{"pageNumber":"1642","pageRowStart":"41025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70038636,"text":"cir1375 - 2012 - A brief history and summary of the effects of river engineering and dams on the Mississippi River system and delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:23:13","indexId":"cir1375","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1375","title":"A brief history and summary of the effects of river engineering and dams on the Mississippi River system and delta","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey Forecast Mekong project is providing technical assistance and information to aid management decisions and build science capacity of institutions in the Mekong River Basin. A component of this effort is to produce a synthesis of the effects of dams and other engineering structures on large-river hydrology, sediment transport, geomorphology, ecology, water quality, and deltaic systems. The Mississippi River Basin (MRB) of the United States was used as the backdrop and context for this synthesis because it is a continental scale river system with a total annual water discharge proportional to the Mekong River, has been highly engineered over the past two centuries, and the effects of engineering have been widely studied and documented by scientists and engineers. The MRB is controlled and regulated by dams and river-engineering structures. These modifications have resulted in multiple benefits including navigation, flood control, hydropower, bank stabilization, and recreation. Dams and other river-engineering structures in the MRB have afforded the United States substantial socioeconomic benefits; however, these benefits also have transformed the hydrologic, sediment transport, geomorphic, water-quality, and ecologic characteristics of the river and its delta. Large dams on the middle Missouri River have substantially reduced the magnitude of peak floods, increased base discharges, and reduced the overall variability of intraannual discharges. The extensive system of levees and wing dikes throughout the MRB, although providing protection from intermediate magnitude floods, have reduced overall channel capacity and increased flood stage by up to 4 meters for higher magnitude floods. Prior to major river engineering, the estimated average annual sediment yield of the Mississippi River Basin was approximately 400 million metric tons. The construction of large main-channel reservoirs on the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers, sedimentation in dike fields, and protection of channel banks by revetments throughout the basin, have reduced the overall sediment yield of the MRB by more than 60 percent. The primary alterations to channel morphology by dams and other engineering projects have been (1) channel simplification and reduced dynamism; (2) lowering of channel-bed elevation; and (3) disconnection of the river channel from the flood plain, except during extreme flood events. Freshwater discharge from the Mississippi River and its associated sediment and nutrient loads strongly influence the physical and biological components in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Ninety percent of the nitrogen load reaching the Gulf of Mexico is from nonpoint sources with about 60 percent coming from fertilizer and mineralized soil nitrogen. Much of the phosphorus is from animal manure from pasture and rangelands followed by fertilizer applied to corn and soybeans. Increased nutrient enrichment in the northern Gulf of Mexico has resulted in the degradation of water quality as more phytoplankton grow, which increases turbidity and depletes oxygen in the lower depths creating what is known as the \"dead zone.\" In 2002, the dead zone was 22,000 square kilometers (km2), an area similar to the size of the State of Massachusetts. Changes in the flow regime from engineered structures have had direct and indirect effects on the fish communities. The navigation pools in the upper Mississippi River have aged, and these overwintering habitats, which were created when the pools filled, have declined as sedimentation reduces water depth. Reproduction of paddlefish may have been adversely affected by dams, which impede access to suitable spawning habitats. Fishes that inhabit swift-current habitats in the unimpounded lower Mississippi River have not declined as much as in the upper Mississippi River. The decline of the pallid sturgeon may be attributable to channelization of the Missouri River above St. Louis, Missouri. The Missouri River supports a rich fish community and remains relatively intact. Nevertheless, the widespread and long history of human intervention in river discharge has contributed to the declines of about 25 percent of the species. The Mississippi River Delta Plain is built from six delta complexes composed of a massive area of coastal wetlands that support the largest commercial fishery in the conterminous United States. Since the early 20th century, approximately 4,900 km2 of coastal lands have been lost in Louisiana. One of the primary mechanisms of wetland loss on the Plaquemines-Balize complex is believed to be the disconnection of the river distributary network from the delta plain by the massive system of levees on the delta top, which prevent overbank flooding and replenishment of the delta top by sediment and nutrient deliveries. Efforts by Federal and State agencies to conserve and restore the Mississippi River Delta Plain began over three decades ago and have accelerated over the past decade. Regardless of these efforts, however, land losses are expected to continue because the reduced upstream sediment supplies are not sufficient to keep up with the projected depositional space being created by the combined forces of delta plain subsidence and global sea-level rise.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA.","doi":"10.3133/cir1375","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State","usgsCitation":"Alexander, J.S., Wilson, R.C., and Green, W.R., 2012, A brief history and summary of the effects of river engineering and dams on the Mississippi River system and delta: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1375, v., 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1375.","productDescription":"v., 43 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257319,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1375/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":300769,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1375/C1375.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":257322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1375.gif"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States;Canada","state":"Alabama;Alberta;Arkansas;Colorado;Georgia;Illinois;Indiana;Iowa;Kanas;Kentucky;Louisiana;Michigan;Minnesota;Mississippi;Missouri;Montana;Nebraska;New Mexico;New York;North Carolina;North Dakota;Ohio;Oklahoma;Pennsylvania;Saskatchewan;South Dakota;Tennessee;Texas;Virginia;West Virginia;Wisconsin;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,27 ], [ -118,50 ], [ -78,50 ], [ -78,27 ], [ -118,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd497ae4b0b290850ef36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Jason S. 0000-0002-1602-482X jalexand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-482X","contributorId":2802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Jason","email":"jalexand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Richard C. wilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Richard","email":"wilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038486,"text":"70038486 - 2012 - Landscape controls on total and methyl Hg in the Upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038486","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T12:58:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape controls on total and methyl Hg in the Upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Approaches are needed to better predict spatial variation in riverine Hg concentrations across heterogeneous landscapes that include mountains, wetlands, and open waters. We applied multivariate linear regression to determine the landscape factors and chemical variables that best account for the spatial variation of total Hg (THg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in 27 sub-basins across the 493 km<sup>2</sup> upper Hudson River basin in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. THg concentrations varied by sixfold, and those of MeHg by 40-fold in synoptic samples collected at low-to-moderate flow, during spring and summer of 2006 and 2008. Bivariate linear regression relations of THg and MeHg concentrations with either percent wetland area or DOC concentrations were significant but could account for only about 1/3 of the variation in these Hg forms in summer. In contrast, multivariate linear regression relations that included metrics of (1) hydrogeomorphology, (2) riparian/wetland area, and (3) open water, explained about 66% to >90% of spatial variation in each Hg form in spring and summer samples. These metrics reflect the influence of basin morphometry and riparian soils on Hg source and transport, and the role of open water as a Hg sink. Multivariate models based solely on these landscape metrics generally accounted for as much or more of the variation in Hg concentrations than models based on chemical and physical metrics, and show great promise for identifying waters with expected high Hg concentrations in the Adirondack region and similar glaciated riverine ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001812","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Riva-Murray, K., Bradley, P., Aiken, G., and Brigham, M.E., 2012, Landscape controls on total and methyl Hg in the Upper Hudson River basin, New York, USA: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001812.