{"pageNumber":"1627","pageRowStart":"40650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":52433,"text":"ofr64148 - 1964 - Effect of increased pumping of ground water in the Fairfield-New Baltimore area, Ohio--A prediction by analog model study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr64148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-148","title":"Effect of increased pumping of ground water in the Fairfield-New Baltimore area, Ohio--A prediction by analog model study","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64148","usgsCitation":"Spieker, A.M., 1964, Effect of increased pumping of ground water in the Fairfield-New Baltimore area, Ohio--A prediction by analog model study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-148, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64148.","productDescription":"105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6255fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spieker, A. M.","contributorId":22824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spieker","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1021,"text":"wsp1536I - 1964 - Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51650,"text":"ofr5480 - 1954 - The \"slug test\" for estimating transmissibility","indexId":"ofr5480","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"The \"slug test\" for estimating transmissibility"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1021,"text":"wsp1536I - 1964 - Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown","indexId":"wsp1536I","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":51779,"text":"ofr54310 - 1954 - Estimating transmissibility from specific capacity","indexId":"ofr54310","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"title":"Estimating transmissibility from specific capacity"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1021,"text":"wsp1536I - 1964 - Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown","indexId":"wsp1536I","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1536I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1536","chapter":"I","title":"Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown","docAbstract":"If the Theis graphical method is used for determining the hydraulic constants of an aquifer under water-table conditions, the observed drawdowns should be corrected for the decrease in saturated thickness. This is especially true if the drawdown is a large fraction of the original saturated thickness, for then the computed coefficient of permeability is highly inaccurate if based on observed, rather than corrected, water levels. Wenzel's limiting formula, a modification of the Theis graphical method, is useful where u=r2s/4Tt is less than about 0.01. However, a shorter procedure for determination of the coefficient of transmissibility, as well as the coefficient of storage, consists of plotting the values of the corrected drawdowns against the values of the logarithm of r. \r\n\r\nWenzel (1942) suggested that observation wells be situated on lines that extend upgradient and downgradient from the pumped well. However, a detailed analysis of aquifer-test results indicates that such a restriction is unnecessary. The gradient method for determining permeability should yield the same results as the Thies method. The former, when applied for a distance within the range of applicability of the latter, is merely a duplication of effort or, at best, a crude check. Because of the limitations of accuracy in plotting, the gradient method is much less satisfactory. That Wenzel (1942) obtained identical results from the two methods is regarded as a coincidence. \r\n\r\nFailure to take into consideration the fact that the pumped well does not tap the full thickness of the aquifer leads to an apparent coefficient of permeability that is much too low, especially if the aquifer consists of stratified sediments. The average coefficient of permeability computed from uncorrected drawdowns may be only a little more than half of the true value.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1536I","usgsCitation":"Bentall, R., 1964, Methods of determining permeability, transmissibility and drawdown: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1536, vi, 99 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1536I.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1536i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25635,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1536i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bcc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bentall, Ray","contributorId":78711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentall","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2021,"text":"wsp1668 - 1964 - Sediment transported by Georgia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T09:16:21","indexId":"wsp1668","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1668","title":"Sediment transported by Georgia streams","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance investigation of the sediment transported by selected Georgia streams during the period December 1957 to June 1959 was made to provide a general understanding of the physical quality of stream water in Georgia and to supply facts needed in planning more detailed work. \r\n\r\nThe investigation was made by studying the variation of sediment concentration and sediment load with stream discharge at 33 sites and by relating the available data to topographic, geologic, climatic, and soil conditions in the State. In the Blue Ridge Mountains area of northern Georgia the great relief, moderately heavy precipitation, fast runoff, and loamy soils cause sediment concentrations and sediment loads which are above average for the State. During periods of moderate to low streamflow, the concentration of suspended sediment ranges from 1 to 25 ppm (parts per million). After heavy rainfall, sediment concentration increases rapidly as water discharge rises, and occasionally exceeds 1,000 ppm before decreasing again. The concentration may reach a maximum and decrease before the discharge peak is reached. A major part of the annual sediment load can be carried during a short period of time because of the great increase in both water discharge and sediment concentration during floods. The lower Coastal Plain differs from the mountainous areas in several respects. The topography is gently rolling to almost level, precipitation and runoff are less than average for the State, and topsoils generally consist of hard and loamy sand. Concentration of suspended sediment in streamflow commonly ranges from 1 to 20 ppm during periods of low to moderate discharge and increases to 15 to 60 ppm at high discharge. Because of the small increase in concentration with increasing stream discharge, the sediment load varies approximately in proportion to the discharge. \r\n\r\nThe sediment characteristics of streams in the Piedmont, the Valley and Ridge area. and the upper Coastal Plain are intermediate .between those of the Blue Ridge area and the lower Coastal Plain. \r\n\r\nComparison of suspended load with estimated bed load in a few Georgia streams suggests th.at bed load is less than 20 percent of the suspended load for most streams. \r\n\r\nFactors which appear to be most important in causing variation in sediment yield in Georgia are topographic relief, soil texture, and location of dams. Variations in other factors such as precipitation, runoff, covering vegetation, drainage area, and channel types serve to modify the effects of the major factors. \r\n\r\nIn general, Georgia stream water is of good quality. Water of some streams is of exceptionally fine quality and contains less than 30 ppm combined dissolved and suspended solids during at least 90 percent of the time. Knowledge of the nature and cause of variation in water quality will permit the most effective use of Georgia streams.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1668","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, V.C., 1964, Sediment transported by Georgia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1668, vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1668.","productDescription":"vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1668/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1668/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Vance C.","contributorId":102063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010470,"text":"70010470 - 1964 - Spalled, aerodynamically modified moldavite from Slavice, Moravia, Czechoslovakia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-11T16:46:58.218961","indexId":"70010470","displayToPublicDate":"1964-11-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spalled, aerodynamically modified moldavite from Slavice, Moravia, Czechoslovakia","docAbstract":"A Czechoslovakian tektite or moldavite shows clear, indirect evidence of aerodynamic ablation. This large tektite has the shape of a teardrop, with a strongly convex, deeply corroded, but clearly identifiable front and a planoconvex, relatively smooth, posterior surface. In spite of much erosion and corrosion, demarcation of the posterior and the anterior part of the specimen (the keel) is clearly preserved locally. This specimen provides the first tangible evidence that moldavites entered the atmosphere cold, probably at a velocity exceeding 5 kilometers per second; the result was selective heating of the anterior face and perhaps ablation during the second melting. This provides evidence of the extraterrestial origin of moldavites.