{"pageNumber":"1643","pageRowStart":"41050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":5200099,"text":"5200099 - 1994 - The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part II. Seabirds, other terrestrial animals, and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200099","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:21","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":159,"text":"Atoll Research Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 398.","title":"The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part II. Seabirds, other terrestrial animals, and conservation","docAbstract":"conclusion: Lushly wooded Caroline Atoll, with the majority of its 39 islets (399 ha of land) either in near-pristine condition or having recovered remarkably from past disturbance, is one of the least spoiled atolls in the Pacific. Uninhabited, it harbors plant ecosystems and breeding seabirds (Pt. II) of national and international importance. Its marine and terrestrial ecosystems are prime outdoor ecological laboratories for research on geological processes including ground water, sea level changes, the dynamics of motu formation, fish poisoning, and numerous facets of ecology including plant succession and Pisonia growth rates. Caroline boasts prime coral reefs thickly studded with Tridacna clams, substantial numbers of coconut crabs, breeding sites for green turtles, wintering grounds for shorebirds including the rare Bristle-thighed Curlew, ancient Tuamotuan marae, and a crystalline, unpolluted lagoon. The variety, abundance, and quality of its flora and fauna qualify it for status as an officially recognized international preserve (Pt. II, Sect. G). Efforts toward its conservation have thus far been unsuccessful: in 1992 it was leased to a private French businessman who is currently fishing the reefs for commercial profit, as well as disturbing seabird, turtle and coconut crab populations.","language":"English","collaboration":"No. 397 and 398 in one cover, separately paginated, but share overall title","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., Kepler, A., and Ellis, D.H., 1994, The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part II. Seabirds, other terrestrial animals, and conservation: Atoll Research Bulletin No. 398., iii, 61.","productDescription":"iii, 61","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6499c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, A.K.","contributorId":89253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200100,"text":"5200100 - 1994 - The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:21","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":159,"text":"Atoll Research Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 397.","title":"The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions","docAbstract":"conclusion: Lushly wooded Caroline Atoll, with the majority of its 39 islets (399 ha of land) either in near-pristine condition or having recovered remarkably from past disturbance, is one of the least spoiled atolls in the Pacific. Uninhabited, it harbors plant ecosystems and breeding seabirds (Pt. II) of national and international importance. Its marine and terrestrial ecosystems are prime outdoor ecological laboratories for research on geological processes including ground water, sea level changes, the dynamics of motu formation, fish poisoning, and numerous facets of ecology including plant succession and Pisonia growth rates. Caroline boasts prime coral reefs thickly studded with Tridacna clams, substantial numbers of coconut crabs, breeding sites for green turtles, wintering grounds for shorebirds including the rare Bristle-thighed Curlew, ancient Tuamotuan marae, and a crystalline, unpolluted lagoon. The variety, abundance, and quality of its flora and fauna qualify it for status as an officially recognized international preserve (Pt. II, Sect. G). Efforts toward its conservation have thus far been unsuccessful: in 1992 it was leased to a private French businessman who is currently fishing the reefs for commercial profit, as well as disturbing seabird, turtle and coconut crab populations.","language":"English","collaboration":"No. 397 and 398 in one cover, separately paginated, but share overall title","usgsCitation":"Kepler, A., and Kepler, C.B., 1994, The natural history of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands. Part I. History, physiography, botany, and isle descriptions: Atoll Research Bulletin No. 397., xi, 225.","productDescription":"xi, 225","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6499a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, A.K.","contributorId":89253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210760,"text":"5210760 - 1994 - A century of population trends of waterfowl in western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210760","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"A century of population trends of waterfowl in western North America","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., and Springer, P.F., 1994, A century of population trends of waterfowl in western North America, chap. of A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America, p. 134-146.","startPage":"134","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10ee","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jehl, J. R.= Jr.","contributorId":111595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jehl","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.=","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507064,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, N.K.","contributorId":22068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507063,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, P. F.","contributorId":56590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210914,"text":"5210914 - 1994 - Regional waterfowl habitat trends and implications for neotropical birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T11:02:25","indexId":"5210914","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Regional waterfowl habitat trends and implications for neotropical birds","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A workshop to resolve conflicts in the conservation of migratory landbirds in bottomland hardwood forests","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"New Orleans, La.","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., 1994, Regional waterfowl habitat trends and implications for neotropical birds, chap. of A workshop to resolve conflicts in the conservation of migratory landbirds in bottomland hardwood forests, p. 20-24.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634dbb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, Winston P.","contributorId":112718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Winston","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507329,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pashley, David N.","contributorId":112848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashley","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507330,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210902,"text":"5210902 - 1994 - Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5210902,"text":"5210902 - 1994 - Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards","indexId":"5210902","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"5","title":"Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200175,"text":"5200175 - 1994 - Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians","indexId":"5200175","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5200175,"text":"5200175 - 1994 - Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians","indexId":"5200175","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T17:28:59.242787","indexId":"5210902","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards","docAbstract":"

The many individual salamanders, frogs, caecilians, and their larvae encountered during the course of an inventory or monitoring project will have to be identified to species. Depending on the goals and sampling method(s) used, some individuals will be identified from a distance by their calls, others will be handled. At the same time, some will be marked for recapture, and others will be sampled as vouchers. For each, certain minimum data should be recorded. In this section, data pertaining to locality and sampling methodology are considered, information on microhabitats and specimen vouchers is covered in sections that follow. I feel strongly that the data outlined here should be the minimum for any project. Investigators with specific goals may require additional types of data as well.