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"G01034","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257261,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001812","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Mountains","volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4408e4b0c8380cd667cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riva-Murray, K.","contributorId":82481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riva-Murray","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038153,"text":"70038153 - 2012 - Semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models with application to studies of abundance for multiple species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:43:30","indexId":"70038153","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T11:47:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models with application to studies of abundance for multiple species","docAbstract":"Ecological studies involving counts of abundance, presence&ndash;absence or occupancy rates often produce data having a substantial proportion of zeros. Furthermore, these types of processes are typically multivariate and only adequately described by complex nonlinear relationships involving externally measured covariates. Ignoring these aspects of the data and implementing standard approaches can lead to models that fail to provide adequate scientific understanding of the underlying ecological processes, possibly resulting in a loss of inferential power. One method of dealing with data having excess zeros is to consider the class of univariate zero-inflated generalized linear models. However, this class of models fails to address the multivariate and nonlinear aspects associated with the data usually encountered in practice. Therefore, we propose a semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson model that takes into account both of these data attributes. The general modeling framework is hierarchical Bayes and is suitable for a broad range of applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model through a motivating example on modeling catch per unit area for multiple species using data from the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Study, implemented by the United States Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/env.1142","usgsCitation":"Arab, A., Holan, S.H., Wikle, C.K., and Wildhaber, M.L., 2012, Semiparametric bivariate zero-inflated Poisson models with application to studies of abundance for multiple species: Environmetrics, v. 23, no. 2, p. 183-196, https://doi.org/10.1002/env.1142.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3169","text":"External Repository"},{"id":257436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d14e4b08c986b31825a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arab, Ali","contributorId":75002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arab","given":"Ali","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holan, Scott H.","contributorId":15878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holan","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wikle, Christopher K.","contributorId":55680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikle","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038319,"text":"70038319 - 2012 - Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T13:10:31","indexId":"70038319","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data","docAbstract":"<p>We develop an approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using inventory-based information over North America (NA) for a recent 7-year period (ca. 2000&ndash;2006). The approach notably retains information on the spatial distribution of NEE, or the vertical exchange between land and atmosphere of all non-fossil fuel sources and sinks of CO<sub>2</sub>, while accounting for lateral transfers of forest and crop products as well as their eventual emissions. The total NEE estimate of a -327 &plusmn; 252 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup> sink for NA was driven primarily by CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in the Forest Lands sector (-248 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup>), largely in the Northwest and Southeast regions of the US, and in the Crop Lands sector (-297 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup>), predominantly in the Midwest US states. These sinks are counteracted by the carbon source estimated for the Other Lands sector (+218 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup>), where much of the forest and crop products are assumed to be returned to the atmosphere (through livestock and human consumption). The ecosystems of Mexico are estimated to be a small net source (+18 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup>) due to land use change between 1993 and 2002. We compare these inventory-based estimates with results from a suite of terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric inversion models, where the mean continental-scale NEE estimate for each ensemble is -511 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup> and -931 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. In the modeling approaches, all sectors, including Other Lands, were generally estimated to be a carbon sink, driven in part by assumed CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization and/or lack of consideration of carbon sources from disturbances and product emissions. Additional fluxes not measured by the inventories, although highly uncertain, could add an additional -239 TgC yr<sup>-1</sup> to the inventory-based NA sink estimate, thus suggesting some convergence with the modeling approaches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x","usgsCitation":"Hayes, D.J., Turner, D., Stinson, G., McGuire, A., Wei, Y., West, T.O., Heath, L., de Jong, B., McConkey, B.G., Birdsey, R.A., Kurz, W., Jacobson, A.R., Huntzinger, D.N., Pan, Y., Post, W.M., and Cook, R.B., 2012, Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 1282-1299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1282","endPage":"1299","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a969fe4b0c8380cd820d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Daniel J.","contributorId":100237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, David P.","contributorId":85454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stinson, Graham","contributorId":24623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wei, Yaxing","contributorId":79347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Yaxing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"West, Tristram O.","contributorId":39230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Tristram","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heath, Linda S.","contributorId":84207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heath","given":"Linda S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"de Jong, Bernardus","contributorId":8715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Jong","given":"Bernardus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McConkey, Brian G.","contributorId":96949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConkey","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Birdsey, Richard A.","contributorId":17751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdsey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kurz, Werner A.","contributorId":50644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"Werner A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Jacobson, Andrew R.","contributorId":50397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Huntzinger, Deborah N.","contributorId":70636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntzinger","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pan, Yude","contributorId":68872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"Yude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Post, W. Mac","contributorId":43224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mac","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Cook, Robert B.","contributorId":98166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70038503,"text":"70038503 - 2012 - Role of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties of acoutic Doppler current profiler discharge measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:50","indexId":"70038503","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties of acoutic Doppler current profiler discharge measurements","docAbstract":"This work presents a systematic analysis quantifying the role of the presence of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties (random errors) of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements from moving platforms. Data sets of three-dimensional flow velocities with high temporal and spatial resolution were generated from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent open channel flow. Dimensionless functions relating parameters quantifying the uncertainty in discharge measurements due to flow turbulence (relative variance and relative maximum random error) to sampling configuration were developed from the DNS simulations and then validated with field-scale discharge measurements. The validated functions were used to evaluate the role of the presence of flow turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties in ADCP discharge measurements. The results of this work indicate that random errors due to the flow turbulence are significant when: (a) a low number of transects is used for a discharge measurement, and (b) measurements are made in shallow rivers using high boat velocity (short time for the boat to cross a flow turbulence structure).