{"pageNumber":"1633","pageRowStart":"40800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70044209,"text":"70044209 - 2012 - Short- and long-term control of Vespula pensylvanica in Hawaii by fipronil baiting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T13:33:08","indexId":"70044209","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3035,"text":"Pest Management Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short- and long-term control of Vespula pensylvanica in Hawaii by fipronil baiting","docAbstract":"BACKGROUND: The invasive western yellowjacket wasp, Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), has significantly impacted the ecological integrity and human welfare of Hawaii. The goals of the present study were (1) to evaluate the immediate and long-term efficacy of a 0.1% fipronil chicken bait on V. pensylvanica populations in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, (2) to quantify gains in efficacy using the attractant heptyl butyrate in the bait stations and (3) to measure the benefits of this approach for minimizing non-target impacts to other arthropods.\n\nRESULTS: The 0.1% fipronil chicken bait reduced the abundance of V. pensylvanica by 95 ± 1.2% during the 3 months following treatment and maintained a population reduction of 60.9 ± 3.1% a year after treatment in the fipronil-treated sites when compared with chicken-only sites. The addition of heptyl butyrate to the bait stations significantly increased V. pensylvanica forager visitation and bait take and significantly reduced the non-target impacts of fipronil baiting.\n\nCONCLUSION: In this study, 0.1% fipronil chicken bait with the addition of heptyl butyrate was found to be an extremely effective large-scale management strategy and provided the first evidence of a wasp suppression program impacting Vepsula populations a year after treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pest Management Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ps.3262","usgsCitation":"Hanna, C., Foote, D., and Kremen, C., 2012, Short- and long-term control of Vespula pensylvanica in Hawaii by fipronil baiting: Pest Management Science, v. 68, no. 7, p. 1026-1033, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3262.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1026","endPage":"1033","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-036654","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271672,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3262"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.8,19.1 ], [ -155.8,19.5 ], [ -155.01,19.5 ], [ -155.01,19.1 ], [ -155.8,19.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180e7ede4b0df838b924daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, Cause","contributorId":69035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanna","given":"Cause","affiliations":[{"id":13013,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":475107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foote, David dfoote@usgs.gov","contributorId":375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"David","email":"dfoote@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kremen, Claire","contributorId":15912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremen","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039003,"text":"70039003 - 2012 - Interactions of tissue and fertilizer nitrogen on decomposition dynamics of lignin-rich conifer litter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-12T01:01:45","indexId":"70039003","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of tissue and fertilizer nitrogen on decomposition dynamics of lignin-rich conifer litter","docAbstract":"High tissue nitrogen (N) accelerates decomposition of high-quality leaf litter in the early phases of mass loss, but the influence of initial tissue N variation on the decomposition of lignin-rich litter is less resolved. Because environmental changes such as atmospheric N deposition and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> can alter tissue N levels within species more rapidly than they alter the species composition of ecosystems, it is important to consider how within-species variation in tissue N may shape litter decomposition and associated N dynamics. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ) is a widespread lignin-rich conifer that dominates forests of high carbon (C) storage across western North America, and displays wide variation in tissue and litter N that reflects landscape variation in soil N. We collected eight unique Douglas-fir litter sources that spanned a two-fold range in initial N concentrations (0.67&ndash;1.31%) with a narrow range of lignin (29&ndash;35%), and examined relationships between initial litter chemistry, decomposition, and N dynamics in both ambient and N fertilized plots at four sites over 3 yr. High initial litter N slowed decomposition rates in both early (0.67 yr) and late (3 yr) stages in unfertilized plots. Applications of N fertilizer to litters accelerated early-stage decomposition, but slowed late-stage decomposition, and most strongly affected low-N litters, which equalized decomposition rates across litters regardless of initial N concentrations. Decomposition of N-fertilized litters correlated positively with initial litter manganese (Mn) concentrations, with litter Mn variation reflecting faster turnover of canopy foliage in high N sites, producing younger litterfall with high N and low Mn. Although both internal and external N inhibited decomposition at 3 yr, most litters exhibited net N immobilization, with strongest immobilization in low-N litter and in N-fertilized plots. Our observation for lignin-rich litter that high initial N can slow decomposition yet accelerate N release differs from findings where litter quality variation across species promotes coupled C and N release during decomposition. We suggest reevaluation of ecosystem models and projected global change effects to account for a potential decoupling of ecosystem C and N feedbacks through litter decomposition in lignin-rich conifer forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00340.1","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., Matkins, J.J., and Hibbs, D.E., 2012, Interactions of tissue and fertilizer nitrogen on decomposition dynamics of lignin-rich conifer litter: Ecosphere, v. 3, no. 6, 12 p.; Article 54, https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00340.1.","productDescription":"12 p.; Article 54","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474419,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00340.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00340.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cd2e4b0c8380cd6308e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":16797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matkins, Joselin J.","contributorId":66526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matkins","given":"Joselin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hibbs, David E.","contributorId":76587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbs","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038986,"text":"70038986 - 2012 - Changes in faunal and vegetation communities along a soil calcium gradient in northern hardwood forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-17T01:01:41","indexId":"70038986","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in faunal and vegetation communities along a soil calcium gradient in northern hardwood forests","docAbstract":"Depletion of Ca from forest soils due to acidic deposition has had potentially pervasive effects on forest communities, but these impacts remain largely unknown. Because snails, salamanders, and plants play essential roles in the Ca cycle of northern hardwood forests, we hypothesized that their community diversity, abundance, and structure would vary with differences in biotic Ca availability. To test this hypothesis, we sampled 12 upland hardwood forests representing a soil Ca gradient in the Adirondack Mountains, New York (USA), where chronic deposition has resulted in acidified soils but where areas of well-buffered soils remain Ca rich due to parent materials. Along the gradient of increasing soil [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], we observed increasing trends in snail community richness and abundance, live biomass of redback salamanders (Plethodon cinereus (Green, 1818)), and canopy tree basal area. Salamander communities were dominated by mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope, 1859) at Ca-poor sites and changed continuously along the Ca gradient to become dominated by redback salamanders at the Ca-rich sites. Several known calciphilic species of snails and plants were found only at the highest-Ca sites. Our results indicated that Ca availability, which is shaped by geology and acidic deposition inputs, influences northern hardwood forest ecosystems at multiple trophic levels, although the underlying mechanisms require further study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/x2012-071","usgsCitation":"Beier, C.M., Woods, A.M., Hotopp, K.P., Gibbs, J.P., Mitchell, M.J., Dovciak, M., Leopold, D.J., Lawrence, G.B., and Page, B.D., 2012, Changes in faunal and vegetation communities along a soil calcium gradient in northern hardwood forests: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 42, no. 6, p. 1141-1152, https://doi.org/10.1139/x2012-071.