{"pageNumber":"163","pageRowStart":"4050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70155203,"text":"70155203 - 2013 - Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T10:39:18","indexId":"70155203","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exploration of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as impermeable shale basins through the use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has changed the energy landscape in the USA providing a vast new energy source. The accelerated production of natural gas has triggered a debate concerning the safety and possible environmental impacts of these operations. This study investigates one of the critical aspects of the environmental effects; the possible degradation of water quality in shallow aquifers overlying producing shale formations. The geochemistry of domestic groundwater wells was investigated in aquifers overlying the Fayetteville Shale in north-central Arkansas, where approximately 4000 wells have been drilled since 2004 to extract unconventional natural gas. Monitoring was performed on 127 drinking water wells and the geochemistry of major ions, trace metals, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;gas content and its C isotopes (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>), and select isotope tracers (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B,&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr, &delta;</span><sup>2</sup><span>H, &delta;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O, &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>DIC</sub><span>) compared to the composition of flowback-water samples directly from Fayetteville Shale gas wells. Dissolved CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;was detected in 63% of the drinking-water wells (32 of 51 samples), but only six wells exceeded concentrations of 0.5&nbsp;mg CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>/L. The &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>&nbsp;of dissolved CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;ranged from &minus;42.3&permil; to &minus;74.7&permil;, with the most negative values characteristic of a biogenic source also associated with the highest observed CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, with a possible minor contribution of trace amounts of thermogenic CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>. The majority of these values are distinct from the reported thermogenic composition of the Fayetteville Shale gas (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>CH4</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;35.4&permil; to &minus;41.9&permil;). Based on major element chemistry, four shallow groundwater types were identified: (1) low (&lt;100&nbsp;mg/L) total dissolved solids (TDS), (2) TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Ca&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;dominated, (3) TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Na&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>dominated, and (4) slightly saline groundwater with TDS&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;100&nbsp;mg/L and Cl&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;20&nbsp;mg/L with elevated Br/Cl ratios (&gt;0.001). The Sr (</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.7097&ndash;0.7166), C (&delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C</span><sub>DIC</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;21.3&permil; to &minus;4.7&permil;), and B (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.9&ndash;32.9&permil;) isotopes clearly reflect water&ndash;rock interactions within the aquifer rocks, while the stable O and H isotopic composition mimics the local meteoric water composition. Overall, there was a geochemical gradient from low-mineralized recharge water to more evolved Ca&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and higher-mineralized Na&ndash;HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;composition generated by a combination of carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and reverse base-exchange reactions. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the bulk shallow groundwater samples were distinct from the Na&ndash;Cl type Fayetteville flowback/produced waters (TDS &sim;10,000&ndash;20,000&nbsp;mg/L). Yet, the high Br/Cl variations in a small subset of saline shallow groundwater suggest that they were derived from dilution of saline water similar to the brine in the Fayetteville Shale. Nonetheless, no spatial relationship was found between CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and salinity occurrences in shallow drinking water wells with proximity to shale-gas drilling sites. The integration of multiple geochemical and isotopic proxies shows no direct evidence of contamination in shallow drinking-water aquifers associated with natural gas extraction from the Fayetteville Shale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","usgsCitation":"Warner, N., Kresse, T.M., Hays, P.D., Down, A., Karr, J.D., Jackson, R., and Vengosh, A., 2013, Geochemical and isotopic variations in shallow groundwater in areas of the Fayetteville Shale development, north-central Arkansas: Applied Geochemistry, v. 35, p. 207-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044825","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.04.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090aee4b033ef5210429b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Nathaniel R.","contributorId":56129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Nathaniel R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Phillip D. 0000-0001-5491-9272 pdhays@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5491-9272","contributorId":4145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Phillip","email":"pdhays@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Down, Adrian","contributorId":96175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Down","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Karr, Jonathan D.","contributorId":146281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karr","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vengosh, Avner","contributorId":21842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vengosh","given":"Avner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70048367,"text":"70048367 - 2013 - Climate downscaling effects on predictive ecological models: a case study for threatened and endangered vertebrates in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-24T10:20:54","indexId":"70048367","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T10:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3242,"text":"Regional Environmental Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate downscaling effects on predictive ecological models: a case study for threatened and endangered vertebrates in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"High-resolution (downscaled) projections of future climate conditions are critical inputs to a wide variety of ecological and socioeconomic models and are created using numerous different approaches. Here, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of spatial predictions from climate envelope models for threatened and endangered vertebrates in the southeastern United States to determine whether two different downscaling approaches (with and without the use of a regional climate model) affect climate envelope model predictions when all other sources of variation are held constant. We found that prediction maps differed spatially between downscaling approaches and that the variation attributable to downscaling technique was comparable to variation between maps generated using different general circulation models (GCMs). Precipitation variables tended to show greater discrepancies between downscaling techniques than temperature variables, and for one GCM, there was evidence that more poorly resolved precipitation variables contributed relatively more to model uncertainty than more well-resolved variables. Our work suggests that ecological modelers requiring high-resolution climate projections should carefully consider the type of downscaling applied to the climate projections prior to their use in predictive ecological modeling. The uncertainty associated with alternative downscaling methods may rival that of other, more widely appreciated sources of variation, such as the general circulation model or emissions scenario with which future climate projections are created.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional Environmental Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10113-012-0389-z","usgsCitation":"Bucklin, D.N., Watling, J., Speroterra, C., Brandt, L., Mazzotti, F., and Romañach, S., 2013, Climate downscaling effects on predictive ecological models: a case study for threatened and endangered vertebrates in the southeastern United States: Regional Environmental Change, v. 13, no. 1 Suppl., p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0389-z.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-040975","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278024,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0389-z"},{"id":278025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Florida;Georgia;Mississippi;South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,25.0 ], [ -90.0,35.0 ], [ -75.0,35.0 ], [ -75.0,25.0 ], [ -90.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"1 Suppl.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5242b462e4b096ee624641dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bucklin, David N.","contributorId":44812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucklin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watling, James I.","contributorId":101963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watling","given":"James I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speroterra, Carolina","contributorId":54089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speroterra","given":"Carolina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":18608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura A.