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011185","usgsCitation":"Tarrab, L., Garcia, C.M., Cantero, M.I., and Oberg, K., 2012, Role of turbulence fluctuations on uncertainties of acoutic Doppler current profiler discharge measurements: Water Resources Research, v. 48, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011185.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"W06507","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474474,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011185","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011185","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae74e4b0c8380cd870da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tarrab, Leticia","contributorId":64116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarrab","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Carlos M.","contributorId":71432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cantero, Mariano I.","contributorId":37609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantero","given":"Mariano","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin","contributorId":89385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038466,"text":"70038466 - 2012 - Pattern and process of prescribed fires influence effectiveness at reducing wildfire severity in dry coniferous forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:51","indexId":"70038466","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pattern and process of prescribed fires influence effectiveness at reducing wildfire severity in dry coniferous forests","docAbstract":"We examined the effects of three early season (spring) prescribed fires on burn severity patterns of summer wildfires that occurred 1&ndash;3 years post-treatment in a mixed conifer forest in central Idaho. Wildfire and prescribed fire burn severities were estimated as the difference in normalized burn ratio (dNBR) using Landsat imagery. We used GIS derived vegetation, topography, and treatment variables to generate models predicting the wildfire burn severity of 1286&ndash;5500 30-m pixels within and around treated areas. We found that wildfire severity was significantly lower in treated areas than in untreated areas and significantly lower than the potential wildfire severity of the treated areas had treatments not been implemented. At the pixel level, wildfire severity was best predicted by an interaction between prescribed fire severity, topographic moisture, heat load, and pre-fire vegetation volume. Prescribed fire severity and vegetation volume were the most influential predictors. Prescribed fire severity, and its influence on wildfire severity, was highest in relatively warm and dry locations, which were able to burn under spring conditions. In contrast, wildfire severity peaked in cooler, more mesic locations that dried later in the summer and supported greater vegetation volume. We found considerable evidence that prescribed fires have landscape-level influences within treatment boundaries; most notable was an interaction between distance from the prescribed fire perimeter and distance from treated patch edges, which explained up to 66% of the variation in wildfire severity. Early season prescribed fires may not directly target the locations most at risk of high severity wildfire, but proximity of these areas to treated patches and the discontinuity of fuels following treatment may influence wildfire severity and explain how even low severity treatments can be effective management tools in fire-prone landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.002","usgsCitation":"Arkle, R., Pilliod, D., and Welty, J., 2012, Pattern and process of prescribed fires influence effectiveness at reducing wildfire severity in dry coniferous forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 276, p. 174-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.002.","productDescription":"11 p.l","startPage":"174","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","volume":"276","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75b2e4b0c8380cd77cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arkle, Robert S.","contributorId":55679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S.","contributorId":101760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welty, Justin L.","contributorId":80558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038465,"text":"70038465 - 2012 - Multiple age components in individual molybdenite grains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-12T01:01:50","indexId":"70038465","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple age components in individual molybdenite grains","docAbstract":"Re&ndash;Os geochronology of fractions composed of unsized, coarse, and fine molybdenite from a pod of unusual monazite&ndash;xenotime gneiss within a granulite facies paragneiss, Hudson Highlands, NY, yielded dates of 950.5 &plusmn; 2.5, 953.8 &plusmn; 2.6, and 941.2 &plusmn; 2.6 Ma, respectively. These dates are not recorded by co-existing zircon, monazite, or xenotime. SEM&ndash;BSE imagery of thin sections and separated grains reveals that most molybdenite grains are composed of core and rim plates that are approximately perpendicular. Rim material invaded cores, forming irregular contacts, probably reflecting dissolution/reprecipitation. EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses show that cores and rims have different trace element concentrations (for example, cores are relatively enriched in W). On the basis of inclusions of zircon with metamorphic overgrowths, we conclude that molybdenite cores and rims formed after high-grade regional metamorphism. The discovery of cores and rims in individual molybdenite grains is analogous to multi-component U-Pb geochronometers such as zircon, monazite, and titanite; thus, molybdenite should be carefully examined before dating to ensure that the requirement of age homogeneity is fulfilled.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.011","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Creaser, R., Lowers, H., Magee, C.W., and Grauch, R.I., 2012, Multiple age components in individual molybdenite grains: Chemical Geology, v. 300-301, p. 55-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.011.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257408,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.011","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","volume":"300-301","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a605ee4b0c8380cd713d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creaser, Robert A.","contributorId":71042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creaser","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magee, Charles W.","contributorId":31245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magee","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grauch, Richard I. 0000-0002-1763-0813 rgrauch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":1193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"Richard","email":"rgrauch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038463,"text":"70038463 - 2012 - Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:01:14","indexId":"70038463","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations","docAbstract":"Kinematic similarities between the Sumatra and Puerto Rico Trenches highlight the potential for a mega-earthquake along the Puerto Rico Trench and the generation of local and trans-Atlantic tsunamis. We used the horizontal components of continuous GPS (cGPS) measurements from 10 sites on NE Caribbean islands to evaluate strain accumulation along the North American (NA) - Caribbean (CA) plate boundary. These sites move westward and slightly northward relative to CA interior at rates &le;2.5 mm/y. Provided this motion originates in the subduction interface, the northward motion suggests little or no trench-perpendicular thrust accumulation and may in fact indicate divergence north of Puerto Rico, where abnormal subsidence, bathymetry, and gravity are observed. The Puerto Rico Trench, thus, appears unable to generate mega-earthquakes, but