The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) have been working with the Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington (Grant PUD), to increase their understanding of predator-prey interactions in the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project (PRP), Columbia River, Washington. For this study, the PRP is defined as the area approximately 6 kilometers upstream of Wanapum Dam to the Priest Rapids Dam tailrace, 397.1 miles from the mouth of the Columbia River. Past year’s low survival numbers of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through Wanapum and Priest Rapids Dams has prompted Grant PUD, on behalf of the Priest Rapids Coordinating Committee, to focus research efforts on steelhead migration and potential causal mechanisms for low survival. Steelhead passage survival in 2009 was estimated at 0.944 through the Wanapum Development (dam and reservoir) and 0.881 through the Priest Rapids Development and for 2010, steelhead survival was 0.855 for Wanapum Development and 0.904 for Priest Rapids Development. The USGS and WDFW implemented field collection efforts in 2011 for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and walleye (Sander vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum) and their diets in the PRP. For predator indexing, we collected 948 northern pikeminnow, 237 smallmouth bass, 18 walleye, and two largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The intent of this study was to provide standardized predation indices within individual reaches of the PRP to discern spatial variability in predation patterns. Furthermore, the results of the 2011 study were compared to results of a concurrent steelhead survival study. Our results do not indicate excessively high predation of Oncorhynchus spp. occurring by northern pikeminnow or smallmouth bass in any particular reach throughout the study area. Although we found Oncorhynchus spp. in the predator diets, the relative proportion was small. Predation index values in 2011 were highest in the Priest Rapids mid-reservoir reach for northern pikeminnow and smallmouth bass. Predation indices generally were high in the tailrace areas for northern pikeminnow, and high in the forebay areas for smallmouth bass. Steelhead survival in 2011 was consistently high throughout the study period and the PRP, although predation indices were relatively low, which suggests that fish predation did not significantly affect steelhead survival throughout the study area. Our efforts to correlate retrospective predation indices with survival estimates for 2009 and 2010 did provide some evidence for high predation occurring in some of the same reaches, which had low steelhead survival, such as the Priest Rapids tailrace in 2009. However, for 2010, our results indicated that the loss of salmonids to predation were more contradictory to the survival results, where predation indices were higher for reaches in the Priest Rapids Development than in the Wanapum Development. Establishing correlations between steelhead survival and observed predation indices for previous research years, in 2009 and 2010 was confounded by the lack of coordination of these two studies during the initial study design, implementation period for such an analysis. Future efforts to correlate steelhead survival with fish predation would benefit from efforts to better coordinate the studies with consistent study reaches, and better timing of concurrent efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121129","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Hardiman, J.M., Counihan, T.D., Burgess, D.S., Simmons, K.E., Holmberg, G.S., Rogala, J., and Polacek, R., 2012, Assessing fish predation on migrating juvenile steelhead and a retrospective comparison to steelhead survival through the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project, Columbia River, Washington, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1129, vi, 18 p.; Figures: pgs. 19-30; Tables: pgs. 31-35, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121129.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.; Figures: pgs. 19-30; Tables: pgs. 31-35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1129.jpg"},{"id":257787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Priest Rapids Reservoir, Wanapum Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -119.70703125,\n 47.51349065484327\n ],\n [\n -119.70703125,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.34973144531249,\n 46.5739667965278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd4e4b0c8380cd49a2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardiman, Jill M. 0000-0002-3661-9695 jhardiman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-9695","contributorId":2672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardiman","given":"Jill","email":"jhardiman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514 tcounihan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":4211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy","email":"tcounihan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgess, Dave S.","contributorId":8714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Dave","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simmons, Katrina E.","contributorId":50395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmberg, Glen S. gholmberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":4342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmberg","given":"Glen","email":"gholmberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rogala, Josh","contributorId":52460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Polacek, Rochelle","contributorId":39257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polacek","given":"Rochelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038806,"text":"fs20123070 - 2012 - A climate trend analysis of Chad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"fs20123070","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3070","subseriesTitle":"Informing Climate Change Adaptation","title":"A climate trend analysis of Chad","docAbstract":"This brief report, drawing from a multi-year effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), identifies significant decreases in rainfall and increases in air temperature across Chad, especially in the eastern part of the country. These analyses are based on quality-controlled station observations. Conclusions:* Summer rains have decreased in eastern Chad during the past 20 years. * Temperatures have increased by 0.8 °Celsius since 1975, amplifying the effect of droughts. * Crop yields are very low and stagnant. * The amount of farmland per person is low, and decliningrapidly.* Population growth combined with stagnating yieldscould lead to a 30 percent reduction in per capita cereal production by 2025.* In many cases, areas with changing climate are coincident with zones of substantial conflict, indicating some degree of association; however, the contribution of climate change to these conflicts is not currently understood.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123070","collaboration":"Famine Early Warning Systems Network - Informing Climate Change Adaptation Series","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Rowland, J., Adoum, A., Eilerts, G., and White, L., 2012, A climate trend analysis of Chad: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3070, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123070.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3070.JPG"},{"id":257789,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Chad","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 13,7 ], [ 13,22 ], [ 25,22 ], [ 25,7 ], [ 13,7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4988e4b0b290850ef40a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Jim 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":22891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adoum, Alkhalil","contributorId":59670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adoum","given":"Alkhalil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Libby","contributorId":61680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Libby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038827,"text":"ofr20121126 - 2012 - 234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T18:48:08.260831","indexId":"ofr20121126","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1126","displayTitle":"234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","title":"234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report releases 234U/238U isotope data, expressed as activity ratios, and uranium concentration data from analyses completed at Northern Arizona University for groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples that were collected in and around Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona, in 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Horton, R., Otton, J.K., and Ketterer, M.K., 2012, 234U/238U isotope data from groundwater and solid-phase leachate samples near Tuba City Open Dump, Tuba City, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1126, iii, 2 p.; 2 Appendices; PDF Download of Table 1; XLSX Download of Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121126.","productDescription":"iii, 2 p.; 2 Appendices; PDF Download of Table 1; XLSX Download of Table 1","startPage":"i","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390484,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/AppendixB.pdf","text":"Appendix B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390481,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/Table1.pdf","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390483,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/Table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":390480,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/OF12-1126.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":390482,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1126/AppendixA.pdf","text":"Appendix A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":257882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1126.