{"pageNumber":"1634","pageRowStart":"40825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70038908,"text":"cir1374 - 2012 - Geology along Mosca Pass Trail, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"cir1374","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1374","title":"Geology along Mosca Pass Trail, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado","docAbstract":"Mosca Pass Trail takes the hiker on a journey into the Earth's crust. Here you can see the results of tremendous tectonic forces that bend and tear rocks apart and raise mountain ranges. The trail begins near the Sangre de Cristo fault, which separates the Sangre de Cristo Range from the San Luis Valley. The valley is part of the Rio Grande rift, a series of fault basins extending from southern New Mexico to central Colorado, wherein the Earth's crust has been pulled apart during the last 30 million years. Thousands of feet of sediment, brought by streams mostly from the Sangre de Cristo Range, fill the San Luis Valley beneath the Great Sand Dunes. The trail ends at Mosca Pass overlooking Huerfano Park. The park is part of the larger Raton Basin, formed by compression of the Earth's crust during the Laramide orogeny, which occurred 70–40 million years ago. Massive highlands, the remnants of which are preserved in the Sangre de Cristo Range, were uplifted and pushed over the western side of the Raton Basin. Streams eroded the highland as it rose and filled the Raton Basin with sediment. After the sediment was compacted and cemented to form sedimentary rock, the Huerfano River and other streams began to excavate the basin. Over an unknown but long timespan that probably lasted millions of years, relatively soft sedimentary rocks were removed by the river to form the valley we call \"Huerfano Park.\" Between the ends of the trail, the hiker walks through an erosional \"window,\" or opening, into red sedimentary rocks overridden by gneiss, a metamorphic rock, during the Laramide orogeny. This window gives the hiker a glimpse into the Laramide highland of 70–40 million years ago that preceded the present-day Sangre de Cristo Range. The window is the focus of this trail guide. At the east end of the trail, near Mosca Pass, another trail follows the ridgeline south to Carbonate Mountain. Immediately after reaching the first summit above tree line, this trail crosses a narrow valley where red rocks mark an extension of the window across the range. Stunning vistas of the Sangre de Cristo Range extend north to the horizon. The uplifted range stands in sharp contrast to the San Luis Valley on the west and Huerfano Park on the east.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1374","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., Klein, T.L., Valdez, A., and Webster, R.J., 2012, Geology along Mosca Pass Trail, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1374, 18 p.; col. ill.; maps col., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1374.","productDescription":"18 p.; col. ill.; maps col.","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1374.gif"},{"id":258147,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1374/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1374/Circular1374.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mosca Pass Trail;Great Sand Dunes National Park And Preserve","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2289e4b0c8380cd5712d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdez, Andrew","contributorId":31616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webster, Robert J.","contributorId":107141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70154911,"text":"70154911 - 2012 - Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, with comments on McCurtain County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-21T14:42:02","indexId":"70154911","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-02T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2920,"text":"Occasional Papers of the Museum at Texas Tech University","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, with comments on McCurtain County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Red Slough Wildlife Management Area (RSWMA) is located in the southeastern corner of Oklahoma, McCurtain County, and represents the extreme northwestern extent of the South Central Plains (SCP) ecoregion. Previous mammal research in southeastern Oklahoma has focused mostly on the Ouachita Mountains to the north of RSWMA. As a result, of the 69 species of mammals potentially occurring in McCurtain County, only 48 species represented by 599 voucher specimens reside in natural history collections. We present results from a mammal survey of RSWMA conducted from December 2009 to August 2010. We captured 574 non-volant small mammals in 9,115 trap-nights, 11 bats in 17 net-nights, and seven salvaged meso-mammals resulting in 157 voucher specimens of 22 mammal species, including the first specimen of Castor canadensis for McCurtain County, and photographic vouchers for eight additional species from RSWMA. These results provide a baseline for future studies on RSWMA and substantially increase our natural history knowledge for many relatively under-studied mammals in southeastern Oklahoma</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Museum of Texas Tech University","publisherLocation":"Lubbock, TX","usgsCitation":"Roehrs, Z.P., Lack, J.B., Stanley, C.E., Seiden, C.J., Bastarache, R., Arbour, W.D., Hamilton, M.J., Leslie, D., and Van Den Bussche, R.A., 2012, Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, with comments on McCurtain County, Oklahoma: Occasional Papers of the Museum at Texas Tech University, v. 309, p. 1-24.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-12-01","temporalEnd":"2010-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-034557","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/publications/opapers/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"McCurtain","otherGeospatial":"Red Slough Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.7024917602539,\n              33.705205824960686\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7024917602539,\n              33.76687574159746\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.57202911376953,\n              33.76687574159746\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.57202911376953,\n              33.705205824960686\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7024917602539,\n              33.705205824960686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"309","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55af6d2ce4b09a3b01b51aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehrs, Zachary P.","contributorId":145761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehrs","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lack, Justin B.","contributorId":145762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lack","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Craig E. Jr.","contributorId":145767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Craig","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seiden, Christopher J.","contributorId":145763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seiden","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bastarache, Robert","contributorId":145764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bastarache","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arbour, W. David","contributorId":145765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arbour","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamilton, Meredith J.","contributorId":145766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Van Den Bussche, Ronald A.","contributorId":41121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den Bussche","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70038898,"text":"ofr20111274 - 2012 - Paleontology and geochronology of the Long Beach core sites and monitoring wells, Long Beach, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-13T01:01:54","indexId":"ofr20111274","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1274","title":"Paleontology and geochronology of the Long Beach core sites and monitoring wells, Long Beach, California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Focus on Quaternary Stratigraphy in Los Angeles (FOQUS-LA) project was a cooperative coring program between Federal, State, and local agencies. It was designed to provide a better understanding of earthquake potentials and to develop a stratigraphic model of the western Los Angeles Basin in California. The biostratigraphic, geochronologic, and paleoecologic analyses of eight wells drilled during the FOQUS-LA project are presented. These analyses are based on microfossils (benthic and planktic foraminifers), macrofossils, paleomagnetic stratigraphy, optically stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescence, radiocarbon dating, and tephrochronology. A geochronologic framework (incorporating paleomagnetism, luminescence, and tephrochronology) was used to calibrate the sequence stratigraphic units in the FOQUS-LA wells and also was used to calibrate the ages of the microfossil stage and zonal boundaries. The results of this study show that (1) the offshore California margin zones can be used in a nearshore setting, and (2) the California margin zonal scheme refines the chronostratigraphic resolution of the benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework for the Pacific Coast. Benthic foraminiferal stages are modified by the recognition of an early Hallian substage, which is a faunal change recognized throughout the Los Angeles Basin. Although no detailed macrofossil zonations exist for the