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":484446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S.","contributorId":76064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047845,"text":"70047845 - 2013 - Magma mixing and the generation of isotopically juvenile silicic magma at Yellowstone caldera inferred from coupling <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages with trace elements and Hf and O isotopes in zircon and Pb isotopes in sanidine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T08:54:05","indexId":"70047845","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T08:46:10","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma mixing and the generation of isotopically juvenile silicic magma at Yellowstone caldera inferred from coupling <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages with trace elements and Hf and O isotopes in zircon and Pb isotopes in sanidine","docAbstract":"The nature of compositional heterogeneity within large silicic magma bodies has important implications for how silicic reservoirs are assembled and evolve through time. We examine compositional heterogeneity in the youngest (~170 to 70 ka) post-caldera volcanism at Yellowstone caldera, the Central Plateau Member (CPM) rhyolites, as a case study. We compare <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th age, trace-element, and Hf isotopic data from zircons, and major-element, Ba, and Pb isotopic data from sanidines hosted in two CPM rhyolites (Hayden Valley and Solfatara Plateau flows) and one extracaldera rhyolite (Gibbon River flow), all of which erupted near the caldera margin ca. 100 ka. The Hayden Valley flow hosts two zircon populations and one sanidine population that are consistent with residence in the CPM reservoir. The Gibbon River flow hosts one zircon population that is compositionally distinct from Hayden Valley flow zircons. The Solfatara Plateau flow contains multiple sanidine populations and all three zircon populations found in the Hayden Valley and Gibbon River flows, demonstrating that the Solfatara Plateau flow formed by mixing extracaldera magma with the margin of the CPM reservoir. This process highlights the dynamic nature of magmatic interactions at the margins of large silicic reservoirs. More generally, Hf isotopic data from the CPM zircons provide the first direct evidence for isotopically juvenile magmas contributing mass to the youngest post-caldera magmatic system and demonstrate that the sources contributing magma to the CPM reservoir were heterogeneous in <sup>176</sup>Hf/<sup>177</sup>Hf at ca. 100 ka. Thus, the limited compositional variability of CPM glasses reflects homogenization occurring within the CPM reservoir, not a homogeneous source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-013-0893-2","usgsCitation":"Stelten, M., Cooper, K.M., Vazquez, J.A., Reid, M.R., Barfod, G.H., Wimpenny, J., and Yin, Q., 2013, Magma mixing and the generation of isotopically juvenile silicic magma at Yellowstone caldera inferred from coupling <sup>238</sup>U–<sup>230</sup>Th ages with trace elements and Hf and O isotopes in zircon and Pb isotopes in sanidine: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 166, no. 2, p. 587-613, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0893-2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"613","ipdsId":"IP-048831","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277047,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0893-2"},{"id":277048,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00410-013-0893-2"},{"id":277073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,44.1324 ], [ -111.156,44.1324 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"166","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1beae4b0f8bf2b076140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelten, Mark E.","contributorId":58544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelten","given":"Mark E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Kari M.","contributorId":32814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reid, Mary R.","contributorId":11925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barfod, Gry H.","contributorId":59331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfod","given":"Gry","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wimpenny, Josh","contributorId":35223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpenny","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yin, Qing-Zhu","contributorId":23833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Qing-Zhu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70187700,"text":"70187700 - 2013 - Modeling spatially explicit fire impact on gross primary production in interior Alaska using satellite images coupled with eddy covariance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T14:37:25","indexId":"70187700","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling spatially explicit fire impact on gross primary production in interior Alaska using satellite images coupled with eddy covariance","docAbstract":"<p><span>In interior Alaska, wildfires change gross primary production (GPP) after the initial disturbance. The impact of fires on GPP is spatially heterogeneous, which is difficult to evaluate by limited point-based comparisons or is insufficient to assess by satellite vegetation index. The direct prefire and postfire comparison is widely used, but the recovery identification may become biased due to interannual climate variability. The objective of this study is to propose a method to quantify the spatially explicit GPP change caused by fires and succession. We collected three Landsat images acquired on 13 July 2004, 5 August 2004, and 6 September 2004 to examine the GPP recovery of burned area from 1987 to 2004. A prefire Landsat image acquired in 1986 was used to reconstruct satellite images assuming that the fires of 1987–2004 had not occurred. We used a light-use efficiency model to estimate the GPP. This model was driven by maximum light-use efficiency (E</span><sub>max</sub><span>) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (F</span><sub>PAR</sub><span>). We applied this model to two scenarios (i.e., an actual postfire scenario and an assuming-no-fire scenario), where the changes in E</span><sub>max</sub><span> and F</span><sub>PAR</sub><span> were taken into account. The changes in E</span><sub>max</sub><span> were represented by the change in land cover of evergreen needleleaf forest, deciduous broadleaf forest, and shrub/grass mixed, whose E</span><sub>max</sub><span> was determined from three fire chronosequence flux towers as 1.1556, 1.3336, and 0.5098&nbsp;gC/MJ PAR. The changes in F</span><sub>PAR</sub><span> were inferred from NDVI change between the actual postfire NDVI and the reconstructed NDVI. After GPP quantification for July, August, and September 2004, we calculated the difference between the two scenarios in absolute and percent GPP changes. Our results showed rapid recovery of GPP post-fire with a 24% recovery immediately after burning and 43% one year later. For the fire scars with an age range of 2–17&nbsp;years, the recovery rate ranged from 54% to 95%. In addition to the averaging, our approach further revealed the spatial heterogeneity of fire impact on GPP, allowing one to examine the spatially explicit GPP change caused by fires.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.003","usgsCitation":"Huang, S., Liu, H., Dahal, D., Jin, S., Welp, L.R., Liu, J., and Liu, S., 2013, Modeling spatially explicit fire impact on gross primary production in interior Alaska using satellite images coupled with eddy covariance: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 135, p. 178-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"188","ipdsId":"IP-045013","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3ae4b0a7fdb43c8c03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Shengli shuang@usgs.gov","contributorId":1926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Shengli","email":"shuang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":695166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Heping","contributorId":117909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Heping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jin, Suming 0000-0001-9919-8077 sjin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-8077","contributorId":4397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Suming","email":"sjin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welp, Lisa R.","contributorId":192025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welp","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70046371,"text":"70046371 - 2013 - Estimating age ratios and size of Pacific walrus herds on coastal haulouts using video imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:48:39","indexId":"70046371","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-31T21:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age ratios and size of Pacific walrus herds on coastal haulouts using video imaging","docAbstract":"During Arctic summers, sea ice provides resting habitat for Pacific walruses as it drifts over foraging areas in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Climate-driven reductions in sea ice have recently created ice-free conditions in the Chukchi Sea by late summer causing walruses to rest at coastal haulouts along the Chukotka and Alaska coasts, which provides an opportunity to study walruses at relatively accessible locations. Walrus age can be determined from the ratio of tusk length to snout dimensions. We evaluated use of images obtained from a gyro-stabilized video system mounted on a helicopter flying at high altitudes (to avoid disturbance) to classify the sex and age of walruses hauled out on Alaska beaches in 2010–2011. We were able to classify 95% of randomly selected individuals to either an 8- or 3-category age class, and we found measurement-based age classifications were more repeatable than visual classifications when using images presenting the correct head profile. Herd density at coastal haulouts averaged 0.88 walruses/m<sup>2</sup> (std. err. = 0.02), herd size ranged from 8,300 to 19,400 (CV 0.03–0.06) and we documented ~30,000 animals along ~1 km of beach in 2011. Within the herds, dependent walruses (0–2 yr-olds) tended to be located closer to water, and this tendency became more pronounced as the herd spent more time on the beach. Therefore, unbiased estimation of herd age-ratios will require a sampling design that allows for spatial and temporal structuring. In addition, randomly sampling walruses available at the edge of the herd for other purposes (e.g., tagging, biopsying) will not sample walruses with an age structure representative of the herd. Sea ice losses are projected to continue, and population age structure data collected with aerial videography at coastal haulouts may provide demographic information vital to ongoing efforts to understand effects of climate change on this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0069806","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Udevitz, M.S., and Jay, C.V., 2013, Estimating age ratios and size of Pacific walrus herds on coastal haulouts using video imaging: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069806.","ipdsId":"IP-045689","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069806","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277133,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069806"}],"country":"United States","volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52206d61e4b0645fc25e8c2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046566,"text":"70046566 - 2013 - Species- and community-level responses combine to drive phenology of lake phytoplankton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T14:16:14","indexId":"70046566","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-30T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species- and community-level responses combine to drive phenology of lake phytoplankton","docAbstract":"Global change is leading to shifts in the seasonal timing of growth and maturation for primary producers. Remote sensing is increasingly used to measure the timing of primary production in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, but there is often a poor correlation between these results and direct observations of life-history responses of individual species. One explanation may be that in addition to phenological shifts, global change is also causing shifts in community composition among species with different seasonal timing of growth and maturation. We quantified how shifts in species phenology and in community composition translated into phenological change in a diverse phytoplankton community from 1962-2000. During this time the aggregate community spring-summer phytoplankton peak has shifted 63 days earlier. The mean taxon shift was only 3 days earlier and shifts in taxa phenology explained only 40% of the observed community phenological shift. The remaining community shift was attributed to dominant early season taxa increasing in abundance while a dominant late season taxon decreased in abundance. In diverse producer communities experiencing multiple stressors, changes in species composition must be considered to fully understand and predict shifts in the seasonal timing of primary production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/13-0445.1","usgsCitation":"Walters, A., Sagrario, M.D., and Schindler, D.E., 2013, Species- and community-level responses combine to drive phenology of lake phytoplankton: Ecology, v. 94, no. 10, p. 2188-2194, https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0445.