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tuba City","otherGeospatial":"Tuba City Open Dump","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493ae4b0b290850eeffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":465029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Robert 0000-0001-5578-3733 rhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-3733","contributorId":612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Robert","email":"rhorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":465030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ketterer, Michael K.","contributorId":93756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038753,"text":"fs20113150 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in the Kern County Subbasin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"fs20113150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3150","title":"Groundwater quality in the Kern County Subbasin, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California's drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The Kern County Subbasin constitutes one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113150","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., and Belitz, K., 2012, Groundwater quality in the Kern County Subbasin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3150, HTML Document: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113150.","productDescription":"HTML Document: 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3150.JPG"},{"id":257729,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.16666666666667,34.75 ], [ -120.16666666666667,35.75 ], [ -118.66666666666667,35.75 ], [ -118.66666666666667,34.75 ], [ -120.16666666666667,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2db3e4b0c8380cd5bfc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004478,"text":"70004478 - 2012 - Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T17:57:50.034357","indexId":"70004478","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA","docAbstract":"Tamarix spp. are introduced shrubs that have become among the most abundant woody plants growing along western North American rivers. We sought to empirically test the long-held belief that Tamarix actively displaces native species through elevating soil salinity via salt exudation. We measured chemical and physical attributes of soils (e.g., salinity, major cations and anions, texture), litter cover and depth, and stand structure along chronosequences dominated by Tamarix and those dominated by native riparian species (Populus or Salix) along the upper and lower Colorado River in Colorado and Arizona/California, USA. We tested four hypotheses: (1) the rate of salt accumulation in soils is faster in Tamarix-dominated stands than stands dominated by native species, (2) the concentration of salts in the soil is higher in mature stands dominated by Tamarix compared to native stands, (3) soil salinity is a function of Tamarix abundance, and (4) available nutrients are more concentrated in native-dominated stands compared to Tamarix-dominated stands. We found that salt concentration increases at a faster rate in Tamarix-dominated stands along the relatively free-flowing upper Colorado but not along the heavily-regulated lower Colorado. Concentrations of ions that are known to be preferentially exuded by Tamarix (e.g., B, Na, and Cl) were higher in Tamarix stands than in native stands. Soil salt concentrations in older Tamarix stands along the upper Colorado were sufficiently high to inhibit germination, establishment, or growth of some native species. On the lower Colorado, salinity was very high in all stands and is likely due to factors associated with floodplain development and the hydrologic effects of river regulation, such as reduced overbank flooding, evaporation of shallow ground water, higher salt concentrations in surface and ground water due to agricultural practices, and higher salt concentrations in fine-textured sediments derived from naturally saline parent material.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-012-0263-4","usgsCitation":"Merritt, D.M., and Shafroth, P.B., 2012, Edaphic, salinity, and stand structural trends in chronosequences of native and non-native dominated riparian forests along the Colorado River, USA: Biological Invasions, v. 14, no. 12, p. 2665-2685, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0263-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2665","endPage":"2685","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.995361328125,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -108.995361328125,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -108.995361328125,\n 39.99395569397331\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a6e4b0c8380cd50eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":95976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038793,"text":"ofr20122011 - 2012 - Bats and wind energy: a literature synthesis and annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T11:41:33","indexId":"ofr20122011","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1110","title":"Bats and wind energy: a literature synthesis and annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"Turbines have been used to harness energy from wind for hundreds of years. However, with growing concerns about climate change, wind energy has only recently entered the mainstream of global electricity production. Since early on in the development of wind-energy production, concerns have arisen about the potential impacts of turbines to wildlife; these concerns have especially focused on the mortality of birds. Despite recent improvements to turbines that have resulted in reduced mortality of birds, there is clear evidence that bat mortality at wind turbines is of far greater conservation concern. Bats of certain species are dying by the thousands at turbines across North America, and the species consistently affected tend to be those that rely on trees as roosts and most migrate long distances. Turbine-related bat mortalities are now affecting nearly a quarter of all bat species occurring in the United States and Canada. Most documented bat mortality at wind-energy facilities has occurred in late summer and early fall and has involved tree bats, with hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) being the most prevalent among fatalities. This literature synthesis and annotated bibliography focuses on refereed journal publications and theses about bats and wind-energy development in North America (United States and Canada). Thirty-six publications and eight theses were found, and their key findings were summarized. These publications date from 1996 through 2011, with the bulk of publications appearing from 2007 to present, reflecting the relatively recent conservation concerns about bats and wind energy. The idea for this Open-File Report formed while organizing a joint U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/U.S. Geological Survey \"Bats and Wind Energy Workshop,\" on January 25-26, 2012. The purposes of the workshop were to develop a list of research priorities to support decision making concerning bats with respect to siting and operations of wind-energy facilities across the United States. This document was intended to provide background information for the workshop participants on what has been published on bats and wind-energy issues in North America (United States and Canada).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20122011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L.E., 2012, Bats and wind energy: a literature synthesis and annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1110, iv, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20122011.","productDescription":"iv, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1110.JPG"},{"id":257747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f021e4b0c8380cd4a5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Laura E. ellisonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Laura","email":"ellisonl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003765,"text":"70003765 - 2012 - Characterization of intrabasin faulting and deformation for earthquake hazards in southern Utah Valley, Utah, from high-resolution seismic imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-27T01:01:50","indexId":"70003765","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of intrabasin faulting and deformation for earthquake hazards in southern Utah Valley, Utah, from high-resolution seismic imaging","docAbstract":"We conducted active and passive seismic imaging investigations along a 5.6-km-long, east–west transect ending at the mapped trace of the Wasatch fault in southern Utah Valley. Using two-dimensional (2D) P-wave seismic reflection data, we imaged basin deformation and faulting to a depth of 1.4 km and developed a detailed interval velocity model for prestack depth migration and 2D ground-motion simulations. Passive-source microtremor data acquired at two sites along the seismic reflection transect resolve S-wave velocities of approximately 200 m/s at the surface to about 900 m/s at 160 m depth and confirm a substantial thickening of low-velocity material westward into the valley. From the P-wave reflection profile, we interpret shallow (100–600 m) bedrock deformation extending from the surface trace of the Wasatch fault to roughly 1.5 km west into the valley. The bedrock deformation is caused by multiple interpreted fault splays displacing fault blocks downward to the west of the range front. Further west in the valley, the P-wave data reveal subhorizontal horizons from approximately 90 to 900 m depth that vary in thickness and whose dip increases with depth eastward toward the Wasatch fault. Another inferred fault about 4 km west of the mapped Wasatch fault displaces horizons within the valley to as shallow as 100 m depth. The overall deformational pattern imaged in our data is consistent with the Wasatch fault migrating eastward through time and with the abandonment of earlier synextensional faults, as part of the evolution of an inferred 20-km-wide half-graben structure within Utah Valley. Finite-difference 2D modeling suggests the imaged subsurface basin geometry can cause fourfold variation in peak ground velocity over distances of 300 m.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120110053","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., Williams, R., McBride, J.H., and Tomlinson, I., 2012, Characterization of intrabasin faulting and deformation for earthquake hazards in southern Utah Valley, Utah, from high-resolution seismic imaging: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 2, p. 524-540, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110053.