Quaternary of southern California, several species, whose distribution is regulated by the climatic conditions, are useful as secondary marker species in the shallower water deposits of the Los Angeles Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111274","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and the Water Replenishment District of Southern California","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., Hillhouse, J., Powell, C., Mahan, S., Wan, E., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 2012, Paleontology and geochronology of the Long Beach core sites and monitoring wells, Long Beach, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1274, xi, 223 p.; Plates Folder; All Files Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111274.","productDescription":"xi, 223 p.; Plates Folder; All Files Folder","numberOfPages":"235","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1274/of2011-1274_report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258130,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1274/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1274.png"}],"country":"United States","city":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Beach;Los Angeles Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7437e4b0c8380cd774fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, Kristin 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":85610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillhouse, John","contributorId":25400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Charles II","contributorId":83379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":19239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70038896,"text":"fs20123074 - 2012 - U.S. Geological Survey community for data integration: data upload, registry, and access tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:09","indexId":"fs20123074","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3074","title":"U.S. Geological Survey community for data integration: data upload, registry, and access tool","docAbstract":"As a leading science and information agency and in fulfillment of its mission to provide reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ensures that all scientific data are effectively hosted, adequately described, and appropriately accessible to scientists, collaborators, and the general public. To succeed in this task, the USGS established the Community for Data Integration (CDI) to address data and information management issues affecting the proficiency of earth science research. Through the CDI, the USGS is providing data and metadata management tools, cyber infrastructure, collaboration tools, and training in support of scientists and technology specialists throughout the project life cycle. One of the significant tools recently created to contribute to this mission is the Uploader tool. This tool allows scientists with limited data management resources to address many of the key aspects of the data life cycle: the ability to protect, preserve, publish and share data. By implementing this application inside ScienceBase, scientists also can take advantage of other collaboration capabilities provided by the ScienceBase platform.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123074","usgsCitation":"Fort Collins Science Center Web Applications Team, 2012, U.S. Geological Survey community for data integration: data upload, registry, and access tool: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3074, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123074.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3074.gif"},{"id":258127,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3074/FS12-3074.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbaa5e4b08c986b32829c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fort Collins Science Center Web Applications Team","contributorId":128106,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Fort Collins Science Center Web Applications Team","id":535197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038475,"text":"70038475 - 2012 - Publication: Evansville hazard maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:09","indexId":"70038475","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1432,"text":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Publication: Evansville hazard maps","docAbstract":"The Evansville (Indiana) Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project was completed in February 2012. It was a collaborative effort among the U.S. Geological Survey and regional partners Purdue University; the Center for Earthquake Research and Information at the University of Memphis; the state geologic surveys of Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana; the Southwest Indiana Disaster Resistant Community Corporation; and the Central U.S. Earthquake Consortium state geologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","usgsCitation":"Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project, 2012, Publication: Evansville hazard maps: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Newsletter, v. June 2012, p. 7-7.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.eeri.org/wp-content/uploads/June12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Evansville","volume":"June 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ff0e4b0c8380cd7fa49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project","contributorId":128184,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project","id":535187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70118130,"text":"70118130 - 2012 - A trait-based framework for predicting when and where microbial adaptation to climate change will affect ecosystem functioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T16:12:33","indexId":"70118130","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T16:10:28","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A trait-based framework for predicting when and where microbial adaptation to climate change will affect ecosystem functioning","docAbstract":"As the earth system changes in response to human activities, a critical objective is to predict how biogeochemical process rates (e.g. nitrification, decomposition) and ecosystem function (e.g. net ecosystem productivity) will change under future conditions. A particular challenge is that the microbial communities that drive many of these processes are capable of adapting to environmental change in ways that alter ecosystem functioning. Despite evidence that microbes can adapt to temperature, precipitation regimes, and redox fluctuations, microbial communities are typically not optimally adapted to their local environment. For example, temperature optima for growth and enzyme activity are often greater than in situ temperatures in their environment. Here we discuss fundamental constraints on microbial adaptation and suggest specific environments where microbial adaptation to climate change (or lack thereof) is most likely to alter ecosystem functioning. Our framework is based on two principal assumptions. First, there are fundamental ecological trade-offs in microbial community traits that occur across environmental gradients (in time and space). These trade-offs result in shifting of microbial function (e.g. ability to take up resources at low temperature) in response to adaptation of another trait (e.g. limiting maintenance respiration at high temperature). Second, the mechanism and level of microbial community adaptation to changing environmental parameters is a function of the potential rate of change in community composition relative to the rate of environmental change. Together, this framework provides a basis for developing testable predictions about how the rate and degree of microbial adaptation to climate change will alter biogeochemical processes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems across the planet.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Dr W. Junk Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1007/s10533-011-9641-8","usgsCitation":"Wallenstein, M.D., and Hall, E.K., 2012, A trait-based framework for predicting when and where microbial adaptation to climate change will affect ecosystem functioning: Biogeochemistry, v. 109, no. 1-3, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9641-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291058,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9641-8"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4d1e4b0bc0bec0a11f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallenstein, Matthew D.","contributorId":16334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallenstein","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Edward K. ehall@usgs.gov","contributorId":4837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Edward","email":"ehall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70102472,"text":"70102472 - 2012 - Gaining the necessary geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical understanding for additional brackish groundwater development, coastal San Diego, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-02T14:56:17","indexId":"70102472","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T15:38:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Gaining the necessary geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical understanding for additional brackish groundwater development, coastal San Diego, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Local water agencies and the United States Geological Survey are using a \ncombination of techniques to better understand the scant freshwater resources and the much \nmore abundant brackish resources in coastal San Diego, California, USA. Techniques include \ninstallation of multiple-depth monitoring well sites; geologic and paleontological analysis of \ndrill cuttings; geophysical logging to identify formations and possible seawater intrusion; \nsampling of pore-water obtained from cores; analysis of chemical constituents including trace \nelements and isotopes; and use of scoping models including a three-dimensional geologic \nframework model, rainfall-runoff model, regional groundwater flow model, and coastal \ndensity-dependent groundwater flow model. Results show that most fresh groundwater was \nrecharged during the last glacial period and that the coastal aquifer has had recurring \nintrusions of fresh and saline water. These intrusions disguise the source, flowpaths, and \nhistory of ground water near the coast. The flow system includes a freshwater lens resting on \nbrackish water; a 100-meter-thick flowtube of freshwater discharging under brackish \nestuarine water and above highly saline water; and broad areas of fine-grained coastal \nsediment filled with fairly uniform brackish water. