{"pageNumber":"1645","pageRowStart":"41100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70118290,"text":"70118290 - 2012 - Toward an understanding of disequilibrium dihedral angles in mafic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T11:42:26","indexId":"70118290","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T11:39:13","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward an understanding of disequilibrium dihedral angles in mafic rocks","docAbstract":"The median dihedral angle at clinopyroxene-plagioclase-plagioclase junctions in mafic rocks, Θcpp, is generally lower than equilibrium (109˚ {plus minus} 2˚). Observation of a wide range of mafic bodies demonstrates that previous work on systematic variations of Θcpp is incorrect in several important respects. Firstly, the spatial distribution of plagioclase compositional zoning demonstrates that the final geometry of three-grain junctions, and hence Θcpp, is formed during solidification (the igneous process): sub-solidus textural modification in most dolerites and gabbros, previously thought to be the dominant control on Θcpp, is insignificant. Θcpp is governed by mass transport constraints, the inhibiting effects of small pore size on crystallization, and variation in relative growth rates of pyroxene and plagioclase. During rapid cooling, pyroxene preferentially fills wider pores while the narrower pores remain melt-filled, resulting in an initial value of Θcpp of 78˚, rather than 60˚ which would be expected if all melt-filled pores were filled with pyroxene. Lower cooling rates create a higher initial Θcpp due to changes in relative growth rates of the two minerals at the nascent three-grain junction. Low Θcpp (associated with cuspate clinopyroxene grains at triple junctions) can also be diagnostic of infiltration of previously melt-free rocks by late-stage evolved liquids (the metasomatic process). Modification of Θcpp by sub-solidus textural equilibration (the metamorphic process) is only important for fine-grained mafic rocks such as chilled margins and intra-plutonic chill zones. In coarse-grained gabbros from shallow crustal intrusions the metamorphic process occurs only in the centres of oikocrysts, associated with rounding of chadacrysts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008902","usgsCitation":"Holness, M.B., Humphreys, M.C., Sides, R., Helz, R., and Tegner, C., 2012, Toward an understanding of disequilibrium dihedral angles in mafic rocks: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. 6, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008902.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008902","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291149,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008902"}],"volume":"117","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4ede4b0bc0bec0a12ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holness, Marian B.","contributorId":17541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holness","given":"Marian","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphreys, Madeleine C.S.","contributorId":103199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphreys","given":"Madeleine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sides, Rachel","contributorId":58956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sides","given":"Rachel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind T. 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":66181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tegner, Christian","contributorId":44477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tegner","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118552,"text":"70118552 - 2012 - SIRT1 attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via induction of oxygen-regulated protein 150","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:33:20","indexId":"70118552","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T11:31:14","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1000,"text":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SIRT1 attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via induction of oxygen-regulated protein 150","docAbstract":"Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although SIRT1 has a therapeutic effect on T2DM, the mechanisms by which SIRT1 ameliorates insulin resistance (IR) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of SIRT1 on palmitate-induced ER stress in HepG2 cells and its underlying signal pathway. Treatment with resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator significantly inhibited palmitate-induced ER stress, leading to the protection against palmitate-induced ER stress and insulin resistance. Resveratrol and SIRT1 overexpression induced the expression of oxygen-regulated protein (ORP) 150 in HepG2 cells. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was involved in the regulation of ORP150 expression because suppression of FOXO1 inhibited the induction of ORP150 by SIRT1. Our results indicate a novel mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates ER stress by overexpression of ORP150, and suggest that SIRT1 ameliorates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via regulation of ER stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.129","usgsCitation":"Jung, T., Lee, K., Lee, M.W., and Ka, K., 2012, SIRT1 attenuates palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via induction of oxygen-regulated protein 150: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, v. 422, no. 2, p. 229-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.129.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291287,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.129"}],"volume":"422","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4ede4b0bc0bec0a12cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jung, T.W.","contributorId":19096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, K.T.","contributorId":74314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ka, K.H.","contributorId":77861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ka","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041952,"text":"70041952 - 2012 - Comparison of stream invertebrate response models for bioassessment metric","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T13:32:42","indexId":"70041952","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T09:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of stream invertebrate response models for bioassessment metric","docAbstract":"We aggregated invertebrate data from various sources to assemble data for modeling in two ecoregions in Oregon and one in California. Our goal was to compare the performance of models developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques with models developed using three relatively new techniques: classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and boosted regression trees (BRT). We used tolerance of taxa based on richness (RICHTOL) and ratio of observed to expected taxa (O/E) as response variables and land use/land cover as explanatory variables. Responses were generally linear; therefore, there was little improvement to the MLR models when compared to models using CART and RF. In general, the four modeling techniques (MLR, CART, RF, and BRT) consistently selected the same primary explanatory variables for each region. However, results from the BRT models showed significant improvement over the MLR models for each region; increases in R<sup>2</sup> from 0.09 to 0.20. The O/E metric that was derived from models specifically calibrated for Oregon consistently had lower R<sup>2</sup> values than RICHTOL for the two regions tested. Modeled O/E R<sup>2</sup> values were between 0.06 and 0.10 lower for each of the four modeling methods applied in the Willamette Valley and were between 0.19 and 0.36 points lower for the Blue Mountains. As a result, BRT models may indeed represent a good alternative to MLR for modeling species distribution relative to environmental variables.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00632.x","usgsCitation":"Waite, I.R., Kennen, J., May, J., Brown, L.R., Cuffney, T.F., Jones, K.A., and Orlando, J., 2012, Comparison of stream invertebrate response models for bioassessment metric: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 48, no. 3, p. 570-583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00632.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"583","ipdsId":"IP-030734","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountains, Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7035,32.53 ], [ -124.7035,46.2991 ], [ -114.13,46.2991 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.7035,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5216e4b0b290850f451a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Kimberly A. kjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kimberly","email":"kjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70110901,"text":"70110901 - 2012 - Uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T09:25:03","indexId":"70110901","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T09:21:04","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Uncertainty","docAbstract":"<p>Management decisions will often be directly informed by model predictions. However, we now know there can be no expectation of a single ‘true’ model; thus, model results are uncertain. Understandable reporting of underlying uncertainty provides necessary context to decision-makers, as model results are used for management decisions. This, in turn, forms a mechanism by which groundwater models inform a risk-management framework because uncertainty around a prediction provides the basis for estimating the probability or likelihood of some event occurring. Given that the consequences of management decisions vary, it follows that the extent of and resources devoted to an uncertainty analysis may depend on the consequences. For events with low impact, a qualitative, limited uncertainty analysis may be sufficient for informing a decision. For events with a high impact, on the other hand, the risks might be better assessed and associated decisions made using a more robust and comprehensive uncertainty analysis.