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"524","endPage":"540","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110053","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Utah Valley","volume":"102","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cde4b0c8380cd4bf17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, Jack K. 0000-0002-3162-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-0355","contributorId":97900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, John H.","contributorId":80535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomlinson, Iris","contributorId":21816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"Iris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038768,"text":"70038768 - 2012 - Quantifying soil surface change in degraded drylands: shrub encroachment and effects of fire and vegetation removal in a desert grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70038768","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying soil surface change in degraded drylands: shrub encroachment and effects of fire and vegetation removal in a desert grassland","docAbstract":"Woody plant encroachment, a worldwide phenomenon, is a major driver of land degradation in desert grasslands. Woody plant encroachment by shrub functional types ultimately leads to the formation of a patchy landscape with fertile shrub patches interspaced with nutrient-depleted bare soil patches. This is considered to be an irreversible process of land and soil degradation. Recent studies have indicated that in the early stages of shrub encroachment, when there is sufficient herbaceous connectivity, fires (prescribed or natural) might provide some reversibility to the shrub encroachment process by negatively affecting shrub demography and homogenizing soil resources across patches within weeks to months after burning. A comprehensive understanding of longer term changes in microtopography and spatial patterning of soil properties following fire in shrub-encroached grasslands is desirable. Here, we investigate the changes in microtopography with LiDAR (light detection and ranging), vegetation recovery, and spatial pattering of soil properties in replicated burned, clipped, and control areas in a shrub-grass transition zone in the northern Chihuahuan Desert four years after prescribed fire or clipping. Results indicate a greater homogeneity in soil, microtopography, and vegetation patterning on burned relative to clipped and control treatments. Findings provide further evidence that disturbance by prescribed fire may allow for reversal of the shrub encroachment process, if the event occurs in the early stages of the vegetation shift. Improved understanding of longer-term effects of fire and associated changes in soil patterning can inform the use and role of fire in the context of changing disturbance regimes and climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012JG002002","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J.B., Ravi, S., Wallace, C., Webb, R., and Huxman, T.E., 2012, Quantifying soil surface change in degraded drylands: shrub encroachment and effects of fire and vegetation removal in a desert grassland: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, 11 p.; G02025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002002.","productDescription":"11 p.; G02025","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474452,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jg002002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91dde4b0c8380cd804ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992 jsankey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":3935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel","email":"jsankey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ravi, Sujith","contributorId":40844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravi","given":"Sujith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, Cynthia S.A.","contributorId":70487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Cynthia S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":464889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huxman, Travis E.","contributorId":53898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huxman","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038752,"text":"sir20115218 - 2012 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the two southern San Joaquin Valley study units, 2005-2006 - California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"sir20115218","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5218","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the two southern San Joaquin Valley study units, 2005-2006 - California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the southern San Joaquin Valley was investigated from October 2005 through March 2006 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. There are two study units located in the southern San Joaquin Valley: the Southeast San Joaquin Valley (SESJ) study unit and the Kern County Subbasin (KERN) study unit. The GAMA Priority Basin Project in the SESJ and KERN study units was designed to provide a statistically unbiased, spatially distributed assessment of untreated groundwater quality within the primary aquifers. The status assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2005 and 2006 by the USGS from 130 wells on a spatially distributed grid, and water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. Data was collected from an additional 19 wells for the understanding assessment. The aquifer systems (hereinafter referred to as primary aquifers) were defined as that part of the aquifer corresponding to the perforation interval of wells listed in the CDPH database for the SESJ and KERN study units. The status assessment of groundwater quality used data from samples analyzed for anthropogenic constituents such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides, as well as naturally occurring inorganic constituents such as major ions and trace elements. The status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of untreated groundwater resources within the primary aquifers in the SESJ and KERN study units, not the quality of drinking water delivered to consumers. Although the status assessment applies to untreated groundwater, Federal and California regulatory and non-regulatory water-quality benchmarks that apply to drinking water are used to provide context for the results. Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than the benchmark and is classified as high. The relative-concentration threshold for classifying inorganic constituents as moderate or low was 0.5; for organic constituents the threshold between moderate and low was 0.1. Aquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric for assessing the quality of untreated groundwater for the study units. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifers with a high relative-concentration for a particular constituent or class of constituents. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the areal percentage of the primary aquifers with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable for the two study units in the southern San Joaquin Valley (within 90 percent confidence intervals). The status assessment showed that inorganic constituents were more prevalent than organic constituents and that relative-concentrations were higher for inorganic constituents than for organic constituents. For inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks, the relative-concentration of at least one constituent in the SESJ study unit was high in 30 percent of the primary aquifers. In the KERN study unit, the relative-concentration of at least one constituent was high in 23 percent of the primary aquifers. In the SESJ and KERN study units, the inorganic constituents with human-health benchmarks detected at high relative-concentrations in more than 2 percent of the primary aquifers were arsenic, boron, vanadium, nitrate, uranium, and gross alpha radioactivity. Additional constituents with human-health benchmarks—antimony, radium, and fluoride—were detected at high relative-concentrations in the KERN study unit. For inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks (secondary maximum contaminant levels, SMCLs), the relative-concentration of at least one constituent in the SESJ study unit was high in 6.6 percent of the primary aquifers. In the KERN study unit, the relative-concentration of at least one constituent was high in 22 percent of the primary aquifers. Inorganic constituents with aesthetic benchmarks detected at high relative-concentrations in the primary aquifers in the SESJ and KERN study units were iron and manganese. Additional constituents with aesthetic benchmarks—total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate, and chloride—were detected at high relative-concentrations in the KERN study unit. In contrast, the status assessment for organic constituents with human-health benchmarks showed that relative-concentrations were high in 4.8 percent and 2.1 percent of the primary aquifers in the SESJ and KERN study units, respectively. The special-interest constituent, perchlorate, was detected at high relative-concentrations in 1.2 percent of the primary aquifers in the SESJ study unit. Twenty-eight of the 78 VOCs (not including fumigants) analyzed were detected. Of these 28 VOCs, benzene had high relative-concentrations in the SESJ study unit, and relative-concentrations for the other 27 VOCs were moderate and low. Five of the 10 fumigants were detected; 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) was the only fumigant with high relative-concentrations in the SESJ and KERN study units. Of the 136 pesticides and pesticide degradates analyzed, 33 were detected. Human-health benchmarks were established for eighteen of the detected pesticides. Dieldrin was detected at moderate relative-concentrations in the SESJ and KERN study units. All other pesticides detected with human-health benchmarks were present at low relative-concentrations. The detection frequencies for two of these pesticides—simazine and atrazine—were greater than or equal to 10 percent in the SESJ and KERN study units. The understanding assessment of groundwater quality included an analysis of correlations of selected water-quality constituents or classes of constituents with potential explanatory factors. The understanding assessment indicated that the concentrations of many trace elements and major ions were correlated to well depth, groundwater age, and/or geochemical conditions. Many trace elements were positively correlated with depth. Arsenic, boron, vanadium, fluoride, manganese, and iron concentrations increased with well depth or depth to top-of-perforations. The concentrations for these trace elements also were higher in older (pre-modern) groundwater. In contrast, uranium concentrations decreased with increasing depth and groundwater age. Most trace elements were correlated to geochemical conditions. Arsenic, antimony, boron, fluoride, manganese, and iron concentrations generally were higher wherever the pH of the groundwater was greater than 7.6. Concentrations for these constituents generally were higher at low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO). Uranium was the exception; uranium concentrations generally were lower at high pH and at high concentrations of DO. Nitrate concentrations generally were lower in deeper wells. Nitrate concentrations also were