{"pageNumber":"1647","pageRowStart":"41150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":27905,"text":"wri944124 - 1994 - Ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration in a desert environment of southern Nevada, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T20:00:49.325476","indexId":"wri944124","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4124","title":"Ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration in a desert environment of southern Nevada, 1987","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) data were collected at two sites where microclimates are typical of the Mojave Desert in southern Nevada-one site with and one without ground-water contributions to ET--under extremely arid desert conditions. By comparing the rate of evapotranspiration at the two sites, the amount of ground-water ET can be inferred. This method may be useful for quantifying ground-water discharge by ET around basin playas or the summer carbonate-aquifer springs, ET rates are greatest in early spring, but are less than 0.6 millimeter per day (mm/d). As the summer progresses and soil moisture is depleted, ET drops below 0.1 mm/d and vegetation wilts. In areas'with a ground-water contribution, under similar climatic conditions, ET rates increase with increasing solar radiation and plant growth from 1 mm/d in winter to an average of 1.5 to 3.0 mm/d in spring. The highest average is about 5.0 mm/d, in June, July, and August, with fluctuations generally between 3.0 and 7.0 mm/d; the rate then decreases from 3.0 to less than 1.0 mm/d by late autumn. A comparison of monthly ET totals based on average daily rates at the two sites indicates that about 520 millimeters of ground water was lost to ET at Ash Meadows during the 6 months of record, April through September 1987. This is in general agreement with the range of values estimated for areas with native vegetation in the Amargosa Desert where the depth to water was between 0.0 and 1.5 meters. Estimated rates ranged from 320 to 760 millimeters per year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944124","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., 1994, Ground-water discharge by evapotranspiration in a desert environment of southern Nevada, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4124, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944124.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415597,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48010.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4124/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.25,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3667,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3667,\n              36.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25,\n              36.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25,\n              36.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, M. J.","contributorId":52988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29273,"text":"wri944166 - 1994 - Hydrogeology and water-quality conditions at the City of Olathe Landfill, east-central Kansas, 1990-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri944166","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4166","title":"Hydrogeology and water-quality conditions at the City of Olathe Landfill, east-central Kansas, 1990-93","docAbstract":"Water quality at the City of Olathe Landfill in east-central Kansas was examined in relation to hydrogeologic conditions to help determine the effects of the landfill on shallow ground water. This study focused on the Wyandotte and Plattsburg Limestones underlying the landfill. The Wyandotte Limestone underlies the entire landfill, whereas the overlying Plattsburg Limestone crops out within the landffll boundaries. Little Cedar Creek, an unnamed tributary, and a pond are located in the landfill. Water samples from seven monitoring wells and five surface-water sites in the vicinity of the City of Olathe Landfill were collected for analysis of inorganic and organic constituents. The inorganic constituents in the ground water that are most affected in the vicinity of the landfill are calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, ammonia, barium, iron, and manganese. The dissolved- organic-carbon concentration at a seep flowing from the Plattsburg Limestone was 1,400 milligrams per liter, indicating that the landfill is affecting the water quality near the seep. Benzene was detected in all of the water samples, and the largest concentration was in a sample collected upgradient of the landfill. The benzene concentration exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level (0.005 milligram per liter) for drinking-water supplies. Six of the eight specific organic compounds detected were found in a water sample collected from the Plattsburg Limestone immediately downgradient of the landfill. No organic compoands, except benzene, were detected in samples collected from the Wyandotte Limestone downgradient of the landfill.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944166","usgsCitation":"Rasmussen, P., Shockley, J., and Hargadine, D.A., 1994, Hydrogeology and water-quality conditions at the City of Olathe Landfill, east-central Kansas, 1990-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4166, vi, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944166.","productDescription":"vi, 44 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4166/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58122,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasmussen, P.P.","contributorId":6887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shockley, J.C.","contributorId":18029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shockley","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hargadine, D. A.","contributorId":18013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hargadine","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20351,"text":"ofr9468 - 1994 - Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:46","indexId":"ofr9468","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-68","title":"Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92","docAbstract":"Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data were collected furing storm conditions at five urban watersheds in Nashville, Tennessee. These data can be used to build a database for developing predictive models of the relations between storm- water quality and land use, storm characteristics, and seasonal variations. The primary land and mix of land uses was different for each watershed. Stormwater samples were collected during three storms at each watershed and analyzed for selected volatile, acidic and base/neutral organic compounds; organic pesticides; trace metals; conventional pollutants; and several physical properties. Storm loads were computed for all constituents and properties with event mean concentration above the minimum reporting level. None of the samples con- tained acidic organic compounds at concentrations above the minimum reporting levels. Several constituents in each of the other categories, however, were present at concentrations above the minimum reporting level. For 21 of these constituents, water-quality criteria have been pro- mulgated by the State of Tennessee. For only 8 of the 21 did the value exceed the most restrictive of the criteria: pyrene, dieldrin, and mercury concen- trations and counts of fecal coliform exceeded the criteria for recreational use, copper and zinc concentrations and pH value exceeded the criteria for fish and aquatic life, and lead concentrations exceeded the criteria for domestic supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9468","usgsCitation":"Outlaw, G.S., Hoos, A.B., and Pankey, J.T., 1994, Rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data for five small watersheds, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-68, iv, 43 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9468.