Standardized, printed sheets containing the required data categories provide a convenient, inexpensive, and effective way to ensure that all the desired information is recorded in a consistent format, Data sheets should be well organized, printed on good-quality paper (75%-100% cotton content) and include extra space (e.g., other side of sheet) for notes that do not fit preestablished categories

Data should be recorded in the field with permanent (waterproof) ink as simply and directly as possible. I strongly recommend against the use of data codes in the field; it is too easy to forget codes or to enter the wrong code. Original data sheets can be photocopied for security, but they should not be copied by hand. If data are to be coded for computer analysis, the original or photocopied sheets should be used for data entry to minimize transcription errors. Some workers prefer recording information on small tape recorders; this also works well if a list of the standard data categories is checked during taping to ensure that all required information is recorded. Information recorded on tapes should be transcribed to data sheets or into a computer within 24 hours of the sample.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Books","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"McDiarmid, R.W., 1994, Keys to a successful project: Associated data and planning: Data standards, chap. 5 of Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians, p. 57-60.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"This is a section within Chapter 5 of the book Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: Standard methods for amphibians","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Heyer, W. Ronald","contributorId":95004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ronald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507303,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly, Maureen A.","contributorId":112014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDiarmid, Roy W. 0000-0002-7649-1796 rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-1796","contributorId":3603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Roy","email":"rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":507300,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayek, Lee-Ann C.","contributorId":16730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayek","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507301,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, Mercedes S.","contributorId":72088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Mercedes","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507302,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"McDiarmid, Roy W. 0000-0002-7649-1796 rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-1796","contributorId":3603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Roy","email":"rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77096,"text":"wsp2442 - 1994 - Calculation of a Water Budget and Delineation of Contributing Sources to Drainflows in the Western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:12","indexId":"wsp2442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2442","title":"Calculation of a Water Budget and Delineation of Contributing Sources to Drainflows in the Western San Joaquin Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wsp2442","isbn":"9789996429316","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., 1994, Calculation of a Water Budget and Delineation of Contributing Sources to Drainflows in the Western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2442, 85 p., 19 figs, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2442.","productDescription":"85 p., 19 figs","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f96bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29307,"text":"wri944010 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and the distribution and origin of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, southeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T19:50:51.755815","indexId":"wri944010","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4010","displayTitle":"Hydrogeology and the Distribution and Origin of Salinity in the Floridan Aquifer System, Southeastern Florida","title":"Hydrogeology and the distribution and origin of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, southeastern Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system in southeastern Florida consists of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the middle confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer. An upper zone of brackish water and a lower zone of water with a salinity similar to that of seawater are present in the Floridan aquifer system. The brackish-water zone is defined as that in which water has a dissolved-solids concentration of less than 10,000 milligrams per liter (chloride concentration less than about 5,240 milligrams per liter), and water in the the saline-water zone has a dissolved solids concentration of about 35,000 milligrams per liter (about 18,900 milligrams per liter chloride concentration). The brackish-water and saline-water zones are separated by a transitional zone, typically 100 feet thick, in which salinity increases abruptly with depth. The base of the brackish-water zone lies within the Upper Floridan aquifer along the coast but extends into the middle confining unit inland. The brackish- water zone is as much as 1,200 feet thick inland, whereas the Upper Floridart aquifer is typically 500 to 600 feet thick. Changes in lithology or permeability do not usually control the position of the boundary between the brackish-water and saline-water zones. Calculations of the depth of a brackish-water and saline-water interface using the Ghyben-Herzberg relation show good agreement between calculated and actual positions of the interface, indicating equilibrium between the zones. Several areas of high salinity with chloride concentrations greater than 3,000 milligrams per liter are present in the upper interval of the brackish-water zone near the coast, and in one of these areas in northeastern Broward County, salinity decreases with depth from the upper to lower interval. The high salinities could be a result of seawater preferentially encroaching into zones of higher permeability in the Upper Flofidan aquifer during Pleistocene high stands of sea level and incomplete flushing of the seawater by the present-day flow system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944010","usgsCitation":"Reese, R.S., 1994, Hydrogeology and the distribution and origin of salinity in the Floridan aquifer system, southeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4010, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944010.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124968,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415728,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47923.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4010/wri944010.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 94-4010"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81,\n 25.125\n ],\n [\n -80.0656,\n 25.125\n ],\n [\n -80.0656,\n 26.333\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 26.333\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 25.125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47b3e4b07f02db49e8c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reese, Ronald S. rsreese@usgs.gov","contributorId":1090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Ronald","email":"rsreese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017066,"text":"70017066 - 1994 - Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 1. Sequence of formation and elevational distribution of carbonate deposits (Tufas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T16:23:11.970737","indexId":"70017066","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 1. Sequence of formation and elevational distribution of carbonate deposits (Tufas)","docAbstract":"

During the late Quaternary, the elevation of terrace cutting and carbonate deposition in the Pyramid Lake subbasin were controlled by constancy of lake level imposed by spill to adjoining subbasins. Sill elevations are 1177-1183 m (Mud Lake Slough Sill), 1207 m (Emerson Pass Sill), and 1265 m (Darwin Pass Sill). Carbonate deposition was favored by: (1) hydrologic closure, (2) proximity to a source of calcium, (3) elevated water temperature, and (4) a solid substrate. The thickness and aspect of tufa are a function of lake-level dynamics. Relatively thin sheets and pendant sheets were deposited during a rising or falling lake. The upper parts of thick reef-form tufas have a horizontal aspect and were deposited in a lake which was stabilized by spill to the Carson Desert subbasin. The lower parts of the reef-form tufas are thinner and their outer surface has a vertical aspect, indicating that the lower part formed in a receding lake. The thickest and most complete sequences of tufa are mounds that border the Pyramid Lake shore. The tops of the tallest mounds reach the elevation of the Darwin Pass Sill and many mounds have been eroded to the elevations of the Mud Lake Slough Sill of the Emerson Pass Sill. The sequence of tufa formation (from oldest to youngest) displayed in these mounds is: (1) a beachrock containing carbonate-cemented volcanic cobbles, (2) broken and eroded old spheroids that contain thinolitic tufa and an outer rind of dense laminated tufa, (3) large cylindrical (tubular) tufas capped by (4) coatings of old dense tufas, and (5) several generations of old branching tufa commonly associated with thin, platy tufas and coatings of thinolitic tufa, (6) young spheroids that contain poorly oriented young thinolitic tufa in the center and several generations of radially oriented young thinolitic tufas near the outer edge, (7) a transitional thinolite-to-branching tufa, (8) two or more layers of young branching tufa, (9) a 0.5-cm-thick layer of fine-grained dolomite, (10) a 2-cm-thick layer of young dense laminated tufa, (11) a 0.1-cm-thick layer of encrusting tufa that was covered by a beach deposit and (12) a 1.0-cm-thick layer of porous encrusting tufa that coated the beach deposit and the sides of tufa mounds.