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance on uncertainty analysis through discussion of concepts and approaches, which can vary from heuristic (i.e. the modeller’s assessment of prediction uncertainty based on trial and error and experience) to a comprehensive, sophisticated, statistics-based uncertainty analysis. Most of the material presented here is taken from Doherty et al. (2010) if not otherwise cited. Although the treatment here is necessarily brief, the reader can find citations for the source material and additional references within this chapter.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Australian groundwater modelling guidelines","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Water Commission","publisherLocation":"Canberra, Australia","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., 2012, Uncertainty, chap. <i>of</i> Australian groundwater modelling guidelines, p. 92-105.","productDescription":"p. 92-105","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-036106","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbc186e4b084059e8bff06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047852,"text":"70047852 - 2012 - Probabilistic estimates of surface coseismic slip and afterslip for Hayward fault earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:58:29","indexId":"70047852","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T07:51:12","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic estimates of surface coseismic slip and afterslip for Hayward fault earthquakes","docAbstract":"We examine the partition of long‐term geologic slip on the Hayward fault into interseismic creep, coseismic slip, and afterslip. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compute expected coseismic slip and afterslip at three alinement array sites for Hayward fault earthquakes with nominal moment magnitudes ranging from about 6.5 to 7.1. We consider how interseismic creep might affect the coseismic slip distribution as well as the variability in locations of large and small slip patches and the magnitude of an earthquake for a given rupture area. We calibrate the estimates to be consistent with the ratio of interseismic creep rate at the alinement array sites to the geologic slip rate for the Hayward fault. We find that the coseismic slip at the surface is expected to comprise only a small fraction of the long‐term geologic slip. The median values of coseismic slip are less than 0.2 m in nearly all cases as a result of the influence of interseismic creep and afterslip. However, afterslip makes a substantial contribution to the long‐term geologic slip and may be responsible for up to 0.5–1.5 m (median plus one standard deviation [S.D.]) of additional slip following an earthquake rupture. Thus, utility and transportation infrastructure could be severely impacted by afterslip in the hours and days following a large earthquake on the Hayward fault that generated little coseismic slip. Inherent spatial variability in earthquake slip combined with the uncertainty in how interseismic creep affects coseismic slip results in large uncertainties in these slip estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120110200","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, B.T., Lienkaemper, J.J., and Schwartz, D.P., 2012, Probabilistic estimates of surface coseismic slip and afterslip for Hayward fault earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 3, p. 961-979, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110200.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"961","endPage":"979","ipdsId":"IP-032491","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277063,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120110200"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1bece4b0f8bf2b076161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154958,"text":"70154958 - 2012 - An artificial perch to help Snail Kites handle an exotic Apple Snail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T14:32:47","indexId":"70154958","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An artificial perch to help Snail Kites handle an exotic Apple Snail","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the United States, the Snail Kite (</span><i>Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus</i><span>) is a federally endangered species and restricted to the wetlands of south-central Florida where the current population numbers less than 1,500. The Snail Kite is an extreme dietary specialist, previously feeding almost exclusively on one species of snail, the Florida Apple Snail (</span><i>Pomacea paludosa</i><span>). Within the past decade, an exotic species of apple snail, the Island Apple Snail (</span><i>Pomacea insularum</i><span>), has become established on lakes in central Florida. Island Apple Snails are larger than the native Florida Apple Snails, and Snail Kites handle the exotic snails less efficiently. Juvenile Snail Kites, in particular, have lower daily energy balances while feeding on Island Apple Snails. An inexpensive, easy-to-construct platform was developed that would provide Snail Kites with a flat, stable surface on which to extract snails. The platform has the potential to reduce the difficulties Snail Kites experience when handling exotic snails, and may benefit the Snail Kite population as a whole. Initial observations indicate that Snail Kites use the platforms frequently, and snails extracted at the platforms are larger than snails extracted at other perches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0217","usgsCitation":"Pias, K., Welch, Z.C., and Kitchens, W.M., 2012, An artificial perch to help Snail Kites handle an exotic Apple Snail: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 2, p. 347-351, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0217.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035311","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0bea9e4b09a3b01b5307d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pias, Kyle E.","contributorId":26535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pias","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welch, Zach C.","contributorId":145856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Zach","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":564409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039120,"text":"70039120 - 2012 - Knowledge gained from video-monitoring grassland passerine nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:00:17","indexId":"70039120","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Knowledge gained from video-monitoring grassland passerine nests","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"abstract\">In the mid-1990s, researchers began using miniature cameras to videotape activities at cryptic passerine nests in grasslands.In subsequent years, use of these video surveillance systems spread dramatically, leading to major strides in our knowledge of nest predation and nesting ecology of many species.Studies using video nest surveillance have helped overturn or substantiate many long-standing assumptions and have provided insights on a wide range of topics.Using examples from grasslands, we highlight the accumulated knowledge about activities at nests documented with video; we also discuss implications of this knowledge for our understanding of avian ecology.Like all tools, video nest surveillance has potential limitations, and users must take precautions to minimize possible sources of bias in data collection and interpretation.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Video Surveillance of Nesting Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkley, CA","isbn":"9780520273139","usgsCitation":"Pietz, P., Granfors, D., and Ribic, C.A., 2012, Knowledge gained from video-monitoring grassland passerine nests, chap. 1 <i>of</i> Video Surveillance of Nesting Birds, p. 1-22.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022200","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie 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,{"id":70192582,"text":"70192582 - 2012 - Linear complementarity formulation for 3D frictional sliding problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T14:52:04","indexId":"70192582","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1308,"text":"Computational Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linear complementarity formulation for 3D frictional sliding problems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Frictional sliding on quasi-statically deforming faults and fractures can be modeled efficiently using a linear complementarity formulation. We review the formulation in two dimensions and expand the formulation to three-dimensional problems including problems of orthotropic friction. This formulation accurately reproduces analytical solutions to static Coulomb friction sliding problems. The formulation accounts for opening displacements that can occur near regions of non-planarity even under large confining pressures. Such problems are difficult to solve owing to the coupling of relative displacements and tractions; thus, many geomechanical problems tend to neglect these effects. Simple test cases highlight the importance of including friction and allowing for opening when solving quasi-static fault mechanics models. These results also underscore the importance of considering the effects of non-planarity in modeling processes associated with crustal faulting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10596-011-9272-0","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J., Hickman, S.H., Davatzes, N.C., and Mutlu, O., 2012, Linear complementarity formulation for 3D frictional sliding problems: Computational Geosciences, v. 16, no. 3, p. 