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1142,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr_94-68","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Outlaw, George S.","contributorId":88767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outlaw","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoos, Anne B. abhoos@usgs.gov","contributorId":2236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoos","given":"Anne","email":"abhoos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pankey, John T.","contributorId":105750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29353,"text":"wri944155 - 1994 - Development and application of generalized-least-squares regression models to estimate low-flow duration discharges in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri944155","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4155","title":"Development and application of generalized-least-squares regression models to estimate low-flow duration discharges in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Physically based mathematical models were developed by use of generalized-least-squares regression analyses to estimate long-term 95-, 98-, and 99-percent duration discharges for ungaged streams in Massachusetts. Duration discharges for 61 sites were used in the recession analyses; 37 sites were streamflow-gaging stations and 24 sites were low-flow partial-record stations. The duration discharges were related to basin chacteristics measured from digital data bases, by use of geographic information systems computer software. Significant chacterisfics used in the models were drainage area, area underlain by stratified-drift deposits per unit of stream length in the basin, and a surrogate for the effective head on the aquifer in the stratified-drift deposits, computed by subtracting the minimum basin elevation from the mean basin elevation. Standard errors of prediction were 57.5, 85.6, and 98.5 percent for models for the 95-, 98-, and 99-percent duration discharges, respectively. Model error variances were about 10 times the sampling error variances, indicating that the precision of future models are likely to be improved more by obtaining better measurements of basin characteristics or by adding new sites to the analyses than by collecting more streamflow data at the sites presently used in the analyses. The models were used to predict duration discharges for 35 selected sites in the Concord River, Noah Coastal, South Coastal, Narragansett and Tenmile River Basins. Ninety-perrcent prediction intervals were computed for the estimates at each of the sites, except at sites where values of the independent variables were outside the ranges of those for the sites used in the regression analyses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944155","usgsCitation":"Ries, K., 1994, Development and application of generalized-least-squares regression models to estimate low-flow duration discharges in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4155, iv, 33 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944155.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58205,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6672fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28842,"text":"wri934116 - 1994 - Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system model to simulate dry season runoff for three watersheds in south-central Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri934116","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4116","title":"Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system model to simulate dry season runoff for three watersheds in south-central Guam","docAbstract":"The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System model was calibrated and verified using existing hydrologic and climatic data for the Maulap and Imong River watersheds for simulation of dry season runoff from three gaged areas that contribute to the Fena Reservoir water supply. The model was applied to the Almagosa River watershed by transferring calibrated parameters and coefficients because data were not available for daily diversions of as much as 3.9 cubic feet per second of runoff at Almagosa Springs. Application of the model in the watershed of Fena Reservoir can provide a physically based method for estimating reservoir recharge during the dry season, January through May. Estimated recharge can be examined in relation to the effect of varying intensities of monthly reservoir-water production in order to identify a basis for the rational release of water.  Differences between simulated and observed monthly mean runoff for dry season months in the verification period (November 1980 through December 1981) ranged from-0.04 cubic feet per second (-3.51 percent) to 0.74 cubic feet per second (30.34 percent) at Maulap River and from 0.03 cubic feet per second (1.3 percent) to 1.19 cubic feet per second (27.95 percent) at Imong River. On the basis of runoff simulations for the four complete dry seasons included in the total calibration and verification periods (1981 and 1984-86), the total volume of runoff during the 5month dry season can be predicted to within 20 percent of actual runoff at Maulap River, and to within 27 percent at Imong River.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934116","usgsCitation":"Nakama, L., 1994, Application of the precipitation-runoff modeling system model to simulate dry season runoff for three watersheds in south-central Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4116, v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934116.","productDescription":"v, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57717,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a66f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakama, L.Y.","contributorId":27097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakama","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26884,"text":"wri944157 - 1994 - Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer — Predevelopment to 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:27:50.035672","indexId":"wri944157","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4157","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer — Predevelopment to 1993","docAbstract":"Water-level change in the High Plains aquifer underlying parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming results from differences in recharge from precipitation and ground-water withdrawals for irrigation. From the beginning of irrigation development (1940) to 1980, water levels declined in several areas, and exceeded 100 feet in parts of the Central and Southern High Plains. From 1980 to 1993, water-level declines continued in these same areas, but at a smaller annual rate. This smaller rate of decline was associated with above-normal precipitation during 1981-93 and a decrease in ground-water application rates. Declines exceeding 20 feet from 1980 to 1993 were common in areas of intense irrigation development in the Central and Southern High Plains. In the Northern High Plains, water levels declined 10 to 20 feet from 1980 to 1993 in parts of northeastern Colorado, northwestern Kansas, southwestern Nebraska, and the Nebraska Panhandle. Water-level rises exceeding 20 feet, however, occurred in the Southern High Plains of Texas. Also, rises of 10 to 20 feet occurred in parts of southeastern and south-central Nebraska. The average area-weighted water level rose 0.21 foot from 1992 to 1993 in association was well-above normal precipitation in 1992. Water-level declines, however, continued in the intensively irrigated areas of the Central High Plains. Declines also' continued in the northern part of the Southern High Plains in spite of well-above normal precipitation. Water-level rises from 1992 to 1993 was widespread in eastern and southern Nebraska, northwestern and south-central Kansas, and in the southern two-thirds of the Southern High Plains of Texas in association with well-above normal precipitation in 1992. These rises exceeded 3 feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944157","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., and Cox, D.A., 1994, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer — Predevelopment to 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4157, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944157.