In possibly the first detailed study to relate geomorphology, vegetation, and hydrology at a watershed scale, Hack and Goodlett (1960) documented variation in the eastern forest with topograhic positions of cove, side slope, and nose. Runoff identified as convergent, parallel, or divergent, supported forest types, respectively, of northern hardwood, oak, and yellow pine. The study, conducted in the Little River Basin of northwestern Virginia, also described effects on landforms and vegetation of a catastrophic flood that occurred in June, 1949.
Field investigations, conducted nearly 4 decades later, review selected parts of the study by Hack and Goodlett (1960). Replicate data provide a basis to evaluate interpretations of Hack and Goodlett, to document geomorphic change within the Little River Basin since the 1949 flood, and to identify vegetation change in uplands and bottomlands. Results suggest that change to hillslope landforms has been minor since 1949, but that changes have occurred to the Little River and its tributaries, seemingly during flow events of 1952, 1955, and 1985. Change in areal extent of forest types was not detected. Change in the relative abundances of dominant species may have resulted from 20th-century fire suppression.
The chemistry and bioavailability of Ag contribute to its high toxicity in marine and estuarine waters. Silver is unusual, in that both the dominant speciation reaction in seawater and the processes important in sorbing Ag in sediments favour enhanced bioavailability. Formation of a stable chloro complex favours dispersal of dissolved Ag, and the abundant chloro complex is available to biota. Sequestration by sediments also occurs, but with relatively slow kinetics. Amorphous aggregated coatings enhance Ag accumulation in sediments, as well as Ag uptake from sediments by deposit feeders. In estuaries, the bioaccumulation of Ag increases 56-fold with each unit of increased Ag concentration in sediments. Toxicity for sensitive marine species occurs at absolute concentrations as low as those observed for any nonalkylated metal, partly because bioaccumulation increases so steeply with contamination. The environmental window of tolerance to Ag in estuaries could be narrower than for many elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S., Ho, Y., and Bryan, G., 1995, Fate, bioavailability and toxicity of silver in estuarine environments: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 31, no. 1-3, p. 44-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205812,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00081-W"},{"id":226935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f15e4b0c8380cd5375a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, Y.B.","contributorId":27208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ho","given":"Y.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bryan, G.W.","contributorId":84402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryan","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018856,"text":"70018856 - 1995 - Recent advances in understanding the interaction of groundwater and surface water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:32:23","indexId":"70018856","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent advances in understanding the interaction of groundwater and surface water","docAbstract":"The most common image of the interaction of groundwater and surface water is that of the interaction of streams with a contiguous alluvial aquifer. This type of system has been the focus of study for more than 100 years, from the work of Boussinesq (1877) to the present, and stream-aquifer interaction continues to be the most common topic of papers discussing the interaction of groundwater and surface water. However, groundwater and surface water interact in a wide variety of landscapes from alpine to coastal. Within these landscapes, ground-water systems range in scale from local to regional, and the types of surface water include streams, lakes, wetlands, and oceans. Given the broad spectrum of the topic of groundwater and surface water interaction, an overview of studies of this topic could be organized according to surface water type, landscape type, scale of hydrologic systems, or field and analytical methods. All these factors are discussed, but this paper is organized according to landscape type because of the great increase in studies of the interaction of groundwater and surface water in landscapes other than riverine systems in the last 15 years. Furthermore, discussing studies by landscape type facilitates comparison of methods and results from different geologic and climatic settings. The general landscapes discussed are mountain terrane, riverine systems, coastal terrane, hummocky terrane, and karst terrane.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/95RG00115","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1995, Recent advances in understanding the interaction of groundwater and surface water: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. S2, p. 985-994, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00115.