The elevational ranges of the principal varieties of tufa are not related to terrace or spill elevations. It seems likely that the distribution of tufa varieties is related to variation in the thermal structure or chemistry of Lake Lahontan. It is hypothesized that the thinolitic tufa (ikaite) formed in the near freezing hypolimnion and the braching tufa (calcite) formed in the seasonally warmer epiliminion of the lake. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(94)90118-X","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., 1994, Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 1. Sequence of formation and elevational distribution of carbonate deposits (Tufas): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 109, no. 1, p. 55-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)90118-X.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"87","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pyramid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.88934750927744,\n 40.47555103842717\n ],\n [\n -119.88934750927744,\n 38.998121606637426\n ],\n [\n -118.83446686123932,\n 38.998121606637426\n ],\n [\n -118.83446686123932,\n 40.47555103842717\n ],\n [\n -119.88934750927744,\n 40.47555103842717\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f36de4b0c8380cd4b7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017672,"text":"70017672 - 1994 - Optimization of wide-angle seismic signal-to-noise ratios and P-wave transmission in Kenya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T15:26:08.682857","indexId":"70017672","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimization of wide-angle seismic signal-to-noise ratios and P-wave transmission in Kenya","docAbstract":"

In previous refraction and wide-angle reflection experiments in the Kenya Rift there were problems with poor signal-noise ratios which made good seismic interpretation difficult. Careful planning and preparation for KRISP 90 has substantially overcome these problems and produced excellent seismic sections in a difficult environment. Noise levels were minimized by working, as far as possible, at times of the day when conditions were quiet, while source signals were optimized by using dispersed charges in water where it was available and waterfilled boreholes in most cases where it was not. Seismic coupling at optimum depth in water has been found to be more than 100 times greater than it is in a borehole in dry loosely compacted material. Allowing for the source coupling, a very marked difference has been found between the observation ranges in the rift and those on the flanks, where the observation ranges are greater. These appear to indicate a significant difference in seismic transmission through the two types of crust.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(94)90169-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Jacob, A., Vees, R., Braile, L., and Criley, E., 1994, Optimization of wide-angle seismic signal-to-noise ratios and P-wave transmission in Kenya: Tectonophysics, v. 236, no. 1-4, p. 61-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)90169-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 33.84835982768135,\n 4.589835209336101\n ],\n [\n 34.97350511612838,\n 2.157984265013681\n ],\n [\n 33.84836342317212,\n -0.8692356015059062\n ],\n [\n 37.69224454273362,\n -3.184141603883866\n ],\n [\n 39.312260914405755,\n -4.7644924282297865\n ],\n [\n 41.49334297738008,\n -1.9241773061474206\n ],\n [\n 41.0089848360293,\n 1.01936787901192\n ],\n [\n 40.9708095573062,\n 2.7300869074986007\n ],\n [\n 41.78409353382713,\n 3.960568797355279\n ],\n [\n 40.75060236753917,\n 4.395291070154663\n ],\n [\n 35.2460314303603,\n 4.952282985685212\n ],\n [\n 33.84835982768135,\n 4.589835209336101\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"236","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ef7e4b0c8380cd758b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacob, A.W.B.","contributorId":82474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacob","given":"A.W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vees, R.","contributorId":16164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vees","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braile, L.W.","contributorId":85332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braile","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criley, E.","contributorId":51916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017008,"text":"70017008 - 1994 - Late Pliocene climate change 3.4-2.3 Ma: paleoceanographic record from the Yabuta Formation, Sea of Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T16:39:16.834823","indexId":"70017008","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pliocene climate change 3.4-2.3 Ma: paleoceanographic record from the Yabuta Formation, Sea of Japan","docAbstract":"

Late Pliocene paleoceanographic changes in the Sea of Japan between 3.4 and2.3 Ma were investigated through study of molluscs, diatoms, and ostracodes from the Yabuta Formation in Toyama Prefecture. The period 3.4-2.7 Ma was characterized by relatively high sea level and cool water benthic faunas. A progressive paleoceanographic shift towards colder oceanic conditions and lower sea level occurred beginning near 2.7 Ma, intensifying about 2.5 Ma, when important changes in ostracode and molluscan faunas occurred. Between 2.7 and 2.3 Ma, eight glacial events can be inferred based on drops in sea level of 50-60 m and increasing proportions of cold, shallow water ostracode species whose modern ecology and zoogeography indicate colder winter water temperatures (3-4??C). The glacial events between 2.5 and 2.3 Ma were the most intense.