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392981,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48036.htm"},{"id":55775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4157/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              43.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.8203125,\n              31.353636941500987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, D. A.","contributorId":105766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25675,"text":"wri944002 - 1994 - Nationwide summary of US Geological Survey regional regression equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"wri944002","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4002","title":"Nationwide summary of US Geological Survey regional regression equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites, 1993","docAbstract":"For many years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been involved in the development of regional regression equations for estimating flood magnitude and frequency at ungaged sites. These regression equations are used to transfer flood characteristics from gaged to ungaged sites through the use of watershed and climatic characteristics as explanatory or predictor variables. Generally these equations have been developed on a statewide or metropolitan area basis as part of cooperative study programs with specific State Departments of Transportation or specific cities.  The USGS, in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, has compiled all the current (as of September 1993) statewide and metropolitan area regression equations into a micro-computer program titled the National Flood Frequency Program.This program includes regression equations for estimating flood-peak discharges and techniques for estimating a typical flood hydrograph for a given recurrence interval peak discharge for unregulated rural and urban watersheds. These techniques should be useful to engineers and hydrologists for planning and design applications. This report summarizes the statewide regression equations for rural watersheds in each State, summarizes the applicable metropolitan area or statewide regression equations for urban watersheds, describes the National Flood Frequency Program for making these computations, and provides much of the reference information on the extrapolation variables needed to run the program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944002","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., Thomas, W., and Riggs, H.C., 1994, Nationwide summary of US Geological Survey regional regression equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4002, v, 196 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.) [PGS - 203 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944002.","productDescription":"v, 196 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.) [PGS - 203 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54443,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4002/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.E.","contributorId":76775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, W.O. Jr.","contributorId":32133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riggs, H. C.","contributorId":17210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25412,"text":"wri944149 - 1994 - Characterization of the hydrogeology and water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:48:52","indexId":"wri944149","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4149","title":"Characterization of the hydrogeology and water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-92","docAbstract":"<p>The Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) program is part of a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural management systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The Minnesota MSEA project is one of five projects selected to represent the principal hydrogeologic settings and geographic diversity of prevailing management systems in the midwest corn belt. The Minnesota MSEA research area is located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. The water-quality monitoring network within the 65-hectare research area consists of 29 observation wells and 22 multiport wells. Thirteen observation wells also are located outside the research area.</p>\n<p>Glacial deposits beneath the research area generally consist of fine to medium sand in the unsaturated zone and coarse to very coarse sand and gravel in the saturated zone. The average depth to the water table is about 3.6 meters below land surface. Ground-water recharge during 1992 was lower (4.9-13.2 centimeters) than during 1991 (11.7-25.7 centimeters) because of reduced precipitation (58.5 centimeters during 1992 and 94.5 centimeters during 1991).</p>\n<p>Estimates of saturated horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the surficial aquifer were made using five methods. Results were within about two orders of magnitude and also agree favorably with estimates from a previous study of the Anoka Sand Plain. The smallest hydraulic conductivities were obtained using laboratory analyses (0.0052 centimeters per second) and the largest estimate was obtained from results of an aquifer test (0.2820 centimeters per second). The estimate of hydraulic conductivity based on the time of travel of chloride (0.0655 centimeters per second) is considered most accurate and representative of the surficial aquifer in the research area.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Anthropogenic effects of previous land use were detected in water samples collected during April 1991, prior to implementation of the MSEA farming systems. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) in the surficial aquifer equaled or exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's recommended maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in 4 of the 7 wells in the research area. The maximum concentration of nitrate-N in ground water from these wells was 23 mg/L with a median of 10 mg/L. The median concentration of nitrate-N for these wells exceeded the median in wells located upgradient from the research area (2.1 mg/L). Similarly, the median concentration of chloride from wells in the research area (11 mg/L) exceeded the median in upgradient wells (3.8 mg/L). On-site sources of the elevated nitrate-N include decomposition of alfalfa, grown on-site during 1981-89, and application of nitrogen fertilizer to corn during 1990. A likely on-site source of the elevated chloride is application of potassium-chloride fertilizer to crops prior to 1991.</p>\n<p>Atrazine was detected by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy in 2 of the 7 wells in the research area at concentrations of 0.04 and 0.17 micrograms per liter (ug/L), well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's recommended maximum contaminant level of 3 ug/L. The median concentration in these Wells was less than the qualitative detection limit of 0.01 ug/L. Atrazine metabolite de-ethylatrazine was the most frequently detected herbicide or herbicide metabolite. De-ethylatrazine was detected in 5 of the 7 wells in the research area at concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 0.32 ug/L with a median concentration of 0.14 ug/L. Atrazine metabolite de-isopropylatrazine was not detected above the qualitative detection limit of 0.06 ug/L. The most likely sources of atrazine are applications to the research area during 1990 or from precipitation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri944149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil Science, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Landon, M., Lamb, J., and Anderson, J.L., 1994, Characterization of the hydrogeology and water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4149, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944149.