{"pageNumber":"1631","pageRowStart":"40750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70019076,"text":"70019076 - 1995 - Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides in the San Francisco Estuary, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T08:43:51","indexId":"70019076","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides in the San Francisco Estuary, California","docAbstract":"<p>The transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides were examined in the San Francisco Estuary, California, by measuring dissolved- pesticide concentrations and estimating toxicity using bioassays at a series of sites in January and February 1993. Distinct pulses of pesticides, including diazinon, methidathion, and chlorpyrifos, were detected in the San Joaquin River in January and February and in the Sacramento River in February following rainfall. The higher pesticide loads in the Sacramento River compared with those in the San Joaquin River can be attributed to the greater amount of rainfall in the Sacramento Valley. The use patterns and water solubility of the pesticides can account for the observed temporal and spatial distributions in the two rivers. The pesticide pulses detected at Sacramento were followed through the northern embayment of San Francisco Estuary. In contrast, the pesticide distribution in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta changed from distinct pulses to steady increases in concentration over time. Seven-day bioassays indicated that Sacramento River water at Rio Vista was acutely toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea) for 3 consecutive d and San Joaquin River water at Vernalis for 12 consecutive d. These water samples all had the highest diazinon concentrations. Examination of 96-h LC50 values (lethal concentration that kills 50% of test organisms in 96 H) indicates that measured diazinon concentrations could account for most but not all the observed toxicity. Other pesticides present could contribute to the toxicity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620140704","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., and Foe, C., 1995, Concentrations, transport and biological effects of dormant spray pesticides in the San Francisco Estuary, California: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1141-1150, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140704.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9a1e4b0c8380cd4d6d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foe, C.G.","contributorId":71329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foe","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018772,"text":"70018772 - 1995 - Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018772","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated the feasibility of utilizing an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to collect velocity and discharge data in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, in May 1994. An ADCP is an instrument that can be used to measure water velocity and discharge from a moving boat. Measurements of velocity and discharge were made with an ADCP at 54 cross sections along the Colorado River between the Little Colorado River and Diamond Creek. Concurrent measurements of discharge with an ADCP and a Price-AA current meter were made at three U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations: Colorado River above the Little Colorado River near Desert View, Colorado River near Grand Canyon, and Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs. Discharges measured with an ADCP were within 3 percent of the rated discharge at each streamflow-gaging station. Discharges measured with the ADCP were within 4 percent of discharges measured with a Price-AA meter, except at the Colorado River above Diamond Creek. Vertical velocity profiles were measured with the ADCP from a stationary position at four cross sections along the Colorado River. Graphs of selected vertical velocity profiles collected in a cross section near National Canyon show considerable temporal variation among profile.","largerWorkTitle":"International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Resources. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Fisk, G.G., 1995, Measurements of velocity and discharge, Grand Canyon, Arizona, May 1994, <i>in</i> International Water Resources Engineering Conference - Proceedings, v. 2, San Antonio, TX, USA, 14 August 1995 through 18 August 1995, p. 1774-1778.","startPage":"1774","endPage":"1778","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a533ce4b0c8380cd6c959","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","contributorId":128391,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Espey William H.Combs Phil G.","id":536435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisk, Gregory G.","contributorId":51728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisk","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018762,"text":"70018762 - 1995 - Tilted middle Tertiary ash-flow calderas and subjacent granitic plutons, southern Stillwater Range, Nevada: Cross sections of an Oligocene igneous center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:44:44.739972","indexId":"70018762","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tilted middle Tertiary ash-flow calderas and subjacent granitic plutons, southern Stillwater Range, Nevada: Cross sections of an Oligocene igneous center","docAbstract":"<p>Steeply tilted late Oligocene caldera systems in the Stillwater caldera complex record a number of unusual features including extreme thickness of caldera-related deposits (&gt;4–5.5 km), lack of conclusive evidence for structural doming of the calderas despite intrusion of cogenetic plutonic rocks, and preservation of vertical compositional zoning in the plutonic rocks. The Stillwater caldera complex comprises three partly overlapping ash-flow calderas and subjacent plutonic rocks that were steeply tilted during early Miocene extension. The calderas and cogenetic plutonic rocks are exposed in cross section over an unusually large depth range of ∼10 km.</p><p>The Job Canyon caldera, the oldest (ca. 29–28 Ma) caldera, consists of two structural blocks. The north block consists of 0–1500 m of precollapse intermediate composition lava flows and breccias overlain by 2000 m of intracaldera rhyolite ash-flow tuff locally interbedded with thick sequences of caldera-collapse breccia, overlain in turn by 2500 m of intermediate lava flows and minor lacustrine and fluvial sedimentary rocks. The south block consists of thinner sequences (total thickness ≤2500 m) of intermediate lava flows and ash-flow tuff with local interbedded collapse breccia. The north part of the caldera is intruded by the cogenetic IXL pluton, which is vertically zoned downward from granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite.</p><p>The 25 to 23 Ma Poco Canyon and Elevenmile Canyon calderas and underlying Freeman Creek pluton overlap in time and space with each other. Caldera-related deposits in the Poco Canyon caldera comprise two cooling units of crystal-rich rhyolite and high-silica rhyolite tuff (tuff of Poco Canyon) separated by a unit of crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite tuff and caldera-collapse breccia (megabreccia of Government Trail Canyon) and by a thick unit of crystal-rich rhyolite and trachydacite ash-flow tuff related to the Elevenmile Canyon caldera (tuff of Elevenmile Canyon). Total thickness of caldera-related deposits is locally &gt;4500 m in the Poco Canyon caldera. The Elevenmile Canyon caldera is filled by &gt;3000 m of ash-flow tuff (tuff of Elevenmile Canyon), locally overlain by a unit of water-laid rhyolite tuff and sedimentary rocks and by a locally thick unit of rhyolite ash-flow tuff (tuff of Lee Canyon). Total thickness of caldera-related deposits in the Elevenmile Canyon caldera is &gt;4000 m. The composite Freeman Creek pluton intrudes the central and north parts of these calderas and consists of an older granodiorite porphyry phase probably related to the Elevenmile Canyon caldera and a younger granite phase probably related to the Poco Canyon caldera. A 7-km-long, texturally zoned rhyolite-porphyry to granite-porphyry dike intruded the north edges of these calderas and is probably a ring-fracture dike related to the Poco Canyon caldera.