613-624, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-011-9272-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"624","ipdsId":"IP-031240","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07f125e4b09af898c8cdac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, J. Ole 0000-0003-2625-2786 okaven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2625-2786","contributorId":3993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaven","given":"J. Ole","email":"okaven@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mutlu, Ovunc","contributorId":198535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mutlu","given":"Ovunc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70150361,"text":"70150361 - 2012 - A direct-gradient multivariate index of biotic condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-24T10:47:14","indexId":"70150361","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A direct-gradient multivariate index of biotic condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Multimetric indexes constructed by summing metric scores have been criticized despite many of their merits. A leading criticism is the potential for investigator bias involved in metric selection and scoring. Often there is a large number of competing metrics equally well correlated with environmental stressors, requiring a judgment call by the investigator to select the most suitable metrics to include in the index and how to score them. Data-driven procedures for multimetric index formulation published during the last decade have reduced this limitation, yet apprehension remains. Multivariate approaches that select metrics with statistical algorithms may reduce the level of investigator bias and alleviate a weakness of multimetric indexes. We investigated the suitability of a direct-gradient multivariate procedure to derive an index of biotic condition for fish assemblages in oxbow lakes in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Although this multivariate procedure also requires that the investigator identify a set of suitable metrics potentially associated with a set of environmental stressors, it is different from multimetric procedures because it limits investigator judgment in selecting a subset of biotic metrics to include in the index and because it produces metric weights suitable for computation of index scores. The procedure, applied to a sample of 35 competing biotic metrics measured at 50 oxbow lakes distributed over a wide geographical region in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, selected 11 metrics that adequately indexed the biotic condition of five test lakes. Because the multivariate index includes only metrics that explain the maximum variability in the stressor variables rather than a balanced set of metrics chosen to reflect various fish assemblage attributes, it is fundamentally different from multimetric indexes of biotic integrity with advantages and disadvantages. As such, it provides an alternative to multimetric procedures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.717519","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Aycock, J., and Killgore, K.J., 2012, A direct-gradient multivariate index of biotic condition: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 141, no. 6, p. 1637-1648, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.717519.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1637","endPage":"1648","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025961","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Aluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.186767578125,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.06591796875,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              32.93492866908233\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.71411132812499,\n              32.52828936482526\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.131591796875,\n              32.537551746769\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14257812499999,\n              33.05471648804276\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              33.02708758002874\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.527099609375,\n              33.660353121928814\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.329345703125,\n              34.23451236236984\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.241455078125,\n              34.53371242139564\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.186767578125,\n              34.70549341022544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"141","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558bd4ade4b0b6d21dd652d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aycock, J.N.","contributorId":105151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aycock","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Killgore, K. 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,{"id":70187479,"text":"70187479 - 2012 - Novel microsatellite loci for studies of Thamnophis Gartersnake genetic identity and hybridization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T11:25:13","indexId":"70187479","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel microsatellite loci for studies of Thamnophis Gartersnake genetic identity and hybridization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Butler’s Gartersnakes (BGS; </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Thamnophis butleri</i><span>) are confined to open and semi-open canopy wetlands and adjacent uplands, habitats under threat of development in Wisconsin. To address issues of species identity and putative hybridization with congeneric snakes, a suite of 18 microsatellite loci capable of cross-species amplification of Plains Gartersnakes (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T. radix</i><span>) and Common Gartersnakes (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T. sirtalis</i><span>) was developed. All loci were polymorphic in BGS with mean number of alleles per locus of 16.11 (range&nbsp;=&nbsp;3–41) and mean observed heterozygosity of 0.659 (range&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.311–0.978). Loci amplified efficiently in the congeneric species with high levels of intra- and inter-specific variation. These loci will aid ongoing efforts to effectively identify and manage BGS in Wisconsin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-011-9555-8","usgsCitation":"Sloss, B.L., Schuurman, G.W., Paloski, R.A., Boyle, O.D., and Kapfer, J.M., 2012, Novel microsatellite loci for studies of Thamnophis Gartersnake genetic identity and hybridization: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 4, no. 2, p. 383-386, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9555-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"386","ipdsId":"IP-033120","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183b8e4b0e541a03c1a84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloss, Brian L. bsloss@usgs.gov","contributorId":702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloss","given":"Brian","email":"bsloss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor W.","contributorId":173975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5106,"text":"National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wyoming 82190","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paloski, Rori A.","contributorId":171368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paloski","given":"Rori","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24833,"text":"Wisconsin DNR, Madison, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, Owen D.","contributorId":149662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyle","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16117,"text":"Wisconsin DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kapfer, Joshua M.","contributorId":176248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapfer","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038447,"text":"ofr20121120 - 2012 - A Markov chain analysis of the movements of juvenile salmonids, including sockeye salmon, in the forebay of McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2006-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-02T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121120","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1120","title":"A Markov chain analysis of the movements of juvenile salmonids, including sockeye salmon, in the forebay of McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2006-09","docAbstract":"Passage and survival data were collected at McNary Dam between 2006 and 2009. These data have provided critical information for resource managers to implement structural and operational changes designed to improve the survival of juvenile salmonids as they migrate past the dam. Much of the valuable information collected at McNary Dam was in the form of three-dimensional (hereafter referred to as 3-D) tracks of fish movements in the forebay. These data depicted the behavior of multiple species (in three dimensions) during different diel periods, spill conditions, powerhouse operations, and testing of the surface bypass structures (temporary spillway weirs; TSWs). One of the challenges in reporting 3-D results is presenting the information in a manner that allows interested parties to summarize the behavior of many fish over many different conditions across multiple years. To accomplish this, we used a Markov chain analysis to characterize fish movement patterns in the forebay of McNary Dam. The Markov chain analysis allowed us to numerically summarize the behavior of fish in the forebay. This report is the second report published in 2012 that uses this analytical method. The first report included only fish released as part of the annual studies conducted at McNary Dam. This second report includes sockeye salmon that were released as part of studies conducted by the Chelan and Grant County Public Utility Districts at mid-Columbia River dams. The studies conducted in the mid-Columbia used the same transmitters as were used for McNary Dam studies, but transmitter