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.64797592163086,\n              45.509474756808736\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.64797592163086,\n              45.58304947361755\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55991363525389,\n              45.58304947361755\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55991363525389,\n              45.509474756808736\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.64797592163086,\n              45.509474756808736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, J.A.","contributorId":95898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":31831,"text":"ofr9490 - 1994 - Understanding water-quality in the Hudson River basin: working together to solve the puzzle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"ofr9490","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-90","title":"Understanding water-quality in the Hudson River basin: working together to solve the puzzle","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9490","usgsCitation":"Murray, K., and Freeman, W., 1994, Understanding water-quality in the Hudson River basin: working together to solve the puzzle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-90, 4 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9490.","productDescription":"4 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60026,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, K.R.","contributorId":36801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18546,"text":"ofr94487 - 1994 - Ground-water and precipitation data for South Carolina, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:27:24","indexId":"ofr94487","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-487","title":"Ground-water and precipitation data for South Carolina, 1990","docAbstract":"Continuous water-level data collected from 53 wells in South Carolina during 1990 provide the basic data for this report. Hydrographs are presented for selected wells to illustrate the effects that changes in ground-water recharge and artificial ground-water discharge have had on the ground-water reservoirs in the State. Daily mean water levels are listed in tables. Monthly mean water levels for 1990 and for the entire period of record at each monitoring well are depicted in hydrographs. Also included are precipitation records from ten National Weather Service stations in South Carolina.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94487","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Jones, K.H., and Stringfield, W.J., 1994, Ground-water and precipitation data for South Carolina, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-487, vi, 137 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94487.","productDescription":"vi, 137 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0487/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47895,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0487/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d431","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":179315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Kathy H.","contributorId":31412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stringfield, Whitney J. wjstring@usgs.gov","contributorId":4513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"Whitney","email":"wjstring@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":179316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19697,"text":"ofr94459 - 1994 - User's manual for SEDCALC, a computer program for computation of suspended-sediment discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:34","indexId":"ofr94459","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-459","title":"User's manual for SEDCALC, a computer program for computation of suspended-sediment discharge","docAbstract":"Sediment-Record Calculations (SEDCALC), a menu-driven set of interactive computer programs, was developed to facilitate computation of suspended-sediment records. The programs comprising SEDCALC were developed independently in several District offices of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to minimize the intensive labor associated with various aspects of sediment-record computations.\r\n\r\nSEDCALC operates on suspended-sediment-concentration data stored in American Standard Code for \r\nInformation Interchange (ASCII) files in a predefined card-image format. Program options within SEDCALC can be used to assist in creating and editing the card-image files, as well as to reformat card-image files to and from formats used by the USGS Water-Quality System. \r\n\r\nSEDCALC provides options for creating card-image files containing time series of equal-interval suspended-sediment concentrations from \r\n\r\n\t\r\n  1. digitized suspended-sediment-concentration traces,\r\n\r\n  2. linear interpolation between log-transformed instantaneous\r\n     suspended-sediment-concentration data stored at unequal time\r\n     intervals, and\r\n\r\n  3. nonlinear interpolation between log-transformed\r\n     instantaneous suspended-sediment-concentration data\r\n     stored at unequal time intervals.\r\nSuspended-sediment discharge can be computed from the streamflow and suspended-sediment-concentration data or by application of transport relations derived by regressing log-transformed instantaneous streamflows on log-transformed instantaneous suspended-sediment concentrations or discharges. The computed suspended-sediment discharge data are stored in card-image files that can be either directly imported to the USGS Automated Data Processing System or used to generate plots by means of other SEDCALC options.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94459","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., Gray, J.R., and McElhone, T., 1994, User's manual for SEDCALC, a computer program for computation of suspended-sediment discharge: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-459, iv, 46 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94459.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0459/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49179,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0459/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, John R. 0000-0002-8817-3701 jrgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-3701","contributorId":1158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jrgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McElhone, T.J.","contributorId":44167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McElhone","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28132,"text":"wri944139 - 1994 - Runoff, precipitation, mass balance, and ice velocity measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1993 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri944139","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4139","title":"Runoff, precipitation, mass balance, and ice velocity measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1993 balance year","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice ablation were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Wash., to determine the winter and net balance for the 1993 balance year. The 1993 winter balance, averaged over the glacier, was 1.98 meters, and the net balance was -1.23 meters. This negative valance continued a trend of negative balance years beginning in 1977. Air temperature, barometric pressure, and runoff from this glacier basin and an adjacent non-glacierized basin were also continuously measured. Surface ice velocity was measured over an annual period. This report makes all these data available to users throughout the glaciological and climato1ogical community.