The hydrology and water quality of Whitewater and Rice Lakes was studied by the U.S. Geological Survey during November 15, 1990November 14, 1991, in cooperation with the Whitewater-Rice Lakes Management District, Walworth County, Wis. Whitewater and Rice Lakes are small, shallow lakes; surface areas are 697 and 162 acres and mean depths are 8.4 feet and 5.8 feet, respectively. Although both lakes have surface outlets, water levels were below the dam crests during the study, and no water left the lake through the outlets. The drainage basin of Whitewater Lake is 10.9 square miles and that of Rice Lake is 11.8 square miles; but, because of large amounts of depressional areas, only 1.4 square miles and 0.2 square mile, respectively, contribute surface runoff to the lakes. Whitewater Lake is an artificial lake created in 1947 by the damming of three smaller lakes. Rice Lake is an artificial lake created in 1954 by the damming of Whitewater Creek, which drains Whitewater Lake. Maintaining the lake levels at the elevations of their dam crests has been difficult since the lakes were created. For most years, water levels were below the lakes' dam crests.
\nGround water, precipitation, and evaporation are important components in the hydrologic budgets of the lakes. For Whitewater Lake, ground water was the dominant source of water, accounting for 57 percent of the inflow budget; precipitation accounted for 26 percent. Ground water also dominated the outflow, accounting for 81 percent of the outflow budget. The remaining 19 percent of the outflow budget was evaporation. For Rice Lake, precipitation was the dominant source of water, accounting for 88 percent of the inflow budget; ground water accounted for 8 percent. Evaporation dominated the outflow budget, at 70 percent, whereas ground water accounted for 30 percent.
\nThe external phosphorus budget for Whitewater Lake showed that shoreline drainage was the largest source of phosphorus to the lake42 percent of the total input of 558 pounds. Other sources of phosphorus were septic systems, 19 percent of the total; precipitation, 18 percent; a spring inlet at base flow, 13 percent; and ground water, 8 percent. The external phosphorus budget for Rice Lake showed that shoreline drainage also was the largest source of phosphorus to the lake-59 percent of the total input of 63 pounds; other sources were precipitation, 38 percent of the total; and ground water, 3 percent. Application of Vollenweider's phosphorus loading model fairly accurately predicted the lakes' spring turnover phosphorus concentrations and suggested that the external loading of phosphorus would result in mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions for Whitewater Lake and mesotrophic conditions for Rice Lake. Dillon and Rigler's model further suggested additional phosphorus from internal recycling was required to result in the high chlorophyll-a concentrations experienced in both systems during summer. Internal recycling of phosphorus in addition to external loading seems to also cause waterquality problems in both lakes. The amount of phosphorus recycled from the lake sediments was estimated from a mass-balance approach for April 1-November 14, 1991. For Whitewater Lake, the internal load of 582 pounds was slightly greater than the annual external load of 558 pounds. For Rice Lake, the internal load of 295 pounds far exceeded the annual external load of 63 pounds.
\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Whitewater-Rice Lakes Management District","usgsCitation":"Goddard, G., and Field, S.J., 1994, Hydrology and water quality of Whitewater and Rice lakes in southeastern Wisconsin, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4101, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944101.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56207,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4101/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Walworth County","otherGeospatial":"Rice Lake, Whitewater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.65486145019531,\n 42.84777884235988\n ],\n [\n -88.55941772460938,\n 42.805728711206285\n ],\n [\n -88.66756439208984,\n 42.71069600569494\n ],\n [\n -88.71700286865234,\n 42.66703805067892\n ],\n [\n -88.81553649902344,\n 42.718768102606354\n ],\n [\n -88.76850128173828,\n 42.77196720401213\n ],\n [\n -88.67408752441406,\n 42.85004420475656\n ],\n [\n -88.65486145019531,\n 42.84777884235988\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bcaed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goddard, Gerald","contributorId":54202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32782,"text":"ofr94504 - 1994 - Hydrologic data for the alluvium and terrace deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:11","indexId":"ofr94504","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-504","title":"Hydrologic data for the alluvium and terrace deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Ground water in the Quaternary alluvium and terrace deposits associated with the Cimarron River in northwestern Oklahoma is used extensively for irrigation, municipal, stock, and domestic supplies. The data in this report were collected as part of an investigation to provide State water managers with the quantitative knowledge necessary to manage the ground-water resource effectively. The investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey. The information presented in this report include data collected in the field from 1985 through 1989, and unpublished data compiled from files of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Data include well and test-bole records, consisting of ground-water levels, depth of wells, principal aquifer, and primary use of water. Water levels include continuous, daily, monthly, and periodic measure- ments for selected wells. Concentrations of common chemical constituents, selected trace elements, organic analyses, and tritium analyses of water samples from wells completed in the Cimarron River alluvium and terrace deposits and Permian geologic units are reported. Winter and summer base-flow discharge measurements of the Cimarron River and its Tributaries are presented together with water-quality data from the measuring sites. Continuous water-level and precipitation-gage data are presented graphically. Locations of data- collection sites are shown on plates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94504","usgsCitation":"Adams, G.P., Bergman, D.L., Pruitt, D., May, J., and Kurklin, J., 1994, Hydrologic data for the alluvium and terrace deposits of the Cimarron River from Freedom to Guthrie, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-504, vi, 231 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94504.","productDescription":"vi, 231 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0504/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60725,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6080ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Gregory P.","contributorId":13095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergman, D. L.","contributorId":93038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pruitt, D.J.","contributorId":79756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruitt","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, J.E.","contributorId":7741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurklin, J. K.","contributorId":59032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurklin","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":19091,"text":"ofr94385 - 1994 - Hydrologic data collection at Crowders Creek and Steele Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:17:30","indexId":"ofr94385","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-385","title":"Hydrologic