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"985","endPage":"994","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"S2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95e2e4b0c8380cd81cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018855,"text":"70018855 - 1995 - Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018855","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA","docAbstract":"Water samples from wells were collected and analysed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66??? and contains tritium, and was recently recharged by water from the Mojave River. Water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River, near Summit Valley, and underlying several small washes has deuterium compositions heavier than -60???. Although some water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River contains tritium, most of this water does not contain tritium. Carbon-14 data indicate that this water was recharged less than 2400 years ago. Water in the remainder of the regional aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -84???, which is as much as 20??? lighter than the volume-weighted deuterium composition of present-day precipitation. These data show that this water was recharged under climatic conditions different from average conditions today. Carbon-14 data indicate that some water in the regional aquifer was recharged more than 20 000 years ago.Water samples from wells were collected and analyzed for oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium, carbon-14, and carbon-13 to determine the source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River basin. Water in the alluvial aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -66qq and contains tritium, and was recently recharged by water from the Mojave River. Water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River, near Summit Valley, and underlying several small washes has deuterium compositions heavier than -60qq. Although some water in the regional aquifer near the Mojave River contains tritium, most of this water does not contain tritium. Carbon-14 data indicate that this water was recharged less than 2400 years ago. Water in the remainder of the regional aquifer has a median deuterium composition of -84qq, which is as much as 20qq lighter than the volume-weighted deuterium composition of present-day precipitation. These data show that this water was recharged under climatic conditions different from average conditions today. Carbon-14 data indicate that some water in the regional aquifer was recharged more than 20 000 years ago.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on Application of Tracers in Arid Zone Hydrology","conferenceDate":"22 August 1994 through 26 August 1994","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Martin, P., and Michel, R.L., 1995, Source, movement and age of groundwater in the upper part of the Mojave River Basin, California, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 232, p. 43-56.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"232","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9341e4b08c986b31a3d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, P.","contributorId":24398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018849,"text":"70018849 - 1995 - Partition of nonpolar organic pollutants from water to soil and sediment organic matters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T08:04:30","indexId":"70018849","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Partition of nonpolar organic pollutants from water to soil and sediment organic matters","docAbstract":"The partition coefficients (Koc) of carbon tetrachloride and 1,2-dichlorobenzene between normal soil/sediment organic matter and water have been determined for a large set of soils, bed sediments, and suspended solids from the United States and the People's Republic of China. The Koc values for both solutes are quite invariant either for the soils or for the bed sediments; the values on bed sediments are about twice those on soils. The similarity of Koc values between normal soils and between normal bed sediments suggests that natural organic matters in soils (or sediments) of different geographic origins exhibit comparable polarities and possibly comparable compositions. The results also suggest that the process that converts eroded soils into bed sediments brings about a change in the organic matter property. The difference between soil and sediment Koc values provides a basis for identifying the source of suspended solids in river waters. The very high Koc values observed for some special soils and sediments are diagnostic of severe anthropogenic contamination.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00005a037","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kile, D.E., Chiou, C.T., and Zhou, H., 1995, Partition of nonpolar organic pollutants from water to soil and sediment organic matters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1401-1406, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00005a037.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1406","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a753be4b0c8380cd77a65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kile, Daniel E. dekile@usgs.gov","contributorId":1286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"Daniel","email":"dekile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, H.","contributorId":71309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018846,"text":"70018846 - 1995 - Inclusions in Mount St. Helens dacite erupted from 1980 through 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:41:45","indexId":"70018846","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inclusions in Mount St. Helens dacite erupted from 1980 through 1983","docAbstract":"Inclusions of plutonic, metavolcanic and volcanic rocks are abundant in dacite pumice and lava from the 1980–1986 eruption sequence at Mount St. Helens. Point counts of inclusions exposed in talus blocks from the dome from 1980 through 1983 show that inclusions form approximately 3.5 vol% of the lava. Eighty-five percent of the inclusions are medium-grained gabbros with an average diameter of 6 cm. Additional rock types include quartz diorite, hornfelsic basalt, dacite, andesite and vein quartz. Disaggregated inclusions are common and define shear planes within the dome. These fragmented inclusions may significantly contaminate analyses of the dacite.