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen \nindicate the recharged water flows through many kilometers of fractured crystalline rock \nbefore entering the narrow coastal aquifer.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"22nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM)","conferenceTitle":"22nd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM)","conferenceDate":"2012-06-17T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Buzios, Brazil","language":"English","publisher":"Salt Water Intrusion Meeting (SWIM)","usgsCitation":"Danskin, W.R., 2012, Gaining the necessary geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical understanding for additional brackish groundwater development, coastal San Diego, California, USA, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-037915","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286520,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/sandiego/abstracts/SWIM.Danskin.LoRes.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.282167,32.534856 ], [ -117.282167,33.114249 ], [ -116.90816,33.114249 ], [ -116.90816,32.534856 ], [ -117.282167,32.534856 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b13ee4b0388651d9173b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155347,"text":"70155347 - 2012 - RAD sequencing yields a high success rate for westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout species-diagnostic SNP assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-07T11:50:29","indexId":"70155347","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"RAD sequencing yields a high success rate for westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout species-diagnostic SNP assays","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hybridization with introduced rainbow trout threatens most native westslope cutthroat trout populations. Understanding the genetic effects of hybridization and introgression requires a large set of high-throughput, diagnostic genetic markers to inform conservation and management. Recently, we identified several thousand candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on RAD sequencing of 11 westslope cutthroat trout and 13 rainbow trout individuals. Here, we used flanking sequence for 56 of these candidate SNP markers to design high-throughput genotyping assays. We validated the assays on a total of 92 individuals from 22 populations and seven hatchery strains. Forty-six assays (82%) amplified consistently and allowed easy identification of westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout alleles as well as heterozygote controls. The 46 SNPs will provide high power for early detection of population admixture and improved identification of hybrid and nonhybridized individuals. This technique shows promise as a very low-cost, reliable and relatively rapid method for developing and testing SNP markers for nonmodel organisms with limited genomic resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03157.x","usgsCitation":"Amish, S.J., Hohenlohe, P.A., Painter, S., Leary, R.F., Muhlfeld, C.C., Allendorf, F.W., and Luikart, G., 2012, RAD sequencing yields a high success rate for westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout species-diagnostic SNP assays: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 12, no. 4, p. 653-660, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03157.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"660","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035403","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4d1e4b0bc0bec0a11f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amish, Stephen J.","contributorId":145867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amish","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hohenlohe, Paul A.","contributorId":145864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohenlohe","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Sally","contributorId":145866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"Sally","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leary, Robb F.","contributorId":145865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leary","given":"Robb","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":16271,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allendorf, Fred W.","contributorId":145863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allendorf","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":567558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70043338,"text":"70043338 - 2012 - Reflections on our Model Validation editorial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-12T12:25:07","indexId":"70043338","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T12:22:55","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflections on our Model Validation editorial","docAbstract":"This reprinted editorial from 1993 helps to celebrate the legacy of ideas that have influenced generations of hydrogeologists. Drs. Bredehoeft and Konikow kindly provided the following reflections on their editorial.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00951.x","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J.D., and Konikow, L.F., 2012, Reflections on our Model Validation editorial: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 4, p. 493-495, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00951.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"495","ipdsId":"IP-037619","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":624,"text":"Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274921,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00951.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e1256fe4b02f5cae2b73ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70118563,"text":"70118563 - 2012 - Control of droplet morphology for inkjet-printed TIPS-pentacene transistors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T12:01:39","indexId":"70118563","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2733,"text":"Microelectronic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of droplet morphology for inkjet-printed TIPS-pentacene transistors","docAbstract":"We report on methods to control the morphology of droplets of 6,13-bis(triisopropyl-silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN), which are then used in the fabrication of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The grain size and distribution of the TIPS-PEN were found to depend on the temperature of the droplets during drying. The performance of the OTFTs could be improved by heating the substrate and also by changing the relative positions of the inkjet-printed droplets. In our experiments, the optimum substrate temperature was 46 °C in air. Transistors with the TIPS-PEN grain boundaries parallel to the current flow between the source and drain electrodes exhibited charge carrier mobilities of 0.44 ± 0.08 cm<sup>2</sup>/V s.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microelectronic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.mee.2012.01.006","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., Ryu, G.S., Lee, Y.U., Pearson, C., Petty, M.C., and Song, C.K., 2012, Control of droplet morphology for inkjet-printed TIPS-pentacene transistors: Microelectronic Engineering, v. 95, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.01.006.