damaging smaller earthquakes cannot be discounted. The westward motion, characterized by decreasing rate with distance from the trench, is probably due to eastward motion of CA plate impeded at the plate boundary by the Bahamas platform. Two additional cGPS sites in Mona Passage and SW Puerto Rico move to the SW similar to Hispaniola and unlike the other 10 sites. That motion relative to the rest of Puerto Rico may have given rise to seismicity and normal faults in Mona Rift, Mona Passage, and SW Puerto Rico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012GL051485","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., and Lopez-Vegas, A.M., 2012, Plate interaction in the NE Caribbean subduction zone from continuous GPS observations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, 6 p.; L10304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051485.","productDescription":"6 p.; L10304","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474478,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl051485","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051485","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Cariibbean","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c21e4b0c8380cd797ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez-Vegas, Alberto M.","contributorId":32394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez-Vegas","given":"Alberto","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038493,"text":"70038493 - 2012 - Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:22:08","indexId":"70038493","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf?","docAbstract":"Historically the wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) was hated and extirpated from most of the contiguous United States. The federal Endangered Species Act fostered wolf protection and reintroduction which improved the species' image. Wolf populations reached biological recovery in the Northern Rocky Mountains and upper Midwest, and the animal has been delisted from the Endangered Species List in those areas. Numerous studies in National Parks suggest that wolves, through trophic cascades, have caused ecosystems to change in ways many people consider positive. Several studies have been conducted in Yellowstone National Park where wolf interactions with their prey, primarily elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>), are thought to have caused reduction of numbers or changes in movements and behavior. Some workers consider the latter changes to have led to a behaviorally-mediated trophic cascade. Either the elk reduction or the behavioral changes are hypothesized to have fostered growth in browse, primarily willows (<i>Salix</i> spp.) and aspen (<i>Populus</i> spp.), and that growth has resulted in increased beavers (<i>Castor Canadensis</i>), songbirds, and hydrologic changes. The wolf's image thus has gained an iconic cachet. However, later research challenges several earlier studies' findings such that earlier conclusions are now controversial; especially those related to causes of browse regrowth. In any case, any such cascading effects of wolves found in National Parks would have little relevance to most of the wolf range because of overriding anthropogenic influences there on wolves, prey, vegetation, and other parts of the food web. The wolf is neither a saint nor a sinner except to those who want to make it so.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.003","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2012, Is science in danger of sanctifying the wolf?: Biological Conservation, v. 150, no. 1, p. 143-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.003","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"150","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f2be4b0c8380cd642ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038492,"text":"70038492 - 2012 - Calcium carbonate nucleation in an alkaline lake surface water, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T19:03:52.776537","indexId":"70038492","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":866,"text":"Aquatic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcium carbonate nucleation in an alkaline lake surface water, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"Calcium concentration and calcite supersaturation (&Omega;) needed for calcium carbonate nucleation and crystal growth in Pyramid Lake (PL) surface water were determined during August of 1997, 2000, and 2001. PL surface water has &Omega; values of 10-16. Notwithstanding high &Omega;, calcium carbonate growth did not occur on aragonite single crystals suspended PL surface water for several months. However, calcium solution addition to PL surface-water samples caused reproducible calcium carbonate mineral nucleation and crystal growth. Mean PL surface-water calcium concentration at nucleation was 2.33 mM (<i>n</i> = 10), a value about nine times higher than the ambient PL surface-water calcium concentration (0.26 mM); mean &Omega; at nucleation (109 with a standard deviation of 8) is about eight times the PL surface-water &Omega;. Calcium concentration and &Omega; regulated the calcium carbonate formation in PL nucleation experiments and surface water. Unfiltered samples nucleated at lower &Omega; than filtered samples. Calcium concentration and &Omega; at nucleation for experiments in the presence of added particles were within one standard deviation of the mean for all samples. Calcium carbonate formation rates followed a simple rate expression of the form, rate (mM/min) = <i>A</i> (&Omega;) + <i>B</i>. The best fit rate equation \"Rate (&Delta; mM/&Delta; min) = -0.0026 &Omega; + 0.0175 (<i>r</i> = 0.904, <i>n</i> = 10)\" was statistically significant at greater than the 0.01 confidence level and gives, after rearrangement, &Omega; at zero rate of 6.7. Nucleation in PL surface water and morphology of calcium carbonate particles formed in PL nucleation experiments and in PL surface-water samples suggest crystal growth inhibition by multiple substances present in PL surface water mediates PL calcium carbonate formation, but there is insufficient information to determine the chemical nature of all inhibitors.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10498-011-9150-3","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Hoch, A., 2012, Calcium carbonate nucleation in an alkaline lake surface water, Pyramid Lake, Nevada, USA: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 2, p. 95-113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-011-9150-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.76333618164062,\n              39.8401771327549\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35958862304688,\n              39.8401771327549\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.35958862304688,\n              40.23236350185715\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.76333618164062,\n              40.23236350185715\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.76333618164062,\n              39.8401771327549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f8e4b0c8380cd4b500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoch, Anthony","contributorId":65705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoch","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038494,"text":"70038494 - 2012 - Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:22:14","indexId":"70038494","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","docAbstract":"The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996-97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were all present in high concentrations in effluent from Spring Creek Reservoir (SCR), which enters into the Sacramento River in the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir. SCR was constructed in part to regulate the flow of acidic, metal-rich waters draining the IMM Superfund site. Although virtually all of these metals exist in SCR in the dissolved form, upon entering Keswick Reservoir they at least partially converted via precipitation and/or adsorption to the particulate phase. In spite of this, few of the metals settled out; instead the vast majority was transported colloidally down the Sacramento River at least to Bend Bridge, 67 km from Keswick Dam. The geochemical influence of IMM on the upper Sacramento River was variable, chiefly dependent on the flow of Spring Creek. Although the average flow of the Sacramento River at Keswick Dam is 250 m<sup>3</sup>/s (cubic meters per second), even flows as low as 0.3 m<sup>3</sup>/s from Spring Creek were sufficient to account for more than 15% of the metals loading at Bend Bridge, and these proportions increased with increasing Spring Creek flow. The dissolved proportion of the total bioavailable load was dependent on the element but steadily decreased for all metals, from near 100% in Spring Creek to values (for some elements) of less than 1% at Bend Bridge; failure to account for the suspended sediment load in assessments of the effect of metals transport in the Sacramento River can result in estimates which are low by as much as a factor of 100.