</p><p>Caldera collapse occurred mostly along subvertical ring-fracture faults that penetrated to depths of &gt;5 km and were repeatedly active during eruption of ash-flow tuffs. Subsidiary growth faults with relatively minor displacement are present in caldera-related deposits in the interior of the Job Canyon caldera. A fault separating the two structural blocks of the Job Canyon caldera later served as the north walls of both the Poco Canyon and the Elevenmile Canyon calderas. A second, long-active fault formed the south margin of the Job Canyon caldera, separated the Poco Canyon and Elevenmile Canyon calderas into blocks with greatly different amounts of caldera-related deposits, and later was reactivated during early Miocene extension. The calderas collapsed as large piston-like blocks, and there is no evidence for chaotic collapse. Preserved parts of caldera floors are relatively flat surfaces several kilometers across.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0180:TMTAFC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"John, D., 1995, Tilted middle Tertiary ash-flow calderas and subjacent granitic plutons, southern Stillwater Range, Nevada: Cross sections of an Oligocene igneous center: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, no. 2, p. 180-200, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1995)107<0180:TMTAFC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb38ce4b08c986b325e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, D. A.","contributorId":43748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019053,"text":"70019053 - 1995 - Modeling photosynthetically active radiation in water of Tampa Bay, Florida, with emphasis on the geometry of incident irradiance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:47:31","indexId":"70019053","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling photosynthetically active radiation in water of Tampa Bay, Florida, with emphasis on the geometry of incident irradiance","docAbstract":"A model is developed that uses a simplified geometric description of incident direct solar beam and diffuse skylight. The model incorporates effects of solar elevation angle and cloudiness on the amount of in-air photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that passes through the air-water interface and on K0 in waters of relatively low turbidity. The value of K0 was estimated to vary as much as 41% on a clear summer day due to changes in solar elevation angle. The model was used to make estimates of the depth to which sea-grasses might receive adequate light for survival for a range of values of K0. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1995.0025","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., and McPherson, B.F., 1995, Modeling photosynthetically active radiation in water of Tampa Bay, Florida, with emphasis on the geometry of incident irradiance: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 40, no. 4, p. 359-377, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0025.","startPage":"359","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269298,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1995.0025"},{"id":226451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1be4b0c8380cd6fa3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85332,"text":"85332 - 1995 - Water-use efficiency as monitored by dendrochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:57:56","indexId":"85332","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water-use efficiency as monitored by dendrochemistry","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tree rings as indicators of ecosystem health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press, Inc.","publisherLocation":"London, UK","usgsCitation":"Guyette, R., and Cutter, B., 1995, Water-use efficiency as monitored by dendrochemistry, chap. <i>of</i> Tree rings as indicators of ecosystem health, p. 95-122.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c39","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lewis, T.E.","contributorId":55926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504400,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Guyette, R.P.","contributorId":10746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyette","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cutter, B.E.","contributorId":30935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutter","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019056,"text":"70019056 - 1995 - North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late pliocene and late quaternary climatic cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:30:56","indexId":"70019056","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late pliocene and late quaternary climatic cycles","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variations in the ratio of magnesium to calcium (Mg/Ca) in fossil ostracodes from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 607 in the deep North Atlantic show that the change in bottom water temperature during late Pliocene 41,000-year obliquity cycles averaged 1.5°C between 3.2 and 2.8 million years ago (Ma) and increased to 2.3°C between 2.8 and 2.3 Ma, coincidentally with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. During the last two 100,000-year glacial-to-interglacial climatic cycles of the Quaternary, bottom water temperatures changed by 4.5°C. These results show that glacial deepwater cooling has intensified since 3.2 Ma, most likely as the result of progressively diminished deep-water production in the North Atlantic and of the greater influence of Antarctic bottom water in the North Atlantic during glacial periods. The ostracode Mg/Ca data also allow the direct determination of the temperature component of the benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope record from Site 607, as well as derivation of a hypothetical sea-level curve for the late Pliocene and late Quaternary. The effects of dissolution on the Mg/Ca ratios of ostracode shells appear to have been minimal.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.270.5240.1347","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, G., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P., Raymo, M., Buzas, J.S., and Correge, T., 1995, North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late pliocene and late quaternary climatic cycles: Science, v. 270, no. 5240, p. 1347-1351, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5240.1347.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1351","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487242,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":226494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","issue":"5240","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6825e4b0c8380cd7362a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, P.A.","contributorId":55148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymo, M.E.","contributorId":21702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymo","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buzas, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":86080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzas","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Correge, T.","contributorId":6602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Correge","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019215,"text":"70019215 - 1995 - Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70019215","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The chemical composition of snowmelt, groundwater, and streamwater was monitored during the spring of 1991 and 1992 in a 200-ha subalpine catchment on the western flank of the Rocky Mountains near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Most of the snowmelt occurred during a one-month period annually that began in mid-May 1991 and mid-April 1992. The average water quality characteristics of individual sampling sites (meltwater, streamwater, and groundwater) were similar in 1991 and 1992. The major ions in meltwater were differentially eluted from the snowpack, and meltwater was dominated by Ca2+, SO4/2-, and NO3/-. Groundwater and streamwater were dominated by weathering products, including Ca2+, HCO3/- (measured as alkalinity), and SiO2, and their concentrations decreased as snowmelt progressed. One well had extremely high NO3/- concentrations, which were balanced by Ca2+ concentrations. For this well, hydrogen ion was hypothesized to be generated from nitrification in overlying soils, and subsequently exchanged with other cations, particularly Ca2+. Solute concentrations in streamwater also decreased as snowmelt progressed. Variations in groundwater levels and solute concentrations indicate thai most of the meltwater traveled through the surficial materials. A mass balance for 1992 indicated that the watershed retained H+, NH4/+, NO3/-, SO4/2- and Cl- and was the primary source of base cations and other weathering products. Proportionally more SO4/2- was deposited with the unusually high summer rainfall in 1992 compared to that released from snowmelt, whereas NO3/- was higher in snowmelt and Cl- was the same. The sum of snowmelt and rainfall could account for greater than 90% of the H+ and NH4/+ retained by the watershed and greater than 50% of the NO3/-.The chemical composition of snowmelt, groundwater, and streamwater was monitored during the spring of 1991 and 1992 in a 200-ha subalpine catchment on the western flank of the Rocky Mountains near Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The major ions in meltwater were differentially eluted from the snowpack, and meltwater was dominated by Ca2+, SO42-, and NO3-. Groundwater and streamwater were dominated by weathering products and their concentrations decreased as snowmelt progressed. Solute concentrations in streamwater also decreased as snowmelt progressed. A mass balance for 1992 showed that the watershed retained H+, NH4+, NO3-, SO42- and Cl- and was the primary source of base cations and other weathering products.","largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour: Evaluation of Integrated Monitoring in Small Catchments","conferenceDate":"18 September 1993 through 20 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Prague, Czech Repub","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF01100436","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Leavesley, G., 1995, Biotic and abiotic processes controlling water chemistry during snowmelt at rabbit ears pass, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A., <i>in</i> Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 79, no. 1-4, Prague, Czech Repub, 18 September 1993 through 20 September 1993, p. 171-190, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01100436.","startPage":"171","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205784,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100436"},{"id":226777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1a2e4b0c8380cd4ad5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018841,"text":"70018841 - 1995 - Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:05:15","indexId":"70018841","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1008,"text":"Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"The chemical composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff from a 30-m2 granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale Watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park was monitored over a 6-week period in the summer of 1994 to determine the importance of dry deposition in the alpine zone. Concentrations of acid anions and base cations were 1.1 to 4 times higher in bulk deposition than in precipitation. Concentrations of the same solutes were 3 to 10 times higher in runoff from the bedrock catchment than in bulk deposition, and during individual runoff events, the concentrations of most ions were highest in the initial runoff. Evaporation from the rock surface accounted for only a 15% increase in solute concentrations indicating that most of the dissolved load in bedrock runoff is derived from the dissolution of dry deposition that accumulates on the bedrock between storm events. These results indicate that dry deposition may be an important source of solutes to this alpine ecosystem.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 1995, Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA: Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. Proc. symposium, Boulder, 1995, v. 228, p. 235-242.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f92ae4b0c8380cd4d493","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184287,"text":"70184287 - 1995 - Survival of juvenile black brant during brood rearing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T17:40:18","indexId":"70184287","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of juvenile black brant during brood rearing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Survival of young is an important and poorly understood component of waterfowl productivity. We estimated survival of black brant (<i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i>) goslings during summers 1987-89 on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, to determine timing and magnitude of gosling mortality and to compare methods of estimating gosling survival. Eighty-two percent of radio-tagged adult females (n = 61) fledged ≥1 gosling (brood success). We estimated survival of goslings within broods by 3 methods: (1) changes in mean brood size through time, (2) observation of goslings associated with marked adults, and (3) age ratios of brant captured in banding drives. Estimates of gosling survival within successful broods averaged 81% and ranged from 66 to 92%. Combining brood success and gosling survival within successful broods yielded estimates of overall gosling survival that averaged 68%, ranging from 79% in 1987 to 56% in 1989. Eighty-two percent of gosling mortality occurred in the first 15 days. Estimates of survival on the basis of age ratios of birds captured in banding drives are biased low. Our estimates of average gosling survival are higher than reported for other species of geese.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802451","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Sedinger, J.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1995, Survival of juvenile black brant during brood rearing: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 59, no. 3, p. 455-463, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802451.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"463","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833fe4b014cc3a3a9a19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014929,"text":"1014929 - 1995 - Perch mercury content is related to acidity and color of 26 Russian Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:16:54","indexId":"1014929","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perch mercury content is related to acidity and color of 26 Russian Lakes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00476931","collaboration":"96-079/PY96/AE","usgsCitation":"Haines, T., Komov, V., Matey, V., and Jagoe, C.H., 1995, Perch mercury content is related to acidity and color of 26 Russian Lakes: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 85, no. 2, p. 823-828, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00476931.","productDescription":"p. 823-828","startPage":"823","endPage":"828","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267638,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476931"},{"id":130918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Komov, V.T.","contributorId":104443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komov","given":"V.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matey, V.E.","contributorId":28203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jagoe, C. H.","contributorId":97456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagoe","given":"C.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180715,"text":"70180715 - 1995 - Water over the bridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T15:17:14","indexId":"70180715","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":743,"text":"American Scientist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water over the bridge","docAbstract":"<p>The March-April issue of American Scientist contains a commentary by Julia K. Parrish and P. Dee Boersma (<i>Macroscope</i>, \"Muddy Waters\") that purports to \"assess the validity of the claims made concerning seabird mortality as a result of the [Exxon Valdez oil] spill.