Tobit regression models were developed to predict the summed concentration of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and its degradate deethylatrazine [6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5,-triazine-2,4-diamine] (DEA) in shallow groundwater underlying agricultural settings across the conterminous United States. The models were developed from atrazine and DEA concentrations in samples from 1298 wells and explanatory variables that represent the source of atrazine and various aspects of the transport and fate of atrazine and DEA in the subsurface. One advantage of these newly developed models over previous national regression models is that they predict concentrations (rather than detection frequency), which can be compared with water quality benchmarks. Model results indicate that variability in the concentration of atrazine residues (atrazine plus DEA) in groundwater underlying agricultural areas is more strongly controlled by the history of atrazine use in relation to the timing of recharge (groundwater age) than by processes that control the dispersion, adsorption, or degradation of these compounds in the saturated zone. Current (1990s) atrazine use was found to be a weak explanatory variable, perhaps because it does not represent the use of atrazine at the time of recharge of the sampled groundwater and because the likelihood that these compounds will reach the water table is affected by other factors operating within the unsaturated zone, such as soil characteristics, artificial drainage, and water movement. Results show that only about 5% of agricultural areas have greater than a 10% probability of exceeding the USEPA maximum contaminant level of 3.0 μg L-1. These models are not developed for regulatory purposes but rather can be used to (i) identify areas of potential concern, (ii) provide conservative estimates of the concentrations of atrazine residues in deeper potential drinking water supplies, and (iii) set priorities among areas for future groundwater monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2011.0200","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P.E., Barbash, J.E., Gilliom, R.J., Stone, W.W., and Wolock, D.M., 2012, Regression models for estimating concentrations of atrazine plus deethylatrazine in shallow groundwater in agricultural areas of the United States: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 2, p. 479-494, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0200.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"494","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0200","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5cde4b0e8fec6cdc002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007159,"text":"70007159 - 2012 - Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander). Oviposition mode and timing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"70007159","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander). Oviposition mode and timing","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"www.ssarherps.org","usgsCitation":"Walls, S., Barichivich, W., and Brown, M., 2012, Ambystoma talpoideum (Mole Salamander). Oviposition mode and timing: Herpetological Review, v. 42, no. 4, p. 579-580.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"580","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9b0e4b0c8380cd483b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, S.C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":98273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, W.J. 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":91435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, M.E.","contributorId":99680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038354,"text":"ofr20121079 - 2012 - Evaluation of modeling for groundwater flow and tetrachloroethylene transport in the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer at the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121079","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1079","title":"Evaluation of modeling for groundwater flow and tetrachloroethylene transport in the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer at the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire, 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services entered into a cooperative agreement to assist in the evaluation of remedy simulations of the MSGD aquifer that are being performed by various parties to track the remedial progress of the PCE plume. This report summarizes findings from this evaluation. Topics covered include description of groundwater flow and transport models used in the study of the Savage Superfund site (section 2), evaluation of models and their results (section 3), testing of several new simulations (section 4), an assessment of the representation of models to simulate field conditions (section 5), and an assessment of models as a tool in remedial operational decision making (section 6).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., 2012, Evaluation of modeling for groundwater flow and tetrachloroethylene transport in the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer at the Savage Municipal Well Superfund site, Milford, New Hampshire, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1079, v, 28 p.; XLS Download of Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121079.