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944139","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1994, Runoff, precipitation, mass balance, and ice velocity measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1993 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4139, vi, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944139.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56966,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cb25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, R. M.","contributorId":81093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18076,"text":"ofr94503 - 1994 - Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:27","indexId":"ofr94503","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-503","title":"Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1993","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Idaho Department of Water Resources, in response to a request from the U.S. Department of Energy, sampled 19 sites as part of a long-term project to monitor water quality of the Snake River Plain aquifer from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area. Water samples were collected and analyzed for selected radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds. The samples were collected from seven irrigation wells, four domestic wells, two springs, one stock well, three dairy wells, one observation well, and one commercial well. Two quality assurance samples also were collected and analyzed. None of the radionuclides, inorganic constituents, or organic compounds exceeded the established maximum contaminant levels for drinking water. Most of the radionuclide and inorganic constituent concen- trations exceeded their respective laboratory reporting levels. All samples analyzed for surfactants and dissolved organic carbon had concentrations that exceeded their reporting level. Ethylbenzene concentrations exceeded the reporting level in one water sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94503","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Edwards, D.D., and Campbell, L.J., 1994, Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-503, iv, 35 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94503.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0503/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47429,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0503/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Daniel D.","contributorId":28261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Linford J.","contributorId":77174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Linford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5268,"text":"fs01594 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Ozark Plateaus surface-water quality study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"fs01594","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"015-94","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Ozark Plateaus surface-water quality study","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs01594","usgsCitation":"Femmer, S.R., and Joseph, R.L., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Ozark Plateaus surface-water quality study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 015-94, 1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01594.","productDescription":"1 sheet : map ; 28 cm. map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mo.water.usgs.gov/fact_sheets/surfwat.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_015_94.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Femmer, Suzanne R. sfemmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Femmer","given":"Suzanne","email":"sfemmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27561,"text":"wri944156 - 1994 - Identification of potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri944156","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4156","title":"Identification of potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, were identified using a geographic information system (GIS) to aid regional and local ground-water resource management efforts. Criteria were selected to identify potential areas on the basis of data restrictions in addition to State requirements for siting new public water- supply wells, Federal or local restrictions on land use, and general hydrogeologic or water-quality concerns. Data layers were created for each criterion and overliad to eliminate areas from consideration as potential public water supplies. Remaining areas, those not included within the applied criteria, are the primary areas to consider for potential public water supplies. The areas identified in this analysis as potential public water supplies range from 0.5 to 7.9 percent of the individual flow cells, or 5.6 percent of the total flow cell area. The criteria were ranked so that criteria more limiting to potential public water supplies were given a higher rank than other criteria. The ranking scheme allows for the inclusion of areas with lower ranked criteria as potential public water supplies. Results can be viewed on a plat in this report, or accessed using the map-based, menu-driven GIS application, which provides interactive display and query of investigation results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944156","usgsCitation":"Harris, S., and Steeves, P.A., 1994, Identification of potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, using a geographic information system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4156, iv, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944156.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4156/report.pdf","size":"5691","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95642,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4156/plate-1.pdf","size":"12660","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4156/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, S.L.","contributorId":79921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steeves, P. A.","contributorId":35774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29003,"text":"wri944185 - 1994 - Identification, characterization, and analysis of hydraulically conductive fractures in granitic basement rocks, Millville, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:46:53","indexId":"wri944185","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4185","title":"Identification, characterization, and analysis of hydraulically conductive fractures in granitic basement rocks, Millville, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A suite of geophysical logs designed to identify and characterize fractures and water production in fractures was run in six bedrock boreholes at a ground-water contamination site near the towns of Millville and Uxbridge in south-central Massachusetts. The geophysical logs used in this study included conventional gamma, single-point resistance, borehole fluid resistivity, caliper, spontaneous potential, and temperature; and the borehole televiewer and heat-pulse flowmeter, which are not usually used to log bedrock water-supply wells. Downward flow under ambient hydraulic-head conditions was measured in three of the boreholes at the site, and the profile of fluid column resistivity inferred from the logs indicated downward flow in all six boreholes. Steady injection tests at about 1.0 gallon per minute were used to identify fractures capable of conducting flow under test conditions. Sixteen of 157 fracturesidentified on the televiewer logs and interpreted as permeable fractures in the data analysis were determined to conduct flow under ambient hydraulic-head conditions or during injection. Hydraulic-head monitoring in the bedrock boreholes indicated a consistent head difference between the upper and lower parts of the boreholes. This naturally occurring hydraulic-head condition may account, in part, for the transport of contaminants from the overlying soil into the bedrock aquifer. The downward flow may also account for the decrease in contaminant concentrations found in some boreholes after routine use of the boreholes as water-supply wells was discontinued.