\" Parrish and Boersma would have us believe that estimates of seabird mortality made in 1990 by myself and colleagues were exaggerated and that later upward revisions of those estimates were unwarranted. Their assessment, however, is seriously flawed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., 1995, Water over the bridge: American Scientist, v. 83, no. 5, p. 396-398.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"398","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac12993c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":95298,"text":"95298 - 1995 - Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":95298,"text":"95298 - 1995 - Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")","indexId":"95298","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T11:19:36","indexId":"95298","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\")","docAbstract":"<p>Acidic deposition, or \"acid rain,\" describes any form of precipitation, including rain, snow, and fog, with a pH of 5.5 or below (Note: pH values below 7 are acidic; vinegar has a pH of 3). It often results when the acidity of normal precipitation is increased by sulfates and nitrates that are emitted into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. This form of airborne contamination is considered harmful, both directly and indirectly, to a host of plant and animal species.</p><p>Although acid rain can fall virtually anywhere, ecological damages in environmentally sensitive areas downwind of industrial and urban emissions are a major concern. This includes areas that have a reduced capacity to neutralize acid inputs because of low alkalinity soils and areas that contain species with a low tolerance to acid conditions. To determine the distribution of acidic deposition and evaluate its biological effects, research and monitoring are being conducted by the federal government with support from states, universities, and private industry.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>The national extent of the acid rain problem has been estimated by sampling water from 3,000 lakes and 500 streams (Irving 1991), representing more than 28,000 lakes and 56,000 stream reaches with a total of 200,000 km (125,000 mi). Some particularly sensitive areas, such as the Adirondack Mountain region, have been more intensively sampled and the biota examined in detail for effects from acidity.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>To identify trends in aquatic ecosystems, present and historical survey data on water chemistry and associated biota are compared. In lakes, the chemical and biological history and pH trends may be inferred or reconstructed in some cases by examining assemblages of fossil diatoms and aquatic invertebrates in the sediment layers. In terrestrial ecosystems, vegetation damage is surveyed and effects of acidic deposition to plants and animals are determined from laboratory and field exposure experiments. Natural variation in populations and the complex interactions between acidity and other ecosystem components make it difficult to extend many of the research findings to populations or communities. Acidity can also modify ecosystem processes such as decomposition and the flow of nutrients. Therefore, models are often used to predict such effects by combining information on individual species' effects, population distributions, and the patterns and amounts of acidic deposition.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, R.K., 1995, Acidic deposition (\"acid rain\"), chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 418-420.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"420","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a350b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505506,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505509,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":505507,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505508,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505505,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, R. Kent","contributorId":58145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003178,"text":"1003178 - 1995 - Evaluation of an extendable pole-net to collect heron eggs in the canopy of tall trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:33:34.643718","indexId":"1003178","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an extendable pole-net to collect heron eggs in the canopy of tall trees","docAbstract":"A pole, extendable from 2 to 8 m, with a nylon-mesh collecting net, was used to retrieve eggs from nests of  Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) in the canopy of floodplain forests. A total of 200 eggs was collected for  contaminant analysis from ten colonies along the upper Mississippi River during the spring of 1993. Low egg  breakage (1%) and acceptable survival of embryos in an incubator to pipping (55%) indicated that the device  was useful.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521409","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Hines, R.K., and Custer, T., 1995, Evaluation of an extendable pole-net to collect heron eggs in the canopy of tall trees: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 18, no. 1, p. 120-122, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521409.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9cd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013313,"text":"1013313 - 1995 - Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1013313","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys","docAbstract":"We modified standard aerial survey data collection to obtain the geographic location for each waterfowl observation on surveys in Alaska during 1987-1993. Using transect navigation with CPS (global positioning system), data recording on continuously running tapes, and a computer data input program, we located observations with an average deviation along transects of 214 m. The method provided flexibility in survey design and data analysis. Although developed for geese nesting near the coast of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, the methods are widely applicable and were used on other waterfowl surveys in Alaska to map distribution and relative abundance of waterfowl. Accurate location data with GIS analysis and display may improve precision and usefulness of data from any aerial transect survey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Butler, W., Hodges, J., and Stehn, R., 1995, Locating waterfowl observations on aerial surveys: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 23, no. 2, p. 148-154.","productDescription":"pp. 148-154","startPage":"148","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, W.I.","contributorId":96647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hodges, J.I.","contributorId":51264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85749,"text":"85749 - 1995 - Florida manatees","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85749,"text":"85749 - 1995 - Florida manatees","indexId":"85749","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Florida manatees"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:40:04","indexId":"85749","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Florida manatees","docAbstract":"<p>The endangered Florida manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus latirostris</i>) is a survivor. It is one of only three living species of manatees which, along with their closest living relative, the dugong (<i>Dugong dugon</i>), make up the Order Sirenia. This taxonomic distinctiveness reflects their evolutionary and genetic uniqueness. Sirenians are the only herbivorous marine mammals; manatees feed on seagrasses; freshwater plants, including nuisance species such as hydrilla and water hyacinth; and even some shoreline vegetation. Because manatees depend on marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems, our efforts to protect them necessitate protection of aquatic resources.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Lefebvre, L.W., and O’Shea, T.J., 1995, Florida manatees, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 267-269.