higher in groundwater with higher DO. Total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were higher in the KERN study unit than in the SESJ study unit. Total dissolved solids were negatively correlated with pH in the KERN study unit. Total dissolved solids and sulfate were higher in areas with more agricultural land use. Chloride concentrations increased with depth to top-of-perforations in the KERN study unit. Organic constituents and constituents of special interest, like many inorganic constituents, were correlated with well depth, groundwater age, and DO. Unlike most trace elements, however, solvent and pesticide detections, and total trihalomethanes (THM), DBCP, and perchlorate concentrations decreased with increasing well depth. Volatile organic compound, solvent, and pesticide detections, and THM concentrations also were lower in older (pre-modern) groundwater than in modern-age groundwater. Solvent detections and total THM, DBCP, and perchlorate concentrations increased with increasing DO concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115218","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., Shelton, J.L., and Belitz, K., 2012, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the two southern San Joaquin Valley study units, 2005-2006 - California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5218, xii, 106 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115218.","productDescription":"xii, 106 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5218.jpg"},{"id":257730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,34.833333333333336 ], [ -121,37 ], [ -118,37 ], [ -118,34.833333333333336 ], [ -121,34.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b979de4b08c986b31bb84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038754,"text":"fs20113151 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T01:01:41","indexId":"fs20113151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3151","title":"Groundwater quality in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California's drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State's groundwater quality and increases public access to groundwater-quality information. The subbasins in the southeast portion of the San Joaquin Valley constitute one of the study units being evaluated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113151","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Burton, C., and Belitz, K., 2012, Groundwater quality in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3151, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113151.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3151.JPG"},{"id":257728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,34.5 ], [ -120.25,37 ], [ -118.66666666666667,37 ], [ -118.66666666666667,34.5 ], [ -120.25,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dbbe4b0c8380cd5bfde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038769,"text":"sir20125098 - 2012 - Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and nutrients in source and finished water in the Sioux Falls area, South Dakota, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:29:50","indexId":"sir20125098","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5098","title":"Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and nutrients in source and finished water in the Sioux Falls area, South Dakota, 2009-10","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic organic compounds (AOCs) in drinking-water sources commonly are derived from municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewater sources, and are a concern for water-supply managers. A cooperative study between the city of Sioux Falls, S. Dak., and the U.S. Geological Survey was initiated in 2009 to (1) characterize the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in the source waters (groundwater and surface water) to water supplies in the Sioux Falls area, (2) determine if the compounds detected in the source waters also are present in the finished water, and (3) identify probable sources of nitrate in the Big Sioux River Basin and determine if sources change seasonally or under different hydrologic conditions. This report presents analytical results of water-quality samples collected from source waters and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area. The study approach included the collection of water samples from source and finished waters in the Sioux Falls area for the analyses of AOCs, nutrients, and nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate. Water-quality constituents monitored in this study were chosen to represent a variety of the contaminants known or suspected to occur within the Big Sioux River Basin, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, sterols, household and industrial products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, antibiotics, and hormones. A total of 184 AOCs were monitored, of which 40 AOCs had relevant human-health benchmarks. During 11 sampling visits, 45 AOCs (24 percent) were detected in at least one sample of source or finished water, and 13 AOCs were detected in at least 20 percent of all samples. Concentrations of detected AOCs were all less than 1 microgram per liter, except for two AOCs in multiple samples from the Big Sioux River, and one AOC in finished-water samples. Concentrations of AOCs were less than 0.1 microgram per liter in more than 75 percent of the detections. Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally in source-water samples from surface water and groundwater. In the Big Sioux River, nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were typically less than 1 milligram per liter as nitrogen, and reached a maximum of 4.06 milligrams per liter as nitrogen following a June 2010 storm. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in groundwater ranged from less than 0.1 to 0.701 milligram per liter as nitrogen. Eight of the AOCs detected have a human-health benchmark that could be used to evaluate the concentrations in a human-health context. Four AOCs had maximum concentrations within an order of magnitude of the benchmark, indicating that additional monitoring of the compound may be warranted. Three herbicides (atrazine, metolachlor, and prometon) and one degradate (deethylatrazine) were detected in finished-water samples as frequently as in source-water samples. The concentrations of herbicides in source water varied by an order of magnitude from the period of peak use (early summer) to the winter months. Groundwater and finished-water concentrations of atrazine were similar for the six sampling dates when groundwater was the only source water used. Upstream wastewater discharges contributed a fairly small percentage of the flow to the Big Sioux River near Sioux Falls, but several AOCs associated with wastewater were frequently detected. The interpretation of all potential sources of nitrogen cannot be accomplished by use of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate alone, but provides a qualitative indication that very little nitrate originates from excess fertilizer runoff, and most nitrate originates from municipal wastewater effluent, manure runoff (either from field application or feeding operations), or fertilizers mineralized by processes in the soil.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Sioux Falls","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G., 2012, Occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and nutrients in source and finished water in the Sioux Falls area, South Dakota, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5098, vi, 21 p.; Appendices pgs. 23-38; Appendix-4, Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125098.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendices pgs. 23-38; Appendix-4, Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5098.JPG"},{"id":257745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97,43.5 ], [ -97,43.75 ], [ -96.61749999999999,43.75 ], [ -96.61749999999999,43.5 ], [ -97,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bcbe4b0c8380cd748b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoogestraat, Galen K.","contributorId":22442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoogestraat","given":"Galen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038797,"text":"fs20123062 - 2012 - A climate trend analysis of Uganda","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"fs20123062","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3062","title":"A climate trend analysis of Uganda","docAbstract":"This brief report, drawing from a multi-year effort by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), identifies observed changes in rainfall and temperature in Uganda, based on an analysis of a quality-controlled, long time series of station observations throughout Uganda. Extending recent trends forward, it also provides a current and near-future context for understanding the actual nature of climate change impacts in the country, and a basis for identifying climate adaptations that may protect and improve the country's food security.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123062","collaboration":"Famine Early Warning Systems Network--Informing Climate Change Adaptation Series","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Rowland, J., Eilerts, G., and White, L., 2012, A climate trend analysis of Uganda: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3062, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123062.