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2188","endPage":"2194","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-043973","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0445.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275578,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0445.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lake Washington","volume":"94","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8d25ae4b0cecbe8fa9838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Annika","contributorId":56133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sagrario, Maria de los Angeles Gonzalez","contributorId":62107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sagrario","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"de los Angeles Gonzalez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel E.","contributorId":83485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044756,"text":"70044756 - 2013 - Mapping wildfire burn severity in the Arctic Tundra from downsampled MODIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T09:42:50","indexId":"70044756","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping wildfire burn severity in the Arctic Tundra from downsampled MODIS data","docAbstract":"Wildfires are historically infrequent in the arctic tundra, but are projected to increase with climate warming. Fire effects on tundra ecosystems are poorly understood and difficult to quantify in a remote region where a short growing season severely limits ground data collection. Remote sensing has been widely utilized to characterize wildfire regimes, but primarily from the Landsat sensor, which has limited data acquisition in the Arctic. Here, coarse-resolution remotely sensed data are assessed as a means to quantify wildfire burn severity of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire in Alaska, the largest tundra wildfire ever recorded on Alaska's North Slope. Data from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and downsampled Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were processed to spectral indices and correlated to observed metrics of surface, subsurface, and comprehensive burn severity. Spectral indices were strongly correlated to surface severity (maximum R2 = 0.88) and slightly less strongly correlated to substrate severity. Downsampled MODIS data showed a decrease in severity one year post-fire, corroborating rapid vegetation regeneration observed on the burned site. These results indicate that widely-used spectral indices and downsampled coarse-resolution data provide a reasonable supplement to often-limited ground data collection for analysis and long-term monitoring of wildfire effects in arctic ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)","doi":"10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64","usgsCitation":"Kolden, C.A., and Rogan, J., 2013, Mapping wildfire burn severity in the Arctic Tundra from downsampled MODIS data: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 45, no. 1, p. 64-76, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"76","ipdsId":"IP-018916","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275509,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-45.1.64"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.3861,68.8704 ], [ -151.3861,69.311 ], [ -149.7285,69.311 ], [ -149.7285,68.8704 ], [ -151.3861,68.8704 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d6e4b02e26443a932d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolden, Crystal A.","contributorId":98610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolden","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogan, John","contributorId":83008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047273,"text":"70047273 - 2013 - Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T17:03:04.804013","indexId":"70047273","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-29T13:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene <i>Montastraea faveolata</i> specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park","title":"Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park","docAbstract":"<p>Sr/Ca ratios from skeletal samples from two <i>Montastraea faveolata</i> corals (one modern, one Holocene, ~6 Ka) from the Dry Tortugas National Park were measured as a proxy for sea-surface temperature (SST). We sampled coral specimens with a computer-driven triaxial micromilling machine, which yielded an average of 15 homogenous samples per annual growth increment. We regressed Sr/Ca values from resulting powdered samples against a local SST record to obtain a calibration equation of Sr/Ca = -0.0392 SST + 10.205, R = -0.97. The resulting calibration was used to generate a 47-year modern (1961-2008) and a 7-year Holocene (~6 Ka) Sr/Ca subannually resolved proxy record of SST. The modern <i>M. faveolata</i> yields well-defined annual Sr/Ca cycles ranging in amplitude from ~0.3 and 0.5 mmol/mol. The amplitude of ~0.3 to 0.5 mmol/mol equates to a 10-15&deg;C seasonal SST amplitude, which is consistent with available local instrumental records. Summer maxima proxy SSTs calculated from the modern coral Sr/ Ca tend to be fairly stable: most SST maxima from 1961&ndash;2008 are 29&deg;C &plusmn; 1&deg;C. In contrast, winter minimum SST calculated in the 47-year modern time-series are highly variable, with a cool interval in the early to mid-1970s. The Holocene (~6 Ka) <i>Montastraea faveolata</i> coral also yields distinct annual Sr/Ca cycles with amplitudes ranging from ~0.3 to 0.6 mmol/mol. Absolute Sr/Ca values and thus resulting SST estimates over the ~7-year long record are similar to those from the modern coral. We conclude that Sr/Ca from <i>Montastraea faveolata</i> has high potential for developing subannually resolved Holocene SST records.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/SI63-003.1","usgsCitation":"Flannery, J.A., and Poore, R.Z., 2013, Sr/Ca proxy sea-surface temperature reconstructions from modern and holocene Montastraea faveolata specimens from the Dry Tortugas National Park: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 63, no. SP1, p. 20-31, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI63-003.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034337","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.76726792345106,\n              24.668847526359244\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7662420584935,\n              24.702403637588674\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.80112146703877,\n              24.725701175795734\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86369922942924,\n              24.72476935798862\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90165623284628,\n              24.71731456433045\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96731159010801,\n              24.652066084419502\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96628572515093,\n              24.564393037813716\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8944751781457,\n              24.565326053015824\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79906973712458,\n              24.612900615057384\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7662420584935,\n              24.66791528323482\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76726792345106,\n              24.668847526359244\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"SP1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f780d7e4b02e26443a9339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flannery, Jennifer A. 0000-0002-1692-2662 jflannery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-2662","contributorId":4317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flannery","given":"Jennifer","email":"jflannery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118374,"text":"70118374 - 2013 - K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T15:47:23","indexId":"70118374","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-28T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity","docAbstract":"<p>Nanometric (<0.02, 0.02–0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2 μm) illite fractions were separated from K-bentonite samples from northwestern Georgia, and studied by X-ray diffraction, oxygen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry, and K-Ar dated to more tightly constrain the tectono-thermal history of the Appalachian orogeny. Their XRD patterns are very similar for a given sample with respect to the peak shapes and positions. They are ordered illite-smectite mixed layers with only small variations in the relative proportions of illite and smectite interlayers. The illite crystal thickness distributions also are very homogeneous across the various size fractions of the same sample, but crystallite thickness varies from sample to sample. It can be concluded from the α-β<sup>2</sup> diagram that illitization occurred in all fractions by simultaneous nucleation and crystal growth, except for one sample. In that sample, a period of growth without nucleation was detected on top of the nucleation and growth episode.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The K-Ar ages organize into two isochrons, the first at 319.9 ± 2.0 Ma with an initial <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar ratio of 271 ± 66 Ma, and the second at 284.9 ± 1.2 Ma with an initial <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar ratio of 310 ± 44. One data point above the older isochron and three between the two isochrons suggest a detrital contamination for the former separate and a possible further generation of nanoparticles for the three others. The samples with the older crystallization age consist of illite and illite-rich mixed-layers, and those with the younger age contain smectite-rich mixed-layers without illite, or illite-enriched illite-smectite mixed-layers. The K-Ar ages fit the age trends published previously for similar K-bentonites with regional age patterns between 240 and 270 Ma in the southwestern region, between 270 and 300 Ma in the central zone and the southern Appalachians, and between 315 and 370 Ma in the northernmost.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Each of the two generations of illite crystals yields very consistent δ<sup>18</sup>O (V-SMOW) values at 17 ± 1‰ for the older and at 21 ± 1‰ for the younger. If crystallization temperatures of the nanometric illite were between 100 and 200 °C, as suggested by microthermometric determinations, the hydrothermal fluids had δ<sup>18</sup>O values of 4 ± 1‰ in the Dalton district and of 8 ± 1‰ in the Lafayette, Trenton, and Dirtseller districts at 100 °C, and of 11 ± 1 and 15 ± 1‰ in the same locations at 200 °C, probably because the water-rock isotope exchanges at elevated temperature occurred in rock-dominated systems. The δ<sup>18</sup>O of the fluids remained unchanged during local crystal growth, but varied depending on the geographic location of the samples and timing of illitization. The δD (V-SMOW) values of the different size fractions do not provide consistent information; they range from −70 to −45‰ for most nanometric and micrometric fractions (V-SMOW), but with no apparent coherent pattern.