The gabbroic inclusions are of four distinct types, all with mineral assemblages consistent with crystallization pressures of less than 9 kb. Textures and major-element compositions indicate that most of the gabbroic inclusions are cumulates. The most abundant inclusion type is laminated gabbronorite, which contains up to 9% interstitial glass, derived from partial melting. The presence of quartz veins and hornblende-bearing veins within sheared zones in the laminated gabbronorite indicates that the source of these inclusions was holocrystalline rock that had been penetrated by water-rich fluids. The gabbronorite contained sufficient water to be susceptible to partial melting when the magma that fed the 1980–1986 eruption sequence was emplaced nearby.
Various types of gabbroic inclusions, including the laminated gabbronorite, are common in Mount St. Helens lavas of approximately the last 3000 years. This coincides with the interval in which Mount St. Helens first erupted basalt and basaltic andesite lavas. These observations, together with the fact that the gabbroic inclusions are compositionally unlike any of the Tertiary intrusive rocks in the Mount St. Helens area, strongly suggest that the inclusions are related to the introduction of basalt to the Mount St. Helens magmatic system. The source of the gabbros could be a layered mafic pluton formed through crystal accumulation from multiple batches of basaltic magma emplaced at mid-to upper-crustal depths beneath the volcano.
The prevalence of explosive eruptions at Mount St. Helens may play a part in bringing the inclusions to the surface. The eruptive products of the cataclysmic eruption of May 18,1980 contain notably fewer inclusions than the pyroclastic flows and dome lavas erupted subsequently. This suggests that the May 18 eruption shattered conduit wall rock that was subsequently stoped into the magma and carried to the surface later in the eruption series.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00074-Q","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C., 1995, Inclusions in Mount St. Helens dacite erupted from 1980 through 1983: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 66, no. 1-4, p. 115-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00074-Q.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.35,\n 46.0833\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.0833\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -122.35,\n 46.3\n ],\n [\n -122.35,\n 46.0833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39e4e4b0c8380cd61a8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018842,"text":"70018842 - 1995 - Analysis and detection of the new corn herbicide acetochlor in river water and rain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T11:38:58","indexId":"70018842","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and detection of the new corn herbicide acetochlor in river water and rain","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00006a039","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P.D., Ma, L., Schroyer, B., Larson, S., and Gilchrist, T., 1995, Analysis and detection of the new corn herbicide acetochlor in river water and rain: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1702-1705, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00006a039.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1702","endPage":"1705","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaf5e4b0c8380cd48b16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, Lin","contributorId":205169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroyer, B. R.","contributorId":54226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroyer","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, Steven J.","contributorId":29845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilchrist, T.A.","contributorId":70127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilchrist","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018841,"text":"70018841 - 1995 - Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:05:15","indexId":"70018841","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1008,"text":"Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"The chemical composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff from a 30-m2 granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale Watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park was monitored over a 6-week period in the summer of 1994 to determine the importance of dry deposition in the alpine zone. Concentrations of acid anions and base cations were 1.1 to 4 times higher in bulk deposition than in precipitation. Concentrations of the same solutes were 3 to 10 times higher in runoff from the bedrock catchment than in bulk deposition, and during individual runoff events, the concentrations of most ions were highest in the initial runoff. Evaporation from the rock surface accounted for only a 15% increase in solute concentrations indicating that most of the dissolved load in bedrock runoff is derived from the dissolution of dry deposition that accumulates on the bedrock between storm events. These results indicate that dry deposition may be an important source of solutes to this alpine ecosystem.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 1995, Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA: Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 228, p. 235-242.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f92ae4b0c8380cd4d493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018827,"text":"70018827 - 1995 - The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:15:43","indexId":"70018827","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica","docAbstract":"Comparison of the chemical characteristics of spring and river water draining the flanks of Poas Volcano, Costa Rica indicates that acid chloride sulfate springs of the northwestern flank of the volcano are derived by leakage and mixing of acid brines formed in the summit hydrothermal system with dilute flank groundwater. Acid chloride sulfate waters of the Rio Agrio drainage basin on the northwestern flank are the only waters on Poas that are affected by leakage of acid brines from the summit hydrothermal system. Acid sulfate waters found on the northwestern flank are produced by the interaction of surface and shallow groundwater with dry and wet acid deposition of SO2 and H2SO4 aerosols, respectively. The acid deposition is caused by a plume of acid gases that is released by a shallow magma body located beneath the active crater of Poas. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)00079-V","usgsCitation":"Rowe, G., Brantley, S., Fernandez, J., and Borgia, A., 1995, The chemical and hydrologic structure of Poas volcano, Costa Rica: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 64, no. 3-4, p. 233-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00079-V.","startPage":"233","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269362,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00079-V"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa27e4b08c986b32272a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowe, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":54242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, J.F.","contributorId":84089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borgia, A.","contributorId":84090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borgia","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018824,"text":"70018824 - 1995 - Laboratory study of SO2 dry deposition on limestone and marble: Effects of humidity and surface variables","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018824","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Laboratory study of SO2 dry deposition on limestone and marble: Effects of humidity and surface variables","docAbstract":"The dry deposition of gaseous air pollutants on stone and other materials is influenced by atmospheric processes and the chemical characteristics of the deposited gas species and of the specific receptor material. Previous studies have shown that relative humidity, surface moisture, and acid buffering capability of the receptor surface are very important factors. To better quantify this behavior, a special recirculating wind tunnel/environmental chamber was constructed, in which wind speed, turbulence, air temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of several pollutants (SO2, O3, nitrogen oxides) can be held constant. An airfoil sample holder holds up to eight stone samples (3.8 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick) in nearly identical exposure conditions. SO2 deposition on limestone was found to increase exponentially with increasing relative humidity (RH). Marble behaves similarly, but with a much lower deposition rate. Trends indicate there is little deposition below 20% RH on clean limestone and below 60% RH on clean marble. This large difference is due to the limestone's greater porosity, surface roughness, and effective surface area. These results indicate surface variables generally limit SO2 deposition below about 70% RH on limestone and below at least 95% RH on marble. Aerodynamic variables generally limit deposition at higher relative humidity or when the surface is wet.The dry deposition of gaseous air pollutants on stone and other materials is influenced by atmospheric processes and the chemical characteristics of the deposited gas species and of the specific receptor material. Previous studies have shown that relative humidity, surface moisture, and acid buffering capability of the receptor surface are very important factors. To better quantify this behavior, a special recirculating wind tunnel/environmental chamber was constructed, in which wind speed, turbulence, air temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of several pollutants (SO2, O3, nitrogen oxides) can be held constant. An airfoil sample holder holds up to eight stone samples (3.8 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick) in nearly identical exposure conditions. SO2 deposition on limestone was found to increase exponentially with increasing relative humidity (RH). Marble behaves similarly, but with a much lower deposition rate. Trends indicate there is little deposition below 20% RH on clean limestone and below 60% RH on clean marble. This large difference is due to the limestone's greater porosity, surface roughness, and effective surface area. These results indicate surface variables generally limit SO2 deposition below about 70% RH on limestone and below at least 95% RH on marble. Aerodynamic variables generally limit deposition at higher relative humidity or when the surface is wet.","largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition: Science & Policy, ACID REIGN'95. Part 3","conferenceDate":"26 June 1995 through 30 June 1995","conferenceLocation":"Goteborg, Swed","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF01186239","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Spiker, E., Hosker, R., Weintraub, V., and Sherwood, S., 1995, Laboratory study of SO2 dry deposition on limestone and marble: Effects of humidity and surface variables, in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 4, Goteborg, Swed, 26 June 1995 through 30 June 1995, p. 2679-2685, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186239.","startPage":"2679","endPage":"2685","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186239"},{"id":226564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a411be4b0c8380cd652d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hosker, R.P. Jr.","contributorId":106655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosker","given":"R.