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1497285","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291300,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.01.006"}],"volume":"95","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4d1e4b0bc0bec0a11f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung Won","contributorId":58950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"","middleInitial":"Won","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryu, Gi Seong","contributorId":50452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryu","given":"Gi","email":"","middleInitial":"Seong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Young Uk","contributorId":8771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Young","email":"","middleInitial":"Uk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearson, Christopher","contributorId":49278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petty, Michael C.","contributorId":80591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Song, Chung Kun","contributorId":94983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"Chung","email":"","middleInitial":"Kun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70143818,"text":"70143818 - 2012 - Colonizing the world in spite of reduced MHC variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:15:48","indexId":"70143818","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2273,"text":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colonizing the world in spite of reduced MHC variation","docAbstract":"<p>Reduced immune gene diversity is thought to negatively affect the capacity of organisms to adapt to pathogen challenges, which represent a major force in natural selection. Genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are the most widely invoked adaptive loci in conservation biology, and have become the most popular genetic markers to investigate pathogen-host interactions in vertebrates. Although MHC genes are the most polymorphic genes described in the vertebrate genome, the extent to which MHC diversity determines the long-term persistence of populations is, unclear and often debated, as recent studies have documented the occurrence of natural populations thriving even after a depletion of MHC diversity caused by genetic drift. Here, we show that some phylogenetically related species belonging to the Falco genus (Aves: Falconidae) present a dramatically low MHC variability that has not precluded, nevertheless, the successful colonization of almost all existing regions and habitats worldwide. We found evidence for two remarkably different patterns of MHC variation within the genus. While kestrels show a high MHC variation according to the general theory, falcons exhibit an ancestrally low intra- and inter-specific MHC allelic diversity. We provide compelling evidence that this pattern is not caused by the degeneration of functional genes into pseudogenes, the inadvertent analyses of paralogous MHC genes, or the devastating action of genetic drift. Instead, our results strongly support the idea of an evolutionary transition driven and maintained by natural selection from primarily highly variable towards low polymorphic, but functional and expressed, MHC genes with species-specific pathogen-recognition capabilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Society of Evolutionary Biology","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02529.x","usgsCitation":"Gangoso, L., Alcaide, M., Grande, J., Munoz, J., Talbot, S.L., Sonsthagen, S.A., Sage, G.K., and Figuerola, J., 2012, Colonizing the world in spite of reduced MHC variation: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1438-1447, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02529.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1438","endPage":"1447","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035413","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02529.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298853,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02529.x"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55113940e4b02e76d75b50d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gangoso, L.","contributorId":139797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangoso","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alcaide, M.","contributorId":139798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alcaide","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grande, J.M.","contributorId":139799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grande","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munoz, J.","contributorId":139800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Figuerola, J.","contributorId":65277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figuerola","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70169880,"text":"70169880 - 2012 - Examining spring wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence along the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T10:43:41","indexId":"70169880","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining spring wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence along the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Wet slab and glide snow avalanches are dangerous and yet can be particularly difficult to predict. Wet slab and glide avalanches are presumably triggered by free water moving through the snowpack and the subsequent interaction with layer or ground interfaces, and typically occur in the spring during warming and subsequent melt periods. In Glacier National Park (GNP), Montana, both types of avalanches can occur in the same year and affect the spring opening operations of the Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR).</p>\n<p id=\"sp0010\">We investigated the timing of wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence along the GTSR from 2003 to 2011 using meteorological and snowpack data from two high-elevation weather stations, one SNOTEL site, and an avalanche database to characterize 55 wet slab and 182 glide avalanches. Daily wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence were combined to represent an avalanche day and were compared to non-avalanche days (no avalanche occurrence) for 60 variables (both direct and derived measurements) using a univariate analysis. A classification tree (CART) was then trained to capture the most important variables for examining specific meteorological and snowpack variables that contribute to these types of wet snow avalanches. The CART was 10-fold cross validated using the data for 2003&ndash;2010 seasons and resulted in overall predictive accuracy of 73%. We then used the statistically optimal CART as a predictive model for the spring avalanche season of 2011, which resulted in an overall predictive accuracy of 82% for both avalanche and non-avalanche days, and a predictive accuracy of 91% for avalanche days.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0015\">The results suggest that the role of air temperature and snowpack settlement appear to be the most important variables in wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence. When applied to the 2011 season, the results of the CART model are encouraging and they enhance our understanding of some of the required meteorological and snowpack conditions for wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.012","usgsCitation":"Peitzsch, E.H., Hendrikx, J., Fagre, D.B., and Reardon, B., 2012, Examining spring wet slab and glide avalanche occurrence along the Going-to-the-Sun Road corridor, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 78, p. 73-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.012.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032503","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319575,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fba7a5e4b0a6037df1a140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peitzsch, Erich H. 0000-0001-7624-0455 epeitzsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-0455","contributorId":3786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peitzsch","given":"Erich","email":"epeitzsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendrikx, Jordy","contributorId":166967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hendrikx","given":"Jordy","affiliations":[{"id":13628,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 173480, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. 59717.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reardon, Blase","contributorId":168313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","affiliations":[{"id":25251,"text":"University of Montana, Department of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074333,"text":"70074333 - 2012 - Monitoring groundwater-surface water interaction using time-series and time-frequency analysis of transient three-dimensional electrical resistivity changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T11:47:14","indexId":"70074333","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T11:21:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring groundwater-surface water interaction using time-series and time-frequency analysis of transient three-dimensional electrical resistivity changes","docAbstract":"Time-lapse resistivity imaging is increasingly used to monitor hydrologic processes. Compared to conventional hydrologic measurements, surface time-lapse resistivity provides superior spatial coverage in two or three dimensions, potentially high-resolution information in time, and information in the absence of wells. However, interpretation of time-lapse electrical tomograms is complicated by the ever-increasing size and complexity of long-term, three-dimensional (3-D) time series conductivity data sets. Here we use 3-D surface time-lapse electrical imaging to monitor subsurface electrical conductivity variations associated with stage-driven groundwater-surface water interactions along a stretch of the Columbia River adjacent to the Hanford 300 near Richland, Washington, USA. We reduce the resulting 3-D conductivity time series using both time-series and time-frequency analyses to isolate a paleochannel causing enhanced groundwater-surface water interactions. Correlation analysis on the time-lapse imaging results concisely represents enhanced groundwater-surface water interactions within the paleochannel, and provides information concerning groundwater flow velocities. Time-frequency analysis using the Stockwell (S) transform provides additional information by identifying the stage periodicities driving groundwater-surface water interactions due to upstream dam operations, and identifying segments in time-frequency space when these interactions are most active. These results provide new insight into the distribution and timing of river water intrusion into the Hanford 300 Area, which has a governing influence on the behavior of a uranium plume left over from historical nuclear fuel processing operations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012WR011893","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., Slater, L.D., Ntarlagiannis, D., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Elwaseif, M., 2012, Monitoring groundwater-surface water interaction using time-series and time-frequency analysis of transient three-dimensional electrical resistivity changes: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 7, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011893.