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Taylor, H.E., and Alpers, C.N., 2012, Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir: Chemical Geology, v. 298-9, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257269,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River, Keswick Reservoir","volume":"298-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028ee4b0c8380cd500d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038480,"text":"70038480 - 2012 - Studying biodiversity: is a new paradigm really needed?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying biodiversity: is a new paradigm really needed?","docAbstract":"Authors in this journal have recommended a new approach to the conduct of biodiversity science. This data-driven approach requires the organization of large amounts of ecological data, analysis of these data to discover complex patterns, and subsequent development of hypotheses corresponding to detected patterns. This proposed new approach has been contrasted with more-traditional knowledge-based approaches in which investigators deduce consequences of competing hypotheses to be confronted with actual data, providing a basis for discriminating among the hypotheses. We note that one approach is directed at hypothesis generation, whereas the other is also focused on discriminating among competing hypotheses. Here, we argue for the importance of using existing knowledge to the separate issues of (a) hypothesis selection and generation and (b) hypothesis discrimination and testing. In times of limited conservation funding, the relative efficiency of different approaches to learning should be an important consideration in decisions about how to study biodiversity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1525/bio.2012.62.5.11","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Cooch, E.G., Nichols, J., and Sauer, J., 2012, Studying biodiversity: is a new paradigm really needed?: BioScience, v. 62, no. 5, p. 497-502, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.5.11.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474479,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.5.11","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257279,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.5.11","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"62","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ce3e4b08c986b31d505","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooch, Evan G.","contributorId":100673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, Jonathan M.","contributorId":45945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Jonathan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038482,"text":"70038482 - 2012 - Supplementing seed banks to rehabilitate disturbed Mojave Desert shrublands: where do all the seeds go?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038482","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supplementing seed banks to rehabilitate disturbed Mojave Desert shrublands: where do all the seeds go?","docAbstract":"Revegetation of degraded arid lands often involves supplementing impoverished seed banks and improving the seedbed, yet these approaches frequently fail. To understand these failures, we tracked the fates of seeds for six shrub species that were broadcast across two contrasting surface disturbances common to the Mojave Desert&mdash;sites compacted by concentrated vehicle use and trenched sites where topsoil and subsurface soils were mixed. We evaluated seedbed treatments that enhance soil-seed contact (tackifier) and create surface roughness while reducing soil bulk density (harrowing). We also explored whether seed harvesting by granivores and seedling suppression by non-native annuals influence the success of broadcast seeding in revegetating degraded shrublands. Ten weeks after treatments, seeds readily moved off of experimental plots in untreated compacted sites, but seed movements were reduced 32% by tackifier and 55% through harrowing. Harrowing promoted seedling emergence in compacted sites, particularly for the early-colonizing species <i>Encelia farinosa</i>, but tackifier was largely ineffective. The inherent surface roughness of trenched sites retained three times the number of seeds than compacted sites, but soil mixing during trench development likely altered the suitability of the seedbed thus resulting in poor seedling emergence. Non-native annuals had little influence on seed fates during our study. In contrast, the prevalence of harvester ants increased seed removal on compacted sites, whereas rodent activity influenced removal on trenched sites. Future success of broadcast seeding in arid lands depends on evaluating disturbance characteristics prior to seeding and selecting appropriate species and seasons for application.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x","usgsCitation":"DeFalco, L., Esque, T., Nicklas, M.B., and Kane, J., 2012, Supplementing seed banks to rehabilitate disturbed Mojave Desert shrublands: where do all the seeds go?: Restoration Ecology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 85-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f79e4b08c986b31e5dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A.","contributorId":42270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicklas, Melissa B.","contributorId":36404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicklas","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":35169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038478,"text":"70038478 - 2012 - Use of flow-normalization to evaluate nutrient concentration and flux changes in Lake Champlain tributaries, 1990-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038478","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of flow-normalization to evaluate nutrient concentration and flux changes in Lake Champlain tributaries, 1990-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated 20 years of total phosphorus (P) and total nitrogen (N) concentration data for 18 Lake Champlain tributaries using a new statistical method based on weighted regressions to estimate daily concentration and flux histories based on discharge, season, and trend as explanatory variables. The use of all the streamflow discharge values for a given date in the record, in a process called \"flow-normalization,\" removed the year-to-year variation due to streamflow and generated a smooth time series from which trends were calculated. This approach to data analysis can be of great value to evaluations of the success of restoration efforts because it filters out the large random fluctuations in the flux that are due to the temporal variability in streamflow. Results for the full 20 years of record showed a mixture of upward and downward trends for concentrations and yields of P and N. When the record was broken into two 10-year periods, for many tributaries, the more recent period showed a reversal in N from upward to downward trends and a similar reversal or reduction in magnitude of upward trends for P. Some measures of P and N concentrations and yields appear to be related to intensity of agricultural activities, point-source loads of P, or population density. Total flow-normalized P flux aggregated from the monitored tributaries showed a decrease of 30 metric tons per year from 1991 to 2009, which is about 15% of the targeted reduction established by the operational management plan for the Lake Champlain Basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.002","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., Hirsch, R.M., and Archfield, S.A., 2012, Use of flow-normalization to evaluate nutrient concentration and flux changes in Lake Champlain tributaries, 1990-2009: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 58-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont;New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf03e4b08c986b3298fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038630,"text":"70038630 - 2012 - Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038630","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire","docAbstract":"We investigated the control of postwildfire runoff by physical and hydraulic properties of soil, hydrologic states, and an ash layer immediately following wildfire. The field site is within the area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Physical and hydraulic property characterization included ash thickness, particle size distribution, hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention curves. Soil water content and matric potential were measured indirectly at several depths below the soil surface to document hydrologic states underneath the ash layer in the unsaturated zone, whereas precipitation and surface runoff were measured directly. Measurements of soil water content showed that almost no water infiltrated below the ash layer into the near-surface soil in the burned site at the storm time scale (i.e., minutes to hours). Runoff generation processes were controlled by and highly sensitive to ash thickness and ash hydraulic properties. The ash layer stored from 97% to 99% of rainfall, which was critical for reducing runoff amounts. The hydrologic response to two rain storms with different rainfall amounts, rainfall intensity, and durations, only ten days apart, indicated that runoff generation was predominantly by the saturation-excess mechanism perched at the ash-soil interface during the first storm and predominantly by the infiltration-excess mechanism at the ash surface during the second storm. Contributing area was not static for the two storms and was 4% (saturation excess) to 68% (infiltration excess) of the catchment area. Our results showed the importance of including hydrologic conditions and hydraulic properties of the ash layer in postwildfire runoff generation models.