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weintraub, V.C.","contributorId":17381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weintraub","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherwood, S.I.","contributorId":62251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018816,"text":"70018816 - 1995 - The stability of hydrogen ion and specific conductance in filtered wet-deposition samples stored at ambient temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018816","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The stability of hydrogen ion and specific conductance in filtered wet-deposition samples stored at ambient temperatures","docAbstract":"Separate experiments by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Illinois State Water Survey Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL) independently assessed the stability of hydrogen ion and specific conductance in filtered wet-deposition samples stored at ambient temperatures. The USGS experiment represented a test of sample stability under a diverse range of conditions, whereas the CAL experiment was a controlled test of sample stability. In the experiment by the USGS, a statistically significant (?? = 0.05) relation between [H+] and time was found for the composited filtered, natural, wet-deposition solution when all reported values are included in the analysis. However, if two outlying pH values most likely representing measurement error are excluded from the analysis, the change in [H+] over time was not statistically significant. In the experiment by the CAL, randomly selected samples were reanalyzed between July 1984 and February 1991. The original analysis and reanalysis pairs revealed that [H+] differences, although very small, were statistically different from zero, whereas specific-conductance differences were not. Nevertheless, the results of the CAL reanalysis project indicate there appears to be no consistent, chemically significant degradation in sample integrity with regard to [H+] and specific conductance while samples are stored at room temperature at the CAL. Based on the results of the CAL and USGS studies, short-term (45-60 day) stability of [H+] and specific conductance in natural filtered wet-deposition samples that are shipped and stored unchilled at ambient temperatures was satisfactory.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00477359","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Gordon, J., Schroder, L., Morden-Moore, A.L., and Bowersox, V., 1995, The stability of hydrogen ion and specific conductance in filtered wet-deposition samples stored at ambient temperatures: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 83, no. 3-4, p. 299-313, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00477359.","startPage":"299","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477359"},{"id":227184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb062e4b08c986b324e1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, J.D.","contributorId":26684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morden-Moore, A. L.","contributorId":78888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morden-Moore","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowersox, V.C.","contributorId":84409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowersox","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018807,"text":"70018807 - 1995 - Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:57:01.195032","indexId":"70018807","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"In an intensive subcontimental study of pesticides in surface waters of the United States, concentrations of 26 high-use pesticides were measured at nine sites in the Mississippi River basin from May 1991 through March 1992. Calculated total fluxes were combined with agricultural-use data to estimate the percentage of applied pesticide reaching the mouths of the Mississippi River and six major tributaries. For most pesticides, the riverine flux was less than 2% of the mass applied agriculturally. The insecticide diazinon was detected frequently in rivers draining the three basins with the highest population densities, apparently as a result of urban use.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(95)00176-9","usgsCitation":"Larson, S., Capel, P.D., Goolsby, D.A., Zaugg, S.D., and Sandstrom, M.W., 1995, Relations between pesticide use and riverine flux in the Mississippi River Basin: Chemosphere, v. 31, no. 5, p. 3305-3321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00176-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3305","endPage":"3321","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 29.726222319395504\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 32.13840869677249\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -83.5400390625,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -87.6708984375,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -101.513671875,\n 48.719961222646276\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -113.466796875,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.3134765625,\n 44.43377984606822\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -108.67675781249999,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 33.17434155100208\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 30.977609093348686\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 29.76437737516313\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 29.036960648558267\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 29.726222319395504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6fae4b0e8fec6cdc31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Steven J.","contributorId":29845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018806,"text":"70018806 - 1995 - Determination of nanogram per liter concentrations of volatile organic compounds in water by capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and its use to define groundwater flow directions in Edwards Aquifer, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T15:41:13.404596","indexId":"70018806","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of nanogram per liter concentrations of volatile organic compounds in water by capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and its use to define groundwater flow directions in Edwards Aquifer, Texas","docAbstract":"A method has been developed to measure nanogram per liter amounts of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and