranges from 3,190 to 11,120 micromhos and may represent total mineralization on the order of 1,500 to more than 6,000 parts per million in the water with high chloride and bicarbonate content. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr5191","usgsCitation":"Akin, P., 1951, Ground water in the Mohall area, Bottineau and Renville Counties, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-91, Report: 90 p.; 2 Plates: 8.00 x 7.80 inches and 10.30 x 5.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5191.","productDescription":"Report: 90 p.; 2 Plates: 8.00 x 7.80 inches and 10.30 x 5.66 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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,{"id":51049,"text":"ofr51150 - 1951 - Nonequilibrium type curves modified for two-well systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T14:20:38","indexId":"ofr51150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-150","title":"Nonequilibrium type curves modified for two-well systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr51150","usgsCitation":"Stallman, R., and Brown, R.H., 1951, Nonequilibrium type curves modified for two-well systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-150, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51150.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369219,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69708e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallman, R.W.","contributorId":61887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallman","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":71168,"text":"tei68 - 1951 - Reconnaissance of radioactive rocks of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-23T15:58:40","indexId":"tei68","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68","title":"Reconnaissance of radioactive rocks of Maine","docAbstract":"<p>The state of Maine was traversed with car-mounted Geiger-Mueller equipment in the late summer of 1948 and the radioactivity of approximately 4,600 miles of road was logged.</p>\n<br>\n<p>All samples were analyzed, both in the field by comparing the radioactivity of each sample to the radioactivity of a stranded measured with a simple scaling modification of a portable counter, and in the Geological Survey’s Trace Elements Section Washington Laboratory. Differences between both types of analyses were negligible. The maximum equivalent uranium content of the most radioactive rocks thus analyzed was 0.008 percent. A 1,400-square-mile abnormally radioactive province in southwestern Maine was outlined.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The outcrop data obtained from car traversing are evaluated statistically. Cumulative frequency distribution curves are drawn to show the distribution of outcrops at various levels of radioactivity, and straight-line extensions are made to show to maximum probable grade for various rock types and areas in Maine. A maximum grade of 0.055 percent equivalent uranium is thus predicted for the entire state. This  prediction necessarily is a broad generalization because large areas of Main are inaccessible for car traversing. A concept of evaluation of an area for possible mineral deposits is proposed on the basis of lithology, and observed and indicated ranges in grade.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tei68","collaboration":"Prepared by the Geological Survey for the United States Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J.M., and Narten, P., 1951, Reconnaissance of radioactive rocks of Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 68, Report: 43 p.; 1 Plate: 15.49 x 23.65 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tei68.","productDescription":"Report: 43 p.; 1 Plate: 15.49 x 23.65 inches","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90575,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285585,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/0068/figure-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.0,43.0 ], [ -71.0,47.0 ], [ -67.0,47.0 ], [ -67.0,43.0 ], [ -71.0,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63afe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, John M.","contributorId":83578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Narten, Perry F.","contributorId":59780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narten","given":"Perry F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":283755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50927,"text":"ofr5165 - 1951 - The design of the model V transmission fluorimeter","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50927,"text":"ofr5165 - 1951 - The design of the model V transmission fluorimeter","indexId":"ofr5165","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"title":"The design of the model V transmission fluorimeter"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3945,"text":"cir311 - 1953 - A fluorimeter for solutions","indexId":"cir311","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"A fluorimeter for solutions"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":3945,"text":"cir311 - 1953 - A fluorimeter for solutions","indexId":"cir311","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"A fluorimeter for solutions"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:14","indexId":"ofr5165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-65","title":"The design of the model V transmission fluorimeter","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5165","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, M., May, I., and Anderson, J., 1951, The design of the model V transmission fluorimeter (Superceded by: circular 311): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-65, 5 p. : 7 ill. ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5165.","productDescription":"5 p. : 7 ill. ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by: circular 311","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Mary H.","contributorId":52954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Mary H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, Irving","contributorId":39771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J.W.","contributorId":54661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":13198,"text":"ofr5143 - 1951 - Geology of the Humboldt region and the Iron King mine, Bigbug mining district, Yavapai County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:54","indexId":"ofr5143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-43","title":"Geology of the Humboldt region and the Iron King mine, Bigbug mining district, Yavapai County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Humboldt region is in central Yavapai County, Arizona. The intersection of the 112? 15' meridian and the 34? 30' N parallel is in the approximate geographical center of the region, and the Iron King mine is about 2000 feet west-northwest of the intersection. Pre-Cambrian rocks form the bedrock in the Humboldt region. Late Cenozoic unconsolidated river wash and valley fill, including some interbedded basalt, locally mantle the pre-Cambrian rocks, especially in the north-central part of the region (Lonesome Valley). \r\n\r\nThe pre-Cambrian rocks consist of five newly defined metavolcanic formations derived from flows and tuff s, and of six intrusive units ranging in composition from granite to gabbro or perhaps more mafic types. Relic bedding-and pillow structures are locally prominent in the metavolcanics; geopetal structures are uncommon, but where present, generally indicate that the top is toward the west, though the evidence is too meager to be conclusive. Low-grade dynamothermal metamorphism altered the metavolcanics and to a lesser extent the intrusive rocks, forming textures, structures, and mineral assemblages characteristic of low temperature and moderate stress.\r\n\r\nThe Texas Gulch formation, which is the easternmost metavolcanic formation, consists of five lithologic units. Arranged in the general order of their appearance from east to west they are meta-andesite breccia, purple slate, metarhyolite tuff, meta-andesite, and green slate. The boundary between the Texas Gulch formation and the Iron King meta-andesite is apparently gradational.\r\n\r\nThe Iron King meta-andesite consists of three meta-andesite tuff units, two meta-andesite flow units and one metarhyolite tuff and conglomerate unit. The assemblage chlorite-albite-epitode with or without quartz is dominant in the meta-andesites. Mafic intrusive rocks, which may be approximately contemporaneous with metamorphism, may explain the presence of actinolitic hornblende in the central part of the formation.\r\n\r\nToward the west the Iron King meta-andesite appears to grade into the Spud Mountain metabreccia through a zone containing beds characteristic of either one formation or the other. The Spud Mountain metabreccia consists of interbedded metabreccia and metatuff beds. The metatuffs are largely andesitic in composition, but a few thin beds of metarhyolite tuff occur. The fragments in the metabreccia beds consist chiefly or porphyritic meta-andesites and the matrix is meta-andesite tuff.\r\n\r\nPre-Cambrian faults now marked by dikes separate the Chaparral Gulch metavolcanics, which lie west of the Spud Mountain metabreccia, from underlying and overlying formations. The Chaparral Gulch metavolcanics contain metarhyolite tuff, metarhyolite flow, and meta-andesite tuff that locally was contaminated by rhyolitic detritus.\r\n\r\nThe Indian Hills metavolcanics, which are northeast of the Chaparral Gulch metavolcanics, consist of two broad units, one composed of metarhyolites and the other of meta-andesites. Metamorphosed tuffs and flows are believed to be represented in both units and flow breccia in the meta-andesites.\r\n\r\nGranite and alaskite; granodiorite and quartz diorite; diorite, mafic quartz diorite, gabbro and diabase; metarhyolite (?); and quartz porphyry comprise the pre-Cambrian intrusive units mapped. They include both deep-seated and hypabyssal types. Dynamothermal metamorphism has foliated the smaller bodies and the margins of the larger masses and partly converted them into mineral assemblages stable under low-grade metamorphic conditions.\r\n\r\nPlanar structures (chiefly foliation) are omnipresent and linear structures are common in the pre-Cambrian meta-volcanic rocks. North-trending planar structures dominate in the Indian Hills metavolcanics, and in the Spud Mountain metabreccia, whereas northeast-trending planar structures are dominant in the Texas Gulch formation, Iron King meta-andesite, and Chaparral Gulch metavolcanics. To a lesser extent northeast-trending st","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr5143","usgsCitation":"Creasey, S.C., 1951, Geology of the Humboldt region and the Iron King mine, Bigbug mining district, Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-43, 146 p.; 2 folded maps ;30 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5143.","productDescription":"146 p.; 2 folded maps ;30 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41585,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41586,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41587,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41588,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41589,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41590,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41591,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ff87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Creasey, Saville Cyrus","contributorId":12864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creasey","given":"Saville","email":"","middleInitial":"Cyrus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1065,"text":"wsp1106 - 1951 - Public water supplies in western Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:37:12","indexId":"wsp1106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1106","title":"Public water supplies in western Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This