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.; XLS Download of Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1079.gif"},{"id":254730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","city":"Milford","otherGeospatial":"Savage Municipal Well Superfund","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c9be4b0c8380cd52c09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038352,"text":"ofr20121042 - 2012 - Sediment characteristics of the Yellowstone River in the vicinity of a proposed bypass chute near Glendive, Montana, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:30:15","indexId":"ofr20121042","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1042","title":"Sediment characteristics of the Yellowstone River in the vicinity of a proposed bypass chute near Glendive, Montana, 2011","docAbstract":"In 2011, sediment data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the Yellowstone River at the location of a proposed bypass chute. The sediment data were collected to provide an understanding of the sediment dynamics of the given reach of the Yellowstone River. Suspended-sediment concentrations collected at the three sites generally decreased with decreasing streamflow. In general, the highest suspendedsediment concentrations were found near the channel bed and towards the center of the channel with lower suspendedsediment concentrations near the channel banks and water surface. Suspended sediment was the primary component of the total sediment load for all three sampling locations on the Yellowstone River and contributed at least 98 percent of the total sediment load at each of the three sites. The amount of bedload measured at the three sites was a smaller load in comparison with the suspended-sediment load.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Hanson, B.R., 2012, Sediment characteristics of the Yellowstone River in the vicinity of a proposed bypass chute near Glendive, Montana, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1042, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121042.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1042.gif"},{"id":254728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Glendive","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8960e4b08c986b316db7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Brent R. brhanson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Brent","email":"brhanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038355,"text":"ofr20121081 - 2012 - Evidence for mid-Holocene shift in depositional style in Mobile Bay, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr20121081","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1081","title":"Evidence for mid-Holocene shift in depositional style in Mobile Bay, Alabama","docAbstract":"The Holocene stratigraphy of Mobile Bay, Alabama, was mapped using a combination of high-resolution seismic data and sediment cores to refine changes in the bay's evolution during this time. The base of the Holocene-era stratigraphy is an erosional surface formed during the last glacial maximum. Overlying Holocene deposits are primarily estuarine mud that has a finely laminated weak acoustic signature. One exception is a thin unit, R1, with varying reflection amplitude that can be traced throughout the southern part of the bay. The continuity of the unit throughout the southern part of the bay suggests a baywide change in sedimentation that was perhaps driven by rapid retreat of the bay-head delta in response to a sudden rise in sea level or an abrupt change in accommodation space due to basin geometry. Along the southern edge of the bay, the R1 unit increases in thickness and reflector amplitude towards Morgan Peninsula. The peninsula itself underwent a period of erosion and narrowing between 4,300 to 3,000 years before present, and the variation in reflector amplitude and the geometry of this part of the R1 unit appear to reflect a period of increased overwashing of the peninsula during this period. Average estuarine sedimentation rates decreased after the formation of the R1 unit, and the decrease coincides with a decline in the rate of sea-level rise. A similar change in depositional style at approximately the same time in neighboring Apalachicola Bay suggests a change that affected the northeastern Gulf of Mexico region and not just Mobile Bay.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121081","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Kelso, K., and Pendleton, E., 2012, Evidence for mid-Holocene shift in depositional style in Mobile Bay, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1081, iv, 8 p.; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121081.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; Figures","startPage":"i","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1081.gif"},{"id":254731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Mobile Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4ae4b0c8380cd52f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David","contributorId":15871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelso, Kyle","contributorId":68017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelso","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038322,"text":"70038322 - 2012 - Control of reed canarygrass promotes wetland herb and tree seedling establishment in an upper Mississippi River Floodplain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"70038322","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of reed canarygrass promotes wetland herb and tree seedling establishment in an upper Mississippi River Floodplain forest","docAbstract":"Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) is recognized as a problematic invader of North American marshes, decreasing biodiversity and persisting in the face of control efforts. Less is known about its ecology or management in forested wetlands, providing an opportunity to apply information about factors critical to an invader's control in one wetland type to another. In a potted plant experiment and in the field, we documented strong competitive effects of reed canarygrass on the establishment and early growth of tree seedlings. In the field, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a novel restoration strategy, combining site scarification with late fall applications of pre-emergent herbicides. Treatments delayed reed canarygrass emergence the following spring, creating a window of opportunity for the early growth of native plants in the absence of competition from the grass. They also allowed for follow-up herbicide treatments during the growing season. We documented greater establishment of wetland herbs and tree seedlings in treated areas. Data from small exclosures suggest, however, that deer browsing can limit tree seedling height growth