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037950","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012wr011893","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281637,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011893"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Richland","otherGeospatial":"Doe Hanford 300 Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.400291,46.259468 ], [ -119.400291,46.370457 ], [ -119.211394,46.370457 ], [ -119.211394,46.259468 ], [ -119.400291,46.259468 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd681fe4b0b29085101d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Timothy C.","contributorId":99884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Timothy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Lee D.","contributorId":95792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, Dimitris","contributorId":14295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"Dimitris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elwaseif, Mehrez","contributorId":86681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elwaseif","given":"Mehrez","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70098178,"text":"70098178 - 2012 - Rocky Mountain hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role of insolation, ENSO, and the North American Monsoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T09:35:09","indexId":"70098178","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T09:30:28","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rocky Mountain hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role of insolation, ENSO, and the North American Monsoon","docAbstract":"Over the period of instrumental records, precipitation maximum in the headwaters of the Colorado Rocky Mountains has been dominated by winter snow, with a substantial degree of interannual variability linked to Pacific ocean–atmosphere dynamics. High-elevation snowpack is an important water storage that is carefully observed in order to meet increasing water demands in the greater semi-arid region. The purpose here is to consider Rocky Mountain water trends during the Holocene when known changes in earth's energy balance were caused by precession-driven insolation variability. Changes in solar insolation are thought to have influenced the variability and intensity of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North American Monsoon and the seasonal precipitation balance between rain and snow at upper elevations. Holocene records are presented from two high elevation lakes located in northwest Colorado that document decade-to-century scale precipitation seasonality for the past ~ 7000 years. Comparisons with sub-tropical records of ENSO indicate that the snowfall-dominated precipitation maxima developed ~ 3000 and 4000 years ago, coincident with evidence for enhanced ENSO/PDO dynamics. During the early-to-mid Holocene the records suggest a more monsoon affected precipitation regime with reduced snowpack, more rainfall, and net moisture deficits that were more severe than recent droughts. The Holocene perspective of precipitation indicates a far broader range of variability than that of the past century and highlights the non-linear character of hydroclimate in the U.S. west.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.012","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., 2012, Rocky Mountain hydroclimate: Holocene variability and the role of insolation, ENSO, and the North American Monsoon: Global and Planetary Change, v. 92-93, p. 198-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.012.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-035838","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284099,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -129.81,23.48 ], [ -129.81,52.21 ], [ -87.98,52.21 ], [ -87.98,23.48 ], [ -129.81,23.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"92-93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd711ce4b0b2908510778a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045207,"text":"70045207 - 2012 - Structural stability of coprecipitated natural organic matter and ferric iron under reducing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T14:55:37","indexId":"70045207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural stability of coprecipitated natural organic matter and ferric iron under reducing conditions","docAbstract":"The objective was to assess the interaction of Fe coprecipitated with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its effect on Fe (hydr)oxide crystallinity and DOM retention under abiotic reducing conditions. A Fe-based coagulant was reacted with DOM from an agricultural drain and the resulting precipitate (floc) was exposed to S(-II) and Fe(II). Solution concentrations of Fe(II/III) and DOM were monitored, floc crystallinity was determined using X-ray diffraction, and the composition and distribution of functional groups were assessed using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Results indicate coprecipitation of Fe(III) with DOM forms a non-crystalline floc that withstands crystallization regardless of change in pH, Fe:DOM ratio and type of reductant added. There was no evidence that exposure to reducing conditions led to release of DOM from the floc, indicating that coprecipitation with complex natural DOM in aquatic environments may stabilize Fe (hydr)oxides against crystallization upon reaction with reduced species and lead to long term sequestration of the DOM. STXM analysis identified spatially distinct regions with remarkable functional group purity, contrary to the model of DOM as a relatively uniform complex polymer lacking identifiable organic compounds. Polysaccharide-like OM was strongly and directly correlated with the presence of Fe but showed different Fe binding strength depending on the presence of carboxylic acid functional groups, whereas amide and aromatic functional groups were inversely correlated with Fe content.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.04.005","usgsCitation":"Henneberry, Y.K., Kraus, T., Nico, P.S., and Horwath, W., 2012, Structural stability of coprecipitated natural organic matter and ferric iron under reducing conditions: Organic Geochemistry, v. 48, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.04.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-033359","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1212438","text":"External Repository"},{"id":272039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272038,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.04.005"}],"country":"United States","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a227ae4b061e1bd5334d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henneberry, Yumiko K.","contributorId":66157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneberry","given":"Yumiko","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nico, Peter S.","contributorId":22663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horwath, William R.","contributorId":37234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horwath","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038895,"text":"sir20125003 - 2012 - Statistical relations of salt and selenium loads to geospatial characteristics of corresponding subbasins of the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-03T17:03:09","indexId":"sir20125003","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5003","title":"Statistical relations of salt and selenium loads to geospatial characteristics of corresponding subbasins of the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers in Colorado","docAbstract":"Elevated loads of salt and selenium can impair the quality of water for both anthropogenic and natural uses. Understanding the environmental processes controlling how salt and selenium are introduced to streams is critical to managing and mitigating the effects of elevated loads. Dominant relations between salt and selenium loads and environmental characteristics can be established by using geospatial data. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, investigated statistical relations between seasonal salt or selenium loads emanating from the Upper Colorado River Basin and geospatial data. Salt and selenium loads measured during the irrigation and nonirrigation seasons were related to geospatial variables for 168 subbasins within the Gunnison and Colorado River Basins. These geospatial variables represented subbasin characteristics of the physical environment, precipitation, geology, land use, and the irrigation network. All subbasin variables with units of area had statistically significant relations with load. The few variables that were not in units of area but were statistically significant helped to identify types of geospatial data that might influence salt and selenium loading. Following a stepwise approach, combinations of these statistically significant variables were used to develop multiple linear regression models. The models can be used to help prioritize areas where salt and selenium control projects might be most effective.