data collection at Crowders Creek and Steele Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1991-92","docAbstract":"Rapid industrial and urban growth is anticipated in the vicinity of Crowders Creek near Clover, S.C., and Steele Creek near Fort Mill, S.C. These subbasins are in the Catawba River Basin in York County, S.C. To obtain baseline information on these basins prior to urbanization, gaging stations 02145642 (Crowders Creek near Clover, S.C.) and 021467801 (Steele Creek near Fort Mill, S.C.) were established to collect streamflow and water-quality data. Continuous stream-stage and streamflow data were collected during the periods of March 23, 1991 to September 30, 1992, and May 29, 1991 to September 30, 1992, for stations 02145642 and 021467801, respectively. Average streamflows for stations 02145642 and 021467801 for the study period were 80.5 cubic feet per second and 28.6 cubic feet per second, respectively. Water-quality data were collected on four separate occasions at each gage site; two samplings during low-flow events and two samplings during high-flow events. Fecal coliform concentrations exceeded minimum standards for freshwater with other physical and chemical constituents meeting South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control standards.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94385","usgsCitation":"Gissendanner, J.W., 1994, Hydrologic data collection at Crowders Creek and Steele Creek, York County, South Carolina, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-385, iv, 18 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94385.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0385/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"York County","city":"Fort Mill","otherGeospatial":"Crowders Creek, Steele Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.6448974609375,\n 34.6060845921693\n ],\n [\n -81.6448974609375,\n 35.4382955473967\n ],\n [\n -80.321044921875,\n 35.4382955473967\n ],\n [\n -80.321044921875,\n 34.6060845921693\n ],\n [\n -81.6448974609375,\n 34.6060845921693\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gissendanner, John W.","contributorId":26710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gissendanner","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26168,"text":"wri934003 - 1994 - Ground-water flow and quality, and geochemical processes, in Indian Wells Valley, Kern, Inyo, and San Bernardino counties, California, 1987-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri934003","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4003","title":"Ground-water flow and quality, and geochemical processes, in Indian Wells Valley, Kern, Inyo, and San Bernardino counties, California, 1987-88","docAbstract":"An existing water-quality data base for the 300- square-mile Indian Wells Valley was updated by means of chemical and isotopic analysis of ground water. The wide range in measured concentrations of major ions and of minor constituents such as fluoride, borate, nitrate, manganese, and iron is attributed to geochemical reactions within lacustrine deposits of the valley floor. These reactions include sulfate reduction accompanied by generation of alkalinity, precipitation of carbonates, exchange of aqueous alkaline-earth ions for sodium on clays, and dissolution of evaporite minerals. Differences in timing and location of recharge, which originates primarily in the Sierra Nevada to the west, and evapotranspiration from a shallow water table on the valley floor result in a wide range in ratios of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. As ground water moves from alluvium into lustrine deposits of the ancestral China Lake, dissolved-solids concen- trations increase from about 200 to more than 1,000 milligrams per liter; further large increases to several thousand milligrams per liter occur beneath the China Lake playa. Historical data show an increase during the past 20 years in dissolved- solids concentration in several wells in the principal pumping areas at Ridgecrest and between Ridgecrest and Inyokern. The increase apparently is caused by induced flow of saline ground water from nearby China, Mirror, and Satellite Lakes. A simplified advective-transport model calculates ground-water travel times between parts of the valley of at least several thousand years, indi- cating the presence of old ground water. A local ground-water line and an evaporation line estimated using isotopic data from the China Lake area inter- sect at a delta-deuterium value of about -125 permil. This indicates that late Pleistocene recharge was 15 to 35 permil more negative than current recharge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934003","usgsCitation":"Berenbrock, C., and Schroeder, R.A., 1994, Ground-water flow and quality, and geochemical processes, in Indian Wells Valley, Kern, Inyo, and San Bernardino counties, California, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4003, vi, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934003.","productDescription":"vi, 59 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54956,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54957,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31747,"text":"ofr94346 - 1994 - Approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1977-94 and 1993-94, and measured compaction, 1973-93, in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T19:19:50.514771","indexId":"ofr94346","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-346","title":"Approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1977-94 and 1993-94, and measured compaction, 1973-93, in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas","docAbstract":"
This report is one in a series of reports that depict water-level changes since 1977 and compaction of subsurface material since 1973. The report was prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, and presents maps showing the approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1977-94 and 1993-94 (figs. 1-4), extensometer site locations (fig. 5), and measured compaction, 1973-93 (fig. 6), in the Houston-Galveston region. Water-level change maps were prepared previously by Kasmarek and others (1993). The Houston-galveston region includes Harris and Galveston Counties and adjacent parts of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Waller, Montgomery, Liberty, and Chambers Counties.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94346","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Coplin, L., and Santos, H.X., 1994, Approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1977-94 and 1993-94, and measured compaction, 1973-93, in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-346, 6 Plates: 23.00 x 18.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94346.","productDescription":"6 Plates: 23.00 x 18.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr94346.PNG"},{"id":406259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12504.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21594,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0346/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21593,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0346/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21592,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0346/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21595,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0346/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21591,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0346/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21590,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0346/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.7403564453125,\n 29.14496502116881\n ],\n [\n -94.603271484375,\n 29.14496502116881\n ],\n [\n -94.603271484375,\n 30.0381887651539\n ],\n [\n -95.7403564453125,\n 30.0381887651539\n ],\n [\n -95.7403564453125,\n 29.14496502116881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplin, L.S.","contributorId":49366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplin","given":"L.