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1152","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258340,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-071","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f412e4b0c8380cd4bb0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beier, Colin M.","contributorId":17107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beier","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woods, Anne M.","contributorId":18642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hotopp, Kenneth P.","contributorId":80977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotopp","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibbs, James P.","contributorId":102418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12623,"text":"State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, Myron J.","contributorId":73734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Myron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dovciak, Martin","contributorId":10690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dovciak","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leopold, Donald J.","contributorId":82589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Page, Blair D.","contributorId":33187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Blair","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70038985,"text":"sir20125087 - 2012 - Interlaboratory comparison of three microbial source tracking quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays from fecal-source and environmental samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-11T01:01:42","indexId":"sir20125087","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5087","title":"Interlaboratory comparison of three microbial source tracking quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays from fecal-source and environmental samples","docAbstract":"During summer and early fall 2010, 15 river samples and 6 fecal-source samples were collected in West Virginia. These samples were analyzed by three laboratories for three microbial source tracking (MST) markers: AllBac, a general fecal indicator; BacHum, a human-associated fecal indicator; and BoBac, a ruminant-associated fecal indicator. MST markers were analyzed by means of the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. The aim was to assess interlaboratory precision when the three laboratories used the same MST marker and shared deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracts of the samples, but different equipment, reagents, and analyst experience levels. The term assay refers to both the markers and the procedure differences listed above. Interlaboratory precision was best for all three MST assays when using the geometric mean absolute relative percent difference (ARPD) and Friedman's statistical test as a measure of interlaboratory precision. Adjustment factors (one for each MST assay) were calculated using results from fecal-source samples analyzed by all three laboratories and applied retrospectively to sample concentrations to account for differences in qPCR results among labs using different standards and procedures. Following the application of adjustment factors to qPCR results, ARPDs were lower; however, statistically significant differences between labs were still observed for the BacHum and BoBac assays. This was a small study and two of the MST assays had 52 percent of samples with concentrations at or below the limit of accurate quantification; hence, more testing could be done to determine if the adjustment factors would work better if the majority of sample concentrations were above the quantification limit.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Stelzer, E.A., Strickler, K.M., and Schill, W.B., 2012, Interlaboratory comparison of three microbial source tracking quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays from fecal-source and environmental samples: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5087, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125087.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-06-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5087.gif"},{"id":258338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5087/pdf/SIR20125087_070912.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","city":"Leetown","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.66666666666667,37.166666666666664 ], [ -82.66666666666667,40.666666666666664 ], [ -77.66666666666667,40.666666666666664 ], [ -77.66666666666667,37.166666666666664 ], [ -82.66666666666667,37.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d25e4b0c8380cd6332b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickler, Kriston M.","contributorId":91186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickler","given":"Kriston","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, William B. 0000-0002-9217-984X wschill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-984X","contributorId":2736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"William","email":"wschill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038965,"text":"ofr20121133 - 2012 - An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:44","indexId":"ofr20121133","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1133","title":"An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Santiam River is a tributary of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon and drains an area of 1,810 square miles. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates four dams in the basin, which are used primarily for flood control, hydropower production, recreation, and water-quality improvement. The Detroit and Big Cliff Dams were constructed in 1953 on the North Santiam River. The Green Peter and Foster Dams were completed in 1967 on the South Santiam River. The impacts of the structures have included a decrease in the frequency and magnitude of floods and an increase in low flows. For three North Santiam River reaches, the median of annual 1-day maximum streamflows decreased 42&ndash;50 percent because of regulated streamflow conditions. Likewise, for three reaches in the South Santiam River basin, the median of annual 1-day maximum streamflows decreased 39&ndash;52 percent because of regulation. In contrast to their effect on high flows, the dams increased low flows. The median of annual 7-day minimum flows in six of the seven study reaches increased under regulated streamflow conditions between 60 and 334 percent. On a seasonal basis, median monthly streamflows decreased from February to May and increased from September to January in all the reaches. However, the magnitude of these impacts usually decreased farther downstream from dams because of cumulative inflow from unregulated tributaries and groundwater entering the North, South, and main-stem Santiam Rivers below the dams. A Wilcox rank-sum test of monthly precipitation data from Salem, Oregon, and Waterloo, Oregon, found no significant difference between the pre-and post-dam periods, which suggests that the construction and operation of the dams since the 1950s and 1960s are a primary cause of alterations to the Santiam River basin streamflow regime. In addition to the streamflow analysis, this report provides a geomorphic characterization of the Santiam River basin and the associated conceptual framework for assessing possible geomorphic and ecological changes in response to river-flow modifications. Suggestions for future biomonitoring and investigations are also provided. This study was one in a series of similar tributary streamflow and geomorphic studies conducted for the Willamette Sustainable Rivers Project. The Sustainable Rivers Project is a national effort by the USACE and The Nature Conservancy to develop environmental flow requirements in regulated river systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Wallick, J., Mangano, J.F., and Jones, K.L., 2012, An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1133, vi, 66 p.; Appendices; ZIP Downloads of Appendices A and C; XLSX Download of Appendix D, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121133.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.; Appendices; ZIP Downloads of Appendices A and C; XLSX Download of Appendix D","startPage":"i","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1133.jpg"},{"id":258272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258273,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1133/pdf/ofr20121133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Santiam River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea3ee4b0c8380cd4871d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038969,"text":"ofr20121141 - 2012 - Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2010-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T11:43:09","indexId":"ofr20121141","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1141","title":"Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2010-11","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) was established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (with the assistance of The Nature Conservancy) in 1984 to protect one of the highest concentrations of endemic flora and fauna in North America (Pister, 1985; Sada, 1990). Prior to federal acquisition, Ash Meadows had been anthropogenically altered, and non-native species had been introduced to the detriment of native species; reports and published literature document the negative effects to the Ash Meadows flora and fauna (Deacon and others, 1964; U.S. Department of the Interior, 1971; Landye, 1973; Pister, 1974; Soltz and Naiman, 1978; Taylor, 1980; Williams and others, 1985; Williams and Sada, 1985; Baugh and others, 1986; Hershler and Sada, 1987; Knight and Clemmer, 1987; Sada, 1990; Deacon and Williams, 1991; Scoppettone and others, 2005; Kennedy and others, 2006). Such activities led to the extinction of the endemic Ash Meadows poolfish (<i>Empetrichthyes merriami</i>) (Miller, 1961; Soltz and Naiman, 1978), and subsequently the federal government listed three local endemic fish as endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989)&mdash;Warm springs pupfish (<i>Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis</i>), Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish (<i>Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes</i>), and Ash Meadows speckled dace (<i>Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis</i>).</p>\n<p>Public ownership of a large portion of Ash Meadows provided the opportunity to restore the landscape to some semblance of its historical condition. Elimination of invasive aquatic species may be more difficult than landscape restoration, and their persistence can cause additional native fish decline or extirpation (Taylor and others, 1984; Moyle and others, 1986; Miller and others, 1989; Minckley and Deacon, 1991; Olden and Poff, 2005). Chemical treatment to remove invasive fishes is often unsuccessful (Meffe, 1983; Rinne and Turner, 1991; Meronek and others, 1996). In Ash Meadows, there has been some success in chemical eradication of localized populations of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) and black bullhead (<i>Ameiurus melas</i>) (St. George, 1998, 1999; Weissenfluh, 2008b), as well as convict cichlid (Archocentrus nigrofasciatus) and sailfin molly (<i>Poecilia latipinna</i>) (Weissenfluh,2008a). However, there has been less success in removing western mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia affinis</i>) from Ash Meadows&rsquo;s larger spring systems, and sailfin molly maintains strongholds in several spring systems (Scoppettone and others, 2011b). Perhaps the more destructive invasive species are two invertebrates: red swamp crayfish (<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>) and red-rim melania (<i>Melanoides tuberculata</i>). Following the appearance of red swamp crayfish within the Warm Springs Complex, Warm Springs pupfish was believed to be extirpated from one spring system (St. George, 2000) and near extirpation in two others (Darrick Weissenfluh, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, oral commun., 2008, 2011). Crayfish also were demonstrated to greatly suppress the Bradford Springs population of Ash Meadows speckled dace population (McShane and others, 2004). Red-rim melania is known to displace native snail populations (Mitchell and others, 2007), and has been implicated as an agent of extinction of native Ash Meadows spring-snails (Donald Sada, Desert Research Institute, oral commun., 2011). Both invasive invertebrates are difficult to control or eradicate (Mitchell and others, 2007; Freeman and others, 2010).