{"pageNumber":"1635","pageRowStart":"40850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41062,"records":[{"id":39167,"text":"pp271 - 1955 - The natural channel of Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T14:29:21","indexId":"pp271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"271","title":"The natural channel of Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"

This study of the channel of Brandy wine Creek, Pennsylvania, consists of three parts. The first is an analysis of the changes which take place in the width, depth, velocity, slope of the water surface, suspended load, and roughness factor with changing discharge below the bankfull stage at each of several widely separated cross sections of the channel. Expressed as functions of the discharge, it is found that the variables behave systematically. In every section studied, as the discharge increases, the velocity increases to about the 0.6 power, depth to the 0.4, and load to the 2.0 power of the discharge. The roughness decreases to the 0.2 power of the discharge. The relative magnitudes and the direction of these variations are similar to those which have been observed in other rivers in the United States, primarily in the West. Some modifications of the hypotheses applicable to the western rivers are probably required because on Brandywine Creek the difference between the materials on the bed and in the banks is considerably greater than it is on most of the western rivers studied. In the second part of the paper the progressive changes of the same variables in the downstream direction with increasing discharge at a given frequency are described. Despite the disorderly appearance of the stream, it is found that the variables display a progressive, orderly change in the downstream direction when traced from the headwater tributaries through the trunk stream of Brandywine Creek. At a given frequency of flow, width increases with discharge to about the 0.5 power. Depth increases downstream somewhat less rapidly, while the slope and roughness both decrease in the downstream direction. Despite a decrease in the size of the material on the bed, both the mean velocity and the mean bed velocity increase downstream. The rates of change of these variables are in close accord with the changes observed on rivers flowing in alluvium and in stable irrigation canals. These relationships hold for all flows up to the bankfull stage. Analysis of the streamflow records indicates that the annual maximum discharge equals or exceeds the bankfull stage roughly once every 2 years. The regularity in the behavior of the variables with changing discharges both at-a-station and in the downstream direction and the similar rates of change of the variables on Brandywine Creek and in stable irrigation canals suggest the existence of a quasi-equilibrium in the channel of the creek. Part three of this study is concerned with this concept of equilibrium in streams. By analogy with canals and with several rivers in diverse regions of the United States it may be concluded that this quasi-equilibrium is closely related to the discharge, and to the concentration of the suspended load. The shape and longitudinal profile of the channel are determined by these two independent factors which operate within the limits set by the local geology. The latter determines the initial size, shape, and resistance of the material provided to the channel. The existence of a quasi-equilibrium among the variables studied suggests that most reaches on Brandywine Creek are at grade. This is true if the term \"grade,\" when applied to natural rivers, is synonymous with quasi-equilibrium. The adjustability of the variables in the channel rather than the stability of any particular shape or longitudinal profile of the channel is emphasized when t

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp271","usgsCitation":"Wolman, M., 1955, The natural channel of Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 271, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp271.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0271/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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M. G.","contributorId":39789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolman","given":"M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2784,"text":"wsp1295 - 1955 - Chemical quality of surface waters in Devils Lake basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T13:46:22","indexId":"wsp1295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1295","title":"Chemical quality of surface waters in Devils Lake basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Devils Lake basin, a closed basin in northeastern North Dakota, covers about 3,900 square miles of land, the topography of which is morainal and of glacial origin. In this basin lies a chain of waterways, which begins with the Sweetwater group and extends successively through Mauvais Coulee, Devils Lake, East Bay Devils Lake, and East Devils Lake, to Stump Lake. In former years when lake levels were high, Mauvais Coulee drained the Sweetwater group and discharged considerable water into Devils Lake. Converging coulees also transported excess water to Stump Lake. For at least 70 years prior to 1941, Mauvais Coulee flowed only intermittently, and the levels of major lakes in this region gradually declined. Devils Lake, for example, covered an area of about 90,000 acres in 1867 but had shrunk to approximately 6,500 acres by 1941. Plans to restore the recreational appeal of Devils Lake propose the dilution and eventual displacement of the brackish lake water by fresh water that would be diverted from the Missouri River. Freshening of the lake water would permit restocking Devils Lake with fish. \r\n\r\nDevils and Stump Lake have irregular outlines and numerous windings and have been described as lying in the valley of a preglacial river, the main stem and tributaries of which are partly filled with drift. Prominent morainal hills along the south shore of Devils Lake contrast sharply with level farmland to the north. The mean annual temperature of Devils Lake basin ranges between 36 ? and 42 ? F. Summer temperatures above 100 ? F and winter temperatures below -30 ? Fare not uncommon. The annual precipitation for 77 years at the city of Devils Lake averaged 17.5 inches. Usually, from 75 to 80 percent of the precipitation in the basin falls during the growing season, April to September. \r\n\r\nFrom 1867 to 1941 the net fall of the water surface of Devils Lake was about 38 feet. By 1951 the surface had risen fully 14 feet from its lowest altitude, 1,400.9 feet. Since 1951, the level has fallen slowly. Hydrologic changes that may have caused Devils Lake to alter from a very large, moderately deep lake of fresh water to a small, shallow body of brackish water are discussed and evaluated on the basis of scanty information. During several years of average precipitation, temperature, and evaporation, Devils Lake and lakes upstream should receive nearly a quarter of an inch of runoff annually from the drainage area of about 3,000 square miles. Approximately 55 square miles of tributary area would be required to maintain each square mile of lake surface. However, runoff, expressed as percentage of the average, differs greatly from year to year. The amount of runoff retained in upstream lakes also Varies greatly. For these two reasons, annual inflow to Devils Lake is extremely variable. \r\n\r\nBecause many waterways in this basin have no surface outlets at normal stages, runoff collects in depressions, is concentrated by evaporation, and forms saline or alkaline lakes. The chemical and physical properties of the lake waters vary chiefly with changes in lake stage and volume of inflow. Scattered records from 1899 to 1923 and more comprehensive data from 1948 to 1952 show a range of salt concentration from 6,130 to 25,000 parts per million (ppm) in the water of Devils Lake. Although concentration has varied, the chemical composition of the dissolved solids has not changed appreciably. Lake waters are more concentrated in the lower part of the basin, downstream from Devils Lake. For periods of record the salt concentration ranged from 14,932 to 62,000 ppm in East Devils Lake and from 19,000 to 106,000 ppm in east Stump Lake. \r\n\r\nCurrent and past tonnages of dissolved solids in Devils Lake, East Bay Devils Lake, East Devils Lake, and east and west Stump Lakes were computed from concentrations and from altitude-capacity curves for each lake. Neither the average rate of diversion of water to restore Devils Lake to a higher level nor the quality of the divert","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1295","usgsCitation":"Swenson, H., and Colby, B.R., 1955, Chemical quality of surface waters in Devils Lake basin, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1295, Report: v, 81 p.; Plate: 17.5 x 17.1 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1295.","productDescription":"Report: v, 81 p.; Plate: 17.5 x 17.1 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1295/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1295/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29258,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1295/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e332f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swenson, Herbert","contributorId":54181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Herbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colby, Bruce R.","contributorId":59775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colby","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15578,"text":"ofr55144 - 1955 - Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15578,"text":"ofr55144 - 1955 - Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping","indexId":"ofr55144","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35561,"text":"b1043A - 1956 - Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping","indexId":"b1043A","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35561,"text":"b1043A - 1956 - Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping","indexId":"b1043A","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-14T19:07:41.954512","indexId":"ofr55144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-144","title":"Photogeologic procedures in geologic interpretation and mapping","docAbstract":"