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santos, Horacio X.","contributorId":97159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"Horacio","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31746,"text":"ofr94345 - 1994 - Approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1990-94 and 1993-94, in Fort Bend County and adjacent areas, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T11:55:19","indexId":"ofr94345","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-345","title":"Approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1990-94 and 1993-94, in Fort Bend County and adjacent areas, Texas","docAbstract":"Measurements of water levels from wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers were used to construct maps showing approximate changes of water levels in Fort Bend County and adjacent areas during 1990-94 and 1993-94.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94345","usgsCitation":"Coplin, L., and Santos, H.X., 1994, Approximate changes in water levels in wells completed in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1990-94 and 1993-94, in Fort Bend County and adjacent areas, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-345, 4 over-size sheets , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94345.","productDescription":"4 over-size sheets ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplin, L.S.","contributorId":49366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplin","given":"L.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santos, H. X.","contributorId":69611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":19585,"text":"ofr94706W - 1994 - Water-quality conditions and streamflow gain and loss of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek basin, Benton County, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr94706W","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-706","chapter":"W","title":"Water-quality conditions and streamflow gain and loss of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek basin, Benton County, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A study of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek Basin conducted baween July 14 and July 23. 1993. described the surface- and ground-water quality of the basin and the streamflow gain and loss. Water samples were collected from 10 sites on the mainstem of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek and from 4 sites on tributaries during periods of low to moderate streamflow (less than 11 cubic feet per second). Water samples were collected from 4 wells and 10 springs located in the basin.\r\n\r\nIn 14 surface-water samples, nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.75 to 4.2 milligrams per liter as nitrogen (mg/L). Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from 0 03 to O. 15 mg/L as phosphorus. Fecal coliform bacteria counts ranged from 61 to 1,400 colonies per 100 milliliters (col/lOO mL), with a median of 120 col/100 mL. Fecal streptococci bacteria counts ranged from 70 to greater than 2,000 col/100 mL with a median of 185 col/lOO mL. Analysis for selected metals collected at one surface-water sites indicates that concentrations were usually below the reporting limit.\r\n\r\nDiel dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperatures were measured at an upstream and downstream site on the mainstem of the stream. At the upstream site, dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 7.2 to 83 mg/L and temperatures ranged from 15.5 to 17.0 C. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were higher and temperature values were lower at lhe upstream site, which is located close to two springs that produce all of the flow at that site.\r\n\r\nDissolved nitrite plus nitrate was present in all four wells sampled in the basin with concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 3.5 mg/L as nitrogen. Orthophosphorus was present in concentrations ranging from less than 0.01 to 0.07 mg/L as phosphorus. Volatile organic compound analyses in two wells indicate that toluene was present in both wells and chloroform was present in one well. All other volatile organic compounds were found to be below the reporting limits. Analysis for common constituents and selected metals indicated that fluoride concentrations in one well exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's primary maximum contamination levels for drinking water.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of water samples collected from springs indicate that nitrite plus nitrate concen- trations ranged from 0.43 to 3.9 mg/L as nitrogen. Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.20 to 0.64 mg/L as nitrogen. Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen concentrations ranged from less than 0.20 to 0.64 mg/L at nitrogen. Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 mg/L as phosphorus. Fecal coliform bacteria counts ranged from less than 3 to more than 2,000 col/100 mL, with a median of 370 col/100 mL. Fecal streptococci bacteria counts ranged from less than 4 to greater than 2,000 col/100 mL with a median of 435 col/100 mL.\r\n\r\nStreamflow in nine reaches of the mainstream increased an average of 20 percent. Six losing reaches were identified during the study, one located on the mainstem and the other five located on tributaries to the mainstem.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94706W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., and Green, W.R., 1994, Water-quality conditions and streamflow gain and loss of the South Prong of Spavinaw Creek basin, Benton County, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-706, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94706W.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0706w/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0706w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.66666666666667,36.083333333333336 ], [ -94.66666666666667,36.583333333333336 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.583333333333336 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.083333333333336 ], [ -94.66666666666667,36.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488ee4b07f02db51e5c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26066,"text":"wri944039 - 1994 - Geologic history and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:08:36","indexId":"wri944039","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4039","title":"Geologic history and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards-Trinity aquifer system underlies about 42,000 square miles of west-central Texas. Nearly flat-lying, mostly Comanche (Lower Cretaceous) strata of the aquifer system thin northwestward atop massive pre-Cretaceous rocks that are comparatively impermeable and structurally complex. From predominately terrigenous clastic sediments in the east and fluvialdeltaic (terrestrial) deposits in the west, the rocks of early Trinitian age grade upward into supratidal evaporitic and dolomitic strata, intertidal limestone and dolostone, and shallow-marine, openshelf, and reefal strata of late Trinitian, Fredericksburgian, and Washitan age. A thick, downfaulted remnant of mostly open-marine strata of Eaglefordian through Navarroan age composes a small, southeastern part of the aquifer system.