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Leib, K.J., Linard, J.I., and Williams, C.A., 2012, Statistical relations of salt and selenium loads to geospatial characteristics of corresponding subbasins of the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5003, v, 31 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125003.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5003.gif"},{"id":258123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5003/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5003/SIR12-5003.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Gunnison River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9740e4b08c986b31b98f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leib, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-0373-0768 kjleib@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-0768","contributorId":701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjleib@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linard, Joshua I. jilinard@usgs.gov","contributorId":1465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linard","given":"Joshua","email":"jilinard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043500,"text":"70043500 - 2012 - Flood pulsing in the Sudd wetland: analysis of seasonal variations in 2 inundation and evapotranspiration in Southern Sudan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T12:23:56","indexId":"70043500","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood pulsing in the Sudd wetland: analysis of seasonal variations in 2 inundation and evapotranspiration in Southern Sudan","docAbstract":"Located on the Bahr el Jebel in South Sudan, the Sudd is one of the largest floodplain wetlands in the world. Seasonal inundation drives the hydrologic, geomorphological, and ecological processes, and the annual flood pulse is essential to the functioning of the Sudd. Despite the importance of the flood pulse, various hydrological interventions are planned upstream of the Sudd to increase economic benefits and food security. These will not be without consequences, in particular for wetlands where the biological productivity, biodiversity, and human livelihoods are dependent on the flood pulse and both the costs and benefits need to be carefully evaluated. Many African countries still lack regional baseline information on the temporal extent, distribution, and characteristics of wetlands, making it hard to assess the consequences of development interventions. Because of political instability in Sudan and the inaccessible nature of the Sudd, recent measurements of flooding and seasonal dynamics are inadequate. Analyses of multitemporal and multisensor remote sensing datasets are presented in this paper, in order to investigate and characterize flood pulsing within the Sudd wetland over a 12-month period. Wetland area has been mapped along with dominant components of open water and flooded vegetation at five time periods over a single year. The total area of flooding (both rain and river fed) over the 12 months was 41 334 km2, with 9176 km2 of this constituting the permanent wetland. Mean annual total evaporation is shown to be higher and with narrower distribution of values from areas of open water (1718 mm) than from flooded vegetation (1641 mm). Although the exact figures require validation against ground-based measurements, the results highlight the relative differences in inundation patterns and evaporation across the Sudd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Interactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011EI382.1","usgsCitation":"Senay, G.B., Rebelo, L., and McCartney, M., 2012, Flood pulsing in the Sudd wetland: analysis of seasonal variations in 2 inundation and evapotranspiration in Southern Sudan: Earth Interactions, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI382.1.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-025134","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei382.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268019,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011EI382.1"}],"country":"Sudan","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f321e4b04edf7e93f8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rebelo, L-M.","contributorId":12345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebelo","given":"L-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCartney, M.P.","contributorId":15494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartney","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70146269,"text":"70146269 - 2012 - A unifying model for planform straightness of ripples and dunes in air and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-15T12:45:48","indexId":"70146269","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A unifying model for planform straightness of ripples and dunes in air and water","docAbstract":"<p><span>Geologists, physicists, and mathematicians have studied ripples and dunes for more than a century, but despite considerable effort, no general model has been proposed to explain perhaps the most fundamental property of their morphology: why are some bedforms straight, continuous, parallel, and uniform in planform geometry (i.e. two-dimensional) whereas others are irregular (three-dimensional)? Here we argue that physical coupling along the crest of a bedform is required to produce straight crests and that along-crest flow and sand transport provide effective physical mechanisms for that coupling. Ripples and dunes with the straightest and most continuous crests include longitudinal and oblique dunes in unidirectional flows, wave ripples, dunes in reversing flows, wind ripples, and ripples migrating along a slope. At first glance, these bedforms appear quite different (ripples and dunes; air and water; transverse, oblique, and longitudinal orientations relative to the net sand-transport direction), but they all have one property in common: a process that increases the amount of along-crest sand transport (that lengthens and straightens their crests) relative to the across-crest transport (that makes them migrate and take the more typical and more three-dimensional planform geometry). In unidirectional flows that produce straight bedforms, along-crest transport of sand is caused by along-crest flow (non-transverse bedform orientation), gravitational transport along an inclined crest, or ballistic splash in air. Bedforms in reversing flows tend to be straighter than their unidirectional counterparts, because reverse transport across the bedform crest reduces the net across-crest transport (that causes the more typical irregular geometry) relative to the along-crest transport (that smoothes and straightens planform geometry).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.010","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., 2012, A unifying model for planform straightness of ripples and dunes in air and water: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 113, no. 3-4, p. 176-185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031080","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474427,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552f8bb0e4b0b22a158031df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038870,"text":"70038870 - 2012 - Growth Rate and Relocation Movements of Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Nestlings in Relation to Age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-16T06:43:34","indexId":"70038870","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth Rate and Relocation Movements of Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Nestlings in Relation to Age","docAbstract":"Relocation by dependent young is a survival strategy that occurs among a wide range of taxa. The Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) lays its eggs on bare substrate and, once hatched, nestlings may relocate to new sites daily. We located and monitored eight Common Nighthawk nests in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, quantified inter-use-site distances in relation to nestling age, and calculated a nestling growth rate curve. Common Nighthawk nestlings grow in a nearly linear fashion. Nestlings moved up to 48 m in a single day and larger, older nestlings tended to move greater distances between daily use-sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.793","usgsCitation":"Kramer, G.R., and Chalfoun, A., 2012, Growth Rate and Relocation Movements of Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) Nestlings in Relation to Age: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 124, no. 4, p. 793-797, https://doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.793.","startPage":"793","endPage":"797","ipdsId":"IP-038665","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267605,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.793"}],"country":"United States","volume":"124","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5120b894e4b0e93254cd754b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, Gunnar R.","contributorId":94184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Gunnar","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":465121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalfoun, Anna D.","contributorId":36794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalfoun","given":"Anna D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042692,"text":"70042692 - 2012 - Isotope geochemistry and fluxes of carbon and organic matter in tropical small mountainous river systems and adjacent coastal waters of the Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T07:57:23","indexId":"70042692","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope geochemistry and fluxes of carbon and organic matter in tropical small mountainous river systems and adjacent coastal waters of the