In the past few years increasing use has been made of aerial photographs for geologic interpretation and mapping within the U.S. Geological Survey. As a specialized technique in interpretation and mapping, however, photogeologic procedures were extensively used (1947-1953) in the Survey's geologic mapping of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 in northern Alaska and in mapping part of the Colorado Plateau of western United States, principally in Utah (1951-present). Photogeologic work was performed by a specialized group of geologists that was organized as the Photogeology Section in June 1953. This group has more recently made studies of northeastern Utah, southern and southeastern Alaska, and central Alaska. Various photogeologic procedures have been used in these studies; some procedures have been modified, and new ones have been developed. It is primarily the purpose of this paper to discuss these procedures. Photogeologic procedures or techniques used outside the Geological Survey are not discussed herein.

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water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T09:11:18","indexId":"wsp1298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1298","title":"Reconnaissance of geology and ground water in the lower Grand River valley, South Dakota, with a section on Chemical quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"

The area described in this report is the flood plain of the Grand River and the bordering benchlands in Perkins and Corson Counties, S. Dak., from a point about 6 miles west of the town of Shadehill to the confluence of the Grand and Missouri Rivers near Mobridge.

\n

The exposed bedrock formations include the Pierre shale, the Fox Hills sandstone, and the Hell Creek formation of Late Cretaceous age, and-the Ludlow member of the Fort Union formation of Tertiary (Paleocene) age. Some stringers of the Cannonball formation probably interfinger with beds of the Ludlow member but none of the former was identified during the field investigations. The Pierre shale is exposed from the mouth of the Grand River to approximately the center of the area. Although a few wells in the area obtain water from this formation, it is not generally considered to be a source of supply. The Fox Hills sandstone, the Hell Creek formation, and the Ludlow member of the Fort Union formation are exposed successively upstream and, where saturated, yield small to moderate quantities of water to wells.

\n

Unconsolidated deposits of silt, sand, and gravel occur in several physiographic positions; they underlie the high benchland on both sides of the river, the poorly defined terraces along the river, and the flood plain throughout its entire length. Possibly all these unconsolidated deposits are water bearing; however, where the deposits on the benchland and in the terraces are dissected by streams, they probably contain little or no water.

\n

The average depth to ground water along the lower Grand River valley is about 17 feet. Probably, the flow of ground water in the bottom lands is nearly parallel to and slightly toward the surface stream. The measurements of the water level in observation wells for the period 1946-48 indicate that the fluctuations of the water table are small.

\n

The results of analyses of 13 samples of ground water from the alluvium and the Hell Creek formation show that the suitability of the ground water for use varies because of the considerable range in mineralization and composition. Dissolved solids ranged from 343 to 4,250 parts per million (ppm), hardness from 11 to 1,130 ppm, and percentage of sodium from 25 to 98. Concentrations of some of the individual constituents exceed standards of the United States Public Health Service. The water is moderately hard and contains undesirable amounts of iron and moderate to large amounts of dissolved solids. In general, the water quality ranges from excellent to unsuitable for irrigation use. The result of the mixing of the ground water with recharge water from Shadehill Reservoir cannot be predicted on the basis of available data.