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3062.gif"},{"id":257746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Uganda","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4989e4b0b290850ef416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Jim 0000-0003-4837-3511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":22891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eilerts, Gary","contributorId":31101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilerts","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Libby","contributorId":61680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Libby","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003513,"text":"70003513 - 2012 - Polymorphic microsatellite loci identified through development and cross-species amplification within shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:11:35","indexId":"70003513","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polymorphic microsatellite loci identified through development and cross-species amplification within shorebirds","docAbstract":"We developed microsatellite loci for demographic assessments of shorebirds, a group with limited markers. First, we isolated five dinucleotide repeat microsatellite loci from the Black Oystercatcher (Haematopodidae: Haematopus bachmani), and three from the Bristle-thighed Curlew (Scolopacidae: Numenius tahitiensis); both species are of conservation concern. All eight loci were polymorphic in their respective target species. Hbaμ loci were characterized by two to three alleles with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.07 to 0.33, and two to nine alleles were detected for Nut loci with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.08 to 0.72. No linkage disequilibrium or departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed. The eight loci were also tested for cross-species amplification in 12 other species within Charadriidae and Scolopacidae, and the results demonstrated transferability across several genera. We further tested all 14 species at 12 additional microsatellite markers developed for other shorebirds: Dunlin (Calidris alpina; four loci) and Ruff (Philomachus pugnax; eight loci). Two markers (Hbaμ4 and Ruff6) were polymorphic in 13 species, while two (Calp6 and Ruff9) were monomorphic. The remaining eight markers revealed polymorphism in one to nine species each. Our results provide further evidence that locus Ruff10 is sex-linked, contrary to the initial description. These markers can be used to enhance our understanding of shorebird biology by, for example, helping to determine migratory connectivity among breeding and wintering populations and detecting relatedness among individuals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10336-011-0811-1","usgsCitation":"Williams, I., Guzzetti, B.M., Gust, J.R., Sage, G.K., Gill, R., Tibbitts, T.L., Sonsthagen, S.A., and Talbot, S.L., 2012, Polymorphic microsatellite loci identified through development and cross-species amplification within shorebirds: Journal of Ornithology, v. 153, no. 2, p. 593-601, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0811-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"593","endPage":"601","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257771,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0811-1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d05e4b0c8380cd79ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, I.","contributorId":36343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzzetti, Brian M.","contributorId":6277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guzzetti","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gust, Judy R.","contributorId":62458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gust","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70004060,"text":"70004060 - 2012 - Climate impacts on bird and plant communities from altered animal-plant interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T01:01:41","indexId":"70004060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate impacts on bird and plant communities from altered animal-plant interactions","docAbstract":"The contribution of climate change to declining populations of organisms remains a question of outstanding concern. Much attention to declining populations has focused on how changing climate drives phenological mismatches between animals and their food. Effects of climate on plant communities may provide an alternative, but particularly powerful, influence on animal populations because plants provide their habitats. Here, we show that abundances of deciduous trees and associated songbirds have declined with decreasing snowfall over 22 years of study in montane Arizona, USA. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that declining snowfall indirectly influences plants and associated birds by allowing greater over-winter herbivory by elk (Cervus canadensis). We excluded elk from one of two paired snowmelt drainages (10 ha per drainage), and replicated this paired experiment across three distant canyons. Over six years, we reversed multi-decade declines in plant and bird populations by experimentally inhibiting heavy winter herbivory associated with declining snowfall. Moreover, predation rates on songbird nests decreased in exclosures, despite higher abundances of nest predators, demonstrating the over-riding importance of habitat quality to avian recruitment. Thus, our results suggest that climate impacts on plant–animal interactions can have forceful ramifying effects on plants, birds, and ecological interactions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature Climate Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","publisherLocation":"London, U.K.","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1348","usgsCitation":"Martin, T.E., and Maron, J.L., 2012, Climate impacts on bird and plant communities from altered animal-plant interactions: Nature Climate Change, v. 2, p. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1348.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474449,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1233361","text":"External Repository"},{"id":257778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1348","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f652e4b0c8380cd4c6b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maron, John L.","contributorId":103936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maron","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003375,"text":"70003375 - 2012 - Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70003375","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession","docAbstract":"Relating watershed structure to streamflow generation is a primary focus of hydrology. However, comparisons of longitudinal variability in stream discharge with adjacent valley structure have been rare, resulting in poor understanding of the distribution of the hydrologic mechanisms that cause variability in streamflow generation along valleys. This study explores detailed surveys of stream base flow across a gauged, 23 km2 mountain watershed. Research objectives were (1) to relate spatial variability in base flow to fundamental elements of watershed structure, primarily topographic contributing area, and (2) to assess temporal changes in the spatial patterns of those relationships during a seasonal base flow recession. We analyzed spatiotemporal variability in base flow using (1) summer hydrographs at the study watershed outlet and 5 subwatershed outlets and (2) longitudinal series of discharge measurements every ~100 m along the streams of the 3 largest subwatersheds (1200 to 2600 m in valley length), repeated 2 to 3 times during base flow recession. Reaches within valley segments of 300 to 1200 m in length tended to demonstrate similar streamflow generation characteristics. Locations of transitions between these segments were consistent throughout the recession, and tended to be collocated with abrupt longitudinal transitions in valley slope or hillslope-riparian characteristics. Both within and among subwatersheds, correlation between the spatial distributions of streamflow and topographic contributing area decreased during the recession, suggesting a general decrease in the influence of topography on stream base flow contributions. As topographic controls on base flow evidently decreased, multiple aspects of subsurface structure were likely to have gained influence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011552","usgsCitation":"Payn, R., Gooseff, M., McGlynn, B., Bencala, K., and Wondzell, S., 2012, Exploring changes in the spatial distribution of stream baseflow generation during a seasonal recession: Water Resources Research, v. 48, 15 p.; W04519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011552.","productDescription":"15 p.; W04519","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474448,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011552","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257768,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011552","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e22e4b0c8380cd532f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payn, R.A.","contributorId":18208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payn","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gooseff, M.N.","contributorId":21668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wondzell, S.M.","contributorId":18599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038794,"text":"70038794 - 2012 - Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-21T01:01:41","indexId":"70038794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes","docAbstract":"Trammel nets are commonly used to sample rare fishes; however, little research has assessed delayed mortality associated with this capture technique. We conducted laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of capture by trammel net on bonytail Gila elegans, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and roundtail chub Gila robusta, at 15, 20, and 25uC. Fish (139–288 mm total length) were entangled in a trammel net for 2 h or captured by seine net and then monitored for mortality for at least 14 d. Blood samples were collected immediately after capture, and plasma cortisol levels were quantified as an index of capture-related stress. The cortisol response varied by species, but mean cortisol levels were higher for fish captured by trammel netting (295.9 ng/mL) relative to fish captured by seine netting (215.8 ng/mL). Only one fish (of 550) died during capture and handling, but 42% of the trammel-netted fish and 11% of the seine-netted fish died within 14 d after capture. In general, mortality after capture by trammel net increased with increased water temperature and at 25uC was 88% for bonytail, 94% for razorback sucker, and 25% for roundtail chub. Delayed mortality of wild-caught fish captured by trammel net has the potential to be high, at least under some circumstances. We suggest that sampling frequency, timing of sampling (relative to reproductive cycles), and water temperature all be considered carefully when using trammel nets to sample diminished populations of imperiled native fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/122011-JFWM-070","usgsCitation":"Hunt, T.A., Ward, D.L., Propper, C.R., and Gibb, A., 2012, Effects of capture by trammel net on Colorado River native fishes: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 133-141, https://doi.org/10.3996/122011-JFWM-070.