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011470","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Moody, J.A., and Martin, D.A., 2012, Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire: Water Resources Research, v. 48, 13 p.; W03529, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011470.","productDescription":"13 p.; W03529","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474480,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257289,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011470","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a358ce4b0c8380cd5fffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038510,"text":"70038510 - 2012 - Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038510","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Arroyos in the American Southwest proceed through cut-and-fill cycles that operate at centennial to millennial time scales. The geomorphic community has put much effort into understanding the causes of arroyo cutting in the late Quaternary and in the modern record (late 1800s), while little effort has gone into understanding how arroyos fill and the sources of this fill. Here, we successfully develop a geographic information system (GIS)-modeled sediment budget that is based on detailed field measurements of hillslope and channel erosion and deposition. Field measurements were made in two arroyo basins draining different lithologies and undergoing different land disturbance (Volcano Hill Wash, 9.30 km<sup>2</sup>; Arroyo Chavez, 2.11 km<sup>2</sup>) over a 3 yr period. Both basins have incised channels that formed in response to the late nineteenth-century incision of the Rio Puerco. Large volumes of sediment were generated during arroyo incision, equal to more than 100 yr of the current annual total sediment load (bed load + suspended load) in each basin. Downstream reaches in both arroyos are presently aggrading, and the main source of the sediment is from channel erosion in upstream reaches and first- and second-order tributaries. The sediment budget shows that channel erosion is the largest source of sediment in the current stage of the arroyo cycle: 98% and 80% of the sediment exported out of Volcano Hill Wash and Arroyo Chavez, respectively. The geomorphic surface most affected by arroyo incision and one of the most important sediment sources is the valley alluvium, where channel erosion, gullying, soil piping, and grazing all occur. Erosion rates calculated for the entire Volcano Hill Wash (-0.26 mm/yr) and Arroyo Chavez (-0.53 mm/yr) basins are higher than the modeled upland erosion rates in each basin, reflecting the large contributions from channel erosion. Erosion rates in each basin are affected by a combination of land disturbance (grazing) and lithology--erodible sandstones and shales in Arroyo Chavez compared with basalt for Volcano Hill Wash. Despite these differences, hillslope sediment yields are similar to long-term denudation rates. As the arroyo fills over time from mouth to headwaters, hillslope sediment becomes a more significant sediment source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gelogical Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B30392.1","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Pavich, M., Ellwein, A., Aby, S., Clark, I., Wieczorek, M., and Viger, R., 2012, Erosion, storage, and transport of sediment in two subbasins of the Rio Puerco, New Mexico: GSA Bulletin, v. 124, no. 5/6, p. 817-841, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30392.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"841","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30392.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Puerco","volume":"124","issue":"5/6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a41e4b0c8380cd52284","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellwein, A.L.","contributorId":83354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellwein","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aby, S.","contributorId":18148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aby","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, I.","contributorId":38766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieczorek, M.E.","contributorId":79260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Viger, R.","contributorId":29191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70038626,"text":"ofr20121100 - 2012 - Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121100","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1100","title":"Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Black Pine Mountains, southeastern Cassia County, Idaho, consist of southern and northern blocks separated by a northeast-trending, high-angle fault. Differences in conodont color alteration values distinguish the two blocks. The southern block has significantly higher organic maturation levels than the northern block and is interpreted to have been thrust northeastward adjacent to the northern block.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121100","usgsCitation":"Smith, F.J., and Wardlaw, B.R., 2012, Conodont color alteration (CAI) as an aid to structural interpretation in the Black Pine Mountains, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1100, iv, 5 p.; XLS Download of Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121100.","productDescription":"iv, 5 p.; XLS Download of Table 1","startPage":"i","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":257262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1100.gif"},{"id":257259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1100/ofr2012-1100.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Black Pine Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9cfe4b0c8380cd4d7bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Fred J. Jr.","contributorId":30864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Fred","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038483,"text":"70038483 - 2012 - Estimating parameters of hidden Markov models based on marked individuals: use of robust design data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038483","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating parameters of hidden Markov models based on marked individuals: use of robust design data","docAbstract":"Development and use of multistate mark-recapture models, which provide estimates of parameters of Markov processes in the face of imperfect detection, have become common over the last twenty years. Recently, estimating parameters of hidden Markov models, where the state of an individual can be uncertain even when it is detected, has received attention. Previous work has shown that ignoring state uncertainty biases estimates of survival and state transition probabilities, thereby reducing the power to detect effects. Efforts to adjust for state uncertainty have included special cases and a general framework for a single sample per period of interest. We provide a flexible framework for adjusting for state uncertainty in multistate models, while utilizing multiple sampling occasions per period of interest to increase precision and remove parameter redundancy. These models also produce direct estimates of state structure for each primary period, even for the case where there is just one sampling occasion. We apply our model to expected value data, and to data from a study of Florida manatees, to provide examples of the improvement in precision due to secondary capture occasions. We also provide user-friendly software to implement these models. This general framework could also be used by practitioners to consider constrained models of particular interest, or model the relationship between within-primary period parameters (e.g., state structure) and between-primary period parameters (e.g., state transition probabilities).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-1538.1","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W.L., White, G.C., Hines, J., Langtimm, C.A., and Yoshizaki, J., 2012, Estimating parameters of hidden Markov models based on marked individuals: use of robust design data: Ecology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 913-920, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1538.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"920","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257270,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1538.