\n

The geologic and hydrologic data in this report were obtained from earlier reports and from field observations during the period 1946-48. The report includes a geologic map and tabulated well records.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Print Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/wsp1298","usgsCitation":"Tychsen, P.C., Vorhis, R., and Jochens, E.R., 1955, Reconnaissance of geology and ground water in the lower Grand River valley, South Dakota, with a section on Chemical quality of the ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1298, Report: iv, 33 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 18.15 inches and 27.50 x 9.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1298.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; 2 Plates: 30.00 x 18.15 inches and 27.50 x 9.69 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1298/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29415,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1298/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29416,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1298/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29417,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1298/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Grand River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.23876953125,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -102.23876953125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -100.30517578125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -100.30517578125,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -102.23876953125,\n 45.336701909968106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63c389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tychsen, Paul C.","contributorId":82683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tychsen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vorhis, R.C.","contributorId":32512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorhis","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":145894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jochens, Eugene R.","contributorId":55804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jochens","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":71546,"text":"tei520 - 1955 - The Model '54 transmission and reflection fluorimeter for the determination of uranium, with adaptation to field use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:44","indexId":"tei520","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":337,"text":"Trace Elements Investigations","code":"TEI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"520","title":"The Model '54 transmission and reflection fluorimeter for the determination of uranium, with adaptation to field use","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tei520","usgsCitation":"Parshall, E.E., and Rader, L., 1955, The Model '54 transmission and reflection fluorimeter for the determination of uranium, with adaptation to field use: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Investigations 520, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tei520.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/520/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tei/520/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parshall, Ernest E.","contributorId":104075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parshall","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rader, Lewis F.","contributorId":77238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"Lewis F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":284360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":72346,"text":"tem918 - 1955 - Some thorium prospects, Lemhi Pass area, Beaverhead County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"tem918","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"918","title":"Some thorium prospects, Lemhi Pass area, Beaverhead County, Montana","docAbstract":"The Last Chance group> Brown Bear and Shady Tree claims in Beaverhead County, Mont., were explored for thorium under a Defense Minerals Exploration Administration Contract in 1951 and 1952.\r\n\r\nThe project was undertaken to explore northwest-trending moderately to steep dipping, thorite-bearing quartz-barite-hematite veins. The veins are wall-rock replacements and fissure fillings in faults and shears that cut rocks of the Precambrian Belt series. Recurrent movement along the faults has intense fractured the veins. Quartz iron-oxide minerals, and thorite have been deposited in these fractures. The iron oxides and thorite are intimately associated and were among the last minerals deposited. Because no rare earth or uranium minerals have been found in the veins, it is thought that the small amounts of these elements reported in the analyses must substitute for thorium in the thorite. \r\n\r\n\r\nUnder the D. M. E. A. contract the Last Chance vein was traced on surface for a distance of about 1,300 feet; the thickness ranges from about 35 feet to a few inches. Two diamond drill holes cut the vein 240 and 290 feet below the outcrop.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tem918","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, F., 1955, Some thorium prospects, Lemhi Pass area, Beaverhead County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 918, 31 p.; 3 figs. (one in envelope), 3 tables; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem918.","productDescription":"31 p.; 3 figs. (one in envelope), 3 tables; 27 cm.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0918/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0918/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e783b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Frank C.","contributorId":86739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Frank C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51817,"text":"ofr5535 - 1955 - Statement on ground water in Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T13:43:34","indexId":"ofr5535","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-35","title":"Statement on ground water in Connecticut","docAbstract":"Connecticut has a supply of ground water, most of it of good quality, which is largely undeveloped, and much of which would lend itself to industrial and other uses. Ground water is available in small quantities in nearly all parts of the State, and in moderate to large quantities in many areas, chiefly along the major stream. However, specific and detailed information on the ground water is available in report form for relatively few specific localities and areas. Definitive investigations of the occurrence, general availability, quality, and quality of ground water in Connecticut are being made under cooperative agreements between the State Water Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey; and some progress has been made. Generalized information of a reconnaissance nature is shown on plate 1, which gives areas of estimated moderate to large yields, delineated on the basis of currently available data, and shows the locations of wells for which records are given in tables 1 and 2. Some specific information on particular areas is available in the open files of the agencies cooperating in the investigations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5535","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Connecticut State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Cushman, R., 1955, Statement on ground water in Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-35, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5535.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289664,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0035/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.8321,40.9851 ], [ -73.8321,42.2013 ], [ -71.4,42.2013 ], [ -71.4,40.9851 ], [ -73.8321,40.9851 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, R.V.","contributorId":28220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51818,"text":"ofr5536 - 1955 - Ground water investigations in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T14:30:11","indexId":"ofr5536","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-36","title":"Ground water investigations in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"

Prior to 1937, ground-water work in Oklahoma consisted of broad scale early-day reconnaissance and a few brief investigations of local areas. The reconnaissance is distinguished by C. N. Gould's \"Geology and Water Resources of Oklahoma\" (Water-Supply Paper 148, 1905), which covers about half of the present State of Oklahoma. Among the shorter reports are two by Schwennesen for areas near Enid and Oklahoma City, one by Renick for Enid, and one by Thompson on irrigation possibilities near Gage. These reports are now inadequate by modern standards.

Cooperative ground-water work in Oklahoma by the United States Geological Survey began in 1937, with the Oklahoma Geological Survey as cooperating agency. With the passage of the new ground-water law by the State Legislature in 1949, the need for more information on available ground waters and the safe yield of the various aquifers became very pressing. Accordingly, the Division of Water Resources of the Oklahoma Planning and Resources Board, to which was delegated the responsibility of administering the Ground-Water Law, entered into a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey, providing for an expansion of ground-water investigations. Both cooperators have consistently given full and enthusiastic cooperation, often beyond the requirements of the cooperative program.