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.146.3645.790","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Chao, E.C., 1964, Spalled, aerodynamically modified moldavite from Slavice, Moravia, Czechoslovakia: Science, v. 146, no. 3645, p. 790-791, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3645.790.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"790","endPage":"791","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Czech Republic","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              12.07683656894153,\n              51.37803979080644\n            ],\n            [\n              12.07683656894153,\n              48.516807647547694\n            ],\n            [\n              18.940933354965523,\n              48.516807647547694\n            ],\n            [\n              18.940933354965523,\n              51.37803979080644\n            ],\n            [\n              12.07683656894153,\n              51.37803979080644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"146","issue":"3645","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b940ee4b08c986b31a834","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, E. C. T.","contributorId":96713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221902,"text":"70221902 - 1964 - Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T12:29:50.126423","indexId":"70221902","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-14T07:27:05","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California","docAbstract":"<p>A well drilled for geothermal power near Salton Sea in Imperial Valley, Calif., is 5,232 feet deep; it is the deepest well in the world (1962) in a high-temperature hot spring area. In the lower half of the hole temperatures are too high to measure with available equipment, but are at loast 270°C, and may be as much as 370°C. For comparison, maximum temperature heretofore reported at depth (1962) for hot spring areas is 295°C.</p><p>The well taps a very saline brine of Na-Ca-K-Cl type (about 185,000 ppm Cl) with exceptionally high potassium, and with the highest content of minor alkali elements known for natural waters; Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, and some other metals are also exceptionally high. This brine may be connate, but present evidence favors a source in the magma chamber at depth that supplied late Quaternary rhyolite domes of the area. If the latter is correct, the brine is an undiluted magmatic water that is residual from the separation of a more volatile phase high in CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, and with some alkali halides. Elsewhere, the hypothesized volatile phase may account for near-surface hot spring activity of most thermal areas of volcanic association. The residual brine of high salinity may ordinarily remain relatively deep in the volcanic systems because of high specific gravity and low content of volatiles, seldom appearing at the surface except in a greatly diluted form.</p><p>The hot springs of Arima, Japan, may be a rare example of this type of magmatic water discharging at the surface in moderate concentration (Cl as much as 42,000 ppm). Independent evidence from fluid inclusions in minerals of high-temperature base-metal deposits also favors the existence of magmatic water high in Na, Ca, and Cl, and low in CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and other volatile components.</p><p>During a three-month production test several tons of material precipitated in the horizontal discharge pipe from the well. Amorphous silica with iron and manganese, and bornite are the dominant recognized components. This material contains the astonishingly high contents of about 20 percent copper, 2 percent silver, and notable sulfur, arsenic, bismuth, lead, antimony, and some other minor elements. Total quantities of all elements in the original whole brine are not yet known, but calculated amounts corresponding to 1 to 3 ppm of copper and 0.1 to 0.3 ppm of silver were precipitated from the brine to form the pipe deposits. The brine, therefore, may be man’s first sample of an « active » ore solution.</p><p>Equally fascinating to many geologists is the possibility that in the lower part of the hole temperatures are so high and pressures are sufficient for young sedimentary rocks to be undergoing transformation into rocks with mineral assemblages of the greenschist facies of metamorphism. Drill cores from 4,400 to 5,000 feet in depth contain chlorite, albite, K-feldspar, epidote, mica, and quartz, with some indication of increase in metamorphic grade downward. Regional geological and geophysical studies favor a depth of about 20,000 feet to pre-Tertiary basement rocks in the general area. A shallow basement or local upfaulting of old metamorphic rocks are not likely possibilities for the thermal area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02597534","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1964, Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 27, p. 369-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597534.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.16668701171875,\n              33.07082934859187\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.55145263671876,\n              33.07082934859187\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.55145263671876,\n              33.58259116393916\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16668701171875,\n              33.58259116393916\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16668701171875,\n              33.07082934859187\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221179,"text":"70221179 - 1964 - The father of modern ground water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:17:06.636524","indexId":"70221179","displayToPublicDate":"1964-04-01T12:14:32","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The father of modern ground water hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01749.x","usgsCitation":"Hackett, O.M., 1964, The father of modern ground water hydrology: Groundwater, v. 2, no. 2, p. 2-5, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1964.tb01749.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackett, O. M.","contributorId":38527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221131,"text":"70221131 - 1964 - Radioelement dispersion in a sedimentary environment and its effect on uranium exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T18:44:40.729852","indexId":"70221131","displayToPublicDate":"1964-03-01T13:40:47","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioelement dispersion in a sedimentary environment and its effect on uranium exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>radioelement<span>&nbsp;content of the major part of the southeast Texas Coastal Plain&nbsp;</span>sedimentary<span>&nbsp;sequence falls within&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;range common for sandstones and shales. Exceptions to the normal limit are mainly&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;small, widely scattered areas. One anomalous area, however, covers several tens of square miles and contains most of the important&nbsp;</span>uranium<span>&nbsp;deposits. Both mechanical and chemical&nbsp;</span>dispersion<span>&nbsp;of radioelements takes place&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the immediate vicinity of the ore deposits, though no attempt is made to extend this local&nbsp;</span>dispersion<span>&nbsp;model to the large, regional gamma radiation anomaly. It is suggested that the point-source concept for&nbsp;</span>sedimentary<span>&nbsp;</span>uranium<span>&nbsp;deposits is unrealistic and that conventional aeroradiometric survey grid spacing can be substantially enlarged without seriously reducing efficiency&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>uranium<span>&nbsp;</span>exploration<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.59.2.309","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R., 1964, Radioelement dispersion in a sedimentary environment and its effect on uranium exploration: Economic Geology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 309-321, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.59.2.309.