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Nanometric illite-rich crystals from K-bentonite that underwent tectono-thermal alteration yield constant ages, constant clay mineralogy, constant crystallite size distributions for all of the nucleating and growing illite-type crystals of each sample, as well as constant δ<sup>18</sup>O values implying constant fluid chemistry, all pointing to geologically sudden crystallization.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2013.4510","usgsCitation":"Clauer, N., Fallick, A.E., Eberl, D.D., Honty, M., Huff, W.D., and Auberti, A., 2013, K-Ar dating and delta O-18-delta D characterization of nanometric illite from Ordovician K-bentonites of the Appalachians: illitization and the Acadian-Alleghenian tectonic activity: American Mineralogist, v. 98, no. 11-12, p. 2144-2154, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2144","endPage":"2154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291210,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4510"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Dalton;Lafayette;Trenton","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.61,33.63 ], [ -85.61,35.0 ], [ -82.77,35.0 ], [ -82.77,33.63 ], [ -85.61,33.63 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"98","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f286e4b0bc0bec0a0426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clauer, Norbert","contributorId":9182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clauer","given":"Norbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallick, Anthony E.","contributorId":107210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallick","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honty, Miroslav","contributorId":91034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honty","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huff, Warren D.","contributorId":90228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Auberti, Amelie","contributorId":51220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auberti","given":"Amelie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70047261,"text":"ofr20131150 - 2013 - Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-27T11:27:51","indexId":"ofr20131150","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-27T11:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1150","title":"Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"Naturalists in the 1800s described the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) as one of the most abundant forest birds, detected in forested areas from sea level to tree line across all the major Hawaiian Islands. However, in the late 1800s, ʻIʻiwi began to disappear from low elevation forests, and by the mid-1900s, the species was largely absent from low- and mid-elevation areas. Today, ʻIʻiwi are restricted to high-elevation forests on the islands of Hawaiʻi, east Maui, and Kauaʻi, with a few birds apparently persisting on Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, and west Maui. ʻIʻiwi are highly vulnerable to introduced disease, and the prevalence of avian malaria in low and mid-elevations is believed to be the cause of ʻIʻiwi being restricted to high elevations where temperatures are too cold for the development of the disease and its mosquito vector. With global warming, it is feared that the disease will move quickly into the high-elevation forests where the last ʻIʻiwi reside, threatening their viability. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service was petitioned to list the ʻIʻiwi as an Endangered Species in 2010, and this report provides a comprehensive review of the abundance, distribution, and trends using historical survey data as well as the most recently available survey information (up to 2012). We estimate the total population size of ‘I‘iwi at 550,972–659,864 (mean = 605,418) individuals. Of these, 90 percent are on the island of Hawaiʻi, followed by east Maui (about 10 percent), with less than 1 percent on Kauaʻi. ʻIʻiwi population trends vary across the islands. ʻIʻiwi population in Kauaʻi has experienced sharp declines, with a projected trend of 92 percent decline over a 25 year period based on the 2000–2012 surveys. On East Maui, the northeastern region has experienced declines (34 percent over a 25 year period), while the southeastern region has been stable to moderately increasing. On the island of Hawaiʻi, population trends are mixed. On the windward side, populations are largely declining, although the northern section (Hakalau Forest) has stable populations. On the leeward side, results suggest a strongly increasing population, with estimates of as much as a 147 percent increase over a 25 year period from the Puʻu Waʻawaʻa region. However, it is unclear how much these results from the leeward side of Hawaiʻi show a population trend contrary to population trends in all other areas or are an artifact of a sparsely sampled area. Trends by elevation suggest a large decrease in numbers of ʻIʻiwi at elevations below 1,200 meters on Kauaʻi and northeast Maui. Low elevation ʻIʻiwi populations also appear to have decreased in other regions, although low-elevation areas are not surveyed as often as other areas because of their lack of native forest birds. An exception to this pattern was the lower portions of the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Kona Unit in the central leeward part of the island of Hawaiʻi, where populations appeared stable at the lower elevations. Based on the most recent surveys (up to 2012), approximately 50 percent of ʻIʻiwi live in a narrow, 500-meter band at elevations of 1,200–1,700 meters, suggesting that ʻIʻiwi are vulnerable to future shifts in climate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi Hilo","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Gorresen, P.M., and Camp, R., 2013, Abundance, distribution, and population trends of the iconic Hawaiian Honeycreeper, the ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) throughout the Hawaiian Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1150, iv, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131150.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131150.jpg"},{"id":275484,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1150/"},{"id":275485,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1150/pdf/ofr20131150.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -178.31,18.91 ], [ -178.31,28.4 ], [ -154.81,28.4 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -178.31,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f4ddd1e4b0838938b2802b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047213,"text":"70047213 - 2013 - The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T14:35:26","indexId":"70047213","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":797,"text":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems","docAbstract":"Natural hazards and climate change present growing challenges to community water system (CWS) managers, who are increasingly turning to vulnerability assessments to identify, prioritize, and adapt to risks. Effectively assessing CWS vulnerability requires information and participation from various sources, one of which is stakeholders. In this article, we present a deliberative risk-ranking methodology, the participatory vulnerability scoping diagram (P-VSD), which allows rapid assessment and integration of multiple stakeholder perspectives of vulnerability. This technique is based on methods of deliberative risk evaluation and the vulnerability scoping diagram. The goal of the methodology is to engage CWS managers and stakeholders collectively to provide qualitative contextual risk rankings as a first step in a vulnerability assessment. We conduct an initial assessment using a case study of CWS in two U.S. counties, sites with broadly similar exposures but differences in population, land use, and other social sensitivity factors. Results demonstrate that CWS managers and stakeholders in the two case study communities all share the belief that their CWS are vulnerable to hazards but differ in how this vulnerability manifests itself in terms of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2013.754673","usgsCitation":"Howe, P.D., Yarnal, B., Coletti, A., and Wood, N.J., 2013, The participatory vulnerability scoping diagram - deliberative risk ranking for community water systems: Annals of the Association of American Geographers, v. 2, no. 103, p. 343-352, https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-032858","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275396,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2013.754673"}],"volume":"2","issue":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5fe4b0a32220222f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, Peter D.","contributorId":60931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, Alex","contributorId":69866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047218,"text":"70047218 - 2013 - Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T12:44:35","indexId":"70047218","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T12:32:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2454,"text":"Journal of Separation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","docAbstract":"Pheromones guide adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to suitable spawning streams and mates, and therefore, when quantified, can be used to assess population size and guide management. Here, we present an efficient sample preparation method where 100 mL of river water was spiked with deuterated pheromone as an internal standard and underwent rapid field-based SPE and elution in the field. The combination of field extraction with laboratory UPLC-MS/MS reduced the sample consumption from 1 to 0.1 L, decreased the sample process time from more than 1 h to 10 min, and increased the precision and accuracy. The sensitivity was improved more than one order of magnitude compared with the previous method. The influences of experimental conditions were assessed to optimize the separation and peak shapes. The analytical method has been validated by studies of stability, selectivity, precision, and linearity and by the determination of the limits of detection and quantification. The method was used to quantify pheromone concentration from five streams tributary to Lake Ontario and to estimate that the environmental half-life of 3kPZS is about 26 h.