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df6a6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691811,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691812,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691815,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Lefebvre, Lynn W. 0000-0002-4464-6263 llefebvre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6263","contributorId":1614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"Lynn","email":"llefebvre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Shea, Thomas J. osheat@usgs.gov","contributorId":2327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Shea","given":"Thomas","email":"osheat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000650,"text":"1000650 - 1995 - Flowing recirculated-water system for inducing laboratory spawning of sea lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:30:45.452208","indexId":"1000650","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flowing recirculated-water system for inducing laboratory spawning of sea lampreys","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a water‐recirculating system for inducing spawning of sea lampreys (</span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i><span>) held under laboratory conditions. Water temperature in the system was gradually increased to and maintained at 18 ± 2°C, the optimal temperature for spawning. About 10% freshwater was added daily to prevent buildup of waste products. Sea lampreys were provided substrate (approximately 3–6 cm in diameter) to build nests, and a water velocity of 0.2–0.3 m!s was maintained with an electric trolling motor. Sea lampreys held in this system exhibited characteristic spawning behavior. Prolarvae produced from artificial fertilization of gametes developed according to the standard timeline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0297:FRWSFI%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fredricks, K., and Seelye, J.G., 1995, Flowing recirculated-water system for inducing laboratory spawning of sea lampreys: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 57, no. 4, p. 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057%3C0297:FRWSFI%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"301","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fredricks, Kim T. 0000-0003-2363-7891 kfredricks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-7891","contributorId":5163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredricks","given":"Kim T.","email":"kfredricks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":309014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70181811,"text":"70181811 - 1995 - Pinyon-juniper woodlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T10:36:54","indexId":"70181811","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RM-GTR-268","chapter":"6","title":"Pinyon-juniper woodlands","docAbstract":"<p>Pinyon-juniper woodlands are one of the largest ecosystems in the Southwest and in the Middle Rio Grande Basin (Fig. 1). The woodlands have been important to the region's inhabitants since prehistoric times for a variety of natural resources and amenities. The ecosystems have not been static; their distributions, stand characteristics, and site conditions have been altered by changes in climatic patterns and human use and, often, abuse. Management of these lands since European settlement has varied from light exploitation and benign neglect, to attempts to remove the trees in favor of forage for livestock, and then to a realization that these lands contain useful resources and should be managed accordingly. </p><p>Land management agencies are committed to ecosystem management. While there are several definitions of ecosystem management, the goal is to use ecological approaches to create and maintain diverse, productive, and healthy ecosystems (Kaufmann et al. 1994). Ecosystem management recognizes that people are an integral part of the system and that their needs must be considered. Ecological approaches are central to the concept, but our understanding of basic woodland ecology is incomplete, and there are different opinions and interpretations of existing information (Gottfried and Severson 1993). There are many questions concerning proper ecosystem management of the pinyon-juniper woodlands and how managers can achieve these goals (Gottfried and Severson 1993). While the broad concept of ecosystem management generally is accepted, the USDA Forest Service, other public land management agencies, American Indian tribes, and private landowners may have differing definitions of what constitutes desired conditions. </p><p>Key questions about the pinyon-juniper ecosystems remain unanswered. Some concern the basic dynamics of biological and physical components of the pinyon-juniper ecosystems. Others concern the distribution of woodlands prior to European settlement and changes since the introduction of livestock and fire control. This relates to whether tree densities have been increasing or whether trees are invading grasslands and, to a lesser extent, drier ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. In areas where woodlands were heavily used by American Indians for fuelwood prior to European contact, the advance of pinyon and juniper could represent the slow recovery from intensive use (Samuels and Betancourt 1982). There are numerous questions regarding declines in watershed condition related to changes in pinyon-juniper tree stand densities and to the density and composition of understory vegetation. There are different opinions about proper management of woodland ecosystems. Should these lands be managed for a single resource, such as forage for livestock production, or managed for sustained production of multiple resource products and amenities? Depending on site and stand conditions, the woodlands can produce variable quantities of fuelwood, pinyon nuts, wildlife habitat, forage for livestock, and cover for watershed protection. Management must&nbsp;also consider increasing recreational demands, threatened and endangered species, and protection of archeological sites. Many pinyon-juniper woodland watersheds in New Mexico have unsatisfactory soil and watershed conditions (USDA Forest Service 1993); managers must develop restoration procedures that recognize the value of woodland ecosystems.&nbsp;</p><p>The concerns, questions, and conflicts surrounding management of pinyon-juniper lands, as well as the ecological foundations of ecosystem management, require that all interested parties reevaluate attitudes toward the woodlands. Ecosystem management goals and concepts recognize diversity. Pinyonjuniper woodlands are diverse, and stand characteristics and site productivities vary. Management objectives and prescriptions must evaluate the potential of each site, and decisions must be based on sound scientific information. This information is often unavailable. Therefore, this paper describes what we do know about the characteristics, distribution, and ecology of pinyon-juniper woodlands, including the effects of natural and human factors, within the southwestern United States and particularly the Middle Rio Grande Basin. It also reviews some past and present management options in this widespread&nbsp;and important vegetation type. The review draws on research and management information from the Rio Grande Basin and from similar areas in the Southwest and adjacent regions. It does not attempt to review all of the relevant literature; additional sources can be found within the articles cited in the References.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology, diversity, and sustainability of the Middle Rio Grande Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Gottfried, G.J., Swetnam, T., Allen, C.D., Betancourt, J.L., and Chung-MacCoubrey, A.L., 1995, Pinyon-juniper woodlands: General Technical Report RM-GTR-268, 138 p.","productDescription":"138 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38860"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42548e4b0c825128ad4c9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Finch, Deborah M.","contributorId":59894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668683,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tainter, Joseph A.","contributorId":181574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tainter","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668684,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gottfried, Gerald J.","contributorId":181573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gottfried","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":90455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chung-MacCoubrey, Alice L.","contributorId":37680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung-MacCoubrey","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":85753,"text":"85753 - 1995 - Southeastern freshwater fishes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85753,"text":"85753 - 1995 - Southeastern freshwater fishes","indexId":"85753","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Southeastern freshwater fishes"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T16:12:29","indexId":"85753","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Southeastern freshwater fishes","docAbstract":"<p>North America has the richest fauna of temperate freshwater fishes in the world, with about 800 native species in the waters of Canada and the United States. The center of this diversity is in the southeastern United States, where as many as 500 species may exist (62% of the continental fauna north of Mexico). Many coastal marine species also enter fresh waters of the Southeast, and at least 34 foreign fish species are established in the region.