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"southeast Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.84521484375,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.75732421875,\n              30.95876857077987\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.48193359375,\n              30.35391637229704\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.525390625,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.94287109375,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.119140625,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.84521484375,\n              29.76437737516313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221130,"text":"70221130 - 1964 - Radioelement dispersion in a sedimentary environment and its effect on uranium exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T12:06:39.460624","indexId":"70221130","displayToPublicDate":"1964-03-01T13:40:47","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioelement dispersion in a sedimentary environment and its effect on uranium exploration","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>radioelement<span>&nbsp;content of the major part of the southeast Texas Coastal Plain&nbsp;</span>sedimentary<span>&nbsp;sequence falls within&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;range common for sandstones and shales. Exceptions to the normal limit are mainly&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;small, widely scattered areas. One anomalous area, however, covers several tens of square miles and contains most of the important&nbsp;</span>uranium<span>&nbsp;deposits. Both mechanical and chemical&nbsp;</span>dispersion<span>&nbsp;of radioelements takes place&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the immediate vicinity of the ore deposits, though no attempt is made to extend this local&nbsp;</span>dispersion<span>&nbsp;model to the large, regional gamma radiation anomaly. It is suggested that the point-source concept for&nbsp;</span>sedimentary<span>&nbsp;</span>uranium<span>&nbsp;deposits is unrealistic and that conventional aeroradiometric survey grid spacing can be substantially enlarged without seriously reducing efficiency&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>uranium<span>&nbsp;</span>exploration<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.59.2.309","usgsCitation":"Moxham, R., 1964, Radioelement dispersion in a sedimentary environment and its effect on uranium exploration: Economic Geology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 309-321, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.59.2.309.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1964-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moxham, R.M.","contributorId":42234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moxham","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221183,"text":"70221183 - 1964 - Relation of temperature distribution to ground-water movement in carbonate rocks of central Israel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:34:58.608687","indexId":"70221183","displayToPublicDate":"1964-03-01T12:31:10","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of temperature distribution to ground-water movement in carbonate rocks of central Israel","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Cenomanian-Turonian formations of&nbsp;</span>central<span>&nbsp;</span>Israel<span>&nbsp;constitute a highly permeable dolomite and limestone aquifer.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;this area it is on the west limb of an anticlinorium that trends north-northeast, and it contains&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;under artesian pressure. A graph of&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;temperatures and well depths suggests that there is a very small vertical&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>&nbsp;gradient&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;local segments of the aquifer. The small gradient is believed to result from a large vertical component of flow that tends to equalize the vertical&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>&nbsp;</span>distribution<span>. On a regional scale the apparent horizontal&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>&nbsp;</span>distribution<span>&nbsp;indicates a westward increase with increasing depth of the aquifer, suggesting a manifestation of the regional geothermal gradient. The westward increase&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>&nbsp;also implies that the lateral component of flow may be&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the normal range for artesian&nbsp;</span>carbonate<span>-</span>rock<span>&nbsp;aquifers whose pores consist mainly of solution cavities. Locally, pumping appears to have affected the&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>&nbsp;</span>distribution<span>&nbsp;by modifying the natural flow pattern.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;parts of the most intensively developed area, the aquifer is hydraulically connected with overlying coastal-plain deposits, and some cooler&nbsp;</span>water<span>&nbsp;has been induced to move into the aquifer from this source. At three other areas, pumping has resulted&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;an apparent horizontal shift of the isotherms on a&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>-</span>distribution<span>&nbsp;map. The data suggest that the spatial&nbsp;</span>distribution<span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span>temperature<span>&nbsp;may be used to determine some of the flow characteristics of&nbsp;</span>carbonate<span>-</span>rock<span>&nbsp;aquifers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[209:ROTDTG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1964, Relation of temperature distribution to ground-water movement in carbonate rocks of central Israel: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, no. 3, p. 209-216, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[209:ROTDTG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"216","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.57373046875,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ],\n            [\n              35.430908203125,\n              33.100745405144245\n            ],\n            [\n              35.13427734375,\n              33.100745405144245\n            ],\n            [\n              34.1455078125,\n              31.372399104880525\n            ],\n            [\n              34.9365234375,\n              29.458731185355344\n            ],\n            [\n              35.595703125,\n              32.13840869677249\n            ],\n            [\n              35.57373046875,\n              33.284619968887675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000379,"text":"1000379 - 1964 - Status of the deepwater cisco population of Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-25T11:51:54","indexId":"1000379","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the deepwater cisco population of Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>The species and size composition and the abundance of the cisco (Leucichthys spp.) population of Lake Michigan have undergone drastic changes since the sea lamprey became established in the 1940's. The changes were measured by the catches of gill nets of identical specifications fished at the same seasons, depths, and locations in 1930-32, 1954-55, and 1960-61. The two largest ciscoes (johannae and nigripinnis), exploited heavily in a highly selective fishery from the midnineteenth century to the early 1900's, were only sparsely represented in the catch in the 1930's and were absent from catches of the comparison surveys in 1954-55 and 1960-61. The species of intermediate size (alpenae, artedi, kiyi, reighardi, and zenithicus) constituted about two-thirds of the cisco stocks of the deepwater zone in the 1930's but declined to 23.9 and 6.4 percent in the 1950's and 1960's, respectively. Major causes of change were the increased fishing pressure and sea lamprey predation that accompanied the disappearance of the lake trout. The small, slow-growing cisco (hoyi) - the primary food of lake trout - which was not fished intensively, and was too small to suffer greatly from sea lamprey predation, increased from 31.0 percent of the catch in the 1930's to 76.1 percent in the 1950's and 93.6 percent in the 1960's. Consequences of the extreme imbalance of the cisco population have been a reduction in mean size of all species, extension of the range of the very abundant hoyi (formerly most abundant in moderately shallow areas) to almost all depths and sections of the lake, and possibly introgressive hybridization among the various species. The primary change in the fishery has been a shift from gill nets to more extensive use of trawls which can take the now abundant smaller fish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[155:SOTDCP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1964, Status of the deepwater cisco population of Lake Michigan: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 93, no. 2, p. 155-163, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[155:SOTDCP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d5e4b07f02db549082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2404,"text":"wsp1749 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:27:13.54031","indexId":"wsp1749","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1749","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The area described in this report is in southwestern Minnesota, about 130 miles southwest of Minneapolis and St. Paul. It includes; Nobles County and the western tier of townships in Jackson County, a total of 864 square miles. Worthington, the Nobles County seat, is the largest city in the area, having a population of 9,015 persons (1960 census). Farming is the leading occupation, and food processing is the major industry. Critical water shortages have occurred in several parts of the area.