pulse width was different between studies. Additionally, no passive integrated transponder tags were implanted in sockeye salmon. Differences in transmitter pulse width resulted in lower detection probabilities for sockeye salmon at McNary Dam. The absence of passive integrated transponder tags prevented us from determining if fish passed the powerhouse through the juvenile bypass system (JBS) or turbines. To facilitate comparison among species in this report, we combined JBS and turbine passage for yearling Chinook salmon, steelhead, and subyearling Chinook salmon even though we were able to differentiate between passage through the JBS or turbines for these three species. Information on passage proportions through the JBS and turbines can be found in the first report. Numerically summarizing the behavior of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of McNary Dam using the Markov chain analysis allowed us to confirm what had been previously summarized using visualization software. For example, within the powerhouse region, passage proportions among the three powerhouse areas were often greater in the southern and middle areas of the powerhouse compared to the northern area of the powerhouse for yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon. The opposite generally was observed for steelhead. The results of this analysis also allowed us to confirm and quantify the extent of milling behavior that was observed for steelhead. For fish that were first detected in the powerhouse region, less than 0.10 of the steelhead, on average, passed within each of the powerhouse areas. Instead, steelhead transitioned to adjoining areas in the spillway before passing the dam. In comparison, greater than 0.20 of the Chinook salmon passed within each of the powerhouse areas. Less milling behavior was observed for all species for fish that first approached the spillway. Compared to the powerhouse areas, a higher proportion of fish, regardless of species, passed the spillway areas and fewer transitioned to adjoining areas in the powerhouse. In addition to quantifying what had been previously speculated about the behavior of fish in the forebay of McNary Dam, the Markov chain analysis refined our understanding of how fish behavior and passage can be influenced by changes to the operations and structure of McNary Dam. For example, the addition of TSWs to the spillway area clearly influenced the passage of fish. Previous results have been reported showing that TSWs increased passage through non-turbine routes and the fish-track videos indicated, in general, how fish behaved before passing the TSWs. However, the analysis presented in this report allowed us to better understand how fish transitioned across the face of the dam before passing the TSWs and resulted in a quantitative way to measure the effect of moving the location of the TSWs from year to year. Installation of the TSWs in bays 22 and 20 clearly increased passage proportions through the southern one-third of the spillway area for all species, most significantly for steelhead. When the TSWs were moved to bays 19 and 20 in 2008, overall passage through the southern one-third of the spillway remained higher than 2006, but decreased from what was observed in 2007. Shifting the TSWs to the north decreased the proportion of fish passing through the TSWs and increased the number of fish that transitioned to adjoining areas before passing the dam. Perhaps the most interesting new information to come out of the two-step Markov chain analysis relates to how the performance of the TSWs was influenced by their proximity to the powerhouse. During 2007, the highest proportion of fish passing through TSW 22 was for fish that transitioned from the powerhouse area. In contrast, a relatively low proportion of fish passed through TSW 20 after coming from the powerhouse area. Instead, the proportion of fish that passed TSW 20 after coming from the northern part of the spillway was twice as high as the proportion of fish that passed through TSW 20 after coming from the powerhouse. During 2008, the TSW in bay 22 was moved to bay 19, leaving the TSW in bay 20 as the one closest to the powerhouse. As was the case when a TSW was located in bay 22, the proportion of fish passing through TSW 20 after coming from the powerhouse was higher than the proportion of fish passing TSW 20 after coming from the northern part of the spillway. Passage proportions for fish passing through TSW 19, the farthest north of the two TSWs during 2008, was higher for fish that came from the northern part of the spillway compared to the proportion of fish that passed through TSW 19 after coming from the powerhouse. The Markov chain analysis provided a mathematical way to characterize fish behavior in the forebay of McNary Dam and helped refine our understanding of how fish movements were influenced by operational and structural changes at the dam. The numerical information used to quantify the behavior of fish also can be used to construct simulations to examine how proposed fish passage structures might influence passage of juvenile salmonids. To demonstrate this, we used the results of the Markov chain analysis to examine how a virtual fish collector located in the center of the powerhouse might influence passage of juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., and Hatton, T., 2012, A Markov chain analysis of the movements of juvenile salmonids, including sockeye salmon, in the forebay of McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2006-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1120, viii, 71 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121120.","productDescription":"viii, 71 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1120.jpg"},{"id":257109,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mcnary Dam;Columbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,45.5 ], [ -121,48.25 ], [ -117.5,48.25 ], [ -117.5,45.5 ], [ -121,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495be4b0b290850ef173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson W. 0000-0002-2874-0719","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-0719","contributorId":9112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038448,"text":"sim3165 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Themis Regio quadrangle (V-53), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-02T01:01:38","indexId":"sim3165","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3165","title":"Geologic map of the Themis Regio quadrangle (V-53), Venus","docAbstract":"The Themis Regio quadrangle (V-53), Venus, has been geologically mapped at 1:5,000,000 scale as part of the NASA Planetary Geologic Mapping Program. The quadrangle extends from lat 25&deg; to 50&deg; S. and from long 270&deg; to 300&deg; E. and encompasses the Themis Regio highland, the surrounding plains, and the southernmost extension of Parga Chasmata. Themis Regio is a broad regional topographic high with a diameter of about 2,000 km and a height of about 0.5 km that has been interpreted previously as a hotspot underlain by a mantle plume. The Themis rise is dominated by coronae and lies at the terminus of the Parga Chasmata corona chain. Themis Regio is the only one of the three corona-dominated rises that contains significant extensional deformation. Fractures and grabens are much less common than along the rest of Parga Chasmata and are embayed by corona-related flows in places. Rift and corona formation has overlapped in time at Themis Regio.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3165","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Stofan, E.R., and Brian, A.W., 2012, Geologic map of the Themis Regio quadrangle (V-53), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3165, i, 13p.; 1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 49.39 inches x 33.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3165.","productDescription":"i, 13p.; 1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 49.39 inches x 33.01 inches","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3165.gif"},{"id":257115,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1ec2e4b0c8380cd56724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stofan, Ellen R.","contributorId":103746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brian, Antony W.","contributorId":89623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brian","given":"Antony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038446,"text":"ofr20121119 - 2012 - A Markov chain analysis of the movements of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2006-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-02T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121119","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1119","title":"A Markov chain analysis of the movements of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2006-09","docAbstract":"Passage and survival data for yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and juvenile steelhead were collected at McNary Dam between 2006 and 2009. These data have provided critical information for resource managers to implement structural and operational changes designed to improve the survival of juvenile salmonids as they migrate past the dam. Much of the information collected at McNary Dam was in the form of three-dimensional tracks of fish movements in the forebay. These data depicted the behavior of multiple species (in three dimensions) during different diel periods, spill conditions, powerhouse operations, and test configurations of the surface bypass structures (temporary spillway weirs; TSWs). One of the challenges in reporting three-dimensional results is presenting the information in a manner that allows interested parties to summarize the behavior of many fish over many different conditions across multiple years. To accomplish this, we investigated the feasibility of using a Markov chain analysis to characterize fish movement patterns in the forebay of McNary Dam. The Markov chain analysis is one way that can be used to summarize numerically the