\nThe Trinity Group was deposited atop a rolling peneplain of pre-Cretaceous rocks during three predominately transgressive cycles of sedimentation that encroached upon the Llano uplift. The Fredericksburg and Washita Groups were deposited above the Trinity Group mostly in the lee of the Stuart City reef trend, a shelf margin ridge that sheltered depositional environments in the study area. The Washita Group subsequently was covered with thick, mostly fine-grained Gulf strata.
\nDuring late Oligocene through early Miocene time, large-scale normal faulting formed the Balcones fault zone, where the Cretaceous strata were downfaulted, intensively fractured, and differentially rotated within a series of northeasttrending fault blocks. In addition to fracturing the rocks in the fault zone and extending the depth of freshwater diagenesis, the faulting vertically displaced the terrain, which steepened hydraulic gradients and maintained relatively high flow velocities near the surface. A shallow regime of dynamic ground-water flow evolved that promoted dissolution and enhanced the transmissivity of the Edwards Group in the Balcones fault zone. Cementation, recrystallization, and mineral replacement caused by deeper, comparatively sluggish ground-water circulation combined to diminish the transmissivity of the underlying Trinity Group, as well as most Cretaceous strata in the Hill Country, Edwards-Plateau, and Trans-Pecos.
\nThe Trinity, Fredericksburg, and Washita strata compose a regional aquifer system of three aquifers, whose water-transmitting characteristics generally are continuous in the lateral direction, and two hydraulically tight confining units. The aquifers are the Edwards aquifer in the Balcones fault zone, the Trinity aquifer in the Balcones fault zone and Hill Country, and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer in the Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos. The Navarro-Del Rio confining unit overlies the subcrop of the Edwards aquifer, and the Hammett confining unit lies within the updip, basal part of the Trinity aquifer and a small southeastern fringe of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer. The confining units are mostly calcareous mudstone, siltstone, and shale of low-energy terrigenous and openshelf marine depositional environments. The aquifers mainly result from fractures, joint cavities, and porosity caused by the dissolution of evaporites and unstable carbonate constituents.
\nBecause the diagenetic effects of cementation, recrystallization, and mineral replacement diminish the hydraulic conductivity of most rocks composing the Trinity and Edwards-Trinity aquifers, transmissivity values average less than 10,000 feet squared per day over more than 90 percent of the study area. However, the effects of tectonic fractures and dissolution in the Balcones fault zone cause transmissivity values to average about 750,000 feet squared per day in the Edwards aquifer, which occupies less than 10 percent of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944039","usgsCitation":"Barker, R., Bush, P.W., and Baker, E., 1994, Geologic history and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4039, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944039.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54843,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Edwards-Trinity aquifer system","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, R.A.","contributorId":28952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, E.T.","contributorId":11584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":18222,"text":"ofr94303 - 1994 - Water levels in wells J-11 and J-12, 1989-91, Yucca Mountain area, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr94303","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-303","title":"Water levels in wells J-11 and J-12, 1989-91, Yucca Mountain area, Nevada","docAbstract":"Water levels have been measured in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, since 1981 in order to gain a better understanding of the gound-water flow system in the area. Water level in wells J-11 and J-12 have been periodically measured using calibrated reeled steel tapes since 1989, however, calculation of water-level altitude was not possible prior to 1993 due to missing reference elevations. These elevations were determined in 1993 by the U.S. Geological Survey. During 1989-91, water-level altitudes for well J-11 ranged from 732.09 to 732.40 meters and the mean water-level altitude was 732.19 meters. During 1989-91, water-level altitudes for well J-12 ranged from 727.84 to 728.03 meters, and the mean water-level altitude was 727.95 meters.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94303","usgsCitation":"Boucher, M.S., 1994, Water levels in wells J-11 and J-12, 1989-91, Yucca Mountain area, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-303, iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94303.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0303/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47584,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0303/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucher, Michelle S.","contributorId":71192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucher","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19578,"text":"ofr94520 - 1994 - Selected ground-water data, and results of aquifer tests for the Upper Floridan aquifer, Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:52:12","indexId":"ofr94520","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-520","title":"Selected ground-water data, and results of aquifer tests for the Upper Floridan aquifer, Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia, area","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94520","usgsCitation":"Jones, L.E., and Maslia, M.L., 1994, Selected ground-water data, and results of aquifer tests for the Upper Floridan aquifer, Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia, area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-520, v, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94520.","productDescription":"v, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49050,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0520/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0520/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Glynn County","city":"Brunswick","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0404052734375,\n 30.70878122625409\n ],\n [\n -82.02941894531249,\n 31.739846973355032\n ],\n [\n -81.1065673828125,\n 31.751525328078905\n ],\n [\n -81.13471984863281,\n 30.70878122625409\n ],\n [\n -82.0404052734375,\n 30.70878122625409\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa2a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, L. Elliott 0000-0002-7394-2053 lejones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-2053","contributorId":44569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","email":"lejones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Elliott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maslia, Morris L.","contributorId":71952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslia","given":"Morris","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25994,"text":"wri934186 - 1994 - Low-flow and flow-duration characteristics of Alabama streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri934186","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4186","title":"Low-flow and flow-duration characteristics of Alabama streams","docAbstract":"Estimates of minimum 7-day average discharges with recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years for 228 continuous-record gaging stations are presented in this report. Low-flow frequency discharge estimates for 447 partial-record stations are also presented. These discharge estimates were computed by relating base-flow discharge measurements at the partial- record stations to daily-mean discharge values at selected continuous-record gaging stations. Flow- duration characteristics for 207 continuous-record gaging stations are also provided.