Caribbean","docAbstract":"Recent studies have shown that small mountainous rivers (SMRs) may act as sources of aged and/or refractory carbon (C) to the coastal ocean, which may increase organic C burial at sea and subsidize coastal food webs and heterotrophy. However, the characteristics and spatial and temporal variability of C and organic matter (OM) exported from tropical SMR systems remain poorly constrained. To address this, the abundance and isotopic character (δ13C and Δ14C) of the three major C pools were measured in two Puerto Rico SMRs with catchments dominated by different land uses (agricultural vs. non-agricultural recovering forest). The abundance and character of C pools in associated estuaries and adjacent coastal waters were also examined. Riverine dissolved and particulate organic C (DOC and POC, respectively) concentrations were highly variable with respect to land use and sampling month, while dissolved inorganic C (DIC) was significantly higher at all times in the agricultural catchment. In both systems, riverine DOC and POC ranged from modern to highly aged (2,340 years before present), while DIC was always modern. The agricultural river and irrigation canals contained very old DOC (1,184 and 2,340 years before present, respectively), which is consistent with findings in temperate SMRs and indicates that these tropical SMRs provide a source of aged DOC to the ocean. During months of high river discharge, OM in estuarine and coastal waters had C isotope signatures reflective of direct terrestrial input, indicating that relatively unaltered OM is transported to the coastal ocean at these times. This is also consistent with findings in temperate SMRs and indicates that C transported to the coastal ocean by SMRs may differ from that of larger rivers because it is exported from smaller catchments that have steeper terrains and fewer land-use types.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-012-9751-y","usgsCitation":"Moyer, R., Bauer, J., and Grottoli, A., 2012, Isotope geochemistry and fluxes of carbon and organic matter in tropical small mountainous river systems and adjacent coastal waters of the Caribbean: Biogeochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9751-y.","ipdsId":"IP-021879","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267980,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9751-y"},{"id":267981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f330e4b04edf7e93f8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyer, Ryan","contributorId":48460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, James","contributorId":75407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grottoli, Andrea","contributorId":57340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grottoli","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045128,"text":"70045128 - 2012 - Refinements to the method of epicentral location based on surface waves from ambient seismic noise: introducing Love waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-25T15:34:20","indexId":"70045128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refinements to the method of epicentral location based on surface waves from ambient seismic noise: introducing Love waves","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study is to develop and test a modification to a previous method of regional seismic event location based on Empirical Green’s Functions (EGFs) produced from ambient seismic noise. Elastic EGFs between pairs of seismic stations are determined by cross-correlating long ambient noise time-series recorded at the two stations. The EGFs principally contain Rayleigh- and Love-wave energy on the vertical and transverse components, respectively, and we utilize these signals between about 5 and 12 s period. The previous method, based exclusively on Rayleigh waves, may yield biased epicentral locations for certain event types with hypocentral depths between 2 and 5 km. Here we present theoretical arguments that show how Love waves can be introduced to reduce or potentially eliminate the bias. We also present applications of Rayleigh- and Love-wave EGFs to locate 10 reference events in the western United States. The separate Rayleigh and Love epicentral locations and the joint locations using a combination of the two waves agree to within 1 km distance, on average, but confidence ellipses are smallest when both types of waves are used.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05631.x","usgsCitation":"Levshin, A.L., Barmin, M.P., Moschetti, M.P., Mendoza, C., and Ritzwoller, M.H., 2012, Refinements to the method of epicentral location based on surface waves from ambient seismic noise: introducing Love waves: Geophysical Journal International, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05631.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-040412","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05631.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274225,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05631.x"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe4e4b0d298e5434c70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levshin, Anatoli L.","contributorId":21444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levshin","given":"Anatoli","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barmin, Mikhail P.","contributorId":93363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barmin","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendoza, Carlos","contributorId":10313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ritzwoller, Michael H.","contributorId":58168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritzwoller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70045135,"text":"70045135 - 2012 - Objective definition of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the initiation of post-fire debris flows in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-17T20:25:15","indexId":"70045135","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Objective definition of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the initiation of post-fire debris flows in southern California","docAbstract":"Rainfall intensity–duration (ID) thresholds are commonly used to predict the temporal occurrence of debris flows and shallow landslides. Typically, thresholds are subjectively defined as the upper limit of peak rainstorm intensities that do not produce debris flows and landslides, or as the lower limit of peak rainstorm intensities that initiate debris flows and landslides. In addition, peak rainstorm intensities are often used to define thresholds, as data regarding the precise timing of debris flows and associated rainfall intensities are usually not available, and rainfall characteristics are often estimated from distant gauging locations. Here, we attempt to improve the performance of existing threshold-based predictions of post-fire debris-flow occurrence by utilizing data on the precise timing of debris flows relative to rainfall intensity, and develop an objective method to define the threshold intensities. We objectively defined the thresholds by maximizing the number of correct predictions of debris flow occurrence while minimizing the rate of both Type I (false positive) and Type II (false negative) errors. We identified that (1) there were statistically significant differences between peak storm and triggering intensities, (2) the objectively defined threshold model presents a better balance between predictive success, false alarms and failed alarms than previous subjectively defined thresholds, (3) thresholds based on measurements of rainfall intensity over shorter duration (≤60 min) are better predictors of post-fire debris-flow initiation than longer duration thresholds, and (4) the objectively defined thresholds were exceeded prior to the recorded time of debris flow at frequencies similar to or better than subjective thresholds. Our findings highlight the need to better constrain the timing and processes of initiation of landslides and debris flows for future threshold studies. In addition, the methods used to define rainfall thresholds in this study represent a computationally simple means of deriving critical values for other studies of nonlinear phenomena characterized by thresholds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10346-012-0341-9","usgsCitation":"Staley, D., Kean, J.W., Cannon, S.H., Schmidt, K.M., and Laber, J.L., 2012, Objective definition of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the initiation of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Landslides, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0341-9.","ipdsId":"IP-036312","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271027,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0341-9"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc467e4b05024ef3cd415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis","contributorId":44290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laber, Jayme L.","contributorId":36832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laber","given":"Jayme","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193393,"text":"70193393 - 2012 - Canada Warbler use of harvested stands following timber management in the southern portion of their range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-14T15:16:40","indexId":"70193393","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canada Warbler use of harvested stands following timber management in the southern portion of their range","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated Canada Warbler (</span><i>Cardellina canadensis</i><span>) responses to changes in habitat characteristics (landscape metrics, landcover, and microhabitat