Preliminary interpretation of the faunal and oceanographic events of the Yabuta Formation suggests that they correspond to Northern Hemispheric cooling also known from North Atlantic deep-sea oxygen isotope, IRD, and planktic foraminiferal records, North Pacific diatom and radiolarian record, and the Chinese loess sequences. The eight glacial events may record a 41,000-yr obliquity cycle which characterized other late Pliocene climate proxy records. Inferred sea level drops near 2.5-2.3 Ma of about 50-60 m provide direct evidence from an ocean margin setting that supports deep sea oxygen isotopic evidence indicating major changes in global ice volume changes. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(94)90245-3","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Kitamura, A., Ikeya, N., Watanabe, M.E., and Kamiya, T., 1994, Late Pliocene climate change 3.4-2.3 Ma: paleoceanographic record from the Yabuta Formation, Sea of Japan: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 108, no. 3-4, p. 437-455, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(94)90245-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"455","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Sea of Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 140.94390917306583,\n 50.96963527374413\n ],\n [\n 136.67388183863352,\n 44.82951849359782\n ],\n [\n 131.22004425625613,\n 42.48563815675846\n ],\n [\n 127.24320076426045,\n 39.94943292012918\n ],\n [\n 129.3541114991189,\n 37.17262365238884\n ],\n [\n 129.80409778540383,\n 33.99505683710012\n ],\n [\n 134.79939777831402,\n 35.83333090510102\n ],\n [\n 139.63942735407568,\n 38.34912254724213\n ],\n [\n 141.93014612333832,\n 51.606702615964736\n ],\n [\n 140.94390917306583,\n 50.96963527374413\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a451ce4b0c8380cd67046","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitamura, A.","contributorId":63964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitamura","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ikeya, Noriyuki","contributorId":101026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikeya","given":"Noriyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamiya, T.","contributorId":19302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamiya","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33086,"text":"wri944026 - 1994 - Multiple flow processes accompanying a dam-break flood in a small upland watershed, Centralia, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-09T13:56:56","indexId":"wri944026","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4026","title":"Multiple flow processes accompanying a dam-break flood in a small upland watershed, Centralia, Washington","docAbstract":"On October 5, 1991, following 35 consecutive days of dry weather, a 105-meter long, 37-meter wide, 5.2-meter deep concrete-lined watersupply reservoir on a hillside in the eastern edge of Centralia, Washington, suddenly failed, sending 13,250 cubic meters of water rushing down a small, steep tributary channel into the city. Two houses were destroyed, several others damaged, mud and debris were deposited in streets, on lawns, and in basements over four city blocks, and 400 people were evacuated. The cause of failure is believed to have been a sliding failure along a weak seam or joint in the siltstone bedrock beneath the reservoir, possibly triggered by increased seepage into the rock foundation through continued deterioration of concrete panel seams, and a slight rise (0.6 meters) in the pool elevation. A second adjacent reservoir containing 18,900 cubic meters of water also drained, but far more slowly, when a 41-cm diameter connecting pipe was broken by the landslide. The maximum discharge resulting from the dam-failure was about 71 cubic meters per second. A reconstructed hydrograph based on the known reservoir volume and calculated peak discharge indicates the flood duration was about 6.2 minutes. Sedimentologic evidence, high-water mark distribution, and landforms preserved in the valley floor indicate that the dam failure flood consisted of two flow phases: an initial debris flow that deposited coarse bouldery sediment along the slope-area reach as it lost volume, followed soon after by a water-flood that achieved a stage about one-half meter higher than the debris flow. The Centralia dam failure is one of three constructed dams destroyed by rapid foundation failure that defines the upper limits of an envelope curve of peak flood discharge as a function of potential energy for failed constructed dams worldwide.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944026","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1994, Multiple flow processes accompanying a dam-break flood in a small upland watershed, Centralia, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4026, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944026.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri944026.jpg"},{"id":3287,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":288177,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4026/pdf/WRI-94-4026.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Centralia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,45.708333 ], [ -123.0,45.75 ], [ -122.916667,45.75 ], [ -122.916667,45.708333 ], [ -123.0,45.708333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b489a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, John E.","contributorId":105743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33076,"text":"wri944075 - 1994 - An updated numerical simulation of the ground-water flow system for the Castle Lake debris dam, Mount St. Helens, Washington, and implications for dam stability against heave","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:35:55","indexId":"wri944075","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4075","title":"An updated numerical simulation of the ground-water flow system for the Castle Lake debris dam, Mount St. Helens, Washington, and implications for dam stability against heave","docAbstract":"A numerical simulation of the ground-water flow system in the Castle Lake debris dam, calibrated to data from the 1991 and 1992 water years, was used to estimate factors of safety against heave and internal erosion. The Castle Lake debris dam, 5 miles northwest of the summit of Mount St. Helens, impounds 19,000 acre-ft of water that could pose a flood hazard in the event of a lake breakout. A new topographic map of the Castle Lake area prior to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was prepared and used to calculate the thickness of the debris avalanche deposits that compose the dam. Water levels in 22 piezometers and discharges from seeps on the dam face measured several times per year beginning in 1990 supplemented measurements in 11 piezometers and less frequent seep discharge measurements made since 1983. Observations in one group of piezometers reveal heads above the land surface and head gradients favoring upward flow that correspond to factors of safety only slightly greater than 2. The steady-state ground-water flow system in the debris dam was simulated using a threedimensional finite difference computer program. A uniform, isotropic model having the same shape as the dam and a hydraulic conductivity of 1.55 ft/day simulates the correct water level at half the observation points, but is in error by 10 ft or more at other points. Spatial variations of hydraulic conductivity were required to calibrate the model. The model analysis suggests that ground water flows in both directions between the debris dam and Castle Lake. Factors of safety against heave and internal erosion were calculated where the model simulated upward flow of ground water. A critical gradient analysis yields factors of safety as low as 2 near the piezometers where water level observations indicate low factors of safety. Low safety factors are also computed near Castle Creek where slumping was caused by a storm in January, 1990. If hydraulic property contrasts are present in areas of the debris dam unsampled by piezometers, then low safety factors may exist that are not evident in the numerical model analysis. Numerical model simulations showed that lowering Castle Lake by 40 feet increases many factors of safety by 0.1, but increases greater than 1 are limited to the area of 1990 slumping.