the isomers of dichlorobenzene in water. The method uses purge-and-trap techniques on a 100 mL sample, gas chromatography with a megabore capillary column, and electron impact, selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. Minimum detection levels for these compounds ranged from 1 to 4 ng/L in water. Recoveries from organic-free distilled water and natural groundwater ranged from 70.5% for dichlorodifluoromethane to 107.8% for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Precision was generally best for cis-1,2-dichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and the dichlorobenzene isomers and worst for dichlorodifluoromethane and trichlorofluoromethane. Blank data indicated persistent, trace-level introduction of dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and tetrachloroemene to samples during storage and shipment at concentrations less than the method reporting limits. The largest concentrations of the selected VOCs in 27 water samples from the Edwards aquifer near San Antonio, TX, were from confined-zone wells near an abandoned landfill. The results defined a zone of water with no detectable VOCs in nearly all of the aquifer west of San Antonio and from part of the confined zone beneath San Antonio.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac00116a008","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P., Rose, D., Ozuna, G., and Groschen, G., 1995, Determination of nanogram per liter concentrations of volatile organic compounds in water by capillary gas chromatography and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and its use to define groundwater flow directions in Edwards Aquifer, Texas: Analytical Chemistry, v. 67, no. 20, p. 3659-3667, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00116a008.","startPage":"3659","endPage":"3667","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb8e4b0c8380cd4f35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buszka, P.M.","contributorId":49001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, D.L.","contributorId":36960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozuna, G. 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Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Continued agricultural productivity in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, is threatened by the presence of shallow, poor-quality groundwater that can cause soil salinization. We evaluate the management alternative of using groundwater pumping to control the altitude of the water table and provide irrigation water requirements. A transient, three-dimensional, groundwater flow model was linked with nonlinear optimization to simulate management alternatives for the groundwater flow system. Optimal pumping strategies have been determined that substantially reduce the area subject to a shallow water table and bare-soil evaporation (that is, areas with a water table within 2.1 m of land surface) and the rate of drainflow to on-farm drainage systems. Optimal pumping strategies are constrained by the existing distribution of wells between the semiconfined and confined zones of the aquifer, by the distribution of sediment types (and associated hydraulic conductivities) in the western valley, and by the historical distribution of pumping throughout the western valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P., Wagner, B., and Belitz, K., 1995, Optimal pumping strategies for managing shallow, poorquality groundwater, western San Joaquin Valley, California: Models for assessing and monitoring groundwater quality. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 227, p. 141-148.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ee7e4b0c8380cd7586a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P.","contributorId":59191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, B.","contributorId":54354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018789,"text":"70018789 - 1995 - Mississippi river methods comparison study: Implications for water quality monitoring of dissolved trace elements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T18:36:12.807225","indexId":"70018789","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi river methods comparison study: Implications for water quality monitoring of dissolved trace elements","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T12:30:20.02735","indexId":"70018787","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of areas where irrigation drainage may induce selenium contamination of water","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of the Interior has investigated 25 areas in the western USA to determine whether irrigation drainage has caused harmful effects on wildlife or has reduced subsequent beneficial uses of the water. A database of chemical analyses of water, sediment, and biota from the 25 areas was created and supplemented with geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic data. The data were evaluated to identify common features among study areas and principal factors that result in Se contamination of water in lakes, ponds, and streams downgradient of irrigated areas. From the analysis of data, a decision tree that uses readily available geologic, climatologic, and hydrologic data was derived for use by resource managers as a screening tool to predict the likelihood that irrigation drainage will result in Se contamination in areas of the western USA. Irrigation in areas that are not associated with marine sedimentary rocks of late Cretaceous age is unlikely to cause Se contamination. Irrigation in very arid areas that are associated with these Cretaceous sediments is almost certain to cause Se contamination if the irrigation water drains to terminal lakes and ponds. The likelihood that an area will be contaminated with Se because of irrigation drainage can change, particularly with changes in precipitation. During normal or wet periods, Se contamination may not occur in an area, even though it has seleniferous soils, but reduced water deliveries during a drought in such an area may result in Se contamination.