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944185","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Ollila, P., 1994, Identification, characterization, and analysis of hydraulically conductive fractures in granitic basement rocks, Millville, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4185, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944185.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ollila, P.W.","contributorId":45750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollila","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28483,"text":"wri944168 - 1994 - Users manual for an expert system (HSPEXP) for calibration of the hydrological simulation program; Fortran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri944168","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4168","title":"Users manual for an expert system (HSPEXP) for calibration of the hydrological simulation program; Fortran","docAbstract":"Expert system software was developed to assist less experienced modelers with calibration of a watershed model and to facilitate the interaction between the modeler and the modeling process not provided by mathematical optimization. A prototype was developed with artificial intelligence software tools, a knowledge engineer, and two domain experts. The manual procedures used by the domain experts were identified and the prototype was then coded by the knowledge engineer. The expert system consists of a set of hierarchical rules designed to guide the calibration of the model through a systematic evaluation of model parameters.  When the prototype was completed and tested, it was rewritten for portability and operational use and was named HSPEXP. The watershed model Hydrological Simulation Program--Fortran (HSPF) is used in the expert system. This report is the users manual for HSPEXP and contains a discussion of the concepts and detailed steps and examples for using the software. The system has been tested on watersheds in the States of Washington and Maryland, and the system correctly identified the model parameters to be adjusted and the adjustments led to improved calibration.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944168","usgsCitation":"Lumb, A., McCammon, R., and Kittle, J., 1994, Users manual for an expert system (HSPEXP) for calibration of the hydrological simulation program; Fortran: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4168, iv, 102 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944168.","productDescription":"iv, 102 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumb, A.M.","contributorId":70019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumb","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCammon, R.B.","contributorId":17218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kittle, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":89574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittle","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27429,"text":"wri934100 - 1994 - Analysis of data from test-well sites along the downdip limit of freshwater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas, 1985-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:15:26","indexId":"wri934100","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4100","title":"Analysis of data from test-well sites along the downdip limit of freshwater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas, 1985-87","docAbstract":"<p>Many researchers have studied the downdip limit of freshwater in the Edwards aquifer or various aspects of the saline-water zone and its relation to the freshwater zone. These studies were summarized and used to synthesize a consistent hydrologic and geochemical framework from which to interpret data from field studies. The concept derived from the previous work on the downdip limit of the freshwater zone is that fresh recharge water entered the aquifer and developed a vast flow system controlled by barrier faults. Some recharge water flows into the saline-water zone rather than toward major freshwater discharge points. The water that enters the salinewater zone continues to dissolve gypsum and dolomite, and calcite precipitates out of the water. This process of dedolomitization has helped to develop the large secondary porosity of the freshwater zone as the downdip limit of the freshwater zone progressively moved downdip in recent geologic time.</p>\n<p>The drilling of test holes and installation of monitoring wells began in 1985 and helped to define the downdip limit of the freshwater zone at one location. Dolomite was found in greater amounts in rocks from the saline-water-zone test hole than in rocks from the freshwater-zone test hole. Other mineralogic and lithologic contrasts between the saline-water-zone test hole and the freshwater-zone test hole support the conceptual model of dedolomitization. Geophysical logs and test-hole survey logs helped to define the stratification of freshwater and associated altered rock textures, secondary porosity development, and water chemistry in the freshwater-, saline-water-, and transition-zone test holes.</p>\n<p>The differences in actual measured head among the seven completed monitor wells varied over time, especially during periods of substantial water use. The water levels in two monitor wells completed at the freshwater zone (site D; wells Dl and D2) responded quickly and strongly to withdrawals. In the transition zone (site C; wells Cl and C2), the water level in the shallow monitor well (Cl) completed in a cavern responded quickly, but because it was farther from the water-supply wells near site D, it did not respond as strongly to changes in withdrawals at the nearby well field. The water levels in the three salinewater wells at site A (Al, A2, and A3) and the deep site C well (C2) were less responsive to stresses relative to the water-level changes in the freshwater wells (Dl, D2, and Cl).</p>\n<p>Large amounts of freshwater were produced from the upper 300 to 350 feet of the aquifer in the freshwater zone (site D). Water produced from below this interval was as saline as that from the saline-water zone (site A). The cavern near the top of the aquifer in the transition zone (site C) produced large amounts of freshwater. The freshwater produced from the cavern was of a different geochemical type than the water from the other wells. The saline-water-zone test hole (site A) produced small amounts of water having specific conductance generally about 5,800 to 6,200 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius.</p>\n<p>A consistent trend in the water quality was not detected in the monitor-well data for July 1986-April 1987. This was caused, in part, by the average to above-average rainfall and by the lack of large withdrawals during the period. The water quality of samples from several of the wells was similar to the water quality determined by a previous study of the area. Geochemistry of the oil- or gas-well brines from downdip in the saline-water zone had slight resemblance to the geochemistry of the water at the downdip limit of freshwater; updip flow of saline water toward the freshwater zone was not indicated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri934100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, Edwards Underground Water District, and Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G., 1994, Analysis of data from test-well sites along the downdip limit of freshwater in the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas, 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4100, vi, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934100.