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934186","usgsCitation":"Atkins, J., and Pearman, J., 1994, Low-flow and flow-duration characteristics of Alabama streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4186, v, 264 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934186.","productDescription":"v, 264 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54741,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4186/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkins, J.B.","contributorId":63842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearman, J. L.","contributorId":76353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearman","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27705,"text":"wri944250 - 1994 - Refining 1970's Land-Use Data With 1990 Population Data to Indicate New Residential Development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri944250","displayToPublicDate":"1995-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4250","title":"Refining 1970's Land-Use Data With 1990 Population Data to Indicate New Residential Development","docAbstract":"A procedure using a geographic information system was developed to define urban land use representative of the 1990's by overlaying U.S. Bureau of the Census 1990 population density at the block group level on 1970's digital land-use data from 1:250,000-and 1: 100,000scale maps. Any area having a population density of 1,000 or more people per square mile is re-classified as "urban" land use in the derivative product. The procedure was applied to 20 study units of the National Water-Quality Assessment program to provide what are considered reasonable indications of urbanization that has occurred since the 1970's.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri944250","usgsCitation":"Hitt, K.J., 1994, Refining 1970's Land-Use Data With 1990 Population Data to Indicate New Residential Development: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4250, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944250.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11621,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri944250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Kerie J.","contributorId":54565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Kerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26118,"text":"wri944195 - 1994 - Directions of ground-water flow and locations of ground-water divides in the Lost River Watershed near Orleans, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T13:18:09","indexId":"wri944195","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4195","title":"Directions of ground-water flow and locations of ground-water divides in the Lost River Watershed near Orleans, Indiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperations with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted a study during October 1993-April 1994 to improve an understanding of the hydrology of the Lost River watershed near Orleans, Ind. Elements of the study included: (1) constructing a map of the composite ground-water potentiometric-surface of the study area, (2) injecting and recovering fluorescent dyes at karst features in the study area to help locate ground-water-flow paths and drainage divides, (3) compiling a bibliography of references describing the study area, and (4) constructing a map of karst features. The composite ground- water-potentiometric surface map and the eight dye traces done as part of this study indicate the approximate locations of the subsurface drainage divides near Orleans. Subsurface drainage near Orleans flows primarily southwest to a reemergence at Orangeville Rise, Orangeville, Ind. Dye clouds injected north of the Orangeville Rise drainage basin reemerged in the Hamer Cave outlet stream, Spring Mill State Park, Ind. The drainage divide that separates subsurface flow to Orangeville Rise from flow to Hamer Cave does not coincide with the surface-water drainage divide. Several factors may contribute to the flooding in Orleans, including: (1) an overtaxed storm sewer system, (2) location of the town in a karst valley, (3) a high runoff- rainfall relation for a 1oess- and residuum-covered area that drains into an occluded sinkhole near the center of Orleans, and (4) an overtaxed subsurface drainage system during periods of intense rainfall.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944195","usgsCitation":"Bayless, E.R., Taylor, C., and Hopkins, M., 1994, Directions of ground-water flow and locations of ground-water divides in the Lost River Watershed near Orleans, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4195, v, 25 p. : maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944195.","productDescription":"v, 25 p. : maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54919,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54920,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54921,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4195/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Orleans","otherGeospatial":"Lost River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"id\": \"724\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"Hancock\",\n \"state\": \"IN\"\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.5774,\n 39.9459\n ],\n [\n -85.5759,\n 39.8738\n ],\n [\n -85.5969,\n 39.8735\n ],\n [\n -85.5968,\n 39.786\n ],\n [\n -85.6333,\n 39.7862\n ],\n [\n -85.6338,\n 39.6987\n ],\n [\n -85.6876,\n 39.6987\n ],\n [\n -85.7993,\n 39.6993\n ],\n [\n -85.913,\n 39.6976\n ],\n [\n -85.9518,\n 39.6969\n ],\n [\n -85.9541,\n 39.8696\n ],\n [\n -85.9379,\n 39.87\n ],\n [\n -85.9369,\n 39.9272\n ],\n [\n -85.8625,\n 39.9286\n ],\n [\n -85.8624,\n 39.9436\n ],\n [\n -85.5774,\n 39.9459\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.53690338134766,\n 38.564810956372185\n ],\n [\n -86.53690338134766,\n 38.72435830769245\n ],\n [\n -86.3031005859375,\n 38.72435830769245\n ],\n [\n -86.3031005859375,\n 38.564810956372185\n ],\n [\n -86.53690338134766,\n 38.564810956372185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":42586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, C.J.","contributorId":22337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, M.S.","contributorId":101255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19485,"text":"ofr94544 - 1994 - Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr94544","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-544","title":"Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri","docAbstract":"A field inspection methodology, a scour- susceptibility ranking procedure, and a data base management system were developed for the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department