The first cooperative investigation was an evaluation of ground-water supplies available for irrigation in the Panhandle. In 1937 the Panhandle was still very much in the dust bowl, and it was hoped that irrigation would alleviate the drought. A bulletin on Texas County was published in 1939, and one on Cimarron County in 1943. Ground-water investigations during the World War II were restricted to the demands of Army and Navy installations, and to defense industries. Ground-water investigations since 1945 have included both country-wide and aquifer-type investigations. In Oklahoma it has been the policy for the State cooperator to publish the results of the ground-water investigation.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5536","usgsCitation":"Davis, L., 1955, Ground water investigations in Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-36, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5536.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289666,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0036/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6680cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Leon V.","contributorId":33773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Leon V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1162,"text":"wsp1357 - 1955 - Computations of total sediment discharge, Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1357","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1357","title":"Computations of total sediment discharge, Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska","docAbstract":"A natural chute in the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebr., constricts the flow of the river except at high stages to a narrow channel in which the turbulence is sufficient to suspend nearly the total sediment discharge. Because much of the flow originates in the sandhills area of Nebraska, the water discharge and sediment discharge are relatively uniform. \r\n\r\nSediment discharges based on depth-integrated samples at a contracted section in the chute and on streamflow records at a recording gage about 1,900 feet upstream are available for the period from April 1948 to September 1953 but are not given directly as continuous records in this report. Sediment measurements have been made periodically near the gage and at other nearby relatively unconfined sections of the stream for comparison with measurements at the contracted section. \r\n\r\nSediment discharge at these relatively unconfined sections was computed from formulas for comparison with measured sediment discharges at the contracted section. A form of the Du Boys formula gave computed tonnages of sediment that were unsatisfactory. Sediment discharges as computed from the Schoklitsch formula agreed well with measured sediment discharges that were low, but they were much too low at measured sediment discharges that were higher. The Straub formula gave computed discharges, presumably of bed material, that were several times larger than measured discharges of sediment coarser than 0.125 millimeter. All three of these formulas gave computed sediment discharges that increased with water discharges much less rapidly than the measured discharges of sediment coarser than 0.125 millimeter. \r\n\r\nThe Einstein procedure when applied to a reach that included 10 defined cross sections gave much better agreement between computed sediment discharge and measured sediment discharge than did anyone of the three other formulas that were used. This procedure does not compute the discharge of sediment that is too small to be found in the stream bed in appreciable quantities. Hence, total sediment discharges were obtained by adding computed discharges of sediment larger than 0.125 millimeter to measured discharges of sediment smaller than 0.125 millimeter. The size distributions of the computed sediment discharge compared poorly with the size distributions of sediment discharge at the contracted section. Ten sediment discharges computed from the Einstein procedure as applied to a single section averaged several times the measured sediment discharge for the contracted section and gave size distributions that were unsatisfactory.\r\n\r\nThe Einstein procedure was modified to compute total sediment discharge at an alluvial section from readily measurable field data. The modified procedure uses measurements of bed-material particle sizes, suspended-sediment concentrations and particle sizes from depth-integrated samples, streamflow, and water temperatures. Computations of total sediment discharge were made by using this modified procedure, some for the section at the gaging station and some for each of two other relatively unconfined sections. The size distributions of the computed and the measured sediment discharges agreed reasonably well. Major advantages of this modified procedure include applicability to a single section rather than to a reach of channel, use of measured velocity instead of water-surface slope, use of depth-integrated samples, and apparently fair accuracy for computing both total sediment discharge and approximate size distribution of the sediment. Because of these advantages this modified procedure is being further studied to increase its accuracy, to simplify the required computations, and to define its limitations. \r\n\r\nIn the development of the modified procedure, some relationships concerning theories of sediment transport were reviewed and checked against field data. Vertical distributions of suspended sediment at relatively unconfined sections did not agree well with theoretical dist","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ; for sale by U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1357","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Colby, B.R., and Hembree, C., 1955, Computations of total sediment discharge, Niobrara River near Cody, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1357, vii, 187 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1357.","productDescription":"vii, 187 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25989,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25990,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25991,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25992,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25993,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25994,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25995,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1357/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colby, Bruce R.","contributorId":59775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colby","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hembree, C. H.","contributorId":106866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hembree","given":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15336,"text":"ofr55130 - 1955 - Diagrams for construction of Model '54 transmission and reflection fluorimeter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T12:47:24","indexId":"ofr55130","displayToPublicDate":"1955-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"55-130","title":"Diagrams for construction of Model '54 transmission and reflection fluorimeter","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr55130","usgsCitation":"Parshall, E.E., and Rader, L.F., 1955, Diagrams for construction of Model '54 transmission and reflection fluorimeter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 55-130, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr55130.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr55130.jpg"},{"id":310472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1955/0130/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65db4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parshall, Ernest E.","contributorId":104075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parshall","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rader, Lewis F. Jr.","contributorId":67104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"Lewis","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70216183,"text":"70216183 - 1955 - Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T12:18:16.577043","indexId":"70216183","displayToPublicDate":"1955-11-09T11:56:26","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming","docAbstract":"

Patches of Buffalo till record the earliest glaciation in the southwestern Wind River Mountains. In places, these rest in youthful valleys cut in high gravel terrace. Two other younger and lower terraces are both topographically and stratigraphically associated with Buffalo till, which may indicate that the Buffalo advance was compound. The pattern of well-preserved moraines shows that during both Bull Lake and Pine-dale time the west-central portion of the range was covered by a mountain icecap from which piedmont glaciers flowed to the floor of the Bridger Basin. In the southern part of the range the glaciers were confined to valleys. Bull Lake stage is clearly double; two large, weathered, and modified moraines are present in several valleys. Each is associated with an extensive outwash plain and valley train.

The Pinedale stage is recorded by massive, fresh, slightly modified moraines behind which are many recessional moraines. Extensive outwash aprons lead outward from the massive Pinedale moraines, and a small lower terrace can be traced through the main Pinedale moraine to the recessional loops. In several upper valleys well-formed slightly weathered small moraines of the Temple Lake stage occur within 2 miles of cirque head-walls. A terrace below the younger Pinedale outwash is correlated with the Temple Lake stage. In sheltered cirques, small very fresh moraines, probably from the Little Ice Age, occur upstream from the Temple Lake moraines and a few yards from existing small glaciers. The sequence of glacial deposits in this region is typical of many ranges in the Rocky Mountain region.

Outwash terraces of the Bull Lake, Pinedale, and Temple stages have been traced down the Big Sandy valley nearly to the Green River and down the Sweetwater valley to the North Platte. Thus the Green-Colorado and Platte-Missouri drainages are linked across the Continental Divide by means of traceable outwash deposits. Eolian action was pronounced in the Eden valley during Bull Lake, Pinedale, and post-Pinedale time, and in the East Fork valley during Pinedale time. Frost action features record two phases of intensity in areas formerly covered by Pinedale glaciers: an earlier phase synchronous with the Temple Lake advance, a later during the Little Ice Age. Pollen profiles in the Eden valley show a climatic change during post-Pinedale time, notably a grass maximum which was probably contemporaneous with the Temple Lake advance and the occupation of the Finley site by Early Man.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[629:PGOTSW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holmes, G., and Moss, J., 1955, Pleistocene geology of the southwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 6, p. 629-654, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[629:PGOTSW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"654","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Wind River Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 44.38669150215206\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, G.W.","contributorId":69215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, J.H.","contributorId":38772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206097,"text":"70206097 - 1955 - Salt-water encroachment as induced by sea-level excavation on Angaur Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T12:58:05","indexId":"70206097","displayToPublicDate":"1955-10-22T08:48:16","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt-water encroachment as induced by sea-level excavation on Angaur Island","docAbstract":"

Angaur, southwesternmost of the Palau Islands, 800 miles southwest of Guam, has an area of 3.2 square miles and consists of reef limestone of Pliocene through Recent age. In the northwestern part of the island a basin is formed by a ringlike ridge that has a maximum altitude of 150 feet. To the east and south a series of arc-shaped lower ridges and intervening depressions are concentric with the ring ridge. Beyond these, a low plain with shallow swales composes the remaining two-thirds of the island. The ridges are composed of indurated limestone, whereas the plain is underlain chiefly by unconsolidated coralline fragments. Phosphate has been mined from the three types of topographic depressions since 1908. When power equipment was introduced, excavations were extended below sea level. Lakes formed in these excavations and, despite an annual rainfall of 110 inches, contamination of fresh-water supplies and of agricultural land by salt water resulted from tidal pulsations through the fissured rock. As a result, stoppage of mining was imminent unless remedial measures could be devised. Angaur provides a model of the operations of a Ghyben-Herzberg fresh-water lens on an oceanic island. At numerous lakes, wells, and test holes, continuing observations were made on water levels; amplitude and lag of tidal fluctuations; and mineral content, pH, and temperature of the lens. These observations guided the selection of constantly adjusted remedial measures, which included partitioning of lakes, and bottom filling or back filling of compartments that failed to freshen because of fissures connecting them with the sea. © 1955 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.