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Separation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jssc.201300110","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Johnson, N., Bernardy, J., Hubert, T., and Li, W., 2013, Monitoring sea lamprey pheromones and their degradation using rapid stream-side extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS: Journal of Separation Science, v. 36, no. 9-10, p. 1612-1620, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1612","endPage":"1620","ipdsId":"IP-044840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275446,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201300110"}],"volume":"36","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5be4b0a32220222f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":101545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas","contributorId":95781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardy, Jeffrey","contributorId":35216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubert, Terry","contributorId":18653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047238,"text":"70047238 - 2013 - Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:39:37","indexId":"70047238","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-26T10:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Chemical data from soil and weathered waste material samples collected from five uranium mines north of the Grand Canyon (three reclaimed, one mined but not reclaimed, and one never mined) were used in a screening-level risk analysis for the Arizona chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (<i>Dipodomys microps leucotis</i>); risks from radiation exposure were not evaluated. Dietary toxicity reference values were used to estimate soil-screening thresholds presenting risk to kangaroo rats. Sensitivity analyses indicated that body weight critically affected outcomes of exposed-dose calculations; juvenile kangaroo rats were more sensitive to the inorganic constituent toxicities than adult kangaroo rats. Species-specific soil-screening thresholds were derived for arsenic (137 mg/kg), cadmium (16 mg/kg), copper (1,461 mg/kg), lead (1,143 mg/kg), nickel (771 mg/kg), thallium (1.3 mg/kg), uranium (1,513 mg/kg), and zinc (731 mg/kg) using toxicity reference values that incorporate expected chronic field exposures. Inorganic contaminants in soils within and near the mine areas generally posed minimal risk to kangaroo rats. Most exceedances of soil thresholds were for arsenic and thallium and were associated with weathered mine wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., Linder, G.L., Otton, J.K., Finger, S.E., Little, E.E., and Tillitt, D.E., 2013, Derivation of soil screening thresholds to protect chisel-toothed kangaroo rat from uranium mine waste in northern Arizona: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 332-344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-041377","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275433,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9893-5"},{"id":275434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kanab South Pipe;Kanab North Mine;Pigeon Mine;Hermit Mine;Hack Canyon Mine Complex","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.815578,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.614925 ], [ -112.463559,36.175073 ], [ -112.815578,36.175073 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f38c5ae4b0a32220222f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766 jhinck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":2743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"jhinck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118105,"text":"70118105 - 2013 - Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T15:29:11","indexId":"70118105","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago","docAbstract":"Airbursts/impacts by a fragmented comet or asteroid have been proposed at the Younger Dryas onset (12.80 ± 0.15 ka) based on identification of an assemblage of impact-related proxies, including microspherules, nanodiamonds, and iridium. Distributed across four continents at the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB), spherule peaks have been independently confirmed in eight studies, but unconfirmed in two others, resulting in continued dispute about their occurrence, distribution, and origin. To further address this dispute and better identify YDB spherules, we present results from one of the largest spherule investigations ever undertaken regarding spherule geochemistry, morphologies, origins, and processes of formation. We investigated 18 sites across North America, Europe, and the Middle East, performing nearly 700 analyses on spherules using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for geochemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy for surface microstructural characterization. Twelve locations rank among the world’s premier end-Pleistocene archaeological sites, where the YDB marks a hiatus in human occupation or major changes in site use. Our results are consistent with melting of sediments to temperatures >2,200 °C by the thermal radiation and air shocks produced by passage of an extraterrestrial object through the atmosphere; they are inconsistent with volcanic, cosmic, anthropogenic, lightning, or authigenic sources. We also produced spherules from wood in the laboratory at >1,730 °C, indicating that impact-related incineration of biomass may have contributed to spherule production. At 12.8 ka, an estimated 10 million tonnes of spherules were distributed across ∼50 million square kilometers, similar to well-known impact strewnfields and consistent with a major cosmic impact event.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Wittke, J.H., Weaver, J., Bunch, T.E., Kennett, J.P., Kennett, D.J., Moore, A., Hillman, G.C., Tankersly, K.B., Goodyear, A.C., Moore, C.R., Daniel, I.R., Ray, J.H., Lopinot, N.H., Ferraro, D., Israde-Alcantara, I., Bischoff, J.L., DeCarli, P.S., Hermes, R.E., Kloosterman, J.B., Revay, Z., Howard, G.A., Kimbel, D.R., Kletetschka, G., Nabelek, L., Lipo, C.P., Sakai, S., West, A., and Firestone, R., 2013, Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 110, no. 23, p. E2088-E2097.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"E2088","endPage":"E2097","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europe;Middle East;North America","volume":"110","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittke, James H.","contributorId":73928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, James C.","contributorId":14308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bunch, Ted E.","contributorId":101197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunch","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennett, James P.","contributorId":52499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennett, Douglas J.","contributorId":106024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moore, Andrew","contributorId":101573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hillman, Gordon C.","contributorId":56164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillman","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tankersly, Kenneth B.","contributorId":18284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tankersly","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goodyear, Albert C.","contributorId":13906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moore, Christopher R.","contributorId":26988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Daniel, I. Randolph Jr.","contributorId":91421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randolph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ray, Jack H.","contributorId":48884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Lopinot, Neal H.","contributorId":90654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopinot","given":"Neal","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ferraro, David","contributorId":48885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferraro","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Israde-Alcantara, Isabel","contributorId":82231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israde-Alcantara","given":"Isabel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"DeCarli, Paul S.","contributorId":48111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarli","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hermes, Robert E.","contributorId":71901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Kloosterman, Johan B.","contributorId":37662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloosterman","given":"Johan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Revay, Zsolt","contributorId":7202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revay","given":"Zsolt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Howard, George A.","contributorId":70302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Kimbel, David R.","contributorId":17542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Kletetschka, Gunther","contributorId":9978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kletetschka","given":"Gunther","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Nabelek, Ladislav","contributorId":58201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabelek","given":"Ladislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Lipo, Carl P.","contributorId":78257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipo","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Sakai, Sachiko","contributorId":71488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"Sachiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"West, Allen","contributorId":58579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Firestone, Richard B.","contributorId":55750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"Richard B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}}
,{"id":70124440,"text":"70124440 - 2013 - Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:01:44","indexId":"70124440","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:17:45","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests","docAbstract":"Recent increases in tree mortality rates across the western USA are correlated with increasing temperatures, but mechanisms remain unresolved. Specifically, increasing mortality could predominantly be a consequence of temperature-induced increases in either (1) drought stress, or (2) the effectiveness of tree-killing insects and pathogens. Using long-term data from California’s Sierra Nevada mountain range, we found that in water-limited (low-elevation) forests mortality was unambiguously best modeled by climatic water deficit, consistent with the first mechanism. In energy-limited (high-elevation) forests deficit models were only equivocally better than temperature models, suggesting that the second mechanism is increasingly important in these forests. We could not distinguish between models predicting mortality using absolute versus relative changes in water deficit, and these two model types led to different forecasts of mortality vulnerability under future climate scenarios. Our results provide evidence for differing climatic controls of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests, while highlighting the need for an improved understanding of tree mortality processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0069917","usgsCitation":"Das, A., Stephenson, N.L., Flint, A., Das, T., and van Mantgem, P.J., 2013, Climatic correlates of tree mortality in water- and energy-limited forests: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 7, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-030863","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293773,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069917"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.8865,36.2914 ], [ -119.8865,38.1852 ], [ -118.2348,38.1852 ], [ -118.2348,36.2914 ], [ -119.8865,36.2914 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b99fe4b0239f1986ba1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Das, Adrian J. 0000-0002-3937-2616 adas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-2616","contributorId":3842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Adrian J.","email":"adas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephenson, Nathan L. 0000-0003-0208-7229 nstephenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0208-7229","contributorId":2836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Nathan","email":"nstephenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan","contributorId":58503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, Tapash","contributorId":49227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Tapash","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047220,"text":"70047220 - 2013 - An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-25T15:30:52","indexId":"70047220","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)","docAbstract":"Reproductive functions can be modulated by both stimulatory and inhibitory primer pheromones released by conspecifics. Many stimulatory primer pheromones have been documented, but relatively few inhibitory primer pheromones have been reported in vertebrates. The sea lamprey male sex pheromone system presents an advantageous model to explore the stimulatory and inhibitory primer pheromone functions in vertebrates since several pheromone components have been identified. We hypothesized that a candidate sex pheromone component, 7&alpha;, 12&alpha;-dihydroxy-5&alpha;-cholan-3-one-24-oic acid (3 keto-allocholic acid or 3kACA), exerts priming effects through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. To test this hypothesis, we measured the peptide concentrations and gene expressions of lamprey gonadotropin releasing hormones (lGnRH) and the HPG output in immature male sea lamprey exposed to waterborne 3kACA. Exposure to waterborne 3kACA altered neuronal activation markers such as jun and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and lGnRH mRNA levels in the brain. Waterborne 3kACA also increased lGnRH-III, but not lGnRH-I or -II, in the forebrain. In the plasma, 3kACA exposure decreased all three lGnRH peptide concentrations after 1 h exposure. After 2 h exposure, 3kACA increased lGnRHI and -III, but decreased lGnRH-II peptide concentrations in the plasma. Plasma lGnRH peptide concentrations showed differential phasic patterns. Group housing condition appeared to increase the averaged plasma lGnRH levels in male sea lamprey compared to isolated males. Interestingly, 15&alpha;-hydroxyprogesterone (15&alpha;-P) concentrations decreased after prolonged 3kACA exposure (at least 24 h). To our knowledge, this is the only known synthetic vertebrate pheromone component that inhibits steroidogenesis in males.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.023","usgsCitation":"Chung-Davidson, Y., Wang, H., Bryan, M.B., Wu, H., Johnson, N.S., and Li, W., 2013, An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 189, p. 24-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-044372","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275407,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.023"}],"volume":"189","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e8e4b0279fe2e1bfc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen","contributorId":79006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung-Davidson","given":"Yu-Wen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Huiyong","contributorId":79007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Huiyong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, Mara B.","contributorId":19863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"Mara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Hong","contributorId":21443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Hong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118079,"text":"70118079 - 2013 - Environmental, depositional and cultural changes in the upper Pleistocene and early Holocene; the Cinglera del Capello Sequence (Capellades, Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T12:55:46","indexId":"70118079","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3215,"text":"Quaternaire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental, depositional and cultural changes in the upper Pleistocene and early Holocene; the Cinglera del Capello Sequence (Capellades, Spain)","docAbstract":"The correlation between environmental and cultural changes is one of the primary archeological and paleoanthropological research topics. Analysis of ice and marine cores has yielded a high-resolution record of millennial-scale changes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene eras. However, cultural changes are documented in low-resolution continental deposits; thus, their correlation with the millennial-scale climatic sequence is often difficult. In this paper, we present a rare occurrence in which a thick archeological sequence is associated with a high-resolution environmental record. The Cinglera del Capello is a tufa-draped cliff located in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, 50 km west of Barcelona. This cliff harbors several rock-shelters with Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene deposits. Together, the deposits of four rock-shelters span from 7000 to 70,000 years ago and provide a high-resolution record of the environmental and human dynamics during this timespan. This record allows the correlation of the cultural and environmental changes. The multiproxy approach to the Cinglera evidence indicates that the main cultural stages of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene (Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic) are associated with significant changes in the environmental and depositional contexts.","language":"English","publisher":"French Quaternary Association","doi":"10.4000/quaternaire.6481","usgsCitation":"Vaquero, M., Allue, E., Bischoff, J.L., Burjachs, F., and Vallverdu, J., 2013, Environmental, depositional and cultural changes in the upper Pleistocene and early Holocene; the Cinglera del Capello Sequence (Capellades, Spain): Quaternaire, v. 24, no. 1, p. 49-64, https://doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.6481.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-029968","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/6481","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","city":"Barcelona","otherGeospatial":"Capellades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 1.6795652,41.5254262 ], [ 1.6795652,41.536725 ], [ 1.691055,41.536725 ], [ 1.691055,41.5254262 ], [ 1.6795652,41.5254262 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f29ae4b0bc0bec0a0496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaquero, Manuel","contributorId":25088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaquero","given":"Manuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allue, Ethel","contributorId":107623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allue","given":"Ethel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burjachs, Francesc","contributorId":21473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burjachs","given":"Francesc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vallverdu, Josep","contributorId":28177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallverdu","given":"Josep","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047205,"text":"70047205 - 2013 - Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:02:14","indexId":"70047205","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-25T13:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system","docAbstract":"Some of the world’s key agricultural production systems face big challenges to both water quantity and quality due to shallow groundwater that results from long-term intensive irrigation, namely waterlogging and salinity, water losses, and environmental problems. This paper focuses on water quantity issues, presenting finite-difference groundwater models developed to describe shallow water table levels, non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use, and return flows to streams across two regions within an irrigated alluvial river valley in southeastern Colorado, USA. The models are calibrated and applied to simulate current baseline conditions in the alluvial aquifer system and to examine actions for potentially improving these conditions. The models provide a detailed description of regional-scale subsurface unsaturated and saturated flow processes, thereby enabling detailed spatiotemporal description of groundwater levels, recharge to infiltration ratios, partitioning of ET originating from the unsaturated and saturated zones, and groundwater flows, among other variables. Hybrid automated and manual calibration of the models is achieved using extensive observations of groundwater hydraulic head, groundwater return flow to streams, aquifer stratigraphy, canal seepage, total evapotranspiration, the portion of evapotranspiration supplied by upflux from the shallow water table, and irrigation flows. Baseline results from the two regional-scale models are compared to model predictions under variations of four alternative management schemes: (1) reduced seepage from earthen canals, (2) reduced irrigation applications, (3) rotational lease fallowing (irrigation water leased to municipalities, resulting in temporary dry-up of fields), and (4) combinations of these. The potential for increasing the average water table depth by up to 1.1 and 0.7 m in the two respective modeled regions, thereby reducing the threat of waterlogging and lowering non-beneficial consumptive use from adjacent fallow and naturally-vegetated lands, is demonstrated for the alternative management intervention scenarios considered. Net annual average savings of up to about 9.9 million m<sup>3</sup> (8000 ac ft) and 2.3 million m<sup>3</sup> (1900 ac ft) of non-beneficial groundwater consumptive use is demonstrated for the study periods in each of the two respective study regions. Alternative water management interventions achieve varying degrees of benefits in each of the two regions, suggesting a need to adopt region-specific interventions and avoid a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Impacts of the considered interventions on return flows to the river were predicted to be significant, highlighting the need for flow augmentation to comply with an interstate river compact and portending beneficial impacts on solute loading.