</p>\n<p>The climate is characterized by mild, subhumid summers and relatively long, severe winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 15.1 &deg;F in January to 73.3 &deg;F in July. The mean annual precipitation is 26.75 inches.</p>\n<p>The crest of the Coteau des Prairies, a broad highland belt, traverses Nobles County from northwest to southeast. Three glacial end moraines and their associated ground moraines trend south to southeast across the area. Altitudes range from about 1,820 feet on the crest of the coteau in the northwestern part of the area to about 1,390 feet above mean sea level in the Jack and Okabena Creek valleys in the northeast.</p>\n<p>The Mississippi-Missouri River drainage divide crosses the area from north to east. The Gary outer end moraine trends southeast through central Nobles County. East of this moraine the land is poorly drained and contains numerous lakes and swamps; west of this moraine the land is well drained and contains few, if any, undrained depressions.</p>\n<p>Within the area, granite and Sioux Quartzite of Precambrian age are overlain by Cretaceous strata, except locally in the northeast and northwest parts of the area where the quartzite is directly overlain by glacial drift. The Cretaceous strata are composed of interbedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone. The surface of the area is composed of Pleistocene deposits of glacial drift and some thin, patchy deposits of Recent age. Bedrock is not known to crop out in the area. The drift ranges in thickness from about 150 feet in the southwest and northeast corners to about 500 feet on the highest part of the Coteau des Prairies.</p>\n<p>The Precambrian granite is not a source of ground water in this area. The Sioux Quartzite yields moderate supplies in adjacent counties to the north and west, but because of its sporadic occurrence it does not constitute an important water source in this area. The Cretaceous sandstone units are a secondary source of ground water and yield adequate supplies 'to at least 24 farm wells, which range in depth from 283 to 586 feet below land surface.</p>\n<p>The primary source of ground water in the Nobles-Jackson County area is the glacial drift. Buried outwash deposits supply water to 7 of the 10 municipalities and to most of the farms in the area. Two Worthington city wells, completed in a buried outwash deposit underlying East Okabena dry lake bed, were tested for short periods at 500 gallons per minute. The estimated coefficient of transmissibility for the aquifer at one of the wells was 70,000 gpd (gallons per day) per ft.</p>\n<p>The buried outwash deposits may occur anywhere within the drift from about 15 feet below land surface to bedrock which is as much as 500 feet below land surface. The outwash ranges from a fraction of a foot to more than 25 feet in thickness where permeable; below the water table it generally will supply ample quantities of water to properly constructed wells.</p>\n<p>Surflcial outwash deposits fill the valley bottoms and form the terrace deposits associated with the present-day drainage channels. The thicker, more extensive, and continuous deposits occur in the proglacial stream channels that drained the fronts of the ice sheets rather than in those channels that now drain the backs of the moraines. The surflcial outwash deposits generally are made up of sand, gravel and some silt and clay, and range in thickness from 0 to more than 60 feet; they range in width from a few feet in the narrow tributaries to about one mile in the larger stream valleys.</p>\n<p>Four municipalities and many farms obtain part or all of their water supplies from surficial outwash. An Adrian municipal well, completed in this source, was pumped at a rate of 400 gpm. At the confluence of two streams which drain Ocheda Lake in southeastern Nobles County, the sand and gravel section is more than 60 feet thick in places. Results of a pumping test here showed an average coefficient of transmissibility of 150,000 gpd per ft. Coefficients of transmissibility may be as much as 500,000 gdp per ft in the thickest part of the deposit if the permeability of the sand and gravel is uniform.</p>\n<p>Recharge to the surflcial outwash deposits is relatively rapid; it is slower to the buried outwash deposits where the descending water must percolate through till of low permeability before entering the aquifers.</p>\n<p>The quality of water in the Precambrian crystalline rocks, the Cretaceous strata, and the buried Pleistocene aquifers is poor. Chemical analyses of 22 water samples showed that dissolved solids ranged from 1,100 ppm (parts per million) to 3,050 ppm. Water from the surficial outwash deposits is good by comparison; dissolved solids in water from these aquifers ranged from 425 to 870 ppm.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1749","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Division of Waters, Minnesota Department of Conservation, and the city of Worthington","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R.F., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of Nobles County, and part of Jackson County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1749, Document: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 23.0 x 23.5 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1749.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 70 p.; 5 Plates: 23.0 x 23.5 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":28402,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28399,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415582,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24926.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28403,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28400,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28401,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1749/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Jackson County, Nobles County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.051,\n              43.847\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.051,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.336,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.336,\n              43.847\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.051,\n              43.847\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, Ralph F.","contributorId":65456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010550,"text":"70010550 - 1964 - Fused rock from Köfels, Tyrol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T14:44:24","indexId":"70010550","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3659,"text":"Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fused rock from Köfels, Tyrol","docAbstract":"<p><span>The vesicular glass from K&ouml;fels, Tyrol, contains grains of quartz that have been partially melted but not dissolved in the matrix glass. This phenomenon has been observed in similar glasses formed by friction along a thrust fault and by meteorite impact, but not in volcanic glasses. The explosion of a small nuclear device buried behind a steep slope produced a geologic structure that is a good small-scale model of that at K&ouml;fels. Impact of a large meteorite would have an effect analogous to that of a subsurface nuclear explosion and is the probable cause of the K&ouml;fels feature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01127777","issn":"00413763","usgsCitation":"Milton, D.J., 1964, Fused rock from Köfels, Tyrol: Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 86-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01127777.