in floodplain restorations. Slower tree growth will delay canopy closure, potentially allowing reed canarygrass re-invasion. Thus, it may be necessary to protect tree seedlings from herbivory to assure forest regeneration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-012-0289-5","usgsCitation":"Thomsen, M., Brownell, K., Groshek, M., and Kirsch, E., 2012, Control of reed canarygrass promotes wetland herb and tree seedling establishment in an upper Mississippi River Floodplain forest: Wetlands, v. 32, no. 3, p. 543-555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-012-0289-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"555","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254739,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-012-0289-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"La Crosse","city":"La Crosse","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fb44e4b0c8380cd4ddb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomsen, Meredith","contributorId":82956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomsen","given":"Meredith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Kurt","contributorId":64927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groshek, Matthew","contributorId":106735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groshek","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirsch, Eileen","contributorId":43205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Eileen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009639,"text":"70009639 - 2012 - Evidence for population bottlenecks and subtle genetic structure in the yellow rail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"70009639","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for population bottlenecks and subtle genetic structure in the yellow rail","docAbstract":"The Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracencis) is among the most enigmatic and least studied North American birds. Nesting exclusively in marshes and wetlands, it breeds largely east of the Rocky Mountains in the northern United States and Canada, but there is an isolated population in southern Oregon once believed extirpated. The degree of connectivity of the Oregon population with the main population is unknown. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) and six microsatellite loci to characterize the Yellow Rail's genetic structure and diversity patterns in six areas. Our mtDNA-based analyses of genetic structure identified significant population differentiation, but pairwise comparison of regions identified no clear geographic trends. In contrast, microsatellites suggested subtle genetic structure differentiating the Oregon population from those in the five regions sampled in the Yellow Rail's main breeding range. The genetic diversity of the Oregon population was also the lowest of the six regions sampled, and Oregon was one of three regions that demonstrated evidence of recent population bottlenecks. Factors that produced population reductions may include loss of wetlands to development and agricultural conversion, drought, and wildfire. At this time, we are unable to determine if the high percentage (50%) of populations having experienced bottlenecks is representative of the Yellow Rail's entire range. Further genetic data from additional breeding populations will be required for this issue to be addressed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1525/cond.2012.110055","usgsCitation":"Popper, K.J., Miller, L.F., Green, M., Haig, S.M., and Mullins, T.D., 2012, Evidence for population bottlenecks and subtle genetic structure in the yellow rail: The Condor, v. 114, no. 1, p. 100-112, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110055.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474508,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438817,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KBUXFT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nuclear microsatellite genotypes of six populations of yellow rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) sampled 2005-2008"},{"id":254744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110055","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4de4b0c8380cd52f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Popper, Kenneth J.","contributorId":56114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popper","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Leonard F.","contributorId":15898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Michael","contributorId":71066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038353,"text":"sir20125025 - 2012 - Mapping surface disturbance of energy-related infrastructure in southwest Wyoming--An assessment of methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:03:56","indexId":"sir20125025","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5025","title":"Mapping surface disturbance of energy-related infrastructure in southwest Wyoming--An assessment of methods","docAbstract":"We evaluated how well three leading information-extraction software programs (eCognition, Feature Analyst, Feature Extraction) and manual hand digitization interpreted information from remotely sensed imagery of a visually complex gas field in Wyoming. Specifically, we compared how each mapped the area of and classified the disturbance features present on each of three remotely sensed images, including 30-meter-resolution Landsat, 10-meter-resolution SPOT (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre), and 0.6-meter resolution pan-sharpened QuickBird scenes. Feature Extraction mapped the spatial area of disturbance features most accurately on the Landsat and QuickBird imagery, while hand digitization was most accurate on the SPOT imagery. Footprint non-overlap error was smallest on the Feature Analyst map of the Landsat imagery, the hand digitization map of the SPOT imagery, and the Feature Extraction map of the QuickBird imagery. When evaluating feature classification success against a set of ground-truthed control points, Feature Analyst, Feature