</p>\n<p>Habitat restoration that favors native species can help control non-native species (McShane and others, 2004; Scoppettone and others, 2005; Kennedy and others, 2006). Restoration of Carson Slough and its tributaries present an opportunity to promote habitat types that favor native species over non-natives. Historically, the majority of Ash Meadows spring systems were tributaries to Carson Slough. In 2007 and 2008, a survey of Ash Meadows spring systems was conducted to generate baseline information on the distribution of fishes throughout AMNWR (Scoppettone and others, 2011b). In this study, we conducted a follow-up survey with emphasis on upper Carson Slough. This permitted us to gauge the early effects of spring system restoration on fish populations and to generate further baseline data relevant to future restoration efforts.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121141","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G., Johnson, D., Hereford, M., Rissler, P., Fabes, M., Salgado, A., and Shea, S., 2012, Relative abundance and distribution of fishes and crayfish at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, 2010-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1141, iv, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121141.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1141.jpg"},{"id":258305,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1141/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1141/pdf/ofr20121141.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              36.54384614538856\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.37954711914062,\n              36.54329449143642\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.25938415527344,\n              36.50301312197295\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.22230529785156,\n              36.47375460532763\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.20239257812499,\n              36.448903794892864\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17835998535156,\n              36.4052575563742\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17973327636719,\n              36.36490441440569\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.18591308593749,\n              36.32397712011264\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.23329162597655,\n              36.296864779193506\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.27037048339844,\n              36.29741818650811\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31912231445312,\n              36.330062268112485\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.42074584960936,\n              36.4113363510602\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.44958496093749,\n              36.49086941889727\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4502716064453,\n              36.52288052805137\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              36.54384614538856\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa669e4b0c8380cd84e2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.M.","contributorId":58266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hereford, M.E.","contributorId":88203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rissler, Peter","contributorId":83647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fabes, Mark","contributorId":39639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabes","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Salgado, Antonio","contributorId":20595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salgado","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shea, Sean","contributorId":60491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70038964,"text":"fs20123068 - 2012 - National hydrography dataset--linear referencing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:44","indexId":"fs20123068","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3068","title":"National hydrography dataset--linear referencing","docAbstract":"Geospatial data normally have a certain set of standard attributes, such as an identification number, the type of feature, and name of the feature. These standard attributes are typically embedded into the default attribute table, which is directly linked to the geospatial features. However, it is impractical to embed too much information because it can create a complex, inflexible, and hard to maintain geospatial dataset. Many scientists prefer to create a modular, or relational, data design where the information about the features is stored and maintained separately, then linked to the geospatial data. For example, information about the water chemistry of a lake can be maintained in a separate file and linked to the lake. A Geographic Information System (GIS) can then relate the water chemistry to the lake and analyze it as one piece of information. For example, the GIS can select all lakes more than 50 acres, with turbidity greater than 1.5 milligrams per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123068","collaboration":"National Geospatial Program","usgsCitation":"Simley, J., and Doumbouya, A., 2012, National hydrography dataset--linear referencing: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3068, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123068.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":258276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3068.gif"},{"id":258270,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3068/FS12-3068.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6271e4b0c8380cd71ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simley, Jeffrey","contributorId":31246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simley","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doumbouya, Ariel","contributorId":44025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doumbouya","given":"Ariel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198842,"text":"70198842 - 2012 - Introduction to emergent wetlands: Chapter A in <i>Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T07:48:52","indexId":"70198842","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-07T13:21:48","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"A","title":"Introduction to emergent wetlands: Chapter A in <i>Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout the past century, emergent wetlands have been declining across the Gulf of Mexico.<br>Emergent wetland ecosystems provide a plethora of resources including plant and wildlife habitat,<br>commercial and recreational economic activity, water quality improvement, and natural barriers against<br>storms. As emergent wetland losses increase, so does the need for information on the causes and effects of<br>these losses, for emergent wetland mapping, for monitoring and restoration efforts, and for increased<br>education.<br>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Gulf of<br>Mexico Program Office (EPA GMPO) are committed to providing the best science to restore, enhance, and<br>protect these important ecosystems. The Emergent Wetlands Status and Trends Report is a continuation of<br>the completed Seagrass Status and Trends in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Report (Handley and others,<br>2007), both of which serve to update the EPA GMPO Status and Trends of Emergent and Submerged<br>Vegetated Habitats of Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters, USA Report (Duke and Kruczynski, 1992). The<br>Emergent Wetlands Status and Trends Report is also part of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance Ecosystems<br>Integration and Assessment Priority Issue Team’s work plan to provide resources that will aid in the<br>ecological and economic enhancement of the Gulf of Mexico region. The purpose of this report is to<br>provide scientists, managers, and citizens with valuable baseline information on the status and trends of<br>emergent wetlands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The study upon which this report is based<br>examines the emergent wetlands of eight individual estuarine areas within the northern Gulf of Mexico<br>region and presents statewide summaries for Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. Each<br>estuarine area is detailed in vignettes that address current status and historical trends of estuarine and<br>palustrine emergent wetlands, emergent wetlands mapping and monitoring, causes of status change,<br>restoration and enhancement activities, background information for the study area, and the methodology<br>employed to analyze and document the historical trends and current status of emergent wetlands.<br>The eight individual estuarine areas examined in this report are:<br> Corpus Christi/ Nueces/Aransas Bays, Tex.<br> Galveston Bay, Tex. <br> Barataria/Terrebonne Bay, La.<br> Mississippi Delta, La.<br> Mississippi Sound, Miss.<br> Mobile Bay, Ala.<br> Florida Panhandle, Fla.<br> Tampa Bay, Fla. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"2013 Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) All Hands Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 25-27, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Handley, L.R., Spear, K.A., Baumstark, R., Moyer, R., and Thatcher, C.A., 2012, Introduction to emergent wetlands: Chapter A in <i>Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010</i>, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356597,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gom.usgs.gov/web/Site/EmWetStatusTrends"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98b107e4b0702d0e844625","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-8942-2856 speark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-2856","contributorId":1949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Kathryn","email":"speark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumstark, René","contributorId":17903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumstark","given":"René","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moyer, Ryan","contributorId":48460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A. 0000-0003-0331-071X thatcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":2868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy","email":"thatcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":743006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70101102,"text":"70101102 - 2012 - Initial assessment of the intensity distribution of the 2011 M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T13:26:52","indexId":"70101102","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-07T13:19:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial assessment of the intensity distribution of the 2011 M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake","docAbstract":"The intensity data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) \"Did You Feel It?