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Although freshwater fishes of the United States are better studied than any fish fauna of comparable scope in the world (Lee et al. 1980; Hocutt and Wiley 1986; Matthews and Heins 1987; Page and Burr 1991; Mayden 1992), large gaps exist in scientific knowledge about the biology and ecology of most species. New species are still being discovered, and the taxonomy of other species is being refined.</p><p>Seriously declining populations of freshwater fishes in the United States concern the scientific community (Deacon et al. 1979; Williams et al. 1989; Moyle and Leidy 1992; Warren and Burr 1994). This article briefly summarizes the current conservation status of southeastern freshwater fishes; the Southeast is emphasized because of its important fish biodiversity and to focus attention on the growing problem of adverse human impacts on the region's aquatic habitats (Mount 1986; Burkhead and Jenkins 1991; Etnier and Starnes 1991; Warren and Burr 1994).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Walsh, S.J., Burkhead, N.M., and Williams, J.D., 1995, Southeastern freshwater fishes, chap. <i>of</i> Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 144-147.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e73e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504757,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504760,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":504758,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504759,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504756,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1009-8537 swalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":1456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Stephen","email":"swalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkhead, Noel M. nburkhead@usgs.gov","contributorId":3030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"Noel","email":"nburkhead@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, James D.","contributorId":17690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12556,"text":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000662,"text":"1000662 - 1995 - Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-29T10:38:53","indexId":"1000662","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Self-sustaining populations of lake trout <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> have returned to most areas in Lake Superior, but progress toward achieving historic commercial yields has been difficult to measure because of unrecorded losses to predation by sea lamprey <i>Petromyzon marinus</i> and to fisheries.  Consequently, we developed restoration targets (catch per effort, CPE; geometric mean number per kilometer of 114-mm stretch-meaure gill net during 1929-1943, when historic yields were sustained) from linear relationships between CPE in commercial and assessment fisheries in Michigan.  Target CPEs for lake trout restoration were higher and less variable than the modern CPEs in all areas.  Modern CPEs generally increased during the 1970s and early 1980s but declined during the late 1980s and early 1990s.  Modern CPEs were highest in western Michigan from the Keweenaw Peninsula to Marquette (71 to 81% of target CPEs), but coefficients of variation (CV,SD/mean) of mean CPEs were 1.4 to 2.4 times greater than target CVs.  Around Munising, the modern CPE was lower (41% of the target CPE), whereas the CV was 1.9 times greater than the target CV.  Around Grand Marais, the modern CPE was lowest among all areas (17% of the target CPE), but the CV was nearly the same (1.1 times the target CV).  In Whitefish Bay, the modern CPE was only 28% of the target CPE and the CV was 9.0 times greater, though the modern period was based on only the years 1979-1982 and 1984-1985. Further progress in restoration in most areas can be achieved only if fishery managers adequately protect existing stocks of wild fish from sea lamprey predation and fishery exploitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Schorfhaar, R.G., Peck, J.W., Selgeby, J.H., and Taylor, W., 1995, Abundance indices for determining the status of lake trout restoration in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 830-837, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"p. 830-837","startPage":"830","endPage":"837","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266674,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0830:AIFDTS>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":133373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a378a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schorfhaar, Richard G.","contributorId":76258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorfhaar","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, James W.","contributorId":78277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":49735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174715,"text":"70174715 - 1995 - Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T09:02:49","indexId":"70174715","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuaries are transitional ecosystems at the interface of the terrestrial and marine realms. Their unique physiographic position gives rise to large spatial variability, and to dynamic temporal variability resulting, in part, from a variety of forces and fluxes at the oceanic and terrestrial boundaries. River flow, in particular, is an important mechanism for delivering watershed-derived materials such as fresh water, sediments, and nutrients; each of these quantities in turn directly influences the physical structure and biological communities of estuaries. With this setting in mind, we consider here the general proposition that estuarine variability at the yearly time scale can be caused by annual fluctuations in river flow. We use a “long-term” (15-year) time series of phytoplankton biomass variability in South San Francisco Bay (SSFB), a lagoon-type estuary in which phytoplankton primary production is the largest source of organic carbon (</span><span class=\"CitationRef\">Jassby et al. 1993</span><span>).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological time","language":"English","publisher":"Springer ","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A.D., 1995, Year-to-year fluctuation of the spring phytoplankton bloom in south San Francisco Bay: An example of ecological variability at the land-sea interface, chap. <i>of</i> Ecological time, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.785910776551354\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35610961914062,\n              37.81629348024509\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.30255126953126,\n              37.8271414168374\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32177734375,\n              37.79893346559687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25860595703125,\n              37.792422407988575\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.21466064453125,\n              37.763115548102924\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18582153320312,\n              37.69577435330179\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.14462280273436,\n              37.61640705577992\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13912963867188,\n              37.580500850738936\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09655761718749,\n              