behavior of fish in the forebay. Numerically summarizing the behavior of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of McNary Dam using the Markov chain analysis allowed us to confirm what had been previously summarized using visualization software. For example, proportions of yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon passing the three powerhouse areas was often greater in the southern and middle areas, compared to the northern area. The opposite generally was observed for steelhead. Results of this analysis also allowed us to confirm and quantify the extent of milling behavior that had been observed for steelhead. For fish that were first detected in the powerhouse region, less than 0.10 of the steelhead, on average, passed within each of the powerhouse areas. Instead, steelhead transitioned to adjoining areas in the spillway before passing the dam. In comparison, greater than 0.20 of the Chinook salmon passed within the powerhouse areas. Less milling behavior was observed for all species for fish that first approached the spillway. Compared to the powerhouse areas, a higher proportion of fish, regardless of species, passed the spillway areas and fewer transitioned to adjoining areas in the powerhouse. In addition to quantifying what had been previously speculated about the behavior of fish in the forebay of McNary Dam, the Markov chain analysis refined our understanding of how fish behavior and passage can be influenced by changes to the operations and structure of McNary Dam. For example, the addition of TSWs to the spillway area clearly influenced the passage of fish. Previous results have been reported showing that TSWs increased the number of fish passing through non-turbine routes and the fish-track videos indicated, in general, how fish behaved before passing through the TSWs. However, the analysis presented in this report allowed us to better understand how fish moved across the face of the dam before passing the TSWs and provided a way to quantify the effect of TSW location. Installation of the TSWs in bays 22 and 20 clearly increased passage proportions through the southern one-third of the spillway area for all species, most significantly for steelhead. When the TSWs were moved to bays 19 and 20 in 2008, overall passage through the southern one-third of the spillway remained higher than 2006, but decreased from what was observed in 2007. Shifting the TSWs to the north decreased the proportion of fish passing through the TSWs and increased the number of fish that moved to adjoining areas before passing the dam. Perhaps the most interesting new information to come out of the two-step Markov chain analysis relates to how the performance of the TSWs was influenced by their proximity to the powerhouse. During 2007, the highest proportion of fish passing through TSW22 was for fish that transitioned from the powerhouse area. In contrast, a relatively low proportion of fish passed through TSW20 after coming from the powerhouse area. Instead, the proportion of fish that passed TSW20 after coming from the northern part of the spillway was twice as high as the proportion of fish that passed through TSW20 after coming from the powerhouse. During 2008, the TSW in bay 22 was moved to bay 19, leaving the TSW in bay 20 as the one closest to the powerhouse. As was the case when a TSW was located in bay 22; the proportion of fish passing TSW20 after coming from the powerhouse was greater than the proportion of fish passing through TSW20 after coming from the northern part of the spillway. Passage proportions for fish passing through TSW19, the farthest north of the two TSWs during 2008, was higher for fish that came from the northern part of the spillway compared to the proportion of fish that passed through TSW19 after coming from the powerhouse. The Markov chain analysis provided a mathematical way to characterize fish behavior in the forebay of McNary Dam and helped refine our understanding of how fish movements were influenced by operational and structural changes at McNary Dam. The Markov chain analysis also could be used to examine how future structural and operational changes proposed for McNary Dam might influence the passage of juvenile salmonids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Adams, N.S., and Hatton, T., 2012, A Markov chain analysis of the movements of juvenile salmonids in the forebay of McNary Dam, Washington and Oregon, 2006-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1119, viii, 68 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121119.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1119.jpg"},{"id":257108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mcnary Dam;Columbia River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,45.5 ], [ -121,48.25 ], [ -117.5,48.25 ], [ -117.5,45.5 ], [ -121,45.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495be4b0b290850ef171","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatton, Tyson W. 0000-0002-2874-0719","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-0719","contributorId":9112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatton","given":"Tyson W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":464161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044018,"text":"70044018 - 2012 - Reconstruction of past methane availability in an Arctic Alaska wetland indicates climate influenced methane release during the past ~12,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-25T14:28:26","indexId":"70044018","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of past methane availability in an Arctic Alaska wetland indicates climate influenced methane release during the past ~12,000 years","docAbstract":"Atmospheric contributions of methane from Arctic wetlands during the Holocene are dynamic and linked to climate oscillations. However, long-term records linking climate variability to methane availability in Arctic wetlands are lacking. We present a multi-proxy ~12,000 year paleoecological reconstruction of intermittent methane availability from a radiocarbon-dated sediment core (LQ-West) taken from a shallow tundra lake (Qalluuraq Lake) in Arctic Alaska. Specifically, stable carbon isotopic values of photosynthetic biomarkers and methane are utilized to estimate the proportional contribution of methane-derived carbon to lake-sediment-preserved benthic (chironomids) and pelagic (cladocerans) components over the last ~12,000 years. These results were compared to temperature, hydrologic, and habitat reconstructions from the same site using chironomid assemblage data, oxygen isotopes of chironomid head capsules, and radiocarbon ages of plant macrofossils. Cladoceran ephippia from ~4,000 cal year BP sediments have δ13C values that range from ~−39 to −31‰, suggesting peak methane carbon assimilation at that time. These low δ13C values coincide with an apparent decrease in effective moisture and development of a wetland that included Sphagnum subsecundum. Incorporation of methane-derived carbon by chironomids and cladocerans decreased from ~2,500 to 1,500 cal year BP, coinciding with a temperature decrease. Live-collected chironomids with a radiocarbon age of 1,640 cal year BP, and fossil chironomids from 1,500 cal year BP in the core illustrate that ‘old’ carbon has also contributed to the development of the aquatic ecosystem since ~1,500 cal year BP. The relatively low δ13C values of aquatic invertebrates (as low as −40.5‰) provide evidence of methane incorporation by lake invertebrates, and suggest intermittent climate-linked methane release from the lake throughout the Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10933-012-9591-8","usgsCitation":"Wooller, M., Pohlman, J., Gaglioti, B.V., Langdon, P., Jones, M., Anthony, K.M., Becker, K.W., Hinrichs, K., and Elvert, M., 2012, Reconstruction of past methane availability in an Arctic Alaska wetland indicates climate influenced methane release during the past ~12,000 years: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 27-42, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9591-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-034535","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274187,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9591-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130,71.4 ], [ -130,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cabbe4e4b0d298e5434c68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooller, Matthew J.","contributorId":24213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooller","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":95288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langdon, Peter","contributorId":30530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langdon","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Miriam","contributorId":56134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anthony, Katey M. Walter","contributorId":82603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Katey","email":"","middleInitial":"M. Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Becker, Kevin W.","contributorId":54491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe","contributorId":89791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinrichs","given":"Kai-Uwe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elvert, Marcus","contributorId":102362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elvert","given":"Marcus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70190453,"text":"70190453 - 2012 - Metal dispersion resulting from mining activities in coastal environments: A pathways approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-18T17:46:30.387701","indexId":"70190453","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal dispersion resulting from mining activities in coastal environments: A pathways approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Acid rock drainage (ARD) and disposal of tailings that result from mining activities impact coastal areas in many countries. The dispersion of metals from mine sites that are both proximal and distal to the shoreline can be examined using a pathways approach in which physical and chemical processes guide metal transport in the continuum from sources (sulfide minerals) to bioreceptors (marine biota). Large amounts of metals can be physically transported to the coastal environment by intentional or accidental release of sulfide-bearing mine tailings. Oxidation of sulfide minerals results in elevated dissolved metal concentrations in surface waters on land (producing ARD) and in pore waters of submarine tailings. Changes in pH, adsorption by insoluble secondary minerals (e.g.,&nbsp;Fe oxyhydroxides), and precipitation of soluble salts (e.g.,&nbsp;sulfates) affect dissolved metal fluxes. Evidence for bioaccumulation includes anomalous metal concentrations in bivalves and reef corals, and overlapping Pb isotope ratios for sulfides, shellfish, and seaweed in contaminated environments. Although bioavailability and potential toxicity are, to a large extent, functions of metal speciation, specific uptake pathways, such as adsorption from solution and ingestion of particles, also play important roles. Recent emphasis on broader ecological impacts has led to complementary methodologies involving laboratory toxicity tests and field studies of species richness and diversity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2012.53","usgsCitation":"Koski, R.A., 2012, Metal dispersion resulting from mining activities in coastal environments: A pathways approach: Oceanography, v. 25, no. 2, p. 170-183, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.53.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"183","ipdsId":"IP-035196","costCenters":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2012.53","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a92040e4b07e1a023ccda3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":709235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046574,"text":"70046574 - 2012 - New insights into the nation's carbon storage potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:39:15","indexId":"70046574","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into the nation's carbon storage potential","docAbstract":"Carbon sequestration is a method of securing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) to prevent its release into the atmosphere, where it contributes to global warming as a greenhouse gas. Geologic storage of CO<sub>2</sub> in porous and permeable rocks involves injecting high-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> into a subsurface rock unit that has available pore space. Biologic carbon sequestration refers to both natural and anthropogenic processes by which CO<sub>2</sub> is removed from the atmosphere and stored as carbon in vegetation, soils, and sediments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012EO260001","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., and Zhu, Z., 2012, New insights into the nation's carbon storage potential: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 26, p. 241-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO260001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"242","ipdsId":"IP-036327","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012eo260001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273957,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO260001"}],"country":"United States","volume":"93","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816be4b0dd0e00d92205","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70044047,"text":"70044047 - 2012 - Spatial aspects of building and population exposure data and their implications for global earthquake exposure modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:11:25","indexId":"70044047","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial aspects of building and population exposure data and their implications for global earthquake exposure modeling","docAbstract":"This paper discusses spatial aspects of the global exposure dataset and mapping needs for earthquake risk assessment. We discuss this in the context of development of a Global Exposure Database for the Global Earthquake Model (GED4GEM), which requires compilation of a multi-scale inventory of assets at risk, for example, buildings, populations, and economic exposure. After defining the relevant spatial and geographic scales of interest, different procedures are proposed to disaggregate coarse-resolution data, to map them, and if necessary to infer missing data by using proxies. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these methodologies and detail the potentials of utilizing remote-sensing data. The latter is used especially to homogenize an existing coarser dataset and, where possible, replace it with detailed information extracted from remote sensing using the built-up indicators for different environments. Present research shows that the spatial aspects of earthquake risk computation are tightly connected with the availability of datasets of the resolution necessary for producing sufficiently detailed exposure. The global exposure database designed by the GED4GEM project is able to manage datasets and queries of multiple spatial scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-012-0241-2","usgsCitation":"Dell’Acqua, F., Gamba, P., and Jaiswal, K., 2012, Spatial aspects of building and population exposure data and their implications for global earthquake exposure modeling: Natural Hazards, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0241-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037493","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273949,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0241-2"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816ce4b0dd0e00d92211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dell’Acqua, F.","contributorId":91775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dell’Acqua","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gamba, P.","contributorId":72281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamba","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaiswal, K.","contributorId":89260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaiswal","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045217,"text":"70045217 - 2012 - Warming and increased precipitation frequency on the Colorado Plateau: Implications for biological soil crusts and soil processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T13:54:40.668673","indexId":"70045217","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming and increased precipitation frequency on the Colorado Plateau: Implications for biological soil crusts and soil processes","docAbstract":"<p>Aims </p><p>Changes in temperature and precipitation are expected to influence ecosystem processes worldwide. Despite their globally large extent, few studies to date have examined the effects of climate change in desert ecosystems, where biological soil crusts are key nutrient cycling components. The goal of this work was to assess how increased temperature and frequency of summertime precipitation affect the contributions of crust organisms to soil processes. </p><p>Methods </p><p>With a combination of experimental 2°C warming and altered summer precipitation frequency applied over 2 years, we measured soil nutrient cycling and the structure and function of crust communities. </p><p>Results </p><p>We saw no change in crust cover, composition, or other measures of crust function in response to 2°C warming and no effects on any measure of soil chemistry. In contrast, crust cover and function responded to increased frequency of summer precipitation, shifting from moss to cyanobacteria-dominated crusts; however, in the short timeframe we measured, there was no accompanying change in soil chemistry. Total bacterial and fungal biomass was also reduced in watered plots, while the activity of two enzymes increased, indicating a functional change in the microbial community. </p><p>Conclusions </p><p>Taken together, our results highlight the limited effects of warming alone on biological soil crust communities and soil chemistry, but demonstrate the substantially larger effects of altered summertime precipitation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-011-1097-z","usgsCitation":"Zelikova, T.J., Housman, D.C., Grote, E., Neher, D.A., and Belnap, J., 2012, Warming and increased precipitation frequency on the Colorado Plateau: Implications for biological soil crusts and soil processes: Plant and Soil, v. 355, no. 1-2, p. 265-282, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1097-z.