Extraction, and hand digitization classified features with similar success on the QuickBird and SPOT imagery, while eCognition classified features poorly relative to the other methods. All maps derived from Landsat imagery classified disturbance features poorly. Using the hand digitized QuickBird data as a reference and making pixel-by-pixel comparisons, Feature Extraction classified features best overall on the QuickBird imagery, and Feature Analyst classified features best overall on the SPOT and Landsat imagery. Based on the entire suite of tasks we evaluated, Feature Extraction performed best overall on the Landsat and QuickBird imagery, while hand digitization performed best overall on the SPOT imagery, and eCognition performed worst overall on all three images. Error rates for both area measurements and feature classification were prohibitively high on Landsat imagery, while QuickBird was time and cost prohibitive for mapping large spatial extents. The SPOT imagery produced map products that were far more accurate than Landsat and did so at a far lower cost than QuickBird imagery. Consideration of degree of map accuracy required, costs associated with image acquisition, software, operator and computation time, and tradeoffs in the form of spatial extent versus resolution should all be considered when evaluating which combination of imagery and information-extraction method might best serve any given land use mapping project. When resources permit, attaining imagery that supports the highest classification and measurement accuracy possible is recommended.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125025","usgsCitation":"Germaine, S., O’Donnell, M.S., Aldridge, C.L., Baer, L., Fancher, T.S., McBeth, J., McDougal, R., Waltermire, R., Bowen, Z.H., Diffendorfer, J., Garman, S., and Hanson, L., 2012, Mapping surface disturbance of energy-related infrastructure in southwest Wyoming--An assessment of methods: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5025, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125025.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baer, Lori","contributorId":69028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fancher, Tammy S. 0000-0002-1318-3614 fanchert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-3614","contributorId":3788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancher","given":"Tammy","email":"fanchert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBeth, Jamie","contributorId":79770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBeth","given":"Jamie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R.","contributorId":53418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waltermire, Robert","contributorId":18644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltermire","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James","contributorId":35610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Garman, Steven","contributorId":105981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garman","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hanson, Leanne hansonl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Leanne","email":"hansonl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70038351,"text":"ofr20121074 - 2012 - West-east lithostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-11T01:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121074","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1074","title":"West-east lithostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas","docAbstract":"A west-east lithostratigraphic cross section of the Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas was prepared as part of the former Western Interior Cretaceous (WIK) project, which was part of the Global Sedimentary Geology Program started in 1989. This transect is similar to that published by Dyman and others (1994) as a summary paper of the WIK project but extends further east and is more detailed. Stratigraphic control was provided by 32 geophysical logs and measured sections tied to ammonite and Inoceramus faunal zones. A variable datum was used, including the base of the Castlegate Sandstone for the western part of the section, and the fossil ammonite zone Baculites obtusus for the middle and eastern section. Lower Cretaceous units and the Frontier Formation and Mowry Shale are shown as undifferentiated units. Cretaceous strata along the transect range in thickness from more than 7,000 ft in the structural foredeep of the western overthrust belt in central Utah, to about 11,000 ft near the Colorado-Utah border as a result of considerable thickening of the Mesaverde Group, to less than 3,500 ft in the eastern Denver Basin, Kansas resulting in a condensed section. The basal Mancos Shale rises stepwise across the transect becoming progressively younger to the west as the Western Interior Seaway transgressed westward. The section illustrates large scale stratigraphic relations for most of the area covered by the seaway, from central Utah, Colorado, to west-central Kansas. These strata are predominantly continental and shoreline deposits near the Sevier thrust belt in Utah, prograding and regressive shorelines to the east with associated flooding surfaces, downlapping mudstones, and transgressive parasequences (shoreface) that correlate to condensed zones across the seaway in central Colorado and eastern Denver Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121074","usgsCitation":"Anna, L.O., 2012, West-east lithostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1074, 2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 93.61 inches x 44.14 inches, Sheet 2: 82.43 inches x 44.