37.58811876638322\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05947875976562,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95510864257811,\n              37.47594794878128\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92901611328125,\n              37.45632796865522\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02102661132814,\n              37.42906945530329\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08831787109375,\n              37.43997405227057\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13775634765625,\n              37.48575600784828\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.244873046875,\n              37.55111016010861\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.33276367187499,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3712158203125,\n              37.606616172899535\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39593505859376,\n              37.678386041261184\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39593505859376,\n              37.70772645289051\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36297607421874,\n              37.73162487017297\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39730834960938,\n              37.77505678240509\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39044189453124,\n              37.785910776551354\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7c2e4b0d27deb387069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70177024,"text":"70177024 - 1995 - A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T14:52:13","indexId":"70177024","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices","docAbstract":"<p><span>A survey is presented of some recent results for passive sampling of water and air for trace organic contaminants using lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Results of water sampling for trace organochlorine compounds using simultaneously exposed SPMDs and the most universally applied biomonitor (bivalves) are discussed. In general, the total amounts of accumulated analytes available for analysis in bivalves and SPMDs were comparable. However, SPMD controls typically had negligible levels of contamination, which was not always the case for transplanted bivalves, even after prolonged depuration prior to exposure. In surveys of the spatial trends of organochlorines at a series of sites, data from bivalves and SPMDs provided the same picture of contaminant distribution and severity. An exception was ionizable contaminants such as the chlorinated phenolic compounds and their transformation products found in pulp mill effluents. In these cases the two monitoring approaches compliment each other, i.e. what is not found in bivalves appears in SPMDs and vice versa. SPMDs have also been applied in environments where biomonitoring is not feasible. SPMDs have shown their utility in studies of trace levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by locating and characterizing point sources. An example is given of their application to the calculation of contaminant half-lives from aqueous SPMD residues, a direct measurement of the persistence of contaminants in an environmental compartment. Similarly, results of air sampling with SPMDs in a relatively pristine coastal location are cited which reveal a tremendous enhancement in </span><i>p,p′</i><span>-DDE relative to open ocean values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(95)00146-E","usgsCitation":"Prest, H.F., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Herve, S., Paasivirta, J., and Heinonen, P., 1995, A survey of recent results in passive sampling of water and air by semipermeable membrane devices: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4-12, p. 306-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00146-E.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5801eec0e4b0824b2d18c43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prest, Harry F.","contributorId":175401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prest","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herve, Sirpa","contributorId":175403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herve","given":"Sirpa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paasivirta, Jaakko","contributorId":175404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paasivirta","given":"Jaakko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heinonen, Pertti","contributorId":175405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinonen","given":"Pertti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70177041,"text":"70177041 - 1995 - Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in sewage effluent to <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: II. Using a generalized linear model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:44:09","indexId":"70177041","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in sewage effluent to <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: II. Using a generalized linear model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Toxicity of un-ionized ammonia (NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N) to the midge, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Chironomus riparius</i><span> was compared, using laboratory culture (well) water and sewage effluent (≈0.4 mg/L NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N) in two 96-h, static-renewal toxicity experiments. A generalized linear model was used for data analysis. For the first and second experiments, respectively, LC</span><sub>50</sub><span> values were 9.4 mg/L (Test 1A) and 6.6 mg/L (Test 2A) for ammonia in well water, and 7.8 mg/L (Test 1B) and 4.1 mg/L (Test 2B) for ammonia in sewage effluent. Slopes of dose-response curves for Tests 1A and 2A were equal, but mortality occurred at lower NH</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N concentrations in Test 2A (unequal intercepts). Response of</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">C. riparius</i><span> to NH</span><sub>3</sub><span> in effluent was not consistent; dose-response curves for tests 1B and 2B differed in slope and intercept. Nevertheless, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">C. riparius</i><span> was more sensitive to ammonia in effluent than in well water in both experiments, indicating a synergistic effect of ammonia in sewage effluent. These results demonstrate the advantages of analyzing the organisms entire range of response, as opposed to generating LC</span><sub>50</sub><span> values, which represent only one point on the dose-response curve.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00213117","usgsCitation":"Monda, D., Galat, D., Finger, S., and Kaiser, M., 1995, Acute toxicity of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in sewage effluent to <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: II. Using a generalized linear model: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 28, no. 3, p. 385-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213117.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"390","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monda, D.P.","contributorId":68909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monda","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finger, S.E.","contributorId":29769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, M.S.","contributorId":37836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175697,"text":"70175697 - 1995 - Effects of salinity on establishment of <i>Populus fremontii</i> (cottonwood) and <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> (saltcedar) in southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-18T10:57:34","indexId":"70175697","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1853,"text":"Great Basin Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salinity on establishment of <i>Populus fremontii</i> (cottonwood) and <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> (saltcedar) in southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The exotic shrub&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix ramosissima</i><span>&nbsp;(saltcedar) has replaced the native&nbsp;</span><i>Populus fremontii</i><span>(cottonwood) along many streams in southwestern United States. We used a controlled outdoor experiment to examine the influence of river salinity on germination and first year survival of&nbsp;</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;</span><i>wislizenii</i><span>&nbsp;(Rio Grande cottonwood) and&nbsp;</span><i>T. ramosissima</i><span>&nbsp;on freshly deposited alluvial bars. We grew both species from seed in planters of sand subjected to a declining water table and solutions containing 0, 1, 3, and 5 times the concentrations of major ions in the Rio Grande at San Marcia, NM (1.2, 10.0, 25.7 and 37.4 meq 1</span><sup>-1</sup><span>; 0.11, 0.97, 2.37, and 3.45 dS m</span><sup>-1</sup><span>). Germination of&nbsp;</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>&nbsp;declined by 35% with increasing salinity (</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= .008). Germination of&nbsp;</span><i>T. ramosissima</i><span>&nbsp;was not affected. There were no significant effects of salinity on morality or above- and belowground growth of either species. In laboratory tests the same salinities had no effect on</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>&nbsp;germination.