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944075","usgsCitation":"Roeloffs, E.A., 1994, An updated numerical simulation of the ground-water flow system for the Castle Lake debris dam, Mount St. Helens, Washington, and implications for dam stability against heave: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4075, vii, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944075.","productDescription":"vii, 80 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":372517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4075/pdf/wri944075.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Castle Lake, Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 46.1322667089571\n ],\n [\n -122.06359863281249,\n 46.1322667089571\n ],\n [\n -122.06359863281249,\n 46.382938567526786\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 46.382938567526786\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 46.1322667089571\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db68412a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeloffs, Evelyn A. 0000-0002-4761-0469 evelynr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0469","contributorId":2680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"Evelyn","email":"evelynr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":511137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5302,"text":"fs01095 - 1994 - United States Geological Survey, Programs in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T13:20:12","indexId":"fs01095","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered 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No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs03895","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, United States Geological Survey, Programs in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 038-95, [4] p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03895.","productDescription":"[4] p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31999,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0038/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wid/html/pa.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0038/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23682,"text":"ofr9470 - 1994 - Overview of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"ofr9470","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-70","title":"Overview of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"The Nation's water resources are the basis for life and our economic vitality. These resources support a complex web of human activities and fishery and wildlife needs that depend upon clean water. Demands for good-quality water for drinking, recreation, farming, and industry are rising, and as a result, the American public is concerned about the condition and sustainability of our water resources. The American public is asking: Is it safe to swim in and drink water from our rivers or lakes? Can we eat the fish that come from them? Is our ground water polluted? Is water quality degrading with time, and if so, why? Has all the money we've spent to clean up our waters, done any good? The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program was designed to provide information that will help answer these questions. NAWQA is designed to assess historical, current, and future water-quality conditions in representative river basins and aquifers nationwide. One of the primary objectives of the program is to describe relations between natural factors, human activities, and water-quality conditions and to define those factors that most affect water quality in different parts of the Nation. The linkage of water quality to environmental processes is of fundamental importance to water-resource managers, planners, and policy makers. It provides a strong and unbiased basis for better decisionmaking by those responsible for making decisions that affect our water resources, including the United States Congress, Federal, State, and local agencies, environmental groups, and industry. Information from the NAWQA Program also will be useful for guiding research, monitoring, and regulatory activities in cost effective ways.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9470","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Leahy, P., and Thompson, T.H., 1994, Overview of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-70, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9470.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/ofr-94-070/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260309,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0070/report.pdf"},{"id":260310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leahy, P.P.","contributorId":104896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leahy","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T. H.","contributorId":23927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19642,"text":"ofr94616 - 1994 - High-resolution single-channel seismic reflection surveys of Orange Lake and other selected sites of north central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr94616","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-616","title":"High-resolution single-channel seismic reflection surveys of Orange Lake and other selected sites of north central Florida","docAbstract":"The potential fluid exchange between lakes of north central Florida and the Floridan aquifer and the process by which exchange occurs is of critical concern to the St. Johns Water Management District. High-resolution seismic tools with relatively new digital technology were utilized in collecting geophysical data from Orange, Kingsley, Lowry and Magnolia Lakes, and the Drayton Island area of St. Johns River. The data collected shows the application of these techniques in understanding the formation of individual lakes, thus aiding in the management of these natural resources by identifying breaches or areas where the confining units are thin or absent between the water bodies and the Floridan aquifer. \r\n\r\nOrange Lake, the primary focus of the study, is a shallow flooded plain that was formed essentially as an erosional depression in the clayey Hawthorn formation. The primary karstic features identified in the lake were cover subsidence, cover collapse and buried sinkholes structures in various sizes and stages of development. Orange Lake was divided into three areas southeast, southwest, and north-central. \r\n\r\nKarst features within the southeast area of Orange Lake are mostly cover subsidence sinkholes and associated features. Many of the subsidence features found are grouped together to form larger composite sinkholes, some greater than 400 m in diameter. The size of these composite sinkholes and the number of buried subsidence sinkholes distinguish the southeast area from the others. The potential of lake waters leaking to the aquifer in the southeast area is probably controlled by the permeability of the cover sediments or by fractures that penetrate the lake floor. \r\n\r\nThe lake bottom and subsurface of the north-central areas are relatively subsidence sinkholes that have no cover sediments overlying them, implying that the sinks have been actively subsiding with some seepage into the aquifer from the lake in this area due to the possible presence of the active subsidence and faulting. \r\n\r\nThe largest and most important features in the lake are the collapse sinkholes found along the southwestern shore that provide conduits for exchange between the lake and subsurface aquifer. There are two basic differences between the southwest and other areas of the lake: (1) the features found towards the central part of the lake are smaller in scale (1to 10 m across) and tend to be singular structures compare to the southwest area where features combined to form larger sinkholes (>400 m), and; (2) the southwest area is the only site where collapse dolines were identified. These dolines are located along the southwestern shoreline adjacent to Heagy-Burry Park. \r\n\r\nThe comparison of seismic profiles from the several other selected lake and river sites to the Orange Lake profiles showed that other study areas were constructed of one or two large subsidences or a combination of sinkholes to form one large sinkhole. Aside from the difference in scale the basic characteristics of the subsidence sinkholes were similar.