\" (DYFI) Website (USGS, DYFI; http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/se/082311a/us/index.html, last accessed Sept 2011) for the M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake, are unprecedented in their spatial richness and geographical extent. More than 133,000 responses were received during the first week following the earthquake. Although intensity data have traditionally been regarded as imprecise and generally suspect (e.g., Hough 2000), there is a growing appreciation for the potential utility of spatially rich, systematically determined DYFI data to address key questions in earthquake ground-motions science (Atkinson and Wald, 2007; Hauksson <i>et al.,</i> 2008).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SRL","doi":"10.1785/0220110140","usgsCitation":"Hough, S.E., 2012, Initial assessment of the intensity distribution of the 2011 M<sub>w</sub>5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 83, no. 4, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1785/0220110140.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-034418","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286197,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220110140"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Mineral","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0,32.0 ], [ -88.0,46.0 ], [ -70.0,46.0 ], [ -70.0,32.0 ], [ -88.0,32.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355947ce4b0120853e8c028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, Susan E. 0000-0002-5980-2986 hough@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"Susan","email":"hough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038943,"text":"70038943 - 2012 - Ecosystem performance monitoring of rangelands by integrating modeling and remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T23:45:06","indexId":"70038943","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem performance monitoring of rangelands by integrating modeling and remote sensing","docAbstract":"Monitoring rangeland ecosystem dynamics, production, and performance is valuable for researchers and land managers. However, ecosystem monitoring studies can be difficult to interpret and apply appropriately if management decisions and disturbances are inseparable from the ecosystem's climate signal. This study separates seasonal weather influences from influences caused by disturbances and management decisions, making interannual time-series analysis more consistent and interpretable. We compared the actual ecosystem performance (AEP) of five rangeland vegetation types in the Owyhee Uplands for 9 yr to their expected ecosystem performance (EEP). Integrated growing season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data for each of the nine growing seasons served as a proxy for annual AEP. Regression-tree models used long-term site potential, seasonal weather, and land cover data sets to generate annual EEP, an estimate of ecosystem performance incorporating annual weather variations. The difference between AEP and EEP provided a performance measure for each pixel in the study area. Ecosystem performance anomalies occurred when the ecosystem performed significantly better or worse than the model predicted. About 14% of the Owyhee Uplands showed a trend of significant underperformance or overperformance (<i>P</i><0.10). Land managers can use results from weather-based rangeland ecosystem performance models to help support adaptive management strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Range Management","publisherLocation":"Wheat Ridge, CO","doi":"10.2111/REM-D-11-00058.1","usgsCitation":"Wylie, B.K., Boyte, S., and Major, D.J., 2012, Ecosystem performance monitoring of rangelands by integrating modeling and remote sensing: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 65, no. 3, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-11-00058.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474423,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/642631","text":"External Repository"},{"id":258235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258225,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-11-00058.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Owyhee Uplands","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a059fe4b0c8380cd50e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":103539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Major, Donald J.","contributorId":83405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Major","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005999,"text":"70005999 - 2012 - New aquaculture drugs under FDA review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"70005999","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1834,"text":"Global Aquaculture Advocate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New aquaculture drugs under FDA review","docAbstract":"Only eight active pharmaceutical ingredients available in 18 drug products have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in aquaculture. The approval process can be lengthy and expensive, but several new drugs and label claims are under review. Progress has been made on approvals for Halamid (chloramine-T), Aquaflor (florfenicol) and 35% PeroxAid (hydrogen peroxide) as therapeutic drugs. Data are also being generated for AQUI-S 20E, a fish sedative.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Aquaculture Advocate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Global Aquaculture Alliance","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","usgsCitation":"Bowker, J.D., and Gaikowski, M.P., 2012, New aquaculture drugs under FDA review: Global Aquaculture Advocate, v. January/February 2012, p. 36-39.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pdf.gaalliance.org/pdf/GAA-Bowker-Jan12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"January/February 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a655be4b0c8380cd72b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, James D.","contributorId":51240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038871,"text":"sir20125125 - 2012 - Streamflow gains and losses and selected water-quality observations in five subreaches of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte from near Presidio to Langtry, Texas, Big Bend area, United States and Mexico, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T08:55:35","indexId":"sir20125125","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5125","title":"Streamflow gains and losses and selected water-quality observations in five subreaches of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte from near Presidio to Langtry, Texas, Big Bend area, United States and Mexico, 2006","docAbstract":"<p>Few historical streamflow and water-quality data are available to characterize the segment of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte (hereinafter Rio Grande) extending from near Presidio to near Langtry, Texas. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, collected water-quality and streamflow data from the Rio Grande from near Presidio to near Langtry, Texas, to characterize the streamflow gain and loss and selected constituent concentrations in a 336.3-mile reach of the Rio Grande from near Presidio to near Langtry, Texas. Streamflow was measured at 38 sites and water-quality samples were collected at 20 sites along the Rio Grande in February, March, and June 2006. Streamflow gains and losses over the course of the stream were measured indirectly by computing the differences in measured streamflow between sites along the stream. Water-quality data were collected and analyzed for salinity, dissolved solids, major ions, nutrients, trace elements, and stable isotopes. Selected properties and constituents were compared to available Texas Commission on Environmental Quality general use protection criteria or screening levels. Summary statistics of selected water-quality data were computed for each of the five designated subreaches. Streamflow gain and loss and water-quality constituent concentration were compared for each subreach, rather than the entire segment because of the temporal variation in sample collection caused by controlled releases upstream. Subreach A was determined to be a losing reach, and subreaches B, C, D, and E were determined to be gaining reaches. Compared to concentrations measured in upstream subreaches, downstream subreaches exhibited evidence of dilution of selected constituent concentrations. Subreaches A and B had measured total dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate exceeding the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality general use protection criteria. Subreaches C, D, and E did not exceed the general use protection criteria for any constituent concentration criteria, but dissolved oxygen concentrations did not meet the general use criteria in these subreaches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125125","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Raines, T.H., Turco, M.J., Connor, P.J., and Bennett, J.B., 2012, Streamflow gains and losses and selected water-quality observations in five subreaches of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo del Norte from near Presidio to Langtry, Texas, Big Bend area, United States and Mexico, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5125, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125125.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-02-01","temporalEnd":"2006-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5125.JPG"},{"id":258207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258206,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5125/pdf/sir2012-5125.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection Zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Chihuahua, Coahuila, Texas","county":"Brewster County, Presido County, Terrell County, Val Verde County","city":"Langtry, Presidio","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.75,28.25 ], [ -104.75,30 ], [ -101.25,30 ], [ -101.25,28.25 ], [ -104.75,28.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b01e4b08c986b31cc18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Timothy H. thraines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Timothy","email":"thraines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turco, Michael J. mjturco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"Michael","email":"mjturco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, Patrick J.","contributorId":11081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, Jeffery B.","contributorId":82993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70007489,"text":"70007489 - 2012 - Rescuing wolves: threat of misinformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T17:51:36","indexId":"70007489","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rescuing wolves: threat of misinformation","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1126/science.335.6070.794-b","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2012, Rescuing wolves: threat of misinformation: Science, v. 335, no. 6070, p. 794-794, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.335.6070.794-b.