&nbsp;</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>&nbsp;germination is more sensitive to salinity outdoors than in covered petri dishes, probably because water scarcity resulting from eavaportion intensifies the low soil water potential associated with high salinity. River salinity appears to play only a minor role in determining relative numbers of&nbsp;</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>T. ramosissima</i><span>&nbsp;seedlings on freshly deposited sandbars. However, over many years salt becomes concentrated on floodplains as a result of evaporation and salt extrusion from saltcedar leaves.&nbsp;</span><i>T. ramosissima</i><span>&nbsp;is known to be more tolerant of the resulting extreme salinities than&nbsp;</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>. Therefore, increases in river salinities could indirectly contribute to decline of&nbsp;</span><i>P. fremontii</i><span>&nbsp;forests by exacerbating salt accumulation on floodplains.</span></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P.B., Friedman, J.M., and Ischinger, L.S., 1995, Effects of salinity on establishment of <i>Populus fremontii</i> (cottonwood) and <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> (saltcedar) in southwestern United States: Great Basin Naturalist, v. 55, no. 1, p. 58-65.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/wnan/article/view/28471"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc55e4b03fd6b7d94c33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ischinger, Lee S.","contributorId":34054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ischinger","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018951,"text":"70018951 - 1995 - How much velocity information is necessary to predict sediment suspension in the surf zone?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018951","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"How much velocity information is necessary to predict sediment suspension in the surf zone?","docAbstract":"Instantaneous horizontal water velocity, or velocity to a power, does not contain enough information to predict suspension in the surf zone. Unlike steady uniform flow, more one than one velocity is necessary to parameterize pick-up and mixing of sediment into the water column. Using a velocity history improves predictions of suspension by more carefully specifying flow conditions (including accelerations and changes in accelerations) responsible for suspension. Suspension in the future is better predicted than suspension at the same instant as velocity measurements. Incorporating such a lag between velocity and concentration improved predictions, with optimum lag time increasing with elevation above the sea bed. These lags are largely due to the time for an observed flow event to effect the bed and mix sediment upward.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Part 1 (of 3)","conferenceDate":"23 October 1994 through 28 October 1994","conferenceLocation":"Kobe, Jpn","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, B.E., Rubin, D.M., and Sallenger, A., 1995, How much velocity information is necessary to predict sediment suspension in the surf zone?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 2, Kobe, Jpn, 23 October 1994 through 28 October 1994, p. 2085-2099.","startPage":"2085","endPage":"2099","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3251e4b0c8380cd5e6f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury Jr.","contributorId":90479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014753,"text":"1014753 - 1995 - Increases in gill cytosolic corticosteroid receptor abundance and saltwater tolerance in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) treated with growth hormone and placental lactogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:22:36.748886","indexId":"1014753","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Increases in gill cytosolic corticosteroid receptor abundance and saltwater tolerance in juvenile coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) treated with growth hormone and placental lactogen","title":"Increases in gill cytosolic corticosteroid receptor abundance and saltwater tolerance in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) treated with growth hormone and placental lactogen","docAbstract":"<p><span>Juvenile coho salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>) were injected with one of two recombinant bovine hormones, growth hormone (bGH; 5.0 and 0.5 μg · g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;body wt) or placental lactogen (bPL; 5.0, 0.5, μg · g</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;body wt) to determine the effect on growth, plasma cortisol concentration, cytosolic corticosteroid receptors (CR) in the gills, and the development of hypoosmoregulatory ability. One week following a single injection or six weekly injections of bGH or bPL, the first were measured and samplest for CR concentration and Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>. ATPase activity in the gills. Fish were also challenged with salt water (salinity 25%) for 24 hr to determine saltwater tolerance at the end of the 6-week treatment. Treatment with bPL and bGH significantly increased weight and length of the fish. The 0.05-μg bPL dose significantly elevated plasma cortisol concentration, whereas all other hormone treatments did not affect cortisol levels. bPL and bGH also significantly increased CR concentration and Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity in the gills. The perturbation in plasma sodium concentration was least in animals receiving the highest dose bPL and the bGH-treated animals following transfer to seawater. An increase in cytosolic CR by bGH and bPL may increase responsiveness of the gills to cortisol and partially accout for the increase in Na</span><sup>+</sup><span>, K</span><sup>+</sup><span>-ATPase activity and greater ability to regulate plasma sodium in seawater as exhibited by the experimental groups.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1995.1039","usgsCitation":"Shrimpton, J., Devlin, R., McLean, E., Byatt, J., Donaldson, E., and Randall, D., 1995, Increases in gill cytosolic corticosteroid receptor abundance and saltwater tolerance in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) treated with growth hormone and placental lactogen: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 98, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1995.1039.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f537c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shrimpton, J. M.","contributorId":10362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrimpton","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devlin, R.H.","contributorId":67042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devlin","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLean, E.","contributorId":40930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byatt, J.C.","contributorId":38930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byatt","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donaldson, E.M.","contributorId":33665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donaldson","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Randall, D.J.","contributorId":7656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}