features) at multiple spatial scales resulting from timber harvests (clear-cut, heavy partial, and light partial) between 1996 and 2009. Relative abundance of Canada Warblers decreased over time on our West Virginia study area (Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest) and within the Appalachian Bird Conservation Region. Initially, relative abundance was greater closer to roads, but as timber harvests became more common, relative abundance became positively associated with amount of light partial harvests at the local scale. Nest survival was 45.6</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>18.3% during 1996–1998 and 24.9</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>14.6% during 2007–2009, but did not differ (</span><i>P&nbsp;</i><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.38) between these periods. Areas around nests in 2007–2009 (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>17) had less intermediate canopy cover and fewer residual trees but more green cover, woody debris, and pole trees than areas around nests in 1996–1998 (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10). Successful nests had more low cover, less vertical diversity, more woody debris, more saplings, and greater edge density than failed nests. We found a positive association between relative abundance and all three types of timber harvests and an improvement in habitat through understory development and retention of residual trees. Our research finds preliminary support for use of timber harvests, particularly light partial harvests, as a management tool for Canada Warblers in the southern portion of their range with the need for extended research using treatments and controls to confirm successful management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.018","usgsCitation":"Becker, D.A., Wood, P.B., and Keyser, P.D., 2012, Canada Warbler use of harvested stands following timber management in the southern portion of their range: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 276, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","ipdsId":"IP-024604","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"276","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61057ee4b06e28e9c25552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Douglas A.","contributorId":169852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156581,"text":"70156581 - 2012 - Dealing with incomplete and variable detectability in multi-year, multi-site monitoring of ecological populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T09:59:39","indexId":"70156581","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dealing with incomplete and variable detectability in multi-year, multi-site monitoring of ecological populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>An ecological monitoring program should be viewed as a component of a larger framework designed to advance science and/or management, rather than as a stand-alone activity. Monitoring targets (the ecological variables of interest; e.g. abundance or occurrence of a species) should be set based on the needs of that framework (Nichols and Williams 2006; e.g. Chapters 2&ndash;4). Once such monitoring targets are set, the subsequent step in monitoring design involves consideration of the field and analytical methods that will be used to measure monitoring targets with adequate accuracy and precision. Long-term monitoring programs will involve replication of measurements over time, and possibly over space; that is, one location or each of multiple locations will be monitored multiple times, producing a collection of site visits (replicates). Clearly this replication is important for addressing spatial and temporal variability in the ecological resources of interest (Chapters 7&ndash;10), but it is worth considering how this replication can further be exploited to increase the effectiveness of monitoring. In particular, defensible monitoring of the majority of animal, and to a lesser degree plant, populations and communities will generally require investigators to account for imperfect detection (Chapters 4, 18). Raw indices of population state variables, such as abundance or occupancy (sensu MacKenzie et al. 2002), are rarely defensible when detection probabilities are &lt; 1, because in those cases detection may vary over time and space in unpredictable ways. Myriad authors have discussed the risks inherent in making inference from monitoring data while failing to correct for differences in detection, resulting in indices that have an unknown relationship to the parameters of interest (e.g. Nichols 1992, Anderson 2001, MacKenzie et al. 2002, Williams et al. 2002, Anderson 2003, White 2005, K&eacute;ry and Schmidt 2008). While others have argued that indices may be preferable in some cases due to the challenges associated with estimating detection probabilities (e.g. McKelvey and Pearson 2001, Johnson 2008), we do not attempt to resolve this debate here. Rather, we are more apt to agree with MacKenzie and Kendall (2002) that the burden of proof ought to be on the assertion that detection probabilities are constant. Furthermore, given the wide variety of field methods available for estimating detection probabilities and the inability for an investigator to know, a priori, if detection probabilities will be constant over time and space, we believe that development of monitoring programs ought to include field and analytical methods to account for the imperfect detection of organisms.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9781139022422.025","usgsCitation":"Converse, S.J., and Royle, J., 2012, Dealing with incomplete and variable detectability in multi-year, multi-site monitoring of ecological populations, chap. <i>of</i> Design and analysis of long-term ecological monitoring studies, p. 426-442, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022422.025.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"442","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56505241e4b0f162148c5cf5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569570,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":11141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569571,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Andrew B.","contributorId":112048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569572,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Licht, Daniel S.","contributorId":113213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licht","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":3513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew aroyle@usgs.gov","contributorId":138860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70150409,"text":"70150409 - 2012 - Backwaters in the upper reaches of reservoirs produce high densities of age-0 crappies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T14:37:42","indexId":"70150409","displayToPublicDate":"2012-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Backwaters in the upper reaches of reservoirs produce high densities of age-0 crappies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reservoir backwaters are aquatic habitats in floodplains of reservoir tributaries that are permanently or periodically flooded by the reservoir. Like many reservoir arms, backwaters are commonly shallow, littoral habitats, but they differ from arms in various respects, including their support of primarily wetland plant assemblages that are tolerant to flooding. Elsewhere, the reservoir floods mainly upland plants that are less tolerant to flooding, producing a band of barren shoreline along the fluctuation zone. We investigated differences in relative abundance of age-0 crappies&nbsp;</span><i>Pomoxis</i><span>&nbsp;spp. in backwaters and arms of widely fluctuating flood control reservoirs, examined the effect of water level, and estimated the likelihood and timing with which these habitats are flooded annually. Higher catch rates of age-0 crappies were obtained in backwater habitats than in arm habitats. When inundated during the crappie spawning season, backwaters provided vegetated habitat at lower water levels than arms. Backwaters flooded earlier than arms and remained flooded longer to provide prolonged nursery habitat. Whereas vegetated habitat was inundated almost yearly in backwaters and arms, inundation that was timed to the onset of spawning occurred less regularly. Because of differences in water elevation, vegetated habitats were flooded in time for crappie spawning about every other year in backwaters but only every third year in arms. Recruitment of age-0 crappies was inversely correlated with high water levels during the months preceding the spawning period, perhaps because early flooding degraded the vegetation. Our results suggest that water levels may be managed during late winter and spring to regularly flood wetland vegetation communities in backwaters; however, water levels should be maintained at or below normal pool and should only irregularly flood upland vegetation in reservoir arms to promote the preservation of such vegetation. Furthermore, management efforts to enhance crappie recruitment should consider the enhancement and preservation of backwaters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.675948","usgsCitation":"Dagel, J.D., and Miranda, L.E., 2012, Backwaters in the upper reaches of reservoirs produce high densities of age-0 crappies: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 4, p. 626-634, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.675948.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031163","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.675948","text":"Publisher Index 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