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/122011-jfwm-070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122011-JFWM-070","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a3e4b0c8380cd51349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Teresa A.","contributorId":71069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David L. 0000-0002-3355-0637 dlward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":3879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dlward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Propper, Catherine R.","contributorId":73079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Propper","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibb, Alice C.","contributorId":59312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"Alice C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038743,"text":"ds684 - 2012 - A seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the north-central California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-06T16:32:07","indexId":"ds684","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"684","title":"A seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the north-central California coast","docAbstract":"A seamless, 2-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the north-central California coast has been created from the most recent high-resolution bathymetric and topographic datasets available. The DEM extends approximately 150 kilometers along the California coastline, from Half Moon Bay north to Bodega Head. Coverage extends inland to an elevation of +20 meters and offshore to at least the 3 nautical mile limit of state waters. This report describes the procedures of DEM construction, details the input data sources, and provides the DEM for download in both ESRI Arc ASCII and GeoTIFF file formats with accompanying metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds684","usgsCitation":"Foxgrover, A., and Barnard, P., 2012, A seamless, high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the north-central California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 684, iv, 11 p.; Metadata Folder; DEM ASCII Files Zip; DEM ASCII Files Folder; DEM GeoTIFF Files Zip; DEM GeoTIFF Files Folder; Shapefiles Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds684.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.; Metadata Folder; DEM ASCII Files Zip; DEM ASCII Files Folder; DEM GeoTIFF Files Zip; DEM GeoTIFF Files Folder; Shapefiles Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_684.gif"},{"id":257673,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/684/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Point Reyes;Bodega Head;Half Moon Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 37.54893261064109\n ],\n [\n -122.48382568359374,\n 37.640334898059486\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -122.47833251953125,\n 37.801103690609615\n ],\n [\n -122.48931884765626,\n 37.835818618104156\n ],\n [\n -122.54974365234374,\n 37.8271414168374\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 38.05674222065293\n ],\n [\n -122.72277832031251,\n 38.108627664321276\n ],\n [\n -122.79968261718749,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -122.8875732421875,\n 38.24249456800328\n ],\n [\n -122.73376464843749,\n 38.27700093565902\n ],\n [\n -122.84362792968749,\n 38.41916639395372\n ],\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 38.324420427006515\n ],\n [\n -123.2391357421875,\n 38.20797181420939\n ],\n [\n -123.2720947265625,\n 38.052416771864834\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -122.9425048828125,\n 37.89219554724434\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -122.6788330078125,\n 37.80544394934274\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 37.53150992479082\n ],\n [\n -122.5579833984375,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.42252593456307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57be4b0c8380cd46d6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foxgrover, Amy C.","contributorId":45775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxgrover","given":"Amy C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L.","contributorId":54936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038655,"text":"sim3172 - 2012 - Geologic cross section C-C' through the Appalachian basin from Erie County, north-central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge province, Bedford County, south-central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"sim3172","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3172","title":"Geologic cross section C-C' through the Appalachian basin from Erie County, north-central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge province, Bedford County, south-central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Geologic cross section C-C' is the third in a series of cross sections constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to document and improve understanding of the geologic framework and petroleum systems of the Appalachian basin. Cross section C-C' provides a regional view of the structural and stratigraphic framework of the Appalachian basin from north-central Ohio to the Valley and Ridge province in south-central Pennsylvania, a distance of approximately 260 miles (mi). This cross section is a companion to cross sections E-E' and D-D' that are located about 50 to 125 mi and 25 to 50 mi, respectively, to the southwest. Cross section C-C' contains much information that is useful for evaluating energy resources in the Appalachian basin. Although specific petroleum systems are not identified on the cross section, many of their key elements (such as source rocks, reservoir rocks, seals, and traps) can be inferred from lithologic units, unconformities, and geologic structures shown on the cross section. Other aspects of petroleum systems (such as the timing of petroleum generation and preferred migration pathways) may be evaluated by burial history, thermal history, and fluid flow models based on what is shown on the cross section. Cross section C-C' also provides a general framework (stratigraphic units and general rock types) for the coal-bearing section, although the cross section lacks the detail to illustrate key elements of coal systems (such as paleoclimate, coal quality, and coal rank). In addition, cross section C-C' may be used as a reconnaissance tool to identify plausible geologic structures and strata for the subsurface storage of liquid waste or for the sequestration of carbon dioxide.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3172","isbn":"978-1-4113-3277-5","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., Trippi, M.H., Swezey, C., Crangle, R., Hope, R.S., Rowan, E.L., and Lentz, E., 2012, Geologic cross section C-C' through the Appalachian basin from Erie County, north-central Ohio, to the Valley and Ridge province, Bedford County, south-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3172, 2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 46.28 inches x 39.33 inches, Sheet 2: 45.89 inches x 39.27 inches; Pamphlet: iii, 33 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3172.","productDescription":"2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 46.28 inches x 39.33 inches, Sheet 2: 45.89 inches x 39.27 inches; Pamphlet: iii, 33 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3172.jpg"},{"id":257669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3172/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky;Maryl;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Tennessee;Virginia;West Virginia","county":"Allegheny;Beaver;Bedford;Columbus;Erie;Fayette;Greene;Hancock;Lorain;Medina;Somerset;Stark;Summit;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin;Blue Ridge Province;Allegheny Plateau;Valley And Ridge Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,35 ], [ -86,42.5 ], [ -75,42.5 ], [ -75,35 ], [ -86,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1945e4b0c8380cd5592f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swezey, Christopher S.","contributorId":52640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crangle, Robert D. Jr.","contributorId":102948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert D.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hope, Rebecca S.","contributorId":43460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowan, Elisabeth L. 0000-0001-5753-6189 erowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189","contributorId":2075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Elisabeth","email":"erowan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lentz, Erika E.","contributorId":105375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lentz","given":"Erika E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70038736,"text":"sir20125101 - 2012 - Effects of flood control and other reservoir operations on the water quality of the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T17:46:31","indexId":"sir20125101","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5101","title":"Effects of flood control and other reservoir operations on the water quality of the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Roanoke River is an important natural resource for North Carolina, Virginia, and the Nation. Flood plains of the lower Roanoke River, which extend from Roanoke Rapids Dam to Batchelor Bay near Albemarle Sound, support a large and diverse population of nesting birds, waterfowl, freshwater and anadromous fish, and other wildlife, including threatened and endangered species. The flow regime of the lower Roanoke River is affected by a number of factors, including flood-management operations at the upstream John H. Kerr Dam and Reservoir. A three-dimensional, numerical water-quality model was developed to explore links between upstream flows and downstream water quality, specifically in-stream dissolved-oxygen dynamics. Calibration of the hydrodynamics and dissolved-oxygen concentrations emphasized the effect that flood-plain drainage has on water and oxygen levels, especially at locations more than 40 kilometers away from the Roanoke Rapids Dam. Model hydrodynamics were calibrated at three locations on the lower Roanoke River, yielding coefficients of determination between 0.5 and 0.9. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were calibrated at the same sites, and coefficients of determination ranged between 0.6 and 0.8. The model has been used to quantify relations among river flow, flood-plain water level, and in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentrations in support of management of operations of the John H. Kerr Dam, which affects overall flows in the lower Roanoke River. Scenarios have been developed to mitigate the negative effects that timing, duration, and extent of flood-plain inundation may have on vegetation, wildlife, and fisheries in the lower Roanoke River corridor. Under specific scenarios, the model predicted that mean dissolved-oxygen concentrations could be increased by 15 percent by flow-release schedules that minimize the drainage of anoxic flood-plain waters. The model provides a tool for water-quality managers that can help identify options that improve water quality and protect the aquatic habitat of the Roanoke River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., 2012, Effects of flood control and other reservoir operations on the water quality of the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina (Original posted June 14, 2012 - Revised September 20, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5101, x, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125101.","productDescription":"x, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5101.bmp"},{"id":257670,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5101/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5101/pdf/2012-5101.