to use for scour inspection and assessment at bridges throughout the State. Because scour can cause bridge failure, federal statute mandates that the approximately 4,700 state-owned bridges over water be assessed for scour-related problems. The Missouri Scour Assessment Field Form was developed so that bridge inspectors from the Missouri Highway and Transportation Department could collect data at a bridge site quickly and thoroughly. The arrangement of the form allows inspectors to collect specific quantitative data at each area with a minimum of wasted steps. The Missouri Bridge Scour data base was developed to store and manipulate scour data collected during field inspections. Scour data in the data base can be updated, printed, and tabulated with other records using several criteria. A potential scour index and an observed scour index are calculated within the data base for each bridge site. The data base also may have multiple entries for a single site, providing versatility whereby recent inspections may be compared with earlier inspections to document long-term trends and changes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94544","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., and Waite, L.A., 1994, Methodology for the assessment of scour at bridge sites in Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-544, v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94544.","productDescription":"v, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0544/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0544/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ff1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huizinga, Richard J. 0000-0002-2940-2324 huizinga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2940-2324","contributorId":2089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huizinga","given":"Richard","email":"huizinga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Loyd A.","contributorId":79914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Loyd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29693,"text":"wri944231 - 1994 - Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri944231","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4231","title":"Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio","docAbstract":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in southwestern Ohio, has operated three well fields--Area B, Skeel Road, and the East Well Fields--to supply potable water for consumption and use for base activities. To protect these well fields from contamination and to comply with the Ohio Wellhead Protection Plan, the Base is developing a wellhead-protection program for the well fields.\r\n\r\nA three-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model was developed in 1993 to simulate heads in (1) the buried-valley aquifer system that is tapped by the two active well fields, and in (2) an upland bedrock aquifer that may supply water to the wells. An advective particle-tracking algorithm that requires estimated porosities and simulated heads was used to estimate ground-water-flow pathlines and traveltimes to the active well fields. Contributing recharge areas (CRA's)--areas on the water table that contribute water to a well or well field--were generated for 1-, 5-, and 10-year traveltimes.\r\n\r\nResults from the simulation and subsequent particle tracking indicate that the CRA's for the Skeel Road Well Fields are oval and extend north- ward, toward the Mad River, as pumping at the well field increases. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of Skeel Road Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.5, 1.5 and 3.2 square miles, respectively. The CRA's for the Area B Well Field extend to the north, up the Mad River Valley; as pumping increases at the well field, the CRA's extend up the Mad River Valley under Huffman Dam. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of Area B Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.1, 0.5, and 0.9 square miles, respectively. The CRA's for the East Well Field are affected by nearby streams under average pumping conditions. The sizes of the 1-, 5-, and 10-year CRA's of the East Well Field, under maximum pumping conditions, are approximately 0.2, 1.2, and 2.4 square miles, respectively. However, as pumping increases at the East Well Field, the ground-water-flow model develops numerical instabilities which limit the usefulness of the CRA's.\r\n\r\nSensitivity analyses show that variation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity and porosity in the upland bedrock does not affect the CRA's of the Skeel Road Well Field but does have a slight affect on the CRA's of the Area B Well Field. Uncertainties in horizontal hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the valley-train deposits have the largest affect on the size and shape of the CRA's of the Skeel Road Well Field. The position and size of the CRA's of Area B are probably also controlled by induced infiltration from the nearby Mad River and by pumping at the Rohrer's Island Well Field. However, uncertainty in riverbed conductance, which affects induced infiltration, does not significantly affect the size and shape of these CRA's.\r\n\r\nPumping centers not included in the ground-water-flow model do not appreciably affect the CRA's of the Area B and Skeel Road Well Fields under normal pumping. The pumping centers, located near Huffman Dam, will probably limit the northern extent of teh CRA's of Area B Well Field under greater than normal pumping conditions. The CRA's of the East Well Field will propagate farther to the northeast and southwest as a result of the increased pumping-related stress to the aquifer system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944231","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R.A., 1994, Contributing recharge areas to water-supply wells at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4231, iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944231.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db6296f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, R. A.","contributorId":43381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30069,"text":"wri944189 - 1994 - Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T19:17:38.007782","indexId":"wri944189","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4189","title":"Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Dye-tracer tests were done during 1985-92 to investigate the hydraulic connection between fractures in Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata at a ridge-and-valley-wall site near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Ky. Fluorescent dye was injected into a core hole penetrating near-surface and mining-induced fractures near the crest of the ridge. The rate and direction of migration of dye in the subsurface were determined by measuring the relative concentration of dye in water samples collected from piezometers completed in conductive fracture zones and fractured coal beds at various stratigraphic horizons within the ridge. Dye-concentration data and water-level measurements for each piezometer were plotted as curves on dye-recovery hydrographs. The dye-recovery hydrographs were used to evaluate trends in the fluctuation of dye concentrations and hydraulic heads in order to identify geologic and hydrologic factors affecting the subsurface transport of dye.