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"794","endPage":"794","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258244,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.335.6070.794-b","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"335","issue":"6070","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa90fe4b0c8380cd85bce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038915,"text":"70038915 - 2012 - Interannual variability of snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, United States: examples from two alpine watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"70038915","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual variability of snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, United States: examples from two alpine watersheds","docAbstract":"The distribution of snow and the energy flux components of snowmelt are intrinsic characteristics of the alpine water cycle controlling the location of source waters and the effect of climate on streamflow. Interannual variability of these characteristics is relevant to the effect of climate change on alpine hydrology. Our objective is to characterize the interannual variability in the spatial distribution of snow and energy fluxes of snowmelt in watersheds of a maritime setting, Tokopah Basin (TOK) in California's southern Sierra Nevada, and a continental setting, Green Lake 4 Valley (GLV4) in Colorado's Front Range, using a 12 year database (1996&ndash;2007) of hydrometeorological observations and satellite-derived snow cover. Snowpacks observed in GLV4 exhibit substantially greater spatial variability than in TOK (0.75 versus 0.28 spatial coefficient of variation). In addition, modeling results indicate that the net turbulent energy flux contribution to snowmelt in GLV4 is, on average, 3 times greater in magnitude (mean 29% versus 10%) and interannual variability (standard deviation 17% versus 6%) than in TOK. These energy flux values exhibit strong seasonality, increasing as the melt season progresses to times later in the year (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.54&ndash;0.77). This seasonality of energy flux appears to be associated with snowmelt rates that generally increase with onset date of melt (0.02 cm d<sup>-2</sup>). This seasonality in snowmelt rate, coupled to differences in hydrogeology, may account for the observed differences in correspondence between the timing of snowmelt and timing of streamflow in these watersheds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011006","usgsCitation":"Jepsen, S.M., Molotch, N., Williams, M.W., Rittger, K.E., and Sickman, J.O., 2012, Interannual variability of snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, United States: examples from two alpine watersheds: Water Resources Research, v. 48, 15 p.; W02529, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011006.","productDescription":"15 p.; W02529","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474424,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011006","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada;Rocky Mountains","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce9e4b0c8380cd63143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jepsen, Steven M. sjepsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jepsen","given":"Steven","email":"sjepsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molotch, Noah P.","contributorId":79741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molotch","given":"Noah P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rittger, Karl E.","contributorId":13850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittger","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sickman, James O.","contributorId":30741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038924,"text":"ofr20121116 - 2012 - P2S--Coupled simulation with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Stream Temperature Network (SNTemp) Models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121116","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1116","title":"P2S--Coupled simulation with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Stream Temperature Network (SNTemp) Models","docAbstract":"A software program, called P2S, has been developed which couples the daily stream temperature simulation capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey Stream Network Temperature model with the watershed hydrology simulation capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a modular, deterministic, distributed-parameter, physical-process watershed model that simulates hydrologic response to various combinations of climate and land use. Stream Network Temperature was developed to help aquatic biologists and engineers predict the effects of changes that hydrology and energy have on water temperatures. P2S will allow scientists and watershed managers to evaluate the effects of historical climate and projected climate change, landscape evolution, and resource management scenarios on watershed hydrology and in-stream water temperature.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121116","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., 2012, P2S--Coupled simulation with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Stream Temperature Network (SNTemp) Models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1116, v, 19 p.; ill. (some col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121116.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.; ill. (some col.)","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":144,"text":"Branch of Regional Research","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1116.gif"},{"id":258167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258168,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1116/OF12-1116.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a731de4b0c8380cd76e80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156645,"text":"70156645 - 2012 - Assessing the vulnerability of human and biological communities to changing ecosystem services using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision support tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T18:29:31.215719","indexId":"70156645","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing the vulnerability of human and biological communities to changing ecosystem services using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision support tool","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper we describe an application of a GIS-based multi-criteria decision support web tool that models and evaluates relative changes in ecosystem services to policy and land management decisions. The Santa Cruz Watershed Ecosystem Portfolio (SCWEPM) was designed to provide credible forecasts of responses to ecosystem drivers and stressors and to illustrate the role of land use decisions on spatial and temporal distributions of ecosystem services within a binational (U.S. and Mexico) watershed. We present two SCWEPM sub-models that when analyzed together address bidirectional relationships between social and ecological vulnerability and ecosystem services. The first model employs the Modified Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index (M-SEVI), which assesses community vulnerability using information from U.S. and Mexico censuses on education, access to resources, migratory status, housing situation, and number of dependents. The second, relating land cover change to biodiversity (provisioning services), models changes in the distribution of terrestrial vertebrate habitat based on multitemporal vegetation and land cover maps, wildlife habitat relationships, and changes in land use/land cover patterns. When assessed concurrently, the models exposed some unexpected relationships between vulnerable communities and ecosystem services provisioning. For instance, the most species-rich habitat type in the watershed, Desert Riparian Forest, increased over time in areas occupied by the most vulnerable populations and declined in areas with less vulnerable populations. This type of information can be used to identify ecological conservation and restoration targets that enhance the livelihoods of people in vulnerable communities and promote biodiversity and ecosystem health.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the sixth biannial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, Leipzig, Germany, July 1-5, 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"6th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software (iEMSs)","conferenceDate":"July 1-5, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Leipzig, Germany","language":"English","publisher":"International Environmental Modelling and Software Society","usgsCitation":"Villarreal, M.L., Norman, L.M., and Labiosa, W.B., 2012, Assessing the vulnerability of human and biological communities to changing ecosystem services using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision support tool, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the sixth biannial meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, Leipzig, Germany, July 1-5, 2012, Leipzig, Germany, July 1-5, 2012, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035878","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iemss.org/society/index.php/iemss-2012-proceedings"},{"id":307425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.89692933742873,\n              31.03338137501963\n            ],\n            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lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labiosa, William B.","contributorId":20445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labiosa","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156900,"text":"70156900 - 2012 - Modelling ecosystem service flows under uncertainty with stochiastic SPAN","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T14:20:07.094242","indexId":"70156900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modelling ecosystem service flows under uncertainty with stochiastic SPAN","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ecosystem service models are increasingly in demand for decision making. However, the data required to run these models are often patchy, missing, outdated, or untrustworthy. Further, communication of data and model uncertainty to decision makers is often either absent or unintuitive. In this work, we introduce a systematic approach to addressing both the data gap and the difficulty in communicating uncertainty through a stochastic adaptation of the Service Path Attribution Networks (SPAN) framework. The SPAN formalism assesses ecosystem services through a set of up to 16 maps, which characterize the services in a study area in terms of flow pathways between ecosystems and human beneficiaries. Although the SPAN algorithms were originally defined deterministically, we present them here in a stochastic framework which combines probabilistic input data with a stochastic transport model in order to generate probabilistic spatial outputs. This enables a novel feature among ecosystem service models: the ability to spatially visualize uncertainty in the model results. The stochastic SPAN model can analyze areas where data limitations are prohibitive for deterministic models. Greater uncertainty in the model inputs (including missing data) should lead to greater uncertainty expressed in the model&rsquo;s output distributions. By using Bayesian belief networks to fill data gaps and expert-provided trust assignments to augment untrustworthy or outdated information, we can account for uncertainty in input data, producing a model that is still able to run and provide information where strictly deterministic models could not. Taken together, these attributes enable more robust and intuitive modelling of ecosystem services under uncertainty.