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-032668","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"355","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e72f0e4b00154e4368c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelikova, Tamara J.","contributorId":76615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelikova","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Housman, David C.","contributorId":60752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Housman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grote, Ed E. 0000-0002-9103-9482","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482","contributorId":81390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grote","given":"Ed E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neher, Deborah A.","contributorId":44444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neher","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70193587,"text":"70193587 - 2012 - Monitoring glacier surface seismicity in time and space using Rayleigh waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T14:47:03","indexId":"70193587","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring glacier surface seismicity in time and space using Rayleigh waves","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sliding glaciers and brittle ice failure generate seismic body and surface wave energy characteristic to the source mechanism. Here we analyze continuous seismic recordings from an array of nine short-period passive seismometers located on Bench Glacier, Alaska (USA) (61.033°N, 145.687°W). We focus on the arrival-time and amplitude information of the dominant Rayleigh wave phase. Over a 46-hour period we detect thousands of events using a cross-correlation based event identification method. Travel-time inversion of a subset of events (7% of the total) defines an active crevasse, propagating more than 200 meters in three hours. From the Rayleigh wave amplitudes, we estimate the amount of volumetric opening along the crevasse as well as an average bulk attenuation (&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math-equation-construct\" data-equation-construct=\"true\"><span class=\"math-equation-image\" data-equation-image=\"true\"><img class=\"inlineGraphic\" src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2011JF002259/asset/equation/jgrf946-math-0001.gif?v=1&amp;s=a1414ac408ba7e9a082930d173004f4c91099069\" alt=\"math formula\" data-mce-src=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2011JF002259/asset/equation/jgrf946-math-0001.gif?v=1&amp;s=a1414ac408ba7e9a082930d173004f4c91099069\"></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 42) for the ice in this part of the glacier. With the remaining icequake signals we establish a diurnal periodicity in seismicity, indicating that surface run-off and subglacial water pressure changes likely control the triggering of these surface events. Furthermore, we find that these events are too weak (i.e., too noisy) to locate individually. However, stacking individual events increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the waveforms, implying that these periodic sources are effectively stationary during the recording period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011JF002259","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, T.D., Van Wijk, K., Haney, M.M., Bradford, J., Marshall, H.P., and Harper, J.T., 2012, Monitoring glacier surface seismicity in time and space using Rayleigh waves: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 117, no. F2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002259.","productDescription":"F02020; 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-039173","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jf002259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348115,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"F2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eb1e4b0531197b2801c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, T. D.","contributorId":199580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mikesell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Wijk, K.","contributorId":16551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wijk","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. mhaney@usgs.gov","contributorId":2943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, J.H.","contributorId":22606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marshall, Hans P.","contributorId":172745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harper, J. T.","contributorId":199751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70192299,"text":"70192299 - 2012 - Guidelines for collecting and maintaining archives for genetic monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T13:33:20","indexId":"70192299","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidelines for collecting and maintaining archives for genetic monitoring","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rapid advances in molecular genetic techniques and the statistical analysis of genetic data have revolutionized the way that populations of animals, plants and microorganisms can be monitored. Genetic monitoring is the practice of using molecular genetic markers to track changes in the abundance, diversity or distribution of populations, species or ecosystems over time, and to follow adaptive and non-adaptive genetic responses to changing external conditions. In recent years, genetic monitoring has become a valuable tool in conservation management of biological diversity and ecological analysis, helping to illuminate and define cryptic and poorly understood species and populations. Many of the detected biodiversity declines, changes in distribution and hybridization events have helped to drive changes in policy and management. Because a time series of samples is necessary to detect trends of change in genetic diversity and species composition, archiving is a critical component of genetic monitoring. Here we discuss the collection, development, maintenance, and use of archives for genetic monitoring. This includes an overview of the genetic markers that facilitate effective monitoring, describes how tissue and DNA can be stored, and provides guidelines for proper practice.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Conservation Genetics Resources","doi":"10.1007/s12686-011-9545-x","usgsCitation":"Jackson, J.A., Laikre, L., Baker, C.S., Kendall, K.C., and The Genetic Monitoring Working Group, 2012, Guidelines for collecting and maintaining archives for genetic monitoring: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 4, no. 2, p. 527-536, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9545-x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"536","ipdsId":"IP-027589","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2aae4b0220bbd9d9fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Jennifer A.","contributorId":198138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laikre, Linda","contributorId":198139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laikre","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, C. Scott","contributorId":198136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"The Genetic Monitoring Working Group","contributorId":198335,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"The Genetic Monitoring Working Group","id":715730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70188331,"text":"70188331 - 2012 - Estimations of evapotranspiration and water balance with uncertainty over the Yukon River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T13:53:53","indexId":"70188331","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3721,"text":"Water Resources Management","onlineIssn":"1573-1650","printIssn":"0920-4741","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimations of evapotranspiration and water balance with uncertainty over the Yukon River Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, the revised Remote Sensing-Penman Monteith model (RS-PM) was used to scale up evapotranspiration (ET) over the entire Yukon River Basin (YRB) from three eddy covariance (EC) towers covering major vegetation types. We determined model parameters and uncertainty using a Bayesian-based method in the three EC sites. The 95&nbsp;% confidence interval for the aggregate ecosystem ET ranged from 233 to 396&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> with an average of 319&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The mean difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">W</i><span>) was 171&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> with a 95&nbsp;% confidence interval of 94–257&nbsp;mm&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The YRB region showed a slight increasing trend in annual precipitation for the 1982–2009 time period, while ET showed a significant increasing trend of 6.6&nbsp;mm decade</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. As a whole, annual </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">W</i><span> showed a drying trend over YRB region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11269-012-0007-3","usgsCitation":"Yuan, W., Liu, S., Liang, S., Tan, Z., Liu, H., and Young, C., 2012, Estimations of evapotranspiration and water balance with uncertainty over the Yukon River Basin: Water Resources Management, v. 26, no. 8, p. 2147-2157, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0007-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2147","endPage":"2157","ipdsId":"IP-022996","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.76171875,\n              60.56537850464181\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.5166015625,\n              60.56537850464181\n            ],\n            [\n              -134.5166015625,\n              68.67254350285471\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.76171875,\n              68.67254350285471\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.76171875,\n              60.56537850464181\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf30e4b0f6c2d0d9c7a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, Wenping","contributorId":83435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"Wenping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liang, Shunlin","contributorId":192428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liang","given":"Shunlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tan, Zhengxi 0000-0002-4136-0921 ztan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-0921","contributorId":2945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Zhengxi","email":"ztan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Heping","contributorId":117909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Heping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Young, Claudia 0000-0002-0859-7206 claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":192026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"claudia.young.ctr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042474,"text":"70042474 - 2012 - Correlation of clayey gouge in a surface exposure of the San Andreas fault with gouge at depth from SAFOD:  Implications for the role of serpentinite in fault mechanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-15T19:54:51","indexId":"70042474","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of clayey gouge in a surface exposure of the San Andreas fault with gouge at depth from SAFOD:  Implications for the role of serpentinite in fault mechanics","docAbstract":"Magnesium-rich clayey gouge similar to that comprising the two actively creeping strands of the San Andreas Fault in drill core from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) has been identified in a nearby outcrop of serpentinite within the fault zone at Nelson Creek. Each occurrence of the gouge consists of porphyroclasts of serpentinite and sedimentary rocks dispersed in a fine-grained, foliated matrix of Mg-rich smectitic clays. The clay minerals in all three gouges are interpreted to be the product of fluid-assisted, shear-enhanced reactions between quartzofeldspathic wall rocks and serpentinite that was tectonically entrained in the fault from a source in the Coast Range Ophiolite. We infer that the gouge at Nelson Creek connects to one or both of the gouge zones in the SAFOD core, and that similar gouge may occur at depths in between. The special significance of the outcrop is that it preserves the early stages of mineral reactions that are greatly advanced at depth, and it confirms the involvement of serpentinite and the Mg-rich phyllosilicate minerals that replace it in promoting creep along the central San Andreas Fault.