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94616","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J.L., Davis, J.B., and Flocks, J.G., 1994, High-resolution single-channel seismic reflection surveys of Orange Lake and other selected sites of north central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-616, vi, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94616.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152112,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1128,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/stjohns/ofr616/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f075","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":181258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":50168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189321,"text":"70189321 - 1994 - Two-dimensional advective transport in nonlinear regression; sensitivities and uncertainty of plume-front observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T10:19:55","indexId":"70189321","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Two-dimensional advective transport in nonlinear regression; sensitivities and uncertainty of plume-front observations","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: 1994 Groundwater Modeling Conference, August 10-12, 1994, Colorado State University Campus, Fort Collins, Colorado","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1994 Groundwater Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"August 10-12, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Colorado State University Campus","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E., Hill, M.C., and Poeter, E.P., 1994, Two-dimensional advective transport in nonlinear regression; sensitivities and uncertainty of plume-front observations, chap. of Proceedings: 1994 Groundwater Modeling Conference, August 10-12, 1994, Colorado State University Campus, Fort Collins, Colorado, p. 55-62.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"55","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965e3aee4b0d1f9f05c1d93","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warner, James W.","contributorId":106119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704175,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Heijde, Paul","contributorId":194449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Heijde","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704176,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, E.R.","contributorId":62241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32232,"text":"ofr94313 - 1994 - Water fact sheet; evolution of sediment yield from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T14:33:53","indexId":"ofr94313","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-313","title":"Water fact sheet; evolution of sediment yield from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-1993","docAbstract":"The most enduring geological consequence of the eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, on May 18, 1980, and the most costly single element in the recovery effort, has been the persistent downstream sedimentation caused by erosion of the approximately 3 cubic kilometers (km3) of sediment deposited on the landscape surrounding the volcano. Most of the sediment was associated with the emplacement of a 2.8 km3 debris avalanche in the upper part of the watershed of the North Fork Toutle River, and debris flows in the channels of the South Fork Toutle River, Pine Creek, Swift Creek, and Muddy River. An additional 0.2-0.3 km3 of volcanic material was emplaced by pyroclastic flows, blasts, and ash fall. Part of this vast quantity of volcaniclastic sediment has been subsequently eroded by runoff and streamflow. This brief report summarizes the changes in sediment yield at five locations around Mount St. Helens in the first 13 years following the May 18, 1980 eruption.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94313","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1994, Water fact sheet; evolution of sediment yield from Mount St. Helens, Washington, 1980-1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-313, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94313.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3195,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr94313.jpg"},{"id":288119,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0313/pdf/OF1994-0313.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,46.0 ], [ -123.0,46.5 ], [ -121.75,46.5 ], [ -121.75,46.0 ], [ -123.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, John E.","contributorId":105743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6611,"text":"fs07294 - 1994 - Environmental Geochemistry of Mercury Mines in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:53","indexId":"fs07294","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"072-94","title":"Environmental Geochemistry of Mercury Mines in Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs07294","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, Environmental Geochemistry of Mercury Mines in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 072-94, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07294.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_072_94.jpg"},{"id":914,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0072-94/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60258b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32062,"text":"ofr94327 - 1994 - Design of the Distributed Spatial Data Library (DSDL) for the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:20:32","indexId":"ofr94327","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-327","title":"Design of the Distributed Spatial Data Library (DSDL) for the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr94327","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Nebert, D., 1994, Design of the Distributed Spatial Data Library (DSDL) for the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-327, 27 p. one 3 1/2 inch DS/HD IBM compatible computer diskette., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94327.","productDescription":"27 p. one 3 1/2 inch DS/HD IBM compatible computer diskette.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0327/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0327/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277706,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0327/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nebert, D.D.","contributorId":62623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nebert","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20428,"text":"ofr94540 - 1994 - Quality of surface and ground water in the White Creek and Mossy Creek watersheds, White County, Georgia, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T21:30:02.794402","indexId":"ofr94540","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-540","title":"Quality of surface and ground water in the White Creek and Mossy Creek watersheds, White County, Georgia, 1992-93","docAbstract":"Surface- and ground-water quality data were collected and evaluated from streams and wells in the White Creek and Mossy Creek watersheds in White County, Georgia, during three sampling periods in 1992 and 1993, to identify stream reaches and wells affected by nonpoint-source contaminants. Livestock operations in these watersheds account for approximately 9.8 million tons of manure per year, which is spread over about 5,000 acres of pasture and cropland in the watersheds. White Creek and Mossy Creek are tributaries of the Chattahoochee River which flows into Lake Sidney Lanier. Lake Sidney Lanier and the Chattahoochee River downstream from the lake are the primary sources of drinking water for the Atlanta Metropolitan area and numerous smaller communities downstream of Atlanta.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from 31 stream sites during baseflow and stormwater-runoff conditions and from 8 shallow wells completed in the regolith and 16 deeper wells completed in the crystalline bedrock. All water samples were analyzed for the nutrients ammonia, nitrite plus nitrate, and orthophosphate. None of the surface-water samples from either sampling period had concentrations of these constituents that exceed the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division (EPD), drinking-water standards. Generally, in both watersheds, the streamwater temperature was cool, specific conductance low, dissolved oxygen high, and pH near neutral. Ground-water samples collected from 8 shallow regolith wells and the 16 deep bedrock wells had nutrient concentrations below EPD drinking-water standards, except for two of the deep bedrock wells with nitrite plus nitrate concentrations slightly above the 10 mg/L drinking-water standard of EPD.