","language":"English ","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.50.7.669","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C., Mason, A., and Davis, D., 1955, Salt-water encroachment as induced by sea-level excavation on Angaur Island: Economic Geology, v. 50, no. 7, p. 669-680, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.50.7.669.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"669","endPage":"680","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Palau ","state":"Angaur ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 134.11903381347656,\n 6.927108480815689\n ],\n [\n 134.12521362304688,\n 6.903591547547428\n ],\n [\n 134.1159439086914,\n 6.8920030633877145\n ],\n [\n 134.1214370727539,\n 6.884504481462231\n ],\n [\n 134.1327667236328,\n 6.884504481462231\n ],\n [\n 134.14443969726562,\n 6.892684746773648\n ],\n [\n 134.15782928466797,\n 6.904614047238085\n ],\n [\n 134.15645599365234,\n 6.917565518618452\n ],\n [\n 134.14581298828125,\n 6.9284717453722\n ],\n [\n 134.11903381347656,\n 6.927108480815689\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1955-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, C.K.","contributorId":60185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, A.C.","contributorId":219911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, D.A.","contributorId":88013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010669,"text":"70010669 - 1955 - Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-02T16:58:25.917676","indexId":"70010669","displayToPublicDate":"1955-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.122.3166.415.b","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Suess, H.E., 1955, Radiocarbon concentration in modern wood: Science, v. 122, no. 3166, p. 415-417, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.122.3166.415.b.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"417","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3166","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93d4e4b0c8380cd8105c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suess, H. E.","contributorId":69292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suess","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210845,"text":"70210845 - 1955 - Sequence of alluviation along the Loup rivers, Valley County area, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-29T15:54:33.264242","indexId":"70210845","displayToPublicDate":"1955-06-29T10:49:55","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence of alluviation along the Loup rivers, Valley County area, Nebraska","docAbstract":"

Alluviation along the North and Middle Loup rivers in Valley County, Nebraska, produced a series of alluvial silt beds on which are developed five interstadial soils of Brady (?), Cary and Mankato (?), Mankato (?), early Recent and late Recent age. No deposits of Illinoian age were found and in at least one place the Brady (?) soil is superposed on a gleyed horizon developed on the Sappa formation, which overlies the Grand Island formation. Post-Yarmouth erosion removed the Sappa formation and part of the Grand Island formation at most places. The characteristic Sangamon soil was not developed on uneroded remnants of the soil of Yarmouth age because of a wet, poorly drained environment. A large collection of molluscs obtained from this gley soil supports stratigraphic evidence indicating a Yarmouth age.

Alluviation during the glacial substages of Wisconsin time and soil formation during the interglacial substages were uninterrupted by erosion until after development of the soil of Mankato age. The Wisconsin deposits were dissected to below the Brady soil in places, and the resulting gullies were filled with later alluvium. The late Recent fill terrace lies 15 feet below the top of the late Wisconsin terrace. Subsequent cutting and filling in late Recent time produced another terrace 11 feet below the older terrace. The modern gully was cut during the last century.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1431:SOAATL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.D., and Scott, G., 1955, Sequence of alluviation along the Loup rivers, Valley County area, Nebraska: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 11, p. 1431-1448, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1431:SOAATL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1431","endPage":"1448","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Valley County","otherGeospatial":"Loup River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.7527,41.7398],[-98.75,41.4792],[-98.7496,41.3939],[-98.8574,41.3926],[-98.9811,41.3932],[-99.0882,41.3931],[-99.2015,41.3943],[-99.21,41.3944],[-99.2109,41.4802],[-99.2148,41.7398],[-99.1046,41.7396],[-98.9889,41.7405],[-98.7595,41.7399],[-98.7527,41.7398]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Valley\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","volume":"66","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert D.","contributorId":85168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Glenn R.","contributorId":33324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Glenn R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":791700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220436,"text":"70220436 - 1955 - Violent mud-volcano eruption of lake city hot springs, northeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-13T13:29:17.886999","indexId":"70220436","displayToPublicDate":"1955-05-13T08:25:10","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Violent mud-volcano eruption of lake city hot springs, northeastern California","docAbstract":"