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","usgsCitation":"Morway, E., Gates, T., and Niswonger, R., 2013, Appraising options to reduce shallow groundwater tables and enhance flow conditions over regional scales in an irrigated alluvial aquifer system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 495, p. 216-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-041995","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275386,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pueblo Reservoir;John Martin Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.2239,37.9317 ], [ -105.2239,38.4631 ], [ -102.7435,38.4631 ], [ -102.7435,37.9317 ], [ -105.2239,37.9317 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"495","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f253e8e4b0279fe2e1bfc5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.047","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Morway Eric D., Gates Timothy K., Niswonger Richard G.","journalName":"Journal of Hydrology","publicationDate":"7/2013","auditedOn":"10/29/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morway, Eric D.","contributorId":72276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morway","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Timothy K.","contributorId":88246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Timothy K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042047,"text":"70042047 - 2013 - Monitoring intensity and patterns of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use in remote areas of the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T09:17:51","indexId":"70042047","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2933,"text":"Oecologia Australis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring intensity and patterns of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use in remote areas of the western USA","docAbstract":"The continued growth of off-highway vehicle (OHV) activities – demonstrated by the dramatic increase in OHV sales, number of users, and areas experiencing OHV use – has elevated concerns about their ecological effects, the impacts on wildlife, and the sustainability of OHV use on secondary and tertiary road networks. Conflicts between visitors and wildlife are raising concerns about system resiliency and sustainable management. In order to quantify the spatial and temporal impacts of OHV use it is imperative to know about the timing and patterns of vehicle use. This study tested and used multiple vehicle-counter types to study vehicular OHV use patterns and volume throughout a mountainous road network in western Colorado. OHV counts were analyzed by time of day, day of week, season, and year. While daily use peaked within a two to three hour range for all sites, the overall volume of use varied among sites on an annual basis. The data also showed that there are at least two distinct patterns of OHV use: one dominated by a majority of use on weekends, and the other with continuous use throughout the week. This project provided important, but rarely captured, metrics about patterns of OHV use in a remote, mountainous region of Colorado. The techniques described here can provide land managers with a quantitative evaluation of OHV use across the landscape, an essential foundation for travel management planning. They also provide researchers with robust tools to further investigate the impacts of OHV use.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia Australis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oecologia Australis","doi":"10.4257/oeco.2013.1701.09","usgsCitation":"Ouren, D.S., and Coffin, A.W., 2013, Monitoring intensity and patterns of off-highway vehicle (OHV) use in remote areas of the western USA: Oecologia Australis, v. 17, no. 1, p. 96-110, https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2013.1701.09.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-039074","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2013.1701.09","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275326,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2013.1701.09"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e95be4b04309f4e38ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ouren, Douglas S. ourend@usgs.gov","contributorId":1931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ouren","given":"Douglas","email":"ourend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coffin, Alisa W. coffina@usgs.gov","contributorId":17305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffin","given":"Alisa","email":"coffina@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047188,"text":"70047188 - 2013 - Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-24T14:28:49","indexId":"70047188","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-24T14:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels","docAbstract":"Ecotones are areas of sharp environmental gradients between two or more homogeneous vegetation types. They are a dynamic aspect of all landscapes and are also responsive to climate change. Shifts in the position of an ecotone across a landscape can be an indication of a changing environment. In the coastal Everglades of Florida, USA, a dominant ecotone type is that of mangrove forest and marsh. However, there is a variety of plants that can form the marsh component, including sawgrass (Cladium mariscus [L.] Pohl), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele), and spikerush (Eleocharis spp.). Environmental factors including water depth, soil type, and occurrence of fires vary across these ecotones, influencing their dynamics. Altered freshwater inflows from upstream and increasing sea level over the past 100 years may have also had an impact. We analyzed a time series of historical aerial photographs for a number of sites in the coastal Everglades and measured change in position of mangrove–marsh ecotones. For three sites, detailed maps were produced and the area of marsh, mangrove, and other habitats was determined for five periods spanning the years 1928 to 2004. Contrary to our initial hypothesis on fire, we found that fire did not prevent mangrove expansion into marsh areas but may in fact assist mangroves to invade some marsh habitats, especially sawgrass. Disparate patterns in mangrove–marsh change were measured at two downstream sites, both of which had multiple fires over from 1948 to 2004. No change in mangrove or marsh area was measured at one site. Mangrove area increased and marsh area decreased at the second of these fire-impacted sites. We measured a significant increase in mangrove area and a decline in marsh area at an upstream site that had little occurrence of fire. At this site, water levels have increased significantly as sea level has risen, and this has probably been a factor in the mangrove expansion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association for Fire Ecology","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0901066","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., Foster, A.M., Tiling-Range, G., and Jones, J., 2013, Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels: Fire Ecology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 66-77, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"77","ipdsId":"IP-040254","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275338,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0901066"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5183,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,25.8899 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5183,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e94fe4b04309f4e38cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Ann M. amfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Ann","email":"amfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tiling-Range, Ginger","contributorId":11914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiling-Range","given":"Ginger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041084,"text":"70041084 - 2013 - Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:35:57","indexId":"70041084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T15:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea","docAbstract":"Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. To reduce the impact of Japanese encephalitis among children in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. Through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of Japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the ROK during the period of 1984-2009. However, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis, including 7 deaths. This represented a >12-fold increase in the number of confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK as compared to the mean number reported over the last 26 years and a 3.7-fold increase over the highest annual number of cases during this same period (7 cases). Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted during the 2010 outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the ROK. A total of 6,328 culicine mosquitoes belonging to 12 species from 5 genera were collected at 6 survey sites from June through October 2010 and assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of JEV. A total of 34/371 pooled samples tested positive for JEV (29/121 Culex tritaeniorhynchus, 4/64 Cx. pipiens, and 1/26 Cx. bitaeniorhynchus) as confirmed by sequencing of the pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes. The maximum likelihood estimates of JEV positive individuals per 1,000 culicine vectors for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, and Cx. bitaeniorhynchus were 11.8, 5.6, and 2.8, respectively. Sequences of the JEV pre-membrane and envelope protein coding genes amplified from the culicine mosquitoes by RT-PCR were compared with those of JEV genotypes I-V. Phylogenetic analyses support the detection of a single genotype (I) among samples collected from the ROK in 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0055165","usgsCitation":"Seo, H., Kim, H.C., Klein, T., Ramey, A.M., Lee, J., Kyung, S., Park, J., Cho, I., and Yeh, J., 2013, Molecular detection and genotyping of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the Republic of Korea: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 2, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055165.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-038870","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055165","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275324,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055165"},{"id":275325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Korea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 124.3548,33.145 ], [ 124.3548,38.6235 ], [ 130.4345,38.6235 ], [ 130.4345,33.145 ], [ 124.3548,33.145 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ef97d5e4b0b09fbe58f151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seo, Hyun-Ji","contributorId":63289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seo","given":"Hyun-Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Heung Chul","contributorId":76625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Heung","email":"","middleInitial":"Chul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Terry A.","contributorId":76207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Ji-Hyee","contributorId":17120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Ji-Hyee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kyung, Soon-Goo","contributorId":97403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyung","given":"Soon-Goo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Park, Jee-Yong","contributorId":9155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Jee-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cho, In-Soo","contributorId":105617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cho","given":"In-Soo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yeh, Jung-Yong","contributorId":30892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeh","given":"Jung-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70046834,"text":"70046834 - 2013 - Potentially induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA: links between wastewater injection and the 2011 M<sub>w</sub> 5.7 earthquake sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T16:26:58","indexId":"70046834","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potentially induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA: links between wastewater injection and the 2011 M<sub>w</sub> 5.7 earthquake sequence","docAbstract":"Significant earthquakes are increasingly occurring within the continental interior of the United States, including five of moment magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) ≥ 5.0 in 2011 alone. Concurrently, the volume of fluid injected into the subsurface related to the production of unconventional resources continues to rise. Here we identify the largest earthquake potentially related to injection, an M<sub>w</sub> 5.7 earthquake in November 2011 in Oklahoma. The earthquake was felt in at least 17 states and caused damage in the epicentral region. It occurred in a sequence, with 2 earthquakes of M<sub>w</sub> 5.0 and a prolific sequence of aftershocks. We use the aftershocks to illuminate the faults that ruptured in the sequence, and show that the tip of the initial rupture plane is within ~200 m of active injection wells and within ~1 km of the surface; 30% of early aftershocks occur within the sedimentary section. Subsurface data indicate that fluid was injected into effectively sealed compartments, and we interpret that a net fluid volume increase after 18 yr of injection lowered effective stress on reservoir-bounding faults. Significantly, this case indicates that decades-long lags between the commencement of fluid injection and the onset of induced earthquakes are possible, and modifies our common criteria for fluid-induced events. The progressive rupture of three fault planes in this sequence suggests that stress changes from the initial rupture triggered the successive earthquakes, including one larger than the first.