report gives a summarized description of the public water supplies in a region comprising 81 counties of western Texas and lying generally west of the hundredth meridian. It is the fourth and last of this series of reports concerning the public water supplies of the State. It gives the available data for each of 142 communities, as follows: The population of the community; the name of the official from whom the information was obtained; the ownership of the waterworks, whether private or municipal; the source of supply, whether ground water or surface water; the amount of water consumed; the facilities for storage; the number of customers served; the character of the chemical and sanitary treatment of the water, if any; and the chemical analyses of the water. Where ground water is used the following also are given. Records of wells, including drillers' logs; character of the pumping equipment; and yield of the wells and water-level records where they are available. Of the 142 public supplies, 133 are obtained from ground water, 5 from surface water, and 4 from a combination of both. The total amount of water . used for public supply in the region averages about 78,000,000 gallons a day. Of this about 61,000,000 gallons a day is ground water and about 17,000,000 gallons a day is surface water. The ground-water resources of the region from which public water supplies are drawn are in rocks that range in age from Permian to Quaternary. The Ogallala formation of Tertiary age (Pliocene), which covers about 35,000 square miles of the High Plains in Texas, is the most important ground-water reservoir in the region. The formation furnishes water for 78 public supplies and for irrigating about 1,000,000 acres of land. The amount of water used for irrigating amounted to about 1,000,000 acre-feet in 1948. The Trinity and Fredericksburg groups of Lower Cretaceous age supply ground water in the western part of the Edwards Plateau, which constitutes an area of more than 22,000 square miles. These formations furnish small to large supplies to 20 municipalities. Sands of the Dockum group of Triassic refurnish meager to moderate supplies of water for 10 municipalities in areas east of the southern part of the High Plains and in the northern Pecos Valley in Texas. Local alluvial, bolson, or volcanic deposits furnish ground water in small to large amounts in scattered localities in the remainder of the region. The Permian rocks are of little importance as a source of ground water for public supply, owing to the highly mineralized water in them. The results of the chemical analyses of 206 samples of water obtained from the public supplies of the region are given in this report. The analyses are reported in parts per million and in equivalents per million for those ions entering into ionic balance. Of the samples analyzed 57 percent contained silica in excess of 20 parts per million; about 9 percent contained iron in excess of 0.3 part per million; 78 percent had hardness in excess of 200 parts per million; about 18 percent contained sulfate in excess of 250 parts per million; 10 percent contained chloride in excess of 250 parts per million; 3 percent contained nitrate in excess of 20 parts per million; 37 percent contained fluoride in excess of 2 parts per million; and 12 percent contained dissolved solids in excess of 1,000 parts per million.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1106","usgsCitation":"Broadhurst, W., Sundstrom, R., and Weaver, D.E., 1951, Public water supplies in western Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1106, viii, 168 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1106.","productDescription":"viii, 168 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1106/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bc90a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broadhurst, W. L.","contributorId":55414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broadhurst","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sundstrom, R.W.","contributorId":103657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundstrom","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":143120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D. E.","contributorId":51718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4058,"text":"cir107 - 1951 - Progress report, chemical quality of the surface waters in the Loup River basin, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"cir107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107","title":"Progress report, chemical quality of the surface waters in the Loup River basin, Nebraska","docAbstract":"The Loup River and its tributaries transport moderate amounts of siliceous minerals from the sand hills region of north-central Nebraska to the Platte River near Columbus, Nebr. Predominant chemical characteristics of these waters are a high percentage of silica, moderate hardness, and a low percentage of sodium. The composition of the Loup River water is influenced by the geologic formations through which ground water, a major contributor to the flows of the Loup River branches, has percolated. \r\n\r\nInvestigation of water quality at or near proposed dam sites in the Loup River basin indicates that if soil and drainage conditions are favorable, the impounded water would be satisfactory for irrigation use.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir107","usgsCitation":"Connor, J.G., 1951, Progress report, chemical quality of the surface waters in the Loup River basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 107, i, 15 p. :ill., map, diagrs. (part fold.), tables ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir107.","productDescription":"i, 15 p. :ill., map, diagrs. (part fold.), tables ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31152,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65db22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, John G.","contributorId":34489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}