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94540","usgsCitation":"Peck, M., and Garrett, J.W., 1994, Quality of surface and ground water in the White Creek and Mossy Creek watersheds, White County, Georgia, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-540, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94540.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1111,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/ofr94-540/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407370,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12555.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"White County","otherGeospatial":"Mossy Creek, White Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.792,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -83.792,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -83.625,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -83.625,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -83.792,\n 34.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db6422d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, Jerry W. 0000-0003-1772-2459 jwgarret@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-2459","contributorId":58627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"Jerry","email":"jwgarret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27514,"text":"wri914187 - 1994 - Ground-water flow simulation of the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-12T00:10:15","indexId":"wri914187","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4187","title":"Ground-water flow simulation of the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;USGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914187","usgsCitation":"Hansen, A.J., Vaccaro, J.J., and Bauer, H.H., 1994, Ground-water flow simulation of the Columbia Plateau regional aquifer system, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4187, vi, 81 p. :ill., maps (chiefly col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914187.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p. :ill., maps (chiefly col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56359,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56360,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56361,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56362,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56363,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56364,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56365,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56366,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56367,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56368,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56369,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56370,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56371,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56372,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56373,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66903f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, A. J. Jr.","contributorId":29840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, H. H.","contributorId":85142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25851,"text":"wri944183 - 1994 - Water quality of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and Ocmulgee River Basins related to flooding from Tropical Storm Alberto; pesticides in urban and agricultural watersheds; and nitrate and pesticides in ground water, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T14:35:53.676137","indexId":"wri944183","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4183","title":"Water quality of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and Ocmulgee River Basins related to flooding from Tropical Storm Alberto; pesticides in urban and agricultural watersheds; and nitrate and pesticides in ground water, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida","docAbstract":"This report presents preliminary water-quality information from three studies that are part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River basin and the adjacent Ocmulgee River basin. During the period July 3-7, 1994, heavy rainfall from tropical storm Alberto caused record flooding on the Ocmulgee and Flint Rivers and several of their tributaries. Much of the nitrogen load transported during the flooding was as organic nitrogen generally derived from organic detritus, rather than nitrate derived from other sources, such as fertilizer. More than half the mean annual loads of total phosphorus and organic nitrogen were trans- ported in the Flint and Ocmulgee Rivers during the flood. Fourteen herbicides, five insecticides, and one fungicide were detected in floodwaters of the Ocmulgee, Flint, and Apalachicola Rivers. In a second study, water samples were collected at nearly weekly intervals from March 1993 through April 1994 from one urban and two agricultural watersheds in the ACF River basin, and analyzed for 84 commonly used pesticides. More pesticides were detected and at generally higher concentrations in water from the urban watershed than the agricultural water- sheds, and a greater number of pesticides were persistent throughout much of the year in the urban watershed. Simazine exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking-water standards in one of 57 samples from the urban watershed. In a third study, 38 wells were installed in surficial aquifers adjacent to and downgradient of farm fields within agricultural areas in the southern ACF River basin. Even though regional aquifers are generally used for irrigation and domestic- and public-water supplies, degradation of water quality in the surficial aquifers serves as an early warning of potential contamination of regional aquifers. Nitrate concentrations were less than 3 mg/L as N (indicating minimal effect of human activities) in water from about two-thirds of the wells. Water from the remaining wells had elevated nitrate con- centrations, probably the result of human activity. Nitrate concentrations in two of these wells exceeded EPA drinking-water standards. Water samples from eight wells had pesticide concentrations above method detection limits. With the exception of two samples for shallow ground-water wells and one surface-water sample from the urban watershed, concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and detected pesticides were below EPA standards and guidelines for drinking water. However, concentrations of the insecticides chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon in the surface-water samples approached or exceeded guidelines for protection of aquatic life.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944183","usgsCitation":"Hippe, D., Wangsness, D., Frick, E.A., and Garrett, J., 1994, Water quality of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and Ocmulgee River Basins related to flooding from Tropical Storm Alberto; pesticides in urban and agricultural watersheds; and nitrate and pesticides in ground water, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4183, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944183.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48058.