During the night of March 1 and 2, 1951, an inconspicuous group of hot springs and small mud volcanoes in northeastern California burst into spectacular eruption, unequalled by other known mud volcanoes. The eruption cloud of steam, gases, and mud particles rose several thousand feet in the air and distributed fine debris to the southeast for a distance of at least 4 miles. More than 20 acres of the hot-spring area was intensely disturbed and greatly modified by the eruption, estimated to involve at least 6 million cubic feet or 300,000 tons of mud. Several days after the eruption, the area was barely active. The eruption appears to be unique in the history of the springs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1109:VMEOLC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1955, Violent mud-volcano eruption of lake city hot springs, northeastern California: GSA Bulletin, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1109-1130, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1109:VMEOLC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1109","endPage":"1130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-120.0003,41.9953],[-119.9998,41.9502],[-119.9996,41.9302],[-119.9998,41.9076],[-119.9998,41.9011],[-119.9996,41.8049],[-119.9986,41.7131],[-119.9984,41.6905],[-119.9984,41.6564],[-119.9986,41.3683],[-119.9986,41.2811],[-119.9994,41.2389],[-119.9994,41.1982],[-119.9995,41.1845],[-120.0498,41.1847],[-120.0986,41.1845],[-120.1169,41.1844],[-120.3794,41.1865],[-120.4069,41.1863],[-120.4551,41.1864],[-120.4576,41.1864],[-120.4704,41.1858],[-120.5155,41.1859],[-120.5339,41.1862],[-120.5528,41.1861],[-120.5723,41.1859],[-120.7225,41.1859],[-120.8965,41.1864],[-120.9557,41.1862],[-121.1638,41.185],[-121.1986,41.1846],[-121.2261,41.1847],[-121.2304,41.1851],[-121.3323,41.1841],[-121.3457,41.1844],[-121.3695,41.1845],[-121.4074,41.1844],[-121.4459,41.1847],[-121.4457,41.2246],[-121.4462,41.2401],[-121.4464,41.2723],[-121.4473,41.2827],[-121.4469,41.3562],[-121.446,41.4107],[-121.4481,41.4661],[-121.4495,41.5605],[-121.4495,41.6041],[-121.4492,41.6386],[-121.4494,41.6908],[-121.4485,41.7008],[-121.4493,41.7757],[-121.458,41.7756],[-121.4571,41.7879],[-121.4572,41.8124],[-121.4572,41.8355],[-121.4575,41.8483],[-121.4574,41.8637],[-121.4577,41.8982],[-121.4579,41.9282],[-121.4579,41.9504],[-121.4468,41.9506],[-121.4469,41.9981],[-121.34,41.9981],[-121.3322,41.9981],[-121.3295,41.9981],[-121.3125,41.998],[-121.3098,41.998],[-121.2921,41.9979],[-121.2418,41.9976],[-121.2246,41.9975],[-121.2149,41.9975],[-121.1074,41.9975],[-121.106,41.9975],[-121.0015,41.9933],[-120.9821,41.9934],[-120.9518,41.9936],[-120.8827,41.9939],[-120.5906,41.9944],[-120.5316,41.9944],[-120.489,41.9944],[-120.4301,41.9944],[-120.2951,41.9947],[-120.2788,41.9947],[-120.2719,41.9948],[-120.1908,41.9952],[-120.095,41.9952],[-120.0855,41.9952],[-120.0753,41.9952],[-120.0345,41.9955],[-120.0262,41.9955],[-120.0003,41.9953]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Modoc\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","volume":"66","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048589,"text":"tem629 - 1955 - A study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels and its possible application as a prospecting method","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048589,"text":"tem629 - 1955 - A study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels and its possible application as a prospecting method","indexId":"tem629","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"A study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels and its possible application as a prospecting method"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34013,"text":"b1030E - 1956 - Study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels as a method of prospecting","indexId":"b1030E","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels as a method of prospecting"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34013,"text":"b1030E - 1956 - Study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels as a method of prospecting","indexId":"b1030E","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels as a method of prospecting"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T13:55:45","indexId":"tem629","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T15:40:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"629","title":"A study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels and its possible application as a prospecting method","docAbstract":"Traverses along some streams of the Colorado Plateau in areas known to contain minable uranium deposits show that anomalous radiation in the stream gravels can be detected with a suitable counter downstream from the deposits. The amount of radiation is influenced by the size of the uranium deposit, the size of the drainage area of the stream, the grain size of the sediments, and the lithology of the rocks over which the stream flows. The spacing of the stations where readings are taken is controlled by the size of the stream, and special readings are also taken directly downstream from important tributaries. An anomaly is empirically defined as a 10 percent rise over background. Radioactive material from large uranium deposits has been detected as much as 1 mile downstream. Radioactive material from smaller deposits is detachable over shorter distances. The method is slow but appears to be a useful prospecting tool under restricted conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem629","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Chew, R.T., 1955, A study of radioactivity in modern stream gravels and its possible application as a prospecting method: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 629, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tem629.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"39","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0629/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":283287,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0629/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","county":"Emery County;Grand County;San Juan County","city":"Grand Junction","otherGeospatial":"Corral Canyon;Seven Mile Area;Colorado River;Colorado Plateau;Temple Mountain Area;San Rafael District;White Canyon Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.053,32.8101 ], [ -114.053,40.9895 ], [ -105.844,40.9895 ], [ -105.844,32.8101 ], [ -114.053,32.8101 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526a4160e4b0c0d229f9f5ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chew, Randall T. III","contributorId":14290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"Randall","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185470,"text":"70185470 - 1955 - Flood control problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:56:46","indexId":"70185470","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5327,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flood control problems","docAbstract":"

Throughout the world, alluvial soils are among the most fertile and easiest cultivated. Alluvial valleys are routes for transportation either by water or by road and railroad. Rivers are sources of water, a necessity of life. But these river valleys and alluvial deposits, which have so many desirable characteristics and which have increased so greatly in population, are periodically occupied by the river in performing its task of removing the excess of precipitation from the land area and carrying away the products of erosion.

How a river behaves and how the river flood plain appears depend on the relationships between water and sediment combined with the existing topography. Thus rivers and their alluvial deposits provide an endless variety of forms which are shaped, to a large extent, by the river flow during periods of rapid removal of debris and of excessive rainfall. The mechanics of river formation are such, however, that the highest discharges are not contained within a limited channel. How much water a channel will carry depends upon the frequency of occurrence of a flow. Low flows, which occur very frequently, are not important in channel formation. Neither are the infrequent discharges of very great magnitude which, although powerful, do not occur often enough to shape the channel. Channel characteristics, are dependent on those discharges of moderate size which combine power with frequency of occurrence to modify the channel from. In the highest discharges of a stream, water rises above the confines of its banks and flows over the flood plain.