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.014","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., and Rymer, M.J., 2012, Correlation of clayey gouge in a surface exposure of the San Andreas fault with gouge at depth from SAFOD:  Implications for the role of serpentinite in fault mechanics: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 38, p. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.014.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","ipdsId":"IP-028485","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267593,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.014"},{"id":267594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f670de4b03b29402c5db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176624,"text":"70176624 - 2012 - Long-term growth of Desert Tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) in a southern Nevada population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T13:09:33.482328","indexId":"70176624","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term growth of Desert Tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) in a southern Nevada population","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of growth rates, age at maturity, and longevity are important aspects of a species life history and are directly applicable to life table creation and population viability analyses. We measured the growth of a cohort of 17 semi-wild Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) located in Rock Valley, Nevada over a 47-yr period beginning in 1963. The tortoises were initially marked as hatchling and juvenile animals between the years 1963 and 1965 and ranged in size from 47 to 77 mm in plastron length. We assigned ages of 1-4 yr to the tortoises at initial capture based on their body size. These tortoises were recaptured, measured, and weighed approximately annually since their initial capture. Growth of male and female tortoises did not differ significantly until animals reached the age of 23-25 yr. Annual tortoise growth was correlated with the production of ephemeral vegetation, while accounting for size, sex, and repeated measurements of the animals as well as the interval between measurements. However, the production of ephemeral plants was likewise highly correlated (non-linearly) with winter rainfall. Stochastic predation events between 2003 and 2007 decimated this cohort of tortoises. The average age of the long-term surviving tortoises from this cohort was 43 yr with a range of 39-47 yr. Twelve of the tortoises survived to the age of 39 yr and 11 of the 12 reached 40 yr.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Medica, P., Nussear, K.E., Esque, T., and Saethre, M.B., 2012, Long-term growth of Desert Tortoises (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) in a southern Nevada population: Journal of Herpetology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 213-220.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"220","ipdsId":"IP-019225","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41515040"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3b1e4b0bc0bec0a0b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":138964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saethre, Mary B.","contributorId":60556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saethre","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176609,"text":"70176609 - 2012 - How to catch a parasite: Parasite Niche Modeler (PaNic) meets Fishbase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T15:20:26","indexId":"70176609","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How to catch a parasite: Parasite Niche Modeler (PaNic) meets Fishbase","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parasite Niche Modeler (PaNic) is a free online software tool that suggests potential hosts for fish parasites. For a particular parasite species from the major helminth groups (Acanthocephala, Cestoda, Monogenea, Nematoda, Trematoda), PaNic takes data from known hosts (maximum body length, growth rate, life span, age at first maturity, trophic level, phylogeny, and biogeography) and hypothesizes similar fish species that might serve as hosts to that parasite. Users can give varying weights to host attributes and create custom models. In addition to suggesting plausible hosts (with varying degrees of confidence), the models indicate known host species that appear to be outliers in comparison to other known hosts. These unique features make PaNic an innovative tool for addressing both theoretical and applied questions in fish parasitology. PaNic can be accessed at &lt;</span><a title=\"Link to external resource: http://purl.oclc.org/fishpest\" href=\"http://purl.oclc.org/fishpest\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://purl.oclc.org/fishpest\">http://purl.oclc.org/fishpest</a><span>&gt;.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07439.x","usgsCitation":"Strona, G., and Lafferty, K.D., 2012, How to catch a parasite: Parasite Niche Modeler (PaNic) meets Fishbase: Ecography, v. 35, no. 6, p. 481-486, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07439.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"486","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3b1e4b0bc0bec0a0b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strona, Giovanni","contributorId":62940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strona","given":"Giovanni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038449,"text":"sim3163 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Hecate Chasma quadrangle (V-28), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T17:46:43.299265","indexId":"sim3163","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3163","title":"Geologic map of the Hecate Chasma quadrangle (V-28), Venus","docAbstract":"<p>The Hecate Chasma quadrangle (V&ndash;28) extends from lat 0&deg; to 25&deg; N. and from long 240&deg; E. to 270&deg; E. The quadrangle was mapped at 1:5,000,000 scale as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Planetary Geologic Mapping Program.</p>\n<p>Hecate Chasma is an extensive rift system consisting of multiple branches that lies in the lowland region of Hinemoa Planitia in the northern hemisphere of Venus. Here, we use the term &ldquo;rift&rdquo; and &ldquo;chasma&rdquo; (plural &ldquo;chasmata&rdquo;) to designate the trough and fracture zones that make up the Hecate system. Lineaments within the Hecate rift system that define Hecate, Zverine, and Hanwi Chasmata are mapped in red for emphasis. The system consists of several rifts and fracture belts, low-lying plains units, coronae and numerous small volcanic edifices including shields, domes and cones. The three branches of the Hecate rift system in this quadrangle are Hecate Chasma (centered at lat 18.2&deg; N., long 254.3&deg; E.), Zverine Chasma (centered at lat 18.5&deg; N., long 271&deg; E.), and Hanwi Chasma (centered at lat 10.5&deg; N., long 247&deg; E.). The quadrangle also contains many intermediate to large volcanoes, including Polik-mana Mons and Nazit Mons. Eighteen coronae are located in the quadrangle, the largest of which is the 525 km across Taranga Corona, along with fourteen impact craters. Corona maximum widths are measured to the outer edge of the annulus. Lineaments that form the corona annulus are mapped in green for emphasis.</p>\n<p>The overall topography of V&ndash;28 consists of plains located slightly below mean planetary radius (MPR, 6051.84). The lowest regions are found in the rift trough (3.3 m below MPR), and the highest along the rift rim (4.3 km above MPR). The regions that are the roughest at Magellan radar wavelengths in the quadrangle occur along Hecate Chasma (root mean square [rms] slopes &gt;10&deg;), with most regions being relatively smooth (roughnesses comparable to the average Venus surface value of 2.84&deg;). Emissivity values in the quadrangle are typical of most venusian plains regions, with a range in values for the quadrangle of 0.68&ndash;0.91. The highest emissivity values in the quadrangle lie at the highest elevations in the quadrangle (corona rims and interiors).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3163","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Stofan, E.R., Guest, J.E., and Brian, A.W., 2012, Geologic map of the Hecate Chasma quadrangle (V-28), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3163, Pamphlet: i, 12 p.; Sheet : 50.45 x 32.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3163.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 12 p.; Sheet : 50.45 x 32.62 inches","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3163.gif"},{"id":414292,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M18X9F","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of the Hecate Chasma Quadrangle (V–28), Venus, 1:5M. 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