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2012 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Managing resources of a limited planet","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2012 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Managing Resources of a Limited Planet","conferenceDate":"July 1-5, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Leipzig, Germany","language":"English","publisher":"International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs)","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.W., Snapp, R.R., Villa, F., and Bagstad, K.J., 2012, Modelling ecosystem service flows under uncertainty with stochiastic SPAN, <i>in</i> 2012 International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software: Managing resources of a limited planet, Leipzig, Germany, July 1-5, 2012, p. 1021-1028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1021","endPage":"1028","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037621","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6d6e4b058f706e53d8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gary W.","contributorId":90618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snapp, Robert R.","contributorId":147293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snapp","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando","contributorId":84249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009614,"text":"70009614 - 2012 - Baseline surveys to detect trophic changes in shallow hard-bottom communities induced by the Dry Tortugas National Park Research Natural Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T15:17:51.549209","indexId":"70009614","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-04T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"chapter":"8","title":"Baseline surveys to detect trophic changes in shallow hard-bottom communities induced by the Dry Tortugas National Park Research Natural Area","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Implementing the Dry Tortugas National Park Research Natural Area science plan: The 5-year report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"National Park Service and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Kuffner, I.B., Paul, V., Ritson-Williams, R., Hickey, T.D., and Walters, L.J., 2012, Baseline surveys to detect trophic changes in shallow hard-bottom communities induced by the Dry Tortugas National Park Research Natural Area, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033526","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319613,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2188640","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.76628507154228,\n              24.701155559034845\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.80094459662054,\n              24.7261710439997\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.86504097861435,\n              24.725739785125512\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.89922571567791,\n              24.716683003509402\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96664561377513,\n              24.651109518605423\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96522124973099,\n              24.566503380870344\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.89352825950048,\n              24.56736699765878\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.80094459662054,\n              24.61658331321412\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76675985955698,\n              24.667074660964218\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76628507154228,\n              24.701586903080056\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76628507154228,\n              24.701155559034845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fcf9a8e4b0a6037df2b95e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuffner, Ilsa B. 0000-0001-8804-7847 ikuffner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7847","contributorId":3105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuffner","given":"Ilsa","email":"ikuffner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Valerie J.","contributorId":39923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Valerie J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ritson-Williams, Raphael","contributorId":27988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritson-Williams","given":"Raphael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hickey, T. Don","contributorId":49066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, Linda J.","contributorId":90451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040395,"text":"70040395 - 2012 - Use of Dry Tortugas National Park by threatened and endangered marine turtles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T16:19:25.926867","indexId":"70040395","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-04T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"chapter":"5","title":"Use of Dry Tortugas National Park by threatened and endangered marine turtles","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite and acoustic tracking results for green turtles, hawksbills, and loggerheads have revealed patterns in the proportion of time that tagged turtles spend within various zones of the park, including the RNA. Green turtles primarily utilize the shallow areas in the northern portion of the park. Hawksbills were mostly observed near Garden Key and loggerheads were observed throughout DRTO. Our record of turtle captures, recaptures, and sightings over the last 4 years serves as a baseline database for understanding the size classes of each species present in the park, as well as species-specific habitats in DRTO waters.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Implementing the Dry Tortugas National Park Research Natural Area science plan: The 5-year report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"National Park Service and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Fujisaki, I., and Sartain-Iverson, A.R., 2012, Use of Dry Tortugas National Park by threatened and endangered marine turtles, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"33","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033891","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2188640","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.76726111255684,\n              24.668880028267623\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76808893731325,\n              24.70347980045176\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.80244366469317,\n              24.726039692971767\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.8670139956724,\n              24.725287762430412\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90012698591825,\n              24.717768207105777\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96635296640954,\n              24.647814596972225\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96511122927551,\n              24.5657760529391\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.89722959927172,\n              24.566528944544928\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.79996019042464,\n              24.616209786360997\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76767502493483,\n              24.668880028267623\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.76726111255684,\n              24.668880028267623\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fd0613e4b0a6037df2d04c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristin M.","contributorId":147610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":42152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. 0000-0002-8353-6745 asartain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":5477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartain-Iverson","given":"Autumn","email":"asartain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":514620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038920,"text":"70038920 - 2012 - An initial investigation into the organic matter biogeochemistry of the Congo River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-05T01:01:42","indexId":"70038920","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An initial investigation into the organic matter biogeochemistry of the Congo River","docAbstract":"The Congo River, which drains pristine tropical forest and savannah and is the second largest exporter of terrestrial carbon to the ocean, was sampled in early 2008 to investigate organic matter (OM) dynamics in this historically understudied river basin. We examined the elemental (%OC, %N, C:N), isotopic (&delta;<sup>13</sup>C, &Delta;<sup>14</sup>C, &delta;<sup>15</sup>N) and biochemical composition (lignin phenols) of coarse particulate (>63 &mu;m; CPOM) and fine particulate (0.7&ndash;63 &mu;m; FPOM) OM and DOC, &delta;<sup>13</sup>C, &Delta;<sup>14</sup>C and lignin phenol composition with respect to dissolved OM (<0.7 &mu;m; DOM) from five sites in the Congo River Basin. At all sample locations the organic carbon load was dominated by the dissolved phase (~82&ndash;89% of total organic carbon) and the total suspended sediment load was principally fine particulate material (~81&ndash;91% fine suspended sediment). Distinct compositional and isotopic differences were observed between all fractions. Congo CPOM, FPOM and DOM all originated from vegetation and soil inputs as evidenced by elemental, isotopic and lignin phenol