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","county":"Bertie County, Halifax County, Martin County, Northampton County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.75,35.5 ], [ -80.75,37.5 ], [ -76,37.5 ], [ -76,35.5 ], [ -80.75,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Original posted June 14, 2012 - Revised September 20, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f4e4b0c8380cd514c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Ana Maria 0000-0002-5388-1281","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-1281","contributorId":44634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Ana Maria","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038756,"text":"ofr20121061 - 2012 - Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-20T01:01:36","indexId":"ofr20121061","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1061","title":"Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"Increasingly, dry rangelands are being valued for multiple services beyond their traditional value as a forage production system. Additional ecosystem services include the potential to store carbon in the soil and plant biomass. In addition, dust emissions from rangelands might be considered an ecosystem detriment, the opposite of an ecosystem service. Dust emitted may have far-reaching impacts, for example, reduction of local air quality, as well as altering regional water supplies through effects on snowpack. Using an extensive rangeland monitoring dataset in the greater Canyonlands region (Utah, USA), we developed a method to estimate indices of the provisioning of three ecosystem services (forage production, dust retention, C storage) and one ecosystem property (nativeness), taking into account both ecosystem type and alternative states within that ecosystem type. We also integrated these four indices into a multifunctionality index. Comparing the currently ungrazed Canyonlands National Park watersheds to the adjacent Dugout Ranch pastures, we found clearly higher multifunctionality was attained in the Park, and that this was primarily driven by greater C-storage and better dust retention. It is unlikely to maximize all benefits and minimize all detriments at the same time. Some goods and services may have synergistic interactions; for example, managing for carbon storage will increase plant and biocrust cover likely lowering dust emission. Likewise, some may have antagonistic interactions. For instance, if carbon is consumed as biomass for livestock production, then carbon storage may be reduced. Ultimately our goal should be to quantify the monetary consequences of specific land use practices for multiple ecosystem services and determine the best land use and adaptive management practices for attaining multiple ecosystem services, minimizing economic detriments, and maximizing economic benefits from multi-commodity rangelands. Our technique is the first step toward this goal, allowing the simultaneous consideration of multiple targeted ecosystem services and properties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121061","usgsCitation":"Bowker, M.A., Miller, M.E., and Belote, R., 2012, Assessment of rangeland ecosystem conditions, Salt Creek watershed and Dugout Ranch, southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1061, v [vi], 29 p.; Figures: pgs. 30-44; Tables: pgs.45-56; XLS Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121061.","productDescription":"v [vi], 29 p.; Figures: pgs. 30-44; Tables: pgs.45-56; XLS Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1061.gif"},{"id":257694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Creek Watershed;Dugout Ranch","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4de4b0c8380cd49cb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowker, M. A.","contributorId":18901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowker","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belote, R.T.","contributorId":101119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belote","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038751,"text":"fs20123073 - 2012 - Development of computational fluid dynamics--habitat suitability (CFD-HSI) models to identify potential passage--Challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:27:28.326242","indexId":"fs20123073","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3073","title":"Development of computational fluid dynamics--habitat suitability (CFD-HSI) models to identify potential passage--Challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability (CFD–HSI) model was developed to identify potential zones of shallow depth and high water velocity that may present passage challenges for five anadromous fish species in the Penobscot River, Maine, upstream from two existing dams and as a result of the proposed future removal of the dams. Potential depth-challenge zones were predicted for larger species at the lowest flow modeled in the dam-removal scenario. Increasing flows under both scenarios increased the number and size of potential velocity-challenge zones, especially for smaller species. This application of the two-dimensional CFD–HSI model demonstrated its capabilities to estimate the potential effects of flow and hydraulic alteration on the passage of migratory fish.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123073","usgsCitation":"Haro, A.J., Dudley, R.W., and Chelminski, M., 2012, Development of computational fluid dynamics--habitat suitability (CFD-HSI) models to identify potential passage--Challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3073, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123073.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257715,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3073.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","contact":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0052e4b0c8380cd4f6d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haro, Alexander J. 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":2917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chelminski, Michael","contributorId":9532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelminski","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038712,"text":"70038712 - 2012 - Laboratory toxicity and benthic invertebrate field colonization of Upper Columbia River sediments: Finding adverse effects using multiple lines of evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:05:30","indexId":"70038712","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-18T20:51:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory toxicity and benthic invertebrate field colonization of Upper Columbia River sediments: Finding adverse effects using multiple lines of evidence","docAbstract":"From 1930 to 1995, the Upper Columbia River (UCR) of northeast Washington State received approximately 12 million metric tons of smelter slag and associated effluents from a large smelter facility located in Trail, British Columbia, approximately 10 km north of the United States–Canadian border. Studies conducted during the past two decades have demonstrated the presence of toxic concentrations of heavy metals in slag-based sandy sediments, including cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead in the UCR area as well as the downstream reservoir portion of Lake Roosevelt. We conducted standardized whole-sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (28-day) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (10-day) on 11 samples, including both UCR and study-specific reference sediments. Metal concentrations in sediments were modeled for potential toxicity using three approaches: (1) probable effects quotients (PEQs) based on total recoverable metals (TRMs) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs); (2) SEMs corrected for acid-volatile sulfides (AVS; i.e., ∑SEM − AVS); and (3) ∑SEM − AVS normalized to the fractional organic carbon (foc) (i.e., ∑SEM − AVS/foc). The most highly metal-contaminated sample (∑PEQTRM = 132; ∑PEQSEM = 54; ∑SEM − AVS = 323; and ∑SEM − AVS/foc = 64,600 umol/g) from the UCR was dominated by weathered slag sediment particles and resulted in 80% mortality and 94% decrease in biomass of amphipods; in addition, this sample significantly decreased growth of midge by 10%. The traditional ∑AVS – SEM, uncorrected for organic carbon, was the most accurate approach for estimating the effects of metals in the UCR. Treatment of the toxic slag sediment with 20% Resinex SIR-300 metal-chelating resin significantly decreased the toxicity of the sample. Samples ∑SEM − AVS > 244 was not toxic to amphipods or midge in laboratory testing, indicating that this value may be an approximate threshold for effects in the UCR. In situ benthic invertebrate colonization studies in an experimental pond (8-week duration) indicated that two of the most metal-contaminated UCR sediments (dominated by high levels of sand-sized slag particles) exhibited decreased invertebrate colonization compared with sand-based reference sediments. Field-exposed SIR-300 resin samples also exhibited decreased invertebrate colonization numbers compared with reference materials, which may indicate behavioral avoidance of this material under field conditions. Multiple lines of evidence (analytical chemistry, laboratory toxicity, and field colonization results), along with findings from previous studies, indicate that high metal concentrations associated with slag-enriched sediments in the UCR are likely to adversely impact the growth and survival of native benthic invertebrate communities. Additional laboratory toxicity testing, refinement of the applications of sediment benchmarks for metal toxicity, and in situ benthic invertebrate studies will assist in better defining the spatial extent, temporal variations, and ecological impacts of metal-contaminated sediments in the UCR system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00244-012-9752-9","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., Kemble, N., Allert, A., Brumbaugh, W.G., Ingersoll, C., Dowling, B., Gruenenfelder, C., and Roland, J., 2012, Laboratory toxicity and benthic invertebrate field colonization of Upper Columbia River sediments: Finding adverse effects using multiple