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204895,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01127777"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a142de4b0c8380cd5493d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milton, Daniel J.","contributorId":54963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1007574,"text":"1007574 - 1964 - 1,1' diacetyl-1,1'-dihydro-4,4' bipyridine and the yellow and colorless modifications of 1,1'-diacetyl-1,1',4,4'-tetrahydro-4,4' bipyridine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T21:58:33","indexId":"1007574","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2408,"text":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"1,1' diacetyl-1,1'-dihydro-4,4' bipyridine and the yellow and colorless modifications of 1,1'-diacetyl-1,1',4,4'-tetrahydro-4,4' bipyridine","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Organic Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/jo01031a016","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, A., Moore, D.W., Muha, G., and Highberg, K., 1964, 1,1' diacetyl-1,1'-dihydro-4,4' bipyridine and the yellow and colorless modifications of 1,1'-diacetyl-1,1',4,4'-tetrahydro-4,4' bipyridine: Journal of Organic Chemistry, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2175-2179, https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a016.","startPage":"2175","endPage":"2179","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268064,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a016"},{"id":130194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e55e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, A.T.","contributorId":62551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, D. W.","contributorId":93431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muha, G.M.","contributorId":78687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muha","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Highberg, K.","contributorId":90673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highberg","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2353,"text":"wsp1600 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water conditions of Clark County, Washington, with a description of a major alluvial aquifer along the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-23T21:07:44.77317","indexId":"wsp1600","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1600","title":"Geology and ground-water conditions of Clark County, Washington, with a description of a major alluvial aquifer along the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the populated parts of Clark County. Yields adequate for irrigation can be obtained from wells inmost farmed areas in Clark County, Wash. The total available supply is sufficient for all foreseeable irrigation developments. In a few local areas aquifers are fine-grained, and yields of individual wells are low. An enormous ground-water supply is available from a major alluvial aquifer underlying the flood plain of the Columbia River in the vicinity of Vancouver, Camas, and Washougal, where the aquifer is recharged, in part, by infiltration from the river. Yields of individual wells are large, ranging to as much as 4,000 gpm (gallons per minute). Clark County lies along the western flank of the Cascade Range. in the structural lowland (Willamette-Puget trough) between those mountains and the Coast Ranges to the west. The area covered by the report includes the urban, the suburban, and most of the agricultural lands in the county. These lands lie on a Series of nearly fiat plains and benches which rise steplike from the level of the Columbia River (a few feet above sea level) to about 800 feet above sea level. Clark County is-drained by the Columbia River (the trunk stream of the Pacific Northwest) and its tributaries. The Columbia River forms the southern and western boundaries of the county. Although the climate of the county is considered to be humid, the precipitation ranging from about 37 to more than 110 inches annually in various parts of the county, the unequal seasonal distribution (about 1.5 inches total for ;July and August in the agricultural area) makes irrigation highly desirable for most .crops and essential for some specialized crops. Consolidated rocks of Eocene to Miocene age, chiefly volcanic lava flows and pyroclastics but including some sedimentary strata, crop out in the foothills of the Cascades in the eastern part of the county and underlie the younger, unconsolidated rocks in the lowlands to the west At most places small to moderate quantities of water can be obtained from fractures in the older consolidated rocks. However, in the populated parts of the county, these rocks generally are overlain by considerable thicknesses of more permeable materials, and few wells have been drilled in them. Springs and dug wells yield an ample domestic supply at a number of outlying farms in the foothills. The younger (Pliocene to Recent) unconsolidated materials were deposited chiefly by streams in the basin formed by downwarping of the older rocks. However, some lake deposits and glacial drift also are included. The oldest unit of this group, the lower member of the Troutdale formation of Pliocene age, consists chiefly of clay, silt, and fine sand but includes lenses of coarser sand and, rarely, gravel. The maximum known thickness of the lower member of the Troutdale formation is about 660 feet. This unit is not a good aquifer because most of the strata are fine grained. However, at a few places drilled wells have penetrated lenses of coarser grained materials in these deposits and have obtained small to moderate amounts of water from them. The upper member of the Troutdale formation consists almost entirely of lightly to moderately cemented gravel, of which the most striking feature is the presence of a considerable percentage of quartzite pebbles. The average thickness of the upper member of the Troutdale may originally have been 300 to 400 feet. The member crops out over considerable areas in the county and, where conditions of topography and exposure are optimum, has beer very deeply weathered. It is suggested that the upper member of the Troutdale formation may prove to be of early Pleistocene age.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1600","usgsCitation":"Mundorff, M.J., 1964, Geology and ground-water conditions of Clark County, Washington, with a description of a major alluvial aquifer along the Columbia River: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1600, Report: vi, 268 p.; 3 Plates: 35.00 x 50.19 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1600.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 268 p.; 3 Plates: 35.00 x 50.19 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28281,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28280,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":28279,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414663,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24789.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":28282,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1600/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clark 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Maurice John","contributorId":41404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundorff","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52426,"text":"ofr64128 - 1964 - Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley, Baker County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T19:36:52.263227","indexId":"ofr64128","displayToPublicDate":"1964-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-128","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley, Baker County, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The Burnt River valley in southern Baker County, Oreg., is underlain by rocks that range in age from pre-Tertiary to Quaternary. The pre-Tertiary rocks consist mainly of argillites, schists, limestones, and intrusive igneous rocks, while the Tertiary rocks consist mainly of felsic and mafic volcanic tuffs, lava flows and breccias, and fluviolacustrine deposits. Quaternary rocks include terrace gravels of Pleistocene and Recent age, and stream-valley alluvium of Recent age. The rock units most widely exposed along the valley are the fluviolacustrine deposits of Miocene and Pliocene(?) age, which extend to depths of as much as a thousand feet below the valley floor, and the pre-Tertiary rocks.</p><p>Most of the rocks that underlie the valley are of relatively low permeability and yield only small to moderate quantities of water (generally less than 50 gpm) to wells. The fluviolacustrine deposits contain scattered lenses of relatively permeable sand and gravel, hut the unit as a whole is mainly silt and clay of low permeability. Two prospective irrigation wells in the area penetrated these deposits but were abandoned because of insufficient yield.</p><p>Perhaps the most permeable rock unit in the area is the Columbia River Basalt of Miocene and Pliocene(?) age. It is exposed extensively west of the main valley, but apparently occurs only' as discontinuous lenses beneath the valley floor.</p><p>Chemical analyses of water from seven wells in the area indicate that the ground waters have relatively large concentrations of dis-. solved mineral constituents. Water from two of the wells had excessive concentrations of boron and high sodium and salinity hazards with respect to use for irrigation.</p><p>Perhaps the most favorable site for a test irrigation well is about 8 to 10 miles east of Hereford, where the Columbia River Basalt apparently extends beneath, and is intercalated with, the fluviolacustrine deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Price, D., 1964, Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley, Baker County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-128, Report: 31 p.; 2 Figures: 29.69 x 29.91 inches and 36.75 x 20.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64128.","productDescription":"Report: 31 p.; 2 Figures: 29.69 x 29.91 inches and 36.75 x 20.