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4183/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54594,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin, Ocmulgee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 30.05483122485245\n ],\n [\n -84.2926025390625,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -84.5947265625,\n 29.668962525992505\n ],\n [\n -85.0286865234375,\n 29.52567042617583\n ],\n [\n -85.25390625,\n 29.544787796199465\n ],\n [\n -85.4681396484375,\n 29.64509464986076\n ],\n [\n -85.41320800781249,\n 29.926374178635736\n ],\n [\n -85.63293457031249,\n 30.206861065952626\n ],\n [\n -85.69885253906249,\n 30.74655686277364\n ],\n [\n -85.704345703125,\n 32.35212281198644\n ],\n [\n -85.48461914062499,\n 33.78371305547283\n ],\n [\n -84.93530273437499,\n 34.3570416007607\n ],\n [\n -84.385986328125,\n 34.32529192442733\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 34.80929324176267\n ],\n [\n -83.858642578125,\n 35.07946034047981\n ],\n [\n -83.55102539062499,\n 34.755153088189324\n ],\n [\n -83.79272460937499,\n 34.03900467904445\n ],\n [\n -83.25439453125,\n 32.98102014898148\n ],\n [\n -83.22143554687499,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -82.58422851562499,\n 31.89155061268434\n ],\n [\n -82.8533935546875,\n 31.760866951379523\n ],\n [\n -83.2598876953125,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -83.60321044921875,\n 31.97779358935154\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -83.94653320312499,\n 32.15236189465577\n ],\n [\n -84.0289306640625,\n 32.04998888314202\n ],\n [\n -84.0069580078125,\n 31.62532121329918\n ],\n [\n -84.26513671874999,\n 31.10468529375847\n ],\n [\n -84.715576171875,\n 30.840931139029887\n ],\n [\n -84.276123046875,\n 30.05483122485245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hippe, D. J.","contributorId":83951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hippe","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wangsness, D. J.","contributorId":54208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frick, E. A.","contributorId":61840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrett, J.W.","contributorId":87958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6820,"text":"fs07094 - 1994 - Nitrate in ground water in the western Lake Michigan drainage basin, Wisconsin and Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T10:07:35","indexId":"fs07094","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"070-94","title":"Nitrate in ground water in the western Lake Michigan drainage basin, Wisconsin and Michigan","docAbstract":"

In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey began the nationwide implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The long-term goals of the NAWQA Program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources and to provide a sound, scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources. The program (as currently planned) consists of 60 study-unit investigations that include parts of most major river basins and aquifer systems in the country. The Western Lake Michigan Drainage Basin encompasses a 20,000-square-mile area in eastern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan that drains to Lake Michigan and Green Bay (fig. 1).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs07094","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., 1994, Nitrate in ground water in the western Lake Michigan drainage basin, Wisconsin and Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 070-94, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07094.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34158,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":836,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-070-94/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.68212890625,\n 45.75219336063106\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 46.255846818480336\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 46.65697731621612\n ],\n [\n -88.099365234375,\n 46.7774927637683\n ],\n [\n -88.29711914062499,\n 46.807579571992385\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 45.29034662473615\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -89.84619140625,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -89.417724609375,\n 42.512601715736665\n ],\n [\n -87.78076171875,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 42.53689200787317\n ],\n [\n -86.561279296875,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n -86.68212890625,\n 45.75219336063106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27538,"text":"wri944102 - 1994 - Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri944102","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4102","title":"Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Travertine District (Park) of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, operated and maintained by the National Park Service, is near the City of Sulphur in south-central Oklahoma. The Park was established in 1902 because of its unique hydrologic setting, which includes Rock Creek, Travertine Creek, numerous mineralized and freshwater springs, and a dense cover of riparian vegetation. Since the turn of the century several flowing artesian wells have been drilled within and adjacent to the Park. Discharge from many of these springs and the numbers of flowing wells have declined substantially during the past 86 years. To determine the cause of these declines, a better understanding of the hydrologic system must be obtained. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, has appraised hydrologic information obtained for the Park from several studies conducted during 1902-87.\r\n\r\nThe principal geologic units referred to in this report are the Arbuckle Group and the overlying Simpson Group. These rocks are of Upper Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age and are composed of dolomitic limestone, with some sandstones and shales in the Simpson Group. Surface geologic maps give a general understanding of the regional subsurface geology, but information about the subsurface geology within the Park is poor.\r\n\r\nThe Simpson and Arbuckle aquifers are the principal aquifers in the study area. The two aquifers are not differentiated readily in some parts of the study area because of the similarity of the Simpson and Arbuckle rocks; thus, both water-bearing units are referred to frequently as the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. The aquifers are confined under the Park, but are unconfined east and south of the Park. Precipitation on the outcrop area of the Arbuckle aquifer northeast and east of the Park recharges the freshwater springs (Antelope and Buffalo Springs) near the east boundary of the Park. The source of water from mineralized springs located in the central part of the Park, and flowing wells within and north of the Park, is believed to be a mix of waters from rocks of the Arbuckle and Simpson Groups. The source of water from two highly mineralized springs, Bromide and Medicine, that ceased to flow in the early 1970?s is believed to be from the Simpson Group. Water-quality characteristics reflect the sources of ground water in the study area. The highly mineralized springs near the western end of the Park are a sodium chloride type with dissolved solids greater than 4,500 mg/L. The freshwater springs near the eastern end of the Park are a calcium bicarbonate type with total dissolved solids of less than 400 mg/L.\r\n\r\nFlow from the artesian wells has declined substantially during the past 86 years and the wells are estimated to currently discharge only about 10 percent of the total flow reported in 1939. The depletion is believed to be caused by a gradual lowering of the hydraulic head within the aquifer. The influence on the hydrologic system of local municipal and industrial pumping from the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer is difficult to discern because the system is much more sensitive to precipitation than to pumpage. Ground-water levels and spring flows in this region respond rapidly to precipitation. The effects of withdrawals from the City of Sulphur and Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company power-plant water-well fields are not discernible at wells and springs. The hydrologic system may be influenced by pumping, particularly during extended dry periods of several years, but the impact of pumping on the system cannot be determined without further investigation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944102","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.L., and Cates, S.W., 1994, Hydrogeology of the Chickasaw National Recreation Area, Murray County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4102, vi, 86 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944102.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_94_4102.jpg"},{"id":2168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri94-4102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61523d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Ronald L.","contributorId":65054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cates, Steven W.","contributorId":71592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cates","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}