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56291,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, G.E.","contributorId":17260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17243,"text":"ofr94381 - 1994 - Hydrologic data for northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T10:26:56","indexId":"ofr94381","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-381","title":"Hydrologic data for northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and water-quality data were collected in northern Bucks County, Pa., as part of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Bridgeton, Buckingham, Nockamixon, Plumstead, Solebury, Springfield, Tinicum, and Wrightstown Townships and New Hope Borough. Hydrologic data on ground water and surface water were collected to provide basic information on the quality and quantity of water resources in northern Bucks County. \r\n\r\n      Ground-water data include descriptions of 1,357 wells and water levels for 28 observation wells measured during 1990-93. Ground-water-quality analyses for 117 wells include physical properties and concentrations of major ions, nutrients, selected metals and other trace constituents, radon, and volatile organic compounds. Surface-water data include chemical analyses of water samples collected at sites on Beaver Creek, Crooks Creek, Geddes Run, Little Tinicum Creek, Paunnacussing Creek, Pidcock Creek, Rapp Creek, Smithtown Creek, and Tinicum Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94381","usgsCitation":"Schreffler, C.L., McManus, B., Rowland-Lesitsky, C.J., and Sloto, R., 1994, Hydrologic data for northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-381, iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94381.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0381/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":21610,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0381/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":46392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0381/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c80e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreffler, Curtis L. clschref@usgs.gov","contributorId":333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreffler","given":"Curtis","email":"clschref@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":175571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, B. C.","contributorId":45731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland-Lesitsky, C. J.","contributorId":52982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland-Lesitsky","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":17124,"text":"ofr94680A - 1994 - Geochemical data and sample locality maps for stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, mill tailing, water, and precipitate samples collected in and around the Holden mine, Chelan County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr94680A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-680","chapter":"A","title":"Geochemical data and sample locality maps for stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, mill tailing, water, and precipitate samples collected in and around the Holden mine, Chelan County, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94680A","usgsCitation":"Kilburn, J.E., Whitney, C., d’Angelo, W.M., Fey, D., Hopkins, R., Meier, A.L., Motooka, J.M., Roushey, B.H., and Sutley, S.J., 1994, Geochemical data and sample locality maps for stream-sediment, heavy-mineral-concentrate, mill tailing, water, and precipitate samples collected in and around the Holden mine, Chelan County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-680, 33 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94680A.","productDescription":"33 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0680a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46247,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0680a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilburn, James E.","contributorId":40189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, C.G.","contributorId":86361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkins, R.T.","contributorId":80264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Motooka, J. M.","contributorId":8834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motooka","given":"J.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roushey, B. H.","contributorId":84387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roushey","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":18935,"text":"ofr94501 - 1994 - A Fortran coding convention for use in the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:30","indexId":"ofr94501","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-501","title":"A Fortran coding convention for use in the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94501","usgsCitation":"Flynn, K.M., Kittle, J.L., and Lumb, A.M., 1994, A Fortran coding convention for use in the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-501, 64 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94501.","productDescription":"64 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0501/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48333,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0501/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4955e4b0b290850ef101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Kathleen M.","contributorId":43756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kittle, John L. Jr.","contributorId":101690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittle","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lumb, Alan M.","contributorId":47792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumb","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29875,"text":"wri924174 - 1994 - Saltwater intrusion and quality of water in the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri924174","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4174","title":"Saltwater intrusion and quality of water in the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida","docAbstract":"Saltwater intrusion is a potential threat to ground- water quality in the Floridan aquifer in Duval, Nassau, and St. Johns Counties. Five possible mechanisms of saltwater movement that could explain the increases in chloride concentrations in water in the freshwater zones of the Floridan aquifer system are: (1) unflushed pockets of relic seawater, (2) upward leakage of saltwater through failed, uncased, or improperly plugged or constructed wells, (3) lateral movement of saltwater from the north- eastern Florida coast, (4) upconing of saltwater from below pumped wells, and (5) saltwater movement into freshwater zones due to thinning, or breaching by joints, fractures, collapse features, or possibly by faults, of the overlying semiconfining beds. Total ground-water use in the study area increased more than 40 percent between 1965 and 1988, with approximately 90 percent of the water being with- drawn from the Floridan aquifer system. Pumping to satisfy this increase in water use resulted in a decline of the potentiometric surface, thus in- creasing the potential for saltwater movement upward into freshwater zones. The potential for saltwater intrusion is expected to increase as population growth continues and greater demands are placed on ground-water resources. Possible water-management strategies that could reduce this potential threat include: minimizing well depths, installation of new well fields in areas where the thickness of the freshwater lens is greatest, reducing drawdowns in wells fields and other areas where saltwater in- trusion could be occurring, and plugging the lower parts of some of the deeper wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924174","usgsCitation":"Spechler, R., 1994, Saltwater intrusion and quality of water in the Floridan aquifer system, northeastern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4174, vi, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924174.","productDescription":"vi, 76 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":58688,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4174/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spechler, R. M.","contributorId":85961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20664,"text":"ofr94486 - 1994 - Reconnaissance investigations of potential ground-water and sediment contamination at three former underground storage tank locations, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:25:55","indexId":"ofr94486","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-486","title":"Reconnaissance investigations of potential ground-water and sediment contamination at three former underground storage tank locations, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, 1994","docAbstract":"Investigations to provide initial qualitative delineation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination at three former underground storage tank locations at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, were made during March 1994. Ground-water and sediment samples were collected using direct-push technology and analyzed on-site with a gas chromatograph, which provided real-time, semi-quantitative data. In addition, ground-water and sediment samples were collected at selected sites for laboratory analyses to provide a confirmation of the on-site data. These analyses provided qualitative data on the lateral distri- bution of petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum hydrocarbons were detected by on-site analysis in ground-water samples from nine locations at Site 1062, suggesting the presence of a contaminant plume. Concentrations ranged from less than the minimum detection limit to 4,511 mg/L (micrograms per liter) for benzene, 15,594 mg/L for toluene, 16,501 mg/L for ethylbenzene, and 19,391 mg/L for total xylenes. Concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons-Gasoline Range Organics ranged from 323 mg/L to 3,364 mg/L; Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons-Diesel Range Organics were not detected. Three samples from this site were analyzed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes at a laboratory and results showed concentrations ranging from less than the minimum detection limit to 1,070 mg/L for benzene, 7,930 mg/L for toluene, 6,890 mg/L for ethylbenzene, and 1,524 mg/L for total xylenes. Petroleum hydro- carbons were detected by on-site analysis in only one sample at Site 2438. A concentration of 131,000 micrograms per kilogram Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons-Diesel Range Organics was detected in sample number GP-2-4-13.5. Petroleum hydrocarbons were detected by on-site analysis in only one ground-water sample from Site 2444. A concentration of 3,145 mg/L Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons-Gasoline Range Organics was detected at sampling location GP-3-2.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94486","usgsCitation":"Robertson, J., Nagle, D.D., and Rhodes, L.C., 1994, Reconnaissance investigations of potential ground-water and sediment contamination at three former underground storage tank locations, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-486, v, 20 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94486.","productDescription":"v, 20 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50189,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0486/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0486/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Fort Jackson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.99344253540039,\n              33.9751111297791\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.99344253540039,\n              34.030753873451836\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.90572357177734,\n              34.030753873451836\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.90572357177734,\n              33.9751111297791\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.99344253540039,\n              33.9751111297791\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63ea9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, J. F.","contributorId":11194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagle, Douglas D.","contributorId":41853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhodes, Liesl C.","contributorId":83956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"Liesl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44756,"text":"wri924181 - 1994 - Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 7: Water-quality survey of the Mermentau River basin, 1989-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:00","indexId":"wri924181","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4181","title":"Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 7: Water-quality survey of the Mermentau River basin, 1989-90","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri924181","usgsCitation":"Demcheck, D.K., 1994, Louisiana hydrologic atlas map no. 7: Water-quality survey of the Mermentau River basin, 1989-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4181, 5 maps on 3 sheets : 1 col. ; 31 x 24 cm. or smaller, sheets 65 x 69 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924181.","productDescription":"5 maps on 3 sheets : 1 col. ; 31 x 24 cm. or smaller, sheets 65 x 69 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82061,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4181/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82062,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4181/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82063,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4181/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demcheck, Dennis K. 0000-0003-2981-078X ddemchec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-078X","contributorId":3273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demcheck","given":"Dennis","email":"ddemchec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18410,"text":"ofr94491 - 1994 - Meteorological data for four sites at surface-disruption features in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1985-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94491","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-491","title":"Meteorological data for four sites at surface-disruption features in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1985-86","docAbstract":"Surface-disruption features, or craters, resulting from underground nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site may increase the potential for ground-water recharge in an area that would normally produce little, if any, recharge. This report presents selected meteorological data resulting from a study of two surface-disruption features during May 1985 through June 1986. The data were collected at four adjacent sites in Yucca Flat, about 56 kilometers north of Mercury, Nevada. Three sites (one in each of two craters and one at an undisturbed site at the original land surface) were instrumented to collect meteorological data for calculating bare-soil evaporation. These data include (1) long-wave radiation, (2) short-wave radiation, (3) net radiation, (4) air temperae, and (5) soil surface temperature. Meteorological data also were collected at a weather station at an undisturbed site near the study craters. Data collected at this site include (1) air temperature, (2) relative humidity, (3) wind velocity, and (4) wind direction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94491","usgsCitation":"Carman, R.L., 1994, Meteorological data for four sites at surface-disruption features in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-491, iii, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94491.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0491/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47748,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db629624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carman, Rita L.","contributorId":6468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carman","given":"Rita","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}