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":497027,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0128/figure-2B.pdf","text":"Figure 2B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":497026,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0128/figure-2A.pdf","text":"Figure 2A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":497025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Baker County","otherGeospatial":"Burnt River 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,{"id":70221125,"text":"70221125 - 1964 - Origin of precambrian iron formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T17:51:31.990895","indexId":"70221125","displayToPublicDate":"1963-09-01T12:48:10","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of precambrian iron formations","docAbstract":"<p><span>A statistical study of the chemical composition of the&nbsp;</span>Precambrian<span>&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;of the Canadian Shield affords a new approach to the&nbsp;</span>origin<span>&nbsp;of these unusual&nbsp;</span>formations<span>. The average total&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;content of 2,200 samples from the literature and from unpublished mining company analyses is 26.7 percent Fe. The average Fe content for 16&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;in the United States and Canada ranges from 24.5 to 34.1 percent. Low contents of A1203, Ti02, P2O5, and CaO characterize the&nbsp;</span>Precambrian<span>&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;compared to the relatively large amounts of these constituents in the post-</span>Precambrian<span>&nbsp;</span>iron<span>-bearing sediments. The chemical data emphasize that whereas&nbsp;</span>iron<span>, manganese, and silica were transported and deposited together in the cherty&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;of the&nbsp;</span>Precambrian<span>, these same elements were chemically differentiated in younger geological time in large but separate deposits of&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;and silica. Isotopic age determinations indicate that cherty&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;were deposited during a long interval of geologic time from approximately 1,700 to 3,000 million years ago. A model is proposed to explain the&nbsp;</span>origin<span>&nbsp;of the&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;of the Lake Superior type based on the absence or marked deficiency of free oxygen in the atmosphere prior to the Late&nbsp;</span>Precambrian<span>. Lateritic weathering under these conditions permitted the transport of&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;and manganese together with silica. The weathered mantle effectively retained aluminum, titanium, phosphorus, and colloidal clay. Graphitic material of biogenic&nbsp;</span>origin<span>&nbsp;is closely associated with the&nbsp;</span>Precambrian<span>&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>. Although it is uncertain whether&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;was precipitated directly through biologic processes, the removal of C02 and the liberation of oxygen to the sea water through photosynthesis of primitive plants undoubtedly influenced the energy relationships among the&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;minerals. As a result of the variable conditions the&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;commonly are characterized by nonequilibrium mineral assemblages. In Late&nbsp;</span>Precambrian<span>&nbsp;time a critical level of free oxygen in the atmosphere was attained permitting a marked acceleration in plant growth and in accretion of oxygen. This stage in the development of an oxygenated atmosphere was reached at least 1,200 million years ago and effectively curtailed the development of cherty&nbsp;</span>iron<span>&nbsp;</span>formations<span>&nbsp;of the Lake Superior type.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.59.6.1025","usgsCitation":"Lepp, H., and Goldich, S., 1964, Origin of precambrian iron formations: Economic Geology, v. 59, no. 6, p. 1025-1060, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.59.6.1025.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1060","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1964-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lepp, H.","contributorId":259204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepp","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldich, S. S.","contributorId":65536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldich","given":"S. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70161192,"text":"70161192 - 1963 - Co-oxidation of the sulfur-containing amino acids in an autoxidizing lipid system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T10:57:40","indexId":"70161192","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-08T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2293,"text":"Journal of Food Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-oxidation of the sulfur-containing amino acids in an autoxidizing lipid system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oxidation of the sulfur amino acids by autoxidizing lipids was studied in a model system consisting of an amino acid dispersed in cold-pressed, molecularly distilled menhaden oil (20&ndash;80% w/w). Under all conditions investigated, cysteine was oxidized completely to cystine. Preliminary results suggest that at 110&deg;C the oxidation follows first-order kinetics for at least the first 8 hr. A specific reaction rate constant of 0.25 per hour was calculated. When fatty acids were added to the system, cystine was oxidized to its thiosulfinate ester. When the fatty acid-cystine ratio was 1:2, oxidation of cystine was a maximum. No oxidation of cystine occurred unless either a fatty acid, volatile organic acid, or ethanol was added. Under the conditions investigated, methionine was not oxidized to either its sulfoxide or its sulfone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2621.1963.tb00239.x","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G., and Dollar, A., 1963, Co-oxidation of the sulfur-containing amino acids in an autoxidizing lipid system: Journal of Food Science, v. 28, no. 5, p. 537-540, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1963.tb00239.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568cf73ee4b0e7a44bc0f13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary","contributorId":94244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":585143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dollar, A.M.","contributorId":150882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dollar","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":585144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039573,"text":"70039573 - 1963 - Use of hydrologic models in the analysis of flood runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"70039573","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:11:06","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":371,"text":"Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Use of hydrologic models in the analysis of flood runoff","docAbstract":"The analog technique is applied to the analysis of flood runoff. A quasi-linear analog model has been developed for simulating the runoff-producing characteristics of a drainage system. Where storage is linear a unique relationship correlating the inflow and outflow peaks is derived. The technique for synthesizing flood-frequency distribution is also discussed. It is found that a linear-basin system would not modify the type of probability distribution of its inflow, whereas a nonlinear-basin system would.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039573","usgsCitation":"Shen, J., 1963, Use of hydrologic models in the analysis of flood runoff: Monograph, vii, 52 p.; ill., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039573.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.; ill.","numberOfPages":"87","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261089,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039573/report.pdf"},{"id":261090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039573/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf28e4b08c986b3299b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shen, John","contributorId":34109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039538,"text":"70039538 - 1963 - A progress report on seismic model studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T11:22:54","indexId":"70039538","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":355,"text":"Crustal Studies Technical Letter","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"A progress report on seismic model studies","docAbstract":"The value of seismic-model studies as an aid to understanding wave propagation in the Earth's crust was recognized by early investigators (Tatel and Tuve, 1955). Preliminary model results were very promising, but progress in model seismology has been restricted by two problems: (1) difficulties in the development of models with continuously variable velocity-depth functions, and (2) difficulties in the construction of models of adequate size to provide a meaningful wave-length to layer-thickness ratio. The problem of a continuously variable velocity-depth function has been partly solved by a technique using two-dimensional plate models constructed by laminating plastic to aluminum, so that the ratio of plastic to aluminum controls the velocity-depth function (Healy and Press, 1960). These techniques provide a continuously variable velocity-depth function, but it is not possible to construct such models large enough to study short-period wave propagation in the crust. This report describes improvements in our ability to machine large models. Two types of models are being used: one is a cylindrical aluminum tube machined on a lathe, and the other is a large plate machined on a precision planer. Both of these modeling techniques give promising results and are a significant improvement over earlier efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70039538","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., and Mangan, G.B., 1963, A progress report on seismic model studies: Crustal Studies Technical Letter 15, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039538.