The principal factors affecting the transport of dye in the subsurface hydrologic system were determined to be (1) the distribution, interconnection, and hydraulic properties of fractures; (2) hydraulic-head conditions in the near-fracture zone at the time of dye injection; and (3) subsequent short- and long-term fluctuations in recharge to the hydrologic system. In most of the dye-tracer tests, dye-recovery hydrographs are characterized by complex, multipeaked dye-concentration curves that are indicative of a splitting of dye flow as ground water moved through fractures. Intermittent dye pulses (distinct upward spikes in dye concentration) mark the arrivals of dye-labeled water to piezometers by way of discrete fracture-controlled flow paths that vary in length, complexity, and hydraulic conductivity. Dye injections made during relatively high- or increasinghead conditions resulted in rapid transport of dye (within several days or weeks) from near-surf ace fractures to piezometers. Injections made during relatively low- or decreasing-head conditions resulted in dye being trapped in hydraulically dead zones in water-depleted fractures. Residual dye was remobilized from storage and transported (over periods ranging from several months to about 2 years) by increased recharge to the hydrologic system. Subsequent fluctuations in hydraulic gradients, resulting from increases or decreases in recharge to the hydrologic system, acted to speed or slow the transport of dye along the fracture-controlled flow paths.
The dye-tracer tests also demonstrated that mining-related disturbances significantly altered the natural fracture-controlled flow paths of the hydrologic system over time. An abandoned underground mine and subsidence-related surface cracks extend to within 250 ft of the principal dye-injection core hole. Results from two of the dye-tracer tests at the site indicate that the annular seal in the core hole was breached by subsurface propagation of the mining-induced fractures. This propagation of fractures resulted in hydraulic short-circuiting between the dye-injection zone in the core hole and two lower piezometer zones, and a partial disruption of the hydraulic connection between the injection core hole and downgradient piezometers on the ridge crest and valley wall. In addition, injected dye was detected in piezometers monitoring a flooded part of the abandoned underground mine. Dye was apparently transported into the mine through a hydraulic connection between the injection core hole and subsidence-related fractures.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.J., 1994, Summary and interpretation of dye-tracer tests to investigate the hydraulic connection of fractures at a ridge-and-valley-wall site, near Fishtrap Lake, Pike County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4189, Report: v, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 17.66 x 13.46 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944189.","productDescription":"Report: v, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 17.66 x 13.46 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395712,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48064.htm"},{"id":354755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58880,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4189/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Pike County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.37029552459717,\n 37.430466695526114\n ],\n [\n -82.3624849319458,\n 37.430466695526114\n ],\n [\n -82.3624849319458,\n 37.43581686206661\n ],\n [\n -82.37029552459717,\n 37.43581686206661\n ],\n [\n -82.37029552459717,\n 37.430466695526114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699653","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":93100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30558,"text":"wri944192 - 1994 - Radioactivity in the environment; a case study of the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:09","indexId":"wri944192","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4192","title":"Radioactivity in the environment; a case study of the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico","docAbstract":"This report, written for the nontechnical reader, summarizes the results of a study from 1988-91 of the occurrence and transport of selected radionuclides and other chemical constituents in the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico. More than two decades of uranium mining and the 1979 failure of an earthen dam containing mine tailings released high levels of radionuclides and other chemical constituents to the Puerco River, a tributary of the Little Colorado River. Releases caused public concern that ground water and streamflow downstream from mining were contaminated. Study findings show which radioactive elements are present, how these elements are distributed between water and sediment in the environment, how concentrations of radioactive elements vary naturally within basins, and how levels of radioactivity have changed since the end of mining. Although levels of radioactive elements and other trace elements measured in streamflow commonly exceed drinking-water standards, no evidence was found to indicate that the high concentrations were still related to uraniurn mining. Sediment radioactivity was higher at sample sites on streams that drain the eastern part of the Little Colorado River basin than that of samples from the western part. Radioactivity of suspended sediment measured in this study, therefore, represents natural conditions for the streams sampled rather than an effect of mining. Because ground water beneath the Puerco River channel is shallow, the aquifer is vulnerable to contamination. A narrow zone of ground water beneath the Puerco River containing elevated uranium concentrations was identified during the study. The highest concentrations were nearest the mines and in samples collected in the first few feet beneath the streambed. Natuxal radiation levels in a few areas of the underlying sedimentary aquifer not connected to the Puerco River also exceeded water quality standards. Water testing would enable those residents not using public water supplies to determine if their water is safe to use.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944192","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., 1994, Radioactivity in the environment; a case study of the Puerco and Little Colorado River basins, Arizona and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4192, iii, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944192.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59324,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6346ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17795,"text":"ofr94539 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:38:17.869004","indexId":"ofr94539","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-539","title":"U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94539","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Demas, C.R., Fitzgerald, K.K., Miller, T.L., and Rickert, D.A., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-539, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94539.