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b34e4b0c8380cd52607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":464355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langtimm, Catherine A. 0000-0001-8499-5743 clangtimm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":3045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langtimm","given":"Catherine","email":"clangtimm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yoshizaki, Jun","contributorId":69403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"Jun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038484,"text":"70038484 - 2012 - Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:56:35","indexId":"70038484","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America","docAbstract":"Snowy Plovers (<i>Charadrius nivosus</i>) may be one of the rarest shorebirds in North America yet a comprehensive assessment of their abundance and distribution has not been completed. During 2007 and 2008, 557 discrete wetlands were surveyed and nine additional large wetland complexes sampled in M&eacute;xico and the USA. From these surveys, a population of 23,555 (95% CI = 17,299 &ndash; 29,859) breeding Snowy Plovers was estimated. Combining the estimate with information from areas not surveyed, the total North American population was assessed at 25,869 (95% CI = 18,917 &ndash; 32,173). Approximately 42% of all breeding Snowy Plovers in North America resided at two sites (Great Salt Lake, Utah, and Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma), and 33% of all these were on wetlands in the Great Basin (including Great Salt Lake). Also, coastal habitats in central and southern Texas supported large numbers of breeding plovers. New breeding sites were discovered in interior deserts and highlands and along the Pacific coast of M&eacute;xico; approximately 9% of the North American breeding population occurred in M&eacute;xico. Because of uncertainties about effects of climate change and current stresses to breeding habitats, the species should be a management and conservation priority. Periodic monitoring should be undertaken at important sites to ensure high quality habitat is available to support the Snowy Plover population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"http://www.waterbirds.org/","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0101","usgsCitation":"Thomas, S.M., Lyons, J., Andres, B.A., T-Smith, E.E., Palacios, E., Cavitt, J.F., Royle, J., Fellows, S.D., Maty, K., Howe, W.H., Mellink, E., Melvin, S., and Zimmerman, T., 2012, Population size of snowy plovers breeding in North America: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0101.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474476,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0101","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d90e4b0c8380cd7a010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Susan M.","contributorId":15452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, James E.","contributorId":35461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andres, Brad A.","contributorId":68811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andres","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"T-Smith, Elise Elliot","contributorId":53641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"T-Smith","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"Elliot","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palacios, Eduardo","contributorId":85025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacios","given":"Eduardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cavitt, John F.","contributorId":28112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavitt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fellows, Suzanne D.","contributorId":62873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellows","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Maty, Kendra","contributorId":8324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maty","given":"Kendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Howe, William H.","contributorId":19825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mellink, Eric","contributorId":70632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mellink","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Melvin, Stefani","contributorId":102318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melvin","given":"Stefani","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Zimmerman, Tara","contributorId":23799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Tara","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":464360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70038609,"text":"fs20123072 - 2012 - Landsat: A global land-imaging mission","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70038609,"text":"fs20123072 - 2012 - Landsat: A global land-imaging mission","indexId":"fs20123072","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat: A global land-imaging mission"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70159774,"text":"fs20153081 - 2015 - Landsat—Earth observation satellites","indexId":"fs20153081","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat—Earth observation satellites"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70159774,"text":"fs20153081 - 2015 - Landsat—Earth observation satellites","indexId":"fs20153081","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Landsat—Earth observation satellites"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T11:08:59","indexId":"fs20123072","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3072","title":"Landsat: A global land-imaging mission","docAbstract":"<p>Across four decades since 1972, Landsat satellites have continuously acquired space-based images of the Earth's land surface, coastal shallows, and coral reefs. The Landsat Program, a joint effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), was established to routinely gather land imagery from space. NASA develops remote-sensing instruments and spacecraft, then launches and validates the performance of the instruments and satellites. The USGS then assumes ownership and operation of the satellites, in addition to managing all ground reception, data archiving, product generation, and distribution. The result of this program is a long-term record of natural and human induced changes on the global landscape.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123072","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Landsat: A global land-imaging mission: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3072, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123072.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3072.gif"},{"id":299698,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3072/fs2012-3072.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":257249,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3072/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43f3e4b0c8380cd6670d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038512,"text":"70038512 - 2012 - Amphibians and Reptiles from Paramakatoi and Kato, Guyana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T18:52:38.942242","indexId":"70038512","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1209,"text":"Check List: Journal of Species Lists and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibians and Reptiles from Paramakatoi and Kato, Guyana","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report the herpetofauna of two neighboring upland locations in west-central Guyana. Twenty amphibian and 24 reptile species were collected. Only 40% of amphibians and 12.5% of reptiles were collected in both locations. This is one of the few collections made at upland (750-800 m) locations in the Guiana Shield.</span></p><p><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Centro de Referencia em Informacao Ambiental","doi":"10.15560/8.2.207","usgsCitation":"MacCulloch, R.D., and Reynolds, R.P., 2012, Amphibians and Reptiles from Paramakatoi and Kato, Guyana: Check List: Journal of Species Lists and Distributions, v. 8, no. 2, p. 207-210, https://doi.org/10.15560/8.2.207.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"210","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15560/8.2.207","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guyana","city":"Paramakatoi and Kato","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -60.09521484375,\n              3.7327083213358465\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.24951171874999,\n              3.7327083213358465\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.24951171874999,\n              5.331644153439766\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.09521484375,\n              5.331644153439766\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.09521484375,\n              3.7327083213358465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c7e4b0c8380cd4844e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCulloch, Ross D.","contributorId":14688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCulloch","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Robert P. rpreynolds@usgs.gov","contributorId":3561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Robert","email":"rpreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038514,"text":"70038514 - 2012 - Preliminary checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Baramita, Guyana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T18:46:40.968495","indexId":"70038514","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1208,"text":"Check List","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Baramita, Guyana","docAbstract":"We provide an initial checklist of the herpetofauna of Baramita, a lowland rainforest site in the Northwest Region of Guyana. Twenty-five amphibian and 28 reptile species were collected during two separate dry-season visits. New country records for two species of snakes are documented, contributing to the knowledge on the incompletely known herpetofauna of Guyana.","language":"English","publisher":"Centro de Referencia em Informacao Ambiental","doi":"10.15560/8.2.211","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., and MacCulloch, R., 2012, Preliminary checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Baramita, Guyana: Check List, v. 8, no. 2, p. 211-214, https://doi.org/10.15560/8.2.211.