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259557,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/tl/0015/tl0015.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":259554,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/misc/tl/0015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e511e4b0c8380cd46ae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangan, G. B.","contributorId":86035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5220320,"text":"5220320 - 1963 - A modification of the line intercept method of sampling understory vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T17:46:41.813658","indexId":"5220320","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:32","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A modification of the line intercept method of sampling understory vegetation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3895028","usgsCitation":"Ripley, T., Johnson, F., and Moore, W., 1963, A modification of the line intercept method of sampling understory vegetation: Journal of Range Management, v. 16, no. 1, p. 9-11, https://doi.org/10.2307/3895028.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ripley, T.H.","contributorId":45792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripley","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, F.M.","contributorId":78423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, W.H.","contributorId":70868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2744,"text":"wsp1536H - 1963 - Electric analog of three-dimensional flow to wells and its application to unconfined aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:34","indexId":"wsp1536H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1536","chapter":"H","title":"Electric analog of three-dimensional flow to wells and its application to unconfined aquifers","docAbstract":"Electric-analog design criteria are established from the differential equations of ground-water flow for analyzing pumping-test data. A convenient analog design was obtained by transforming the cylindrical equation of flow to a rectilinear form. The design criteria were applied in the construction of an electric analog, which was used for studying pumping-test data collected near Grand Island, Nebr. \r\n\r\nData analysis indicated (1) vertical flow components near pumping wells in unconfined aquifers may be much more significant in the control of water-table decline than radial flow components for as much as a day of pumping; (2) the specific yield during the first few minutes of pumping appears to be a very small fraction of that observed after pumping for more than 1 day; and (3) estimates of specific yield made from model studies seem much more sensitive to variations in assumed flow conditions than are estimates of permeability. Analysis of pumping-test data where vertical flow components are important requires that the degree of anisotropy be known. A procedure for computing anisotropy directly from drawdowns observed at five points was developed. Results obtained in the analog study emphasize the futility of calculating unconfined aquifer properties from pumping tests of short duration by means of equations based on the assumptions that vertical flow components are negligible and specific yield is constant.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1536H","usgsCitation":"Stallman, R., 1963, Electric analog of three-dimensional flow to wells and its application to unconfined aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1536, iv, 37 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1536H.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1536h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1536h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ede1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallman, Robert W.","contributorId":32903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallman","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":66799,"text":"i380 - 1963 - The Indian Ocean: The geology of its bordering lands and the configuration of its floor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T11:44:38","indexId":"i380","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"380","title":"The Indian Ocean: The geology of its bordering lands and the configuration of its floor","docAbstract":"<p>The ocean realm, which covers more than 70 percent of the earth's surface, contains vast areas that have scarcely been touched by exploration. The best known parts of the sea floor lie close to the borders of the continents, where numerous soundings have been charted as an aid to navigation. Yet, within this part of the sea floor, which constitutes a border zone between the toast and the ocean deeps, much more detailed information is needed about the character of the topography and geology. At many places, stratigraphic and structural features on the coast extend offshore, but their relationships to the rocks of the shelf and slope are unknown, and the geology of the coast must be projected seaward across the continental shelf and slope.</p><p>The Indian Ocean, the third largest ocean of the world, has been selected for intensive study by an international group using all modern techniques to determine its physical characteristics. This report, with accompanying illustrations, has been prepared as a very generalized account of some aspects of the geology of the vast coastal areas of the northern Indian Ocean in relation to the bordering shelves and ocean deeps. Its general purpose is to serve as background reading. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/i380","usgsCitation":"Pepper, J., and Everhart, G.M., 1963, The Indian Ocean: The geology of its bordering lands and the configuration of its floor: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 380, Report: 33 p; 1 Plate: 46.05 x 36.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i380.","productDescription":"Report: 33 p; 1 Plate: 46.05 x 36.57 inches","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0380/report.pdf","size":"2617","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":115187,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0380/plate-1.pdf","size":"9321","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0380/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1365000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pepper, James F.","contributorId":10086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pepper","given":"James F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everhart, Gail M.","contributorId":42640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everhart","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23477,"text":"ofr6363 - 1963 - Modified Parshall flume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-01T15:19:18","indexId":"ofr6363","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-63","title":"Modified Parshall flume","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Hydrologic Laboratory,","doi":"10.3133/ofr6363","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, Modified Parshall flume: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-63, 6 p. ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6363.","productDescription":"6 p. ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":275867,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0063/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1009,"text":"wsp1579 - 1963 - Progress report on the ground-water resources of the Louisville area, Kentucky, 1949-55","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1579","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1579","title":"Progress report on the ground-water resources of the Louisville area, Kentucky, 1949-55","docAbstract":"In the Louisville area, the principal water-bearing formations are the glacial-outwash sand and gravel and, in places, the underlying limestone. During the period 1949 through 1955 pumpage from the two aquifers averaged about 30 mgd (million gallons per day). The pumpage was approximately in balance with the normal net recharge to the area but was only about 8 percent of the estimated potential supply of ground water, including induced infiltration from the river. In the Louisville area, ground water is used chiefly for air conditioning and for industrial cooling. In the part of the area southwest of the city, ground water is used also for public supply. \r\n\r\nHigh ground-water levels in 1937 resulted from the greatest flood of record. Subsequently, water levels generally declined in the entire Louisville area. In downtown Louisville, where ground water is used for air conditioning, the water level fluctuates seasonally in response to variations in the rate of pumping. In the heavily pumped industrial areas, where ground water is used for cooling, water-level fluctuations correlate with changes in rates of pumping caused by variations in production schedules. Levels were lowest during the years of World War II. During the period 1952-55, relatively low levels throughout the area reflected the effects of less than normal rainfall, summer drought, and sustained pumping. \r\n\r\nGround water in the Louisville area is very hard and generally of the calcium bicarbonate or calcium sulfate type. It is high in iron and sulfate content but is moderately low in chloride content. In water of the sand and gravel aquifer, the concentration of sulfate has increased gradually during the period 1949-54.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1579","usgsCitation":"Bell, E., Kellogg, R.W., and Kulp, W.K., 1963, Progress report on the ground-water resources of the Louisville area, Kentucky, 1949-55: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1579, iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. + separate portfolio with plates., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1579.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm. + separate portfolio with plates.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25589,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25590,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25591,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25592,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25593,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25594,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25595,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25596,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25597,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25598,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25599,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25600,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25601,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25602,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25603,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1579/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dbab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, Edwin A.","contributorId":96660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Edwin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Robert W.","contributorId":61793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulp, Willis K.","contributorId":8076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Willis","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1371,"text":"wsp1655 - 1963 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55768,"text":"ofr5746 - 1957 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman county, Washington","indexId":"ofr5746","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman county, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1371,"text":"wsp1655 - 1963 - Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","indexId":"wsp1655","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1655","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1655","title":"Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of an investigation of the ground-water resources of the Pullman area, Whitman County, Wash. The investigation war made in cooperation with the State of Washington, Department of Conservation, Division of Water Resources, to determine whether the 1959 rate of ground-water withdrawal exceeded the perennial yield of the developed aquifers, and if so, (1) whether additional aquifers could be developed in the area, and (2) whether the yield of the developed aquifers could be increased by artificial recharge. The Pullman area includes the agricultural district surrounding the city of Pullman, in southeastern Whitman County, and the western two-thirds of the Moscow-Pullman basin, which extends into Latah County, Idaho. The mapped area comprises shout 250 square miles. \r\n\r\nThe area is in a region of smooth rolling hills formed by erosion of thick deposits of loess, which cover a dissected lava plain. The loess (Palouse formation of Pleistocene age) ranges in thickness from less than 1 foot to more than 150 feet. The underlying lava flows, part of the Columbia River basalt of Tertiary age, are nearly horizontal and form bluffs and low cliffs along the major streams. The total thickness of the basalt sequence in the area is not known, but it may be considerably greater than 1,000 feet beneath the city of Pullman. The basalt sequence is underlain by a basement mass of granite, granite gneiss, and quartzite, of pre-Tertiary age. \r\n\r\nThe most productive aquifers in the area are in the Columbia River basalt. They consist of the permeable zones, commonly occurring at the tops of individual lava flows, which may contain ground water under either artesian or water-table conditions. Two such permeable zones have produced more than 95 percent of the ground water used in the Pullman area, or as much as 870 million gallons per year (1957). These two zones are hydraulically connected and lie at depths ranging from about 50 to 170 feet below the land surface at Pullman. The area receives about 21 inches of precipitation annually, about two-thirds of it from October through March. 0nly a fraction of the precipitation reaches the aquifers; the remainder is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration or leaves the area as surface runoff. The basalt is recharged mainly by infiltration from streams and downward percolation from the overlying loess. \r\n\r\nThe ground water moves generally westward. However, most water in the artesian aquifers tapped by wells in the vicinity of Pullman may move toward the city of Pullman, which is the center of major pumping. The rate of movement ranges from extremely slow in the loess and the massive basalt to very rapid in the permeable zones of basalt. The principal modes of discharge from the artesian aquifers are seepage to streams and pumpage from wells. The amount of natural discharge is unknown, but the pumpage ranged from about 340 to 870 million gallons per year, and during 1949-59 it averaged about 800 million gallons (2,500 ac-ft) per year. For about the last 25 years at least, the piezometric surface of the artesian zones has declined each year, indicating that the annual ground-water discharge from the artesian aquifers (including pumpage and natural discharge) has exceeded the recharge in the Pullman area. An analysis of the relation of pumpage to the decline in artesian level indicates that during 1952-59 an average of about 65 million gallons per year was removed from storage. Although the decline in artesian pressures has resulted in an increase in the recharge to the aquifers, the present rate of pumping may be equal to or even exceed the perennial yield of the artesian aquifer in the report area under natural conditions. \r\n\r\nGeologic and hydrologic conditions seem favorable for the existence of potentially good aquifers below those which are now extensively developed. The deep aquifers seem to have only a slight hydraulic connection with the overlying artesian basalt ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1655","usgsCitation":"Foxworthy, B., and Washburn, R., 1963, Ground water in the Pullman area, Whitman County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1655, iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1655.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110001,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24847.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24847"},{"id":137288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26462,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26463,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26464,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26465,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1655/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d89c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxworthy, B. L.","contributorId":45686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxworthy","given":"B. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Washburn, R.L.","contributorId":89114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Washburn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}