data, however FPOM was derived from much older carbon pools (mean &Delta;<sup>14</sup>C = -62.2 &plusmn; -13.2&permil;, <i>n</i> = 5) compared to CPOM and DOM (mean &Delta;<sup>14</sup>C = 55.7 &plusmn; 30.6&permil;, <i>n</i> = 4 and 73.4 &plusmn; 16.1&permil;, <i>n</i> = 5 respectively). The modern radiocarbon ages for DOM belie a degraded lignin compositional signature (i.e. elevated acid:aldehyde ratios (Ad:Al) relative to CPOM and FPOM), and indicate that the application of OM degradation patterns derived from particulate phase studies to dissolved samples needs to be reassessed: these elevated ratios are likely attributable to fractionation processes during solubilization of plant material. The relatively low DOM carbon-normalized lignin yields (&Lambda;8; 0.67&ndash;1.12 (mg(100 mg OC)<sup>-1</sup>)) could also reflect fractionation processes, however, they have also been interpreted as an indication of significant microbial or algal sources of DOM. CPOM appears to be well preserved higher vascular plant material as evidenced by its modern radiocarbon age, elevated C:N (17.2&ndash;27.1) and &Lambda;8 values (4.56&ndash;7.59 (mg(100 mg OC)<sup>-1</sup>)). In relation to CPOM, the aged FPOM fraction (320&ndash;580 ybp <sup>14</sup>C ages) was comparatively degraded, as demonstrated by its nitrogen enrichment (C:N 11.4&ndash;14.3), lower &Lambda;8 (2.80&ndash;4.31 (mg(100 mg OC)<sup>-1</sup>)) and elevated lignin Ad:Al values similar to soil derived OM. In this study we observed little modification of the OM signature from sample sites near the cities of Brazzaville and Kinshasa to the head of the estuary (~350 km) highlighting the potential for future studies to assess seasonal and long-term OM dynamics from this logistically feasible location and derive relevant information with respect to OM exported to the Atlantic Ocean. The relative lack of OM data for the Congo River Basin highlights the importance of studies such as this for establishing baselines upon which to gauge future change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.013","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R., Hernes, P.J., Aufdenkampe, A., Baker, A., Gulliver, P., Stubbins, A., Aiken, G.R., Dyda, R.Y., Butler, K., Mwamba, V.L., Mangangu, A.M., Wabakanghanzi, J.N., and Six, J., 2012, An initial investigation into the organic matter biogeochemistry of the Congo River: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 84, p. 614-627, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"614","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258164,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.013","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"People's Republic Of Congo","otherGeospatial":"Congo River","volume":"84","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7ce4b0c8380cd488be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, Robert G.M.","contributorId":76061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hernes, Peter J.","contributorId":85311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aufdenkampe, Anthony K.","contributorId":106743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aufdenkampe","given":"Anthony K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Andy","contributorId":73053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gulliver, Pauline","contributorId":44786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulliver","given":"Pauline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stubbins, Aron","contributorId":80949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stubbins","given":"Aron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dyda, Rachael Y.","contributorId":33966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyda","given":"Rachael","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D.","contributorId":101503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mwamba, Vincent L.","contributorId":94908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mwamba","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mangangu, Arthur M.","contributorId":8330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangangu","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wabakanghanzi, Jose N.","contributorId":28854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wabakanghanzi","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Six, Johan","contributorId":41693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Six","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70046934,"text":"70046934 - 2012 - Process-based coastal erosion modeling for Drew Point (North Slope, Alaska)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-23T10:19:29","indexId":"70046934","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-03T09:56:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2504,"text":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Process-based coastal erosion modeling for Drew Point (North Slope, Alaska)","docAbstract":"A predictive, coastal erosion/shoreline change model has been developed for a small coastal segment near Drew Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska. This coastal setting has experienced a dramatic increase in erosion since the early 2000’s. The bluffs at this site are 3-4 m tall and consist of ice-wedge bounded blocks of fine-grained sediments cemented by ice-rich permafrost and capped with a thin organic layer. The bluffs are typically fronted by a narrow (<b>&sim; 5  m</b> wide) beach or none at all. During a storm surge, the sea contacts the base of the bluff and a niche is formed through thermal and mechanical erosion. The niche grows both vertically and laterally and eventually undermines the bluff, leading to block failure or collapse. The fallen block is then eroded both thermally and mechanically by waves and currents, which must occur before a new niche forming episode may begin. The erosion model explicitly accounts for and integrates a number of these processes including: (1) storm surge generation resulting from wind and atmospheric forcing, (2) erosional niche growth resulting from wave-induced turbulent heat transfer and sediment transport (using the Kobayashi niche erosion model), and (3) thermal and mechanical erosion of the fallen block. The model was calibrated with historic shoreline change data for one time period (1979-2002), and validated with a later time period (2002-2007).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000106","usgsCitation":"Ravens, T.M., Jones, B.M., Zhang, J., Arp, C.D., and Schmutz, J.A., 2012, Process-based coastal erosion modeling for Drew Point (North Slope, Alaska): Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, v. 138, no. 2, p. 122-130, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000106.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-026511","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275272,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000106"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Teshekpuk Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.9444,70.5395 ], [ -153.9444,70.9763 ], [ -152.1354,70.9763 ], [ -152.1354,70.5395 ], [ -153.9444,70.5395 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"138","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51efa5f6e4b0b09fbe58f1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ravens, Thomas M.","contributorId":24668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravens","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Jinlin","contributorId":25841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jinlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":480644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038908,"text":"cir1374 - 2012 - Geology along Mosca Pass Trail, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"cir1374","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1374","title":"Geology along Mosca Pass Trail, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mosca Pass Trail takes the hiker on a journey into the Earth's crust. Here you can see the results of tremendous tectonic forces that bend and tear rocks apart and raise mountain ranges. The trail begins near the Sangre de Cristo fault, which separates the Sangre de Cristo Range from the San Luis Valley. The valley is part of the Rio Grande rift, a series of fault basins extending from southern New Mexico to central Colorado, wherein the Earth's crust has been pulled apart during the last 30 million years. Thousands of feet of sediment, brought by streams mostly from the Sangre de Cristo Range, fill the San Luis Valley beneath the Great Sand Dunes. The trail ends at Mosca Pass overlooking Huerfano Park. The park is part of the larger Raton Basin, formed by compression of the Earth's crust during the Laramide orogeny, which occurred 70&ndash;40 million years ago. Massive highlands, the remnants of which are preserved in the Sangre de Cristo Range, were uplifted and pushed over the western side of the Raton Basin. Streams eroded the highland as it rose and filled the Raton Basin with sediment. After the sediment was compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock, the Huerfano River and other streams began to excavate the basin. Over an unknown but long timespan that probably lasted millions of years, relatively soft sedimentary rocks were removed by the river to form the valley we call \"Huerfano Park.\" Between the ends of the trail, the hiker walks through an erosional \"window,\" or opening, into red sedimentary rocks overridden by gneiss, a metamorphic rock, during the Laramide orogeny. This window gives the hiker a glimpse into the Laramide highland of 70&ndash;40 million years ago that preceded the present-day Sangre de Cristo Range. The window is the focus of this trail guide. At the east end of the trail, near Mosca Pass, another trail follows the ridgeline south to Carbonate Mountain. Immediately after reaching the first summit above tree line, this trail crosses a narrow valley where red rocks mark an extension of the window across the range. Stunning vistas of the Sangre de Cristo Range extend north to the horizon. The uplifted range stands in sharp contrast to the San Luis Valley on the west and Huerfano Park on the east.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., Klein, T.L., Valdez, A., and Webster, R.J., 2012, Geology along Mosca Pass Trail, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1374, 18 p.; col. ill.; maps col., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1374.","productDescription":"18 p.; col. ill.; maps col.","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1374.gif"},{"id":258147,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1374/Circular1374.