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15560/8.2.211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Guyana","city":"Baramita","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -60.67474365234374,\n              7.13632300679218\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.90570068359375,\n              7.13632300679218\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.90570068359375,\n              7.871543993594737\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.67474365234374,\n              7.871543993594737\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.67474365234374,\n              7.13632300679218\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8353e4b0c8380cd7bed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R.P.","contributorId":104439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCulloch, R.D.","contributorId":52293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCulloch","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038650,"text":"70038650 - 2012 - One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T09:25:10","indexId":"70038650","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii","docAbstract":"In 2012 the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), the oldest of five volcano observatories in the United States, is commemorating the 100th anniversary of its founding. HVO's location, on the rim of Kilauea volcano (Figure 1)&mdash;one of the most active volcanoes on Earth&mdash;has provided an unprecedented opportunity over the past century to study processes associated with active volcanism and develop methods for hazards assessment and mitigation. The scientifically and societally important results that have come from 100 years of HVO's existence are the realization of one man's vision of the best way to protect humanity from natural disasters. That vision was a response to an unusually destructive decade that began the twentieth century, a decade that saw almost 200,000 people killed by the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012EO030001","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., and Poland, M.P., 2012, One hundred years of volcano monitoring in Hawaii: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 3, p. 29-30, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO030001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO030001","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e27e4b0c8380cd754ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038631,"text":"70038631 - 2012 - Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038631","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter","docAbstract":"One of the concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of ultraviolet radiation for treatment of drinking water and wastewater is the fate of nitrate, particularly its photolysis to nitrite. In this study, <sup>15</sup>N NMR was used to establish for the first time that UV irradiation effects the incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). Irradiation of <sup>15</sup>N-labeled nitrate in aqueous solution with an unfiltered medium pressure mercury lamp resulted in the incorporation of nitrogen into Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) via nitrosation and other reactions over a range of pH from approximately 3.2 to 8.0, both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate, confirming photonitrosation of the NOM. The major forms of the incorporated label include nitrosophenol, oxime/nitro, pyridine, nitrile, and amide nitrogens. Natural organic matter also catalyzed the reduction of nitrate to ammonia on irradiation. The nitrosophenol and oxime/nitro nitrogens were found to be susceptible to photodegradation on further irradiation when nitrate was removed from the system. At pH 7.5, unfiltered irradiation resulted in the incorporation of <sup>15</sup>N-labeled nitrite into SRNOM in the form of amide, nitrile, and pyridine nitrogen. In the presence of bicarbonate at pH 7.4, Pyrex filtered (cutoff below 290&ndash;300 nm) irradiation also effected incorporation of nitrite into SRNOM as amide nitrogen. We speculate that nitrosation of NOM from the UV irradiation of nitrate also leads to production of nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide, a process that may be termed photo-chemodenitrification. Irradiation of SRNOM alone resulted in transformation or loss of naturally abundant heterocyclic nitrogens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2011.0335","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., and Cox, L.G., 2012, Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 3, p. 865-881, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0335.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"881","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474475,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0335","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0335","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc0ce4b08c986b3289ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Kevin A. 0000-0003-2236-5193 kathorn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-5193","contributorId":3288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Kevin","email":"kathorn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":3310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Larry","email":"lgcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":464553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038499,"text":"70038499 - 2012 - The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70038499","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges","docAbstract":"Field observations and numerical simulations indicate that the 6-to-30-km-wide mangrove forest along the Gulf Coast of South Florida effectively attenuated stormsurges from a Category 3 hurricane, Wilma, and protected the inland wetland by reducing an inundation area of 1800 km<sup>2</sup> and restricting surge inundation inside the mangrove zone. The surge amplitude decreases at a rate of 40&ndash;50 cm/km across the mangrove forest and at a rate of 20 cm/km across the areas with a mixture of mangrove islands with open water. In contrast, the amplitudes of stormsurges at the front of the mangrove zone increase by about 10&ndash;30% because of the \"blockage\" of mangroves to surge water, which can cause greater impacts on structures at the front of mangroves than the case without mangroves. The mangrove forest can also protect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone against surge inundation from a Category 5 hurricane with a fast forward speed of 11.2 m/s (25 mph). However, the forest cannot fully attenuate stormsurges from a Category 5 hurricane with a slow forward speed of 2.2 m/s (5 mph) and reduced surges can still affect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone. The effects of widths of mangrove zones on reducing surge amplitudes are nonlinear with large reduction rates (15&ndash;30%) for initial width increments and small rates (&lt;5%) for subsequent width increments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021","usgsCitation":"Zhang, K., Liu, H., Li, Y., Xu, H., Shen, J., Rhome, J., and Smith, J., 2012, The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 102-3, p. 11-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257284,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"102-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf80e4b08c986b324845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Keqi","contributorId":41272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Keqi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Huiqing","contributorId":44781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Huiqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Yuepeng","contributorId":23372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Yuepeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, Hongzhou","contributorId":15053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Hongzhou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shen, Jian","contributorId":81242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Jian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rhome, Jamie","contributorId":92097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhome","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, J. III","contributorId":94902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}