It must be considered, therefore, that floods are natural phenomena which are characteristic of all rivers. They perform a vital function in the maintenance of river forms and out of bank flow may be expected with a reasonable degree of regularity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Conservation Society of India","issn":"0022-457X","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1955, Flood control problems: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation in India, v. 3, p. 169-173.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047850,"text":"70047850 - 1955 - Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51096,"text":"ofr5215 - 1952 - Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","indexId":"ofr5215","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047850,"text":"70047850 - 1955 - Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","indexId":"70047850","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T15:55:30.529371","indexId":"70047850","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3628,"text":"Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume","docAbstract":"

The results of significant model tests in a glass-walled flume and prototype tests of a turbulence flume are presented. The velocity of flow and the transportation of the total sediment load in suspension were observed under varying conditions of flow. Also noted was the resistance to flow caused by vertical baffles, which were fastened to the floor of the flume. The prototype tests consisted of observations at the measuring sill of velocity and sediment concentration for all flows. For normal flows observations were made upstream and downstream from the flume. Samples of total sediment load and bed material were analyzed for particle size. Minor studies of dune movement in model and prototype were also included.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/TACEAT.0007126","usgsCitation":"Benedict, P., Albertson, M.L., and Matejka, D.Q., 1955, Total sediment load measured in turbulence flume: Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 120, no. 1, p. 457-484, https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0007126.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"484","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd794fe4b0b2908510cbbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Paul C.","contributorId":72293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertson, Maurice L.","contributorId":82209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertson","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matejka, Donald Q.","contributorId":99878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matejka","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000072,"text":"1000072 - 1955 - The sea lamprey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:05","indexId":"1000072","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3355,"text":"Scientific American","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sea lamprey","docAbstract":"Replicate samples of dehydrated :alfalfa-leaf meal were assayed for carotene content by four different analytical procedures. The results obtained by the modified A.O.A.C.method were significantly higher than those obtained by the other procedures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific American","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Applegate, V.C., and Moffett, J.W., 1955, The sea lamprey: Scientific American, v. 192, no. 4, p. 36-41.","productDescription":"p. 36-41","startPage":"36","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Applegate, Vernon C.","contributorId":39317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, James W.","contributorId":94245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011003,"text":"70011003 - 1955 - Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:43:17.26938","indexId":"70011003","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks","docAbstract":"

A rapid, simple, and moderately accurate method was needed for the determination of traces of niobium in rocks. The method developed is based on the reaction of niobium(V) with thiocyanate ion in a 4M hydrochloric acid and 0.5M tartaric acid medium, after which the complex is extracted with ethyl ether. The proposed procedure is applicable to rocks containing from 50 to 2000 p.p.m. of niobium, and, with modifications, can be used on rocks containing larger amounts. Five determinations on two rocks containing 100 p.p.m. or less of niobium agree within 5 p.p.m. of the mean, and the confidence limits at the 95% level are, respectively, ±6 and ±4 p.p.m. The addition of acetone to the ether extract of the niobium thiocyanate inhibits the polymerization of the thiocyanate ion and stabilizes the solution for at least 20 hours. The proposed procedure permits the determination of 20 γ of niobium in the presence of 1000 γ of iron, titanium, or uranium; 500 γ of vanadium; or 100 γ of tungsten or molybdenum or both.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60104a034","usgsCitation":"Ward, F.N., and Marranzino, A., 1955, Field determination of microgram quantities of niobium in rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1325-1328, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60104a034.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1328","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fafe4b0c8380cd5399d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, F. N.","contributorId":96254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marranzino, A. P.","contributorId":61798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marranzino","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010779,"text":"70010779 - 1955 - Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T21:50:48.720472","indexId":"70010779","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method","docAbstract":"

Total sulfur has been determined in common sedimentary rocks by a combustion method. Sulfur contents range from 0.001 to 5.0%. Experiments show that the combustion method can be used in analyzing sedimentary rocks in which sulfur is present as sulfide, sulfate, or both. Pulverized samples from 0.100 to 0.500 gram in weight are used in this method. Each sample is placed in a No. 6 Leco combustion boat and covered with two fluxes: 0.50 gram of standard ingot iron and approximately 1.0 gram of 30-mesh granular tin. The boat with sample then is placed in the combustion tube of a Burrell Unit Package Model T29A tube furnace which is controlled at a temperature of 1310° to 1320° C. After the sample has been heated for 1 minute, oxygen is admitted at a rate of about 1 liter per minute. The sulfur dioxide formed is absorbed in a starch solution and is titrated with standard potassium iodate in a Leco sulfur determinator. Thirteen values obtained for National Bureau of Standards standard sample 1a, argillaceous limestone, range from 0.273 to 0.276% sulfur (certificate value 0.27% by calculation).

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60102a022","usgsCitation":"Coller, M.E., and Leininger, R.K., 1955, Determination of total sulfur content of sedimentary rocks by a combustion method: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 6, p. 949-951, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60102a022.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdfe4b0c8380cd4f43d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coller, M. E.","contributorId":28357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leininger, R. K.","contributorId":96408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leininger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010777,"text":"70010777 - 1955 - Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T15:01:33.415683","indexId":"70010777","displayToPublicDate":"1955-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks","docAbstract":"A rapid and simple method for the determination of total water in silicate rocks has been developed by modifying the Penfield procedure. In this method, the time required for a single determination has been reduced to less than 10 minutes. Comparison of the data obtained by this modification and the Penfield method indicates the same degree of accuracy.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60100a020","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, L., and Brannock, W.W., 1955, Rapid determination of water in silicate rocks: Analytical Chemistry, v. 27, no. 4, p. 560-562, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60100a020.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"560","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d2e4b0c8380cd8162e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Leonard","contributorId":61406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Leonard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannock, W. W.","contributorId":74504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047728,"text":"70047728 - 1955 - Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-17T10:21:58","indexId":"70047728","displayToPublicDate":"1949-01-19T16:06:00","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska","docAbstract":"

This report contains results of sediment-transport investigations on the Platte River near Overton,. Nebr. from January 1950 to September 1953. The basic data of suspended-sediment studies, results of bed-material analyses, and determinations of water-surface slopes from staff readings are given.

\n
\n

The data indicate that a reliable determination of suspended sediment, hence total load, is difficult. Because of the nature of the river at the station and the limited scope of the investigations, the suspended-sediment data may not be representative.

\n
\n

The Platte River is characterized by a wide braided channel, a small hydraulic radius, low banks, and a wide flood plain. (See figs. 1 and 2.,) The river bed is composed of coarse to fine sands.

\n
\n

Near Overton, natural flow of the river is controlled or modified by diversions, storage reservoirs, power development, return flow from irrigation, and withdrawals of ground water. A temporary jetty was extended into the river below the bridge during the summer of 1952 as part of commercial sand pumping operations. Beavers carry on active construction in the narrows and shallows, particularly upstream from the sampling section.