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47036,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0539/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0539/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, K. K.","contributorId":34501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. L.","contributorId":54557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rickert, D. A.","contributorId":53773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickert","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":27669,"text":"wri944158 - 1994 - Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:34:39.657275","indexId":"wri944158","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4158","title":"Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia","docAbstract":"This report describes the effects of flood-detention reservoirs on downstream peak discharges of two urban tributaries to Kinchafoonee Creek (tributaries 1 and 2) in Albany, Georgia and presents simulated flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs. Rainfall-runoff data were collected for six years at two stations in these two urban watersheds. Tributary number 1 basin has a drainage area of 0.12 square miles, contains 23.8 percent impervious area, and contains two detention reservoirs. Tributary number 2 basin has a drainage area of 0.09 square miles, contains 12.9 percent impervious area, and has one detention reservoir. The Distributed Routing Rainfall-Runoff Model (DR3M) was calibrated using rainfall-runoff data collected during 1987- 92 at each station. DR3M was then used to simulate long-term (1906-33, 1941-73) peak discharges for these stations for conditions ranging from the existing condition with all detention reservoirs in place to the condition of no detention reservoirs. Flood-frequency relations based on the long-term peak discharges were developed for each simulation by fitting the logarithms of the annual peak discharge data to a Pearson type III distribution curve. The effect of detention reservoirs on peak discharge data to a Pearson type III distribution curve. The effect of detention reservoirs on peak discharges was determined by comparison of simulated flood-frequency peak discharges for conditions with and without the detention reservoirs. The comparisons indicated that the removal of flood-detention reservoirs from the tributary number 1 basin would increase the 10-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges by 164 to 204 percent. Removal of the reservoir from tributary number 2 basin would increase these discharges by about 145 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944158","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., and Inman, E.J., 1994, Effects of urban flood-detention reservoirs on peak discharges and flood frequencies, and simulation of flood-detention reservoir outflow hydrographs in two watersheds in Albany, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4158, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944158.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393931,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48037.htm"},{"id":56520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4158/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4158/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.2706298828125,\n 31.508312698943445\n ],\n [\n -84.04403686523438,\n 31.508312698943445\n ],\n [\n -84.04403686523438,\n 31.631167783684678\n ],\n [\n -84.2706298828125,\n 31.631167783684678\n ],\n [\n -84.2706298828125,\n 31.508312698943445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f92d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, G. W.","contributorId":43338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Inman, E. J.","contributorId":44193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31739,"text":"ofr94702 - 1994 - Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr94702","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-702","title":"Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi","docAbstract":"The only semipermanent surface water available on the Southern High \r\nPlains plateau of Texas and New Mexico is contained in saline lakes and \r\nin the playa lakes that form in shallow depressions, called playa \r\nbasins, following heavy rainfall. The playas generally are accepted as \r\nthe main source of recharge to the underlying High Plains (Ogallala) \r\naquifer of the region, and they constitute the major wildlife habitat on \r\nthe Southern High Plains. Their use as water sources, holding ponds, \r\nand waste-disposal sites by agricultural and industrial operations may \r\npotentially lead to ground-water contamination and habitat degradation. \r\nTherefore, playa lakes will play an essential role in the collection of \r\nsurface-water quality and ecological data for the Southern High Plains \r\nstudy unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program of the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94702","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., 1994, Neogene and Quaternary foraminifera and paleoenvironments of a corehole from Horn Island, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-702, 24 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94702.","productDescription":"24 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0702/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0702/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20128,"text":"ofr93435 - 1994 - Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:21:29","indexId":"ofr93435","displayToPublicDate":"1995-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-435","title":"Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles","docAbstract":"In May 1980, the University of Minnesota began a project to evaluate the feasibility of storing heated water (150 degrees Celsius) in the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer (180 to 240 meters below land surface) and later recovering it for space heating. The University's steam-generation facilities supplied high-temperature water for injection. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage system is a doublet-well design in which the injection-withdrawal wells are spaced approximately 250 meters apart. Water was pumped from one of the wells through a heat exchanger, where heat was added or removed. This water was then injected back into the aquifer through the other well.
\nFour short-term test cycles were completed. Each cycle consisted of approximately equal durations of injection and withdrawal ranging from 5.25 to 8.01 days. Equal rates of injection and withdrawal, ranging from 17.4 to 18.6 liters per second, were maintained for each short-term test cycle. Average injection temperatures ranged from 88.5 to 117.9 degrees Celsius.
\nTemperature graphs for selected depths at individual observation wells indicate that the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones received and stored more thermal energy than the upper part of the Franconia Formation. Clogging of the Ironton Sandstone was possibly due to precipitation of calcium carbonate or movement of fine-grain material or both. Vertical-profile plots indicate that the effects of buoyancy flow were small within the aquifer.
\nA three-dimensional, anisotropic, nonisothermal, ground-water-flow, and thermal-energy-transport model was constructed to simulate the four short-term test cycles. The model was used to simulate the entire short-term testing period of approximately 400 days. The only model properties varied during model calibration were longitudinal and transverse thermal dispersivities, which, for final calibration, were simulated as 3.3 and 0.33 meters, respectively. The model was calibrated by comparing model-computed results to (1) measured temperatures at selected altitudes in four observation wells, (2) measured temperatures at the production well, and (3) calculated thermal efficiencies of the aquifer. Model-computed withdrawal-water temperatures were within an average of about 3 percent of measured values and model-computed aquifer-thermal efficiencies were within an average of about 5 percent of calculated values for the short-term test cycles. These data indicate that the model accurately simulated thermal-energy storage within the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr93435","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., and Delin, G., 1994, Cyclic injection, storage, and withdrawal of heated water in a sandstone aquifer at St. Paul, Minnesota: Analysis of thermal data and nonisothermal modeling of short-term test cycles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-435, vi, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93435.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0435/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95441,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0435/report.pdf","size":"13067","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Robert T.","contributorId":91892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}