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mosca Pass Trail;Great Sand Dunes National Park And Preserve","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2289e4b0c8380cd5712d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdez, Andrew","contributorId":31616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webster, Robert J.","contributorId":107141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038911,"text":"sim3206 - 2012 - Surficial geologic map of the Ivanpah 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California, and Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:19:23.964425","indexId":"sim3206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3206","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Ivanpah 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California, and Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"This map was prepared as part of a suite of surficial geologic maps covering the northern Mojave Desert to investigate neotectonic features and map soils of relevance for ecological properties. The map covers an area of the eastern Mojave Desert that includes the Cinder Cones, Cima Dome, Ivanpah Valley, and Lanfair Valley and includes major mountain chains of the Providence, New York, and Ivanpah Mountains, all within the Mojave National Preserve. Surficial geology includes expansive pediments, broad valley-bottom sediment tracts, and dune fields of the Devils Playground. Two Quaternary fault zones are identified, as well as several others that probably are Quaternary.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3206","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., 2012, Surficial geologic map of the Ivanpah 30' x 60' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California, and Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3206, Report: iii, 14 p.; 1 Sheet: 54.13 x 28.83 inches; Readme: Metadata; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3206.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 14 p.; 1 Sheet: 54.13 x 28.83 inches; Readme: Metadata; GIS Database","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418369,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97038.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3206.jpg"},{"id":258154,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3206/sim3206_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 11","datum":"1983 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Clark County, San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Ivanpah quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,35 ], [ -116,35.5 ], [ -115,35.5 ], [ -115,35 ], [ -116,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba207e4b08c986b31f471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":1707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":465220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038902,"text":"sir20125090 - 2012 - Analysis of annual dissolved-solids loading from selected natural and irrigated catchments in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1974-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:39:13","indexId":"sir20125090","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5090","title":"Analysis of annual dissolved-solids loading from selected natural and irrigated catchments in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1974-2003","docAbstract":"<p>Dissolved-solids loading from 17 natural catchments and 14 irrigated catchments in the Upper Colorado River Basin was examined for the period from 1974 through 2003. In general, dissolved-solids loading increased and decreased concurrently in natural and irrigated catchments but at different magnitudes. Annually, the magnitude of loading in natural catchments changed about 10 percent more, on average, than in irrigated catchments. Measures of variability, or spread, indicate that natural catchments had 35 percent greater annual variability in loading than irrigated catchments. Precipitation and dissolved-solids loads were positively correlated in natural catchments, and a weak positive correlation was determined for irrigated catchments. A weak negative correlation between temperature and dissolved-solids load was determined for both natural and irrigated catchments. In irrigated catchments, the dissolved-solids load response to an above-average precipitation period from 1982 through 1987 generally lagged behind that in the natural catchments. On average, irrigated catchments with reservoir storage had the largest normalized maximum annual loads during the wet period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125090","usgsCitation":"Kenney, T.A., Gerner, S.J., and Buto, S.G., 2012, Analysis of annual dissolved-solids loading from selected natural and irrigated catchments in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1974-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5090, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125090.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1974-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5090.jpg"},{"id":258139,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5090/pdf/sir20125090.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.69937133789062,\n              36.730079507078415\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.68083190917969,\n            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,{"id":70038914,"text":"fs20123076 - 2012 - White-nose syndrome in bats: U.S. Geological Survey updates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T15:59:41.849087","indexId":"fs20123076","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3076","title":"White-nose syndrome in bats: U.S. Geological Survey updates","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a devastating disease that has killed millions of hibernating bats since it first appeared in New York in 2007 and has spread at an alarming rate from the northeastern to the central United States and Canada. The disease is named for the white fungus <i>Geomyces destructans</i> that infects the skin of the muzzle, ears, and wings of hibernating bats. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC), the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and other partners continue to play a primary role in WNS research. Studies conducted at the NWHC led to the discovery (Blehert and others, 2009), characterization, and naming (Gargas and others, 2009) of the cold-loving fungus <i>G. destructans</i> and to the development of standardized criteria for diagnosing the disease (Meteyer and others, 2009). Additionally, scientists at the NWHC have pioneered laboratory techniques for studying the effects of the fungus on hibernating bats (Lorch and others, 2011). To determine if bats are affected by white-nose syndrome, scientists look for a characteristic microscopic pattern of skin erosion caused by <i>G. destructans</i> (Meteyer and others, 2009). Field signs of WNS can include visible white fungal growth on the bat's muzzle, wings, or both, but these signs alone are not a reliable disease indicator - laboratory examination and testing are required for disease confirmation. Infected bats also arouse from hibernation more frequently than uninfected bats (Warnecke and others, 2012) and often display abnormal behaviors in their hibernation sites, such as congregating at or near cave openings and daytime flights during winter. These abnormal behaviors may contribute to the bat's accelerated consumption of stored fat reserves, causing emaciation, a characteristic documented in some of the bats that die with WNS. During hibernation, bats likely have lowered immunity (Bouma and others, 2010), which may facilitate the ability of <i>G. destructans</i> to colonize and damage large areas of wing membrane (fig. 2). A current hypothesis suggests that erosion or ulceration of wing membrane caused by the fungus has the potential to alter the physiology of hibernating bats, resulting in fatal disruption of hydration, electrolyte balance, circulation, and thermoregulation (Cryan and others, 2010). Current estimates of bat population declines in the northeastern United States since the emergence of WNS are over 80 percent (Turner and others, 2011). This sudden and widespread mortality associated with WNS is unprecedented in hibernating bats, among which large-scale disease outbreaks have not been previously documented. It is unlikely that species of bats affected by WNS will recover quickly because most are long-lived and have only a single pup per year. Consequently, repopulation after widespread mortality of breeding adults will be a slow process. Worldwide, bats play essential roles as pollinators, seed dispersers, and as primary consumers of insects. The true ecological consequences of the recent large-scale reductions in populations of hibernating bats are not yet known. However, farmers might feel the impact. A recent economic analysis indicated that insect control services (ecosystem services) provided by bats to U.S. agriculture is valued between 4 to 50 billion dollars nationwide per year (Boyles and others, 2011). The number of North American bats estimated to have died from WNS thus far had the capacity to consume up to 8,000 tons of insects per year (Boyles and others, 2011). The area of North America affected by WNS continues to expand. Within the last 2 years, the disease has been confirmed in several Central States, including Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and Missouri. High mortality of bats has not yet been reported at these locations, and it remains to be seen if WNS will develop and manifest in other States with the same severity as that in the Northeast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123076","usgsCitation":"Rogall, G.M., and Verant, M., 2012, White-nose syndrome in bats: U.S. Geological Survey updates: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3076, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123076.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-038181","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258158,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3076/pdf/WNSfactsheet_2012_online0613.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3076.gif"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alabama;Connecticut;Delaware;Illinois;Indiana;Iowa;Kentucky;Maine;Maryl;Massachusetts;Missouri;New Brunswick;New Hampshire;New Jersey;New York;North Carolina;Nova Scotia;Ohio;Oklahoma;Ontario;Pennsylvania;Quebec;Vermont;Virginia;West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,34 ], [ -100,51.166666666666664 ], [ -58.5,51.166666666666664 ], [ -58.5,34 ], [ -100,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd07ae4b08c986b32ee9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogall, Gail Moede","contributorId":45032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogall","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"Moede","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verant, Michelle","contributorId":33167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verant","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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