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G34045.1","usgsCitation":"Keranen, K., Savage, H.M., Abers, G.A., and Cochran, E.S., 2013, Potentially induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA: links between wastewater injection and the 2011 M<sub>w</sub> 5.7 earthquake sequence: Geology, v. 41, no. 6, p. 699-702, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34045.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"702","ipdsId":"IP-039045","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274697,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G34045.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ef97d6e4b0b09fbe58f15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keranen, Katie M.","contributorId":44064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keranen","given":"Katie M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, Heather M.","contributorId":65363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abers, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":90195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abers","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148008,"text":"70148008 - 2013 - Active adaptive management for reintroduction of an animal population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T15:14:52","indexId":"70148008","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active adaptive management for reintroduction of an animal population","docAbstract":"<p><span>Captive animals are frequently reintroduced to the wild in the face of uncertainty, but that uncertainty can often be reduced over the course of the reintroduction effort, providing the opportunity for adaptive management. One common uncertainty in reintroductions is the short-term survival rate of released adults (a release cost), an important factor because it can affect whether releasing adults or juveniles is better. Information about this rate can improve the success of the reintroduction program, but does the expected gain offset the costs of obtaining the information? I explored this question for reintroduction of the griffon vulture (</span><i>Gyps fulvus</i><span>) by framing the management question as a belief Markov decision process, characterizing uncertainty about release cost with 2 information state variables, and finding the solution using stochastic dynamic programming. For a reintroduction program of fixed length (e.g., 5 years of releases), the optimal policy in the final release year resembles the deterministic solution: release either all adults or all juveniles depending on whether the point estimate for the survival rate in question is above or below a specific threshold. But the optimal policy in the earlier release years 1) includes release of a mixture of juveniles and adults under some circumstances, and 2) recommends release of adults even when the point estimate of survival is much less than the deterministic threshold. These results show that in an iterated decision setting, the optimal decision in early years can be quite different from that in later years because of the value of learning.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.571","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., 2013, Active adaptive management for reintroduction of an animal population: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 77, no. 6, p. 1135-1144, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.571.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1135","endPage":"1144","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061273","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5553242ae4b0a92fa7e94c78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046978,"text":"70046978 - 2013 - Petroleum system analysis of the Hunton Group in West Edmond field, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-15T16:06:09.072336","indexId":"70046978","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-22T15:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum system analysis of the Hunton Group in West Edmond field, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstractnoin\">West Edmond field, located in central Oklahoma, is one of the largest oil accumulations in the Silurian–Devonian Hunton Group in this part of the Anadarko Basin. Production from all stratigraphic units in the field exceeds 170 million barrels of oil (MMBO) and 400 billion cubic feet of gas (BCFG), of which approximately 60 MMBO and 100 BCFG have been produced from the Hunton Group. Oil and gas are stratigraphically trapped to the east against the Nemaha uplift, to the north by a regional wedge-out of Hunton strata, and by intraformational diagenetic traps. Hunton Group reservoirs are the Bois d'Arc and Frisco Limestones, with lesser production from the Chimneyhill subgroup, Haragan Shale, and Henryhouse Formation.</p><p>Hunton Group cores from three wells that were examined petrographically indicate that complex diagenetic relations influence permeability and reservoir quality. Greatest porosity and permeability are associated with secondary dissolution in packstones and grainstones, forming hydrocarbon reservoirs. The overlying Devonian–Mississippian Woodford Shale is the major petroleum source rock for the Hunton Group in the field, based on one-dimensional and four-dimensional petroleum system models that were calibrated to well temperature and Woodford Shale vitrinite reflectance data. The source rock is marginally mature to mature for oil generation in the area of the West Edmond field, and migration of Woodford oil and gas from deeper parts of the basin also contributed to hydrocarbon accumulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/12031212075","usgsCitation":"Gaswirth, S., and Higley, D.K., 2013, Petroleum system analysis of the Hunton Group in West Edmond field, Oklahoma: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 97, no. 7, p. 1163-1179, https://doi.org/10.1306/12031212075.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1179","ipdsId":"IP-033936","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"West Edmond Field","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0025,33.6158 ], [ -103.0025,37.0023 ], [ -94.4307,37.0023 ], [ -94.4307,33.6158 ], [ -103.0025,33.6158 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"97","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee4659e4b00ffbed48f85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaswirth, Stephanie B. 0000-0001-5821-6347 sgaswirth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-6347","contributorId":3109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaswirth","given":"Stephanie B.","email":"sgaswirth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higley, Debra K. 0000-0001-8024-9954 higley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":152663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"Debra","email":"higley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046561,"text":"70046561 - 2013 - Revision of Fontes & Garnier's model for the initial <sup>14</sup>C content of dissolved inorganic carbon used in groundwater dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:11:41","indexId":"70046561","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-17T16:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revision of Fontes & Garnier's model for the initial <sup>14</sup>C content of dissolved inorganic carbon used in groundwater dating","docAbstract":"The widely applied model for groundwater dating using <sup>14</sup>C proposed by Fontes and Garnier (F&G) (Fontes and Garnier, 1979) estimates the initial <sup>14</sup>C content in waters from carbonate-rock aquifers affected by isotopic exchange. Usually, the model of F&G is applied in one of two ways: (1) using a single <sup>13</sup>C fractionation factor of gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> with respect to a solid carbonate mineral, εg/s, regardless of whether the carbon isotopic exchange is controlled by soil CO<sub>2</sub> in the unsaturated zone, or by solid carbonate mineral in the saturated zone; or (2) using different fractionation factors if the exchange process is dominated by soil CO<sub>2</sub> gas as opposed to solid carbonate mineral (typically calcite). An analysis of the F&G model shows an inadequate conceptualization, resulting in underestimation of the initial <sup>14</sup>C values (<sup>14</sup>C<sub>0</sub>) for groundwater systems that have undergone isotopic exchange. The degree to which the <sup>14</sup>C<sub>0</sub> is underestimated increases with the extent of isotopic exchange. Examples show that in extreme cases, the error in calculated adjusted initial <sup>14</sup>C values can be more than 20% modern carbon (pmc). A model is derived that revises the mass balance method of F&G by using a modified model conceptualization. The derivation yields a “global” model both for carbon isotopic exchange dominated by gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> in the unsaturated zone, and for carbon isotopic exchange dominated by solid carbonate mineral in the saturated zone. However, the revised model requires different parameters for exchange dominated by gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> as opposed to exchange dominated by solid carbonate minerals. The revised model for exchange dominated by gaseous CO<sub>2</sub> is shown to be identical to the model of Mook (Mook, 1976). For groundwater systems where exchange occurs both in the unsaturated zone and saturated zone, the revised model can still be used; however, <sup>14</sup>C<sub>0</sub> will be slightly underestimated. Finally, in carbonate systems undergoing complex geochemical reactions, such as oxidation of organic carbon, radiocarbon ages are best estimated by inverse geochemical modeling techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.011","usgsCitation":"Han, L., and Plummer, N., 2013, Revision of Fontes & Garnier's model for the initial <sup>14</sup>C content of dissolved inorganic carbon used in groundwater dating: Chemical Geology, v. 351, p. 105-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.011.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-045165","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273714,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.011"}],"country":"United States","volume":"351","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e7aed7e4b080b82b09c616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Liang-Feng","contributorId":101537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"Liang-Feng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}