\n
\n

Daily fluctuations in water discharge at the gaging station at the bridge are caused by regulation of the flow, mainly from the generation of power by release of water from a reservoir The water discharge at the station begins increasing about 9:30 a.m., reaches a crest about 2:00 p.m and then immediately recede. Weekly water-discharge measurements of alternate high and low stages indicate a daily variation from 200 to more than 1,000 cfs. During spring summer, and fall increases in water dis charge are also caused by thunderstorm activity in the area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources","doi":"10.3133/70047728","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a program of the Department of the Interior for development of the Missouri River basin","usgsCitation":"Albert, C., and Guy, H., 1955, Sediment investigations of the Platte River near Overton, Nebraska, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047728.","productDescription":"37 p.","numberOfPages":"40","temporalStart":"1950-01-01","temporalEnd":"1953-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279946,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047728/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.7838,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.7742 ], [ -99.1901,40.6372 ], [ -99.7838,40.6372 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe5e4b06d85e08fb51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, C.D.","contributorId":23923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, H.P.","contributorId":73571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185545,"text":"70185545 - 1954 - Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-28T18:34:56.155825","indexId":"70185545","displayToPublicDate":"2017-03-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":130,"text":"Progress Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan","docAbstract":"

The area covered by this report comprises a square which measures three townships on a side and enclose 318 square miles in southeastern Oakland County. The investigation of the ground-water resources of this area was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning Commission, the Michigan Department of Conservation, and the Michigan Water Resources Commission.

In 1950 the population of this nine-township area exceeded 341,000, or more than 86 percent of the total population of Oakland County. This county ranks third in the state in number of industrial establishments and workers and is fifteenth in agricultural importance. Its numerous lakes and rolling uplands contribute to its top rank in the state in the number of recreational enterprises in rural or suburban areas.

The climate is moderately humid. The average annual precipitation is 30 inches and the mean air temperature is 47.2° F. Snowfall averages 38 inches in the November-April interval. The growing season averages 151 days.

The regional land surface slopes from northwest to southeast and has a total relief of 360 feet. Pitted outwash plains and morainal hills that are more than 1,000 feet above sea level in the northwest corner of the area give way southeastward to a sequence of terminal moraines and intervening till plains in the middle part. These give way to the broad lake plains that cover the southeastern third of the area.

The area lies on the southeast edge of the Michigan Basin and the bedrock is composed of northwest dipping strata of the Devonian and Mississippian systems. The Antrim shale, of Lake Devonian and early Mississippian age, is the oldest formation cropping out beneath the mantle of glacial Berea sandstone, and Sunbury shale overlie the Antrim and are overlain by the Coldwater shale, their areas of outcrop beneath the drift lying successively farther northwest. These formations are of early Mississippian age.

Throughout the area the bedrock is covered by glacial drift which ranges in thickness from 25 to more than 350 feet. The drift increases in thickness from southeast to northwest, but considerable relief on the underlying bedrock surface greatly modifies this trend. Extensive moraines, till plains, lake plains, and gravel outwash plains cover the area. In the northwestern third of the area an extensive upland of gravel plains is dotted with lakes ranging from a few feet to more than 100 feet in depth.

Precipitation is the perennial source of all water in this area, whether on the surface of underground. The average annual rainfall on the nine-townships is equivalent to a continuous supply of 450 m.g.d. or  9 times the combined annual withdrawal from all wells in the area.

About 53 percent of the area is drained by the Clinton River, 44 percent by the River Rouge, and the remaining 3 percent by the Huron River. Less than one-third of the annual precipitation reappears as surface discharge from the watersheds of this area.

About two-thirds of the annual precipitation on the area is lost by evaporation from water and land surfaces and by transpirations from vegetative cover. A substantial part of this large annual water loss is from the many lakes and other exposed water surfaces and from contiguous lands where the depth to the water table is slight. Average annual water losses by evapotranspiration are equivalent to about 280 m.g.d. or nearly 6 times the combined withdrawal from all ground-water supplies in the area.

The principal aquifers are the alluvial deposits bordering streams and the buried outwash deposits which represent alluvial fills in preglacial or interglacial stream channels. Intensive well developments in the urban areas have greatly lowered ground-water levels in the buried outwash deposits, have brought localized problems of declining well yield, and have induced migration of mineralized waters from the underlying consolidated formations. During 1952, withdrawals of ground water in the nine township area averages about 50 m.g.d., most of this quantity being pumped from municipal wells. This annual pumpage was distributed as follows: 60 percent in Pontiac and environs; 20 percent in Birmingham, Royal Oak and Troy Township; and the remaining 20 percent throughout the suburban and rural areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Ferris, J., Burt, E., Stramel, G., and Crosthwaite, E., 1954, Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan: Progress Report, 74 p.","productDescription":"74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/GIMDL-PR16_216200_7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":338196,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oakland County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.44047546386717,\n 42.449301428414955\n ],\n [\n -83.0841064453125,\n 42.449301428414955\n ],\n [\n -83.0841064453125,\n 42.685463935766094\n ],\n [\n -83.44047546386717,\n 42.685463935766094\n ],\n [\n -83.44047546386717,\n 42.449301428414955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df19e4b05ec79911d20f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferris, J.G.","contributorId":12453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt, E.M.","contributorId":189751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stramel, G.J.","contributorId":47768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stramel","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crosthwaite, E. G.","contributorId":83098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosthwaite","given":"E. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3760,"text":"cir330 - 1954 - The Model VI transmission fluorimeter for the determination of uranium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"cir330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"330","title":"The Model VI transmission fluorimeter for the determination of uranium","docAbstract":"An improved transmission fluorimeter (Model VI) for use in the determination of uranium consists of a line-operated, low-voltage d-c supply, powering a small 3-watt ultraviolet lamp as a source of long wavelength ultraviolet radiation; a Model V phototube housing and. fluorimeter head containing the sample holder, shutter, and primary and secondary filters; an end-window multiplier phototube powered by a stable, commercially available high-voltage supply; and an electronic microammeter for measuring the output current from the photomultiplier tube. The instrument has excellent electrical stability and operates over a wide range of sensitivity. Its versatility makes it useful for both routine and research work.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir330","usgsCitation":"Kinser, C.A., 1954, The Model VI transmission fluorimeter for the determination of uranium: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 330, 9 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir330.","productDescription":"9 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0330/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0330/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinser, Charles Alvin","contributorId":69126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Alvin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}