lines of evidence: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 63, no. 1, p. 54-68, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-012-9752-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","city":"Trail","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4121e4b0c8380cd6530b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allert, A.L.","contributorId":55987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allert","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowling, B.","contributorId":15880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowling","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gruenenfelder, C.","contributorId":60071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gruenenfelder","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roland, J.L.","contributorId":17470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roland","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70038294,"text":"70038294 - 2012 - Extension of 239+240Pu sediment geochronology to coarse-grained marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-25T01:01:37","indexId":"70038294","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-18T19:54:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extension of 239+240Pu sediment geochronology to coarse-grained marine sediments","docAbstract":"Sediment geochronology of coastal sedimentary environments dominated by sand has been extremely limited because concentrations of natural and bomb-fallout radionuclides are often below the limit of measurement using standard techniques. ICP-MS analyses of 239+240Pu from two sites representative of traditionally challenging (i.e., low concentration) environments provide a \"proof of concept\" and demonstrate a new application for bomb-fallout radiotracers in the study of sandy shelf-seabed dynamics. A kasten core from the New Zealand shelf in the Southern Hemisphere (low fallout), and a vibracore from the sandy nearshore of North Carolina (low particle surface area) both reveal measurable 239+240Pu activities at depth. In the case of the New Zealand site, independently verified steady-state sedimentation results in a 239+240Pu profile that mimics the expected atmospheric fallout. The depth profile of 239+240Pu in the North Carolina core is more uniform, indicating significant sediment resuspension, which would be expected in this energetic nearshore environment. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the utility of 239+240Pu in the study of sandy environments, significantly extending the application of bomb-fallout isotopes to coarse-grained sediments, which compose the majority of nearshore regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2012.01.016","usgsCitation":"Kuehl, S.A., Ketterer, M.E., and Miselis, J.L., 2012, Extension of 239+240Pu sediment geochronology to coarse-grained marine sediments: Continental Shelf Research, v. 36, no. 15, p. 83-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.01.016.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.01.016","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"36","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e43e4b0c8380cd5338d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuehl, Steven A.","contributorId":44407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehl","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ketterer, Michael E.","contributorId":28479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005613,"text":"70005613 - 2012 - Exposure and effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on tree swallows nesting at Lake Johanna in east central Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-25T01:01:37","indexId":"70005613","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-18T19:46:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3261,"text":"Reproductive Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure and effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on tree swallows nesting at Lake Johanna in east central Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) samples were collected at a reference lake and a nearby lake (Lake Johanna) in east central Minnesota, USA contaminated with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids. Tissues were analyzed for a suite of 13 perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) to quantify exposure and to determine if there was an association between egg concentrations of PFCs and reproductive success of tree swallows. Concentrations of perfluoroocatane sulfonate (PFOS) were elevated in all tree swallow tissues from Lake Johanna compared to tissues collected at the reference lake. Other PFCs, except for two, were elevated in blood plasma at Lake Johanna compared to the reference lake. PFOS was the dominant PFC (>75%) at Lake Johanna, but accounted for <50% of total PFCs at the reference lake. There was a negative association between concentrations of PFOS in eggs and hatching success. Reduced hatching success was associated with PFOS levels as low as 150 ng/g wet weight.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reproductive Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.01.005","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., Schoenfuss, H.L., Poganski, B.H., and Solem, L., 2012, Exposure and effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on tree swallows nesting at Lake Johanna in east central Minnesota, USA: Reproductive Toxicology, v. 33, no. 4, p. 556-562, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.01.005.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"562","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.01.005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey","city":"Saint Paul","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e2fe4b0c8380cd53335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poganski, Beth H.","contributorId":107558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poganski","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solem, Laura","contributorId":8717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solem","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038733,"text":"sir20105070D - 2012 - Arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposit model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T16:37:16.069564","indexId":"sir20105070D","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"D","title":"Arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposit model","docAbstract":"This report provides a descriptive model for arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposits. Presented within are geological, geochemical, and mineralogical characteristics that differentiate this deposit type from porphyry copper and alkali-feldspar rhyolite-granite porphyry molybdenum deposits. The U.S. Geological Survey's effort to update existing mineral deposit models spurred this research, which is intended to supplement previously published models for this deposit type that help guide mineral-resource and mineral-environmental assessments.
\nArc-related porphyry molybdenum deposits are a substantial resource for molybdenum metal and may have anomalous concentrations of tungsten. The deposits contain low-grade ore (0.03-0.22 percent molybdenum) as molybdenite, but are large-tonnage, making them amenable to bulk mining open-pit techniques. The mineralizing system usually has fluorine contents of less than 0.1 percent. The cogenetic intrusion is a differentiated calc-alkaline granitoid, typically granodiorite to quartz monzonite in composition, with low rubidium and niobium, and moderate to high strontium concentrations. Metals and hydrothermal fluids are sourced from these intrusions, with an additional meteoric fluid component contributing to peripheral alteration but not adding more metal. The lithology of the surrounding country rocks is not important to the formation of these deposits, but a surrounding carbonate unit may be altered to skarn that contains economic mineralization. The creation of contact-metamorphosed hornfels adjacent to the intrusion is common.
\nFormation of arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposits typically occurs within a continental arc environment related to arc-continent or continent-continent collision and subduction. Few deposits are found in an island arc setting. Most classified arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposits are located in the western cordillera of North America, notably in British Columbia and Alaska.
\nHydrothermal alteration provides a key component to the identification of a deposit. Alteration usually is zoned from a core of potassic plus/minus silicic alteration outwards through phyllic to propylitic alteration. Argillic alteration may be irregular in shape and will overprint earlier hydrothermal alteration.
\nExploration should be limited to magmatic arc belts that have been unroofed and eroded to levels of a few kilometers depth. Important geological vectors toward areas of higher grade mineralization include intensity of hydrothermal alteration, veining, and faulting. Anomalous levels of molybdenum, tungsten, copper, lead, or zinc in soils, tills, stream sediments, and drainage waters may indicate the presence of an arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposit. Geophysical exploration techniques have been met with minimal success because of the overall low concentration of associated sulfide and oxide minerals.
\nGeoenvironmental concerns are generally low because of low volumes of sulfide minerals. Most deposits are marginally acid-generating to non-acid-generating with drainage waters being near-neutral pH because of the acid generating potential of pyrite being partially buffered by late-stage calcite-bearing veins. The low ore content results in a waste:ore ratio of nearly 1:1 and large tailings piles from the open-pit method of mining.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070D","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R.D., Hammarstrom, J.M., Piatak, N., and Seal, R., 2012, Arc-related porphyry molybdenum deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, vii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070D.","productDescription":"vii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5070_D.gif"},{"id":311530,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/d/sir2010-5070d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":257655,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed2ce4b0c8380cd4968a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290 rtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":3412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"rtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M.","contributorId":23621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}