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121074.","productDescription":"2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 93.61 inches x 44.14 inches, Sheet 2: 82.43 inches x 44.16 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1074.jpg"},{"id":254724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Kansas;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin;Piceance Basin;Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,37 ], [ -114,41 ], [ -94.63333333333334,41 ], [ -94.63333333333334,37 ], [ -114,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcffce4b08c986b32ebfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038350,"text":"ds683 - 2012 - Energy map of southwestern Wyoming, Part A - Coal and wind","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-11T01:01:41","indexId":"ds683","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"683","title":"Energy map of southwestern Wyoming, Part A - Coal and wind","docAbstract":"To further advance the objectives of the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Wyoming State Geological Survey (WSGS) have compiled Part A of the Energy Map of Southwestern Wyoming. Focusing primarily on electrical power sources, Part A of the energy map is a compilation of both published and previously unpublished coal (including coalbed gas) and wind energy resources data, presented in a Geographic Information System (GIS) data package. Energy maps, data, documentation and spatial data processing capabilities are available in a geodatabase, published map file (pmf), ArcMap document (mxd), Adobe Acrobat PDF map (plate 1) and other digital formats that can be downloaded at the USGS website. Accompanying the map (plate 1) and the geospatial data are four additional plates that describe the geology, energy resources, and related infrastructure. These tabular plates include coal mine (plate 2), coal field (plate 3), coalbed gas assessment unit (plate 4), and wind farm (plate 5) information with hyperlinks to source publications and data on the internet. The plates can be printed and examined in hardcopy, or accessed digitally. The data represent decades of research by the USGS, WSGS, BLM and others, and can facilitate landscape-level science assessments, and resource management decisionmaking.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds683","usgsCitation":"Biewick, L., and Jones, N.R., 2012, Energy map of southwestern Wyoming, Part A - Coal and wind: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 683, iv, 18 p.; 1 Table; Table 1: 48 inches x 33 inches; 5 Plates; Plate 1: 33 inches x 34 inches, Plate 2: 51 inches x 33 inches, Plate 3: 60 inches x 21 inches, Plate 4: 44 inches x 27 inches, Plate 5: 32 inches x 34 inches; Metadata; Datafiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds683.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.; 1 Table; Table 1: 48 inches x 33 inches; 5 Plates; Plate 1: 33 inches x 34 inches, Plate 2: 51 inches x 33 inches, Plate 3: 60 inches x 21 inches, Plate 4: 44 inches x 27 inches, Plate 5: 32 inches x 34 inches; Metadata; Datafiles","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_683.png"},{"id":254723,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/683/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Carbon;Fremont;Lincoln;Sublette;Sweetwater;Uinta","otherGeospatial":"Great Divide Basin;Green River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.05027777777778,40.984722222222224 ], [ -111.05027777777778,45 ], [ -104.05083333333333,45 ], [ -104.05083333333333,40.984722222222224 ], [ -111.05027777777778,40.984722222222224 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a094ae4b0c8380cd51e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biewick, Laura","contributorId":83148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biewick","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Nicholas R.","contributorId":14233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038349,"text":"sir20125074 - 2012 - Development and implementation of a regression model for predicting recreational water quality in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-11T01:01:41","indexId":"sir20125074","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5074","title":"Development and implementation of a regression model for predicting recreational water quality in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio 2009-11","docAbstract":"The Cuyahoga River within Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) is at times impaired for recreational use due to elevated concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a fecal-indicator bacterium. During the recreational seasons of mid-May through September during 2009–11, samples were collected 4 days per week and analyzed for E. coli concentrations at two sites within CVNP. Other water-quality and environ-mental data, including turbidity, rainfall, and streamflow, were measured and (or) tabulated for analysis. Regression models developed to predict recreational water quality in the river were implemented during the recreational seasons of 2009–11 for one site within CVNP–Jaite. For the 2009 and 2010 seasons, the regression models were better at predicting exceedances of Ohio's single-sample standard for primary-contact recreation compared to the traditional method of using the previous day's E. coli concentration. During 2009, the regression model was based on data collected during 2005 through 2008, excluding available 2004 data. The resulting model for 2009 did not perform as well as expected (based on the calibration data set) and tended to overestimate concentrations (correct responses at 69 percent). During 2010, the regression model was based on data collected during 2004 through 2009, including all of the available data. The 2010 model performed well, correctly predicting 89 percent of the samples above or below the single-sample standard, even though the predictions tended to be lower than actual sample concentrations. During 2011, the regression model was based on data collected during 2004 through 2010 and tended to overestimate concentrations. The 2011 model did not perform as well as the traditional method or as expected, based on the calibration dataset (correct responses at 56 percent). At a second site—Lock 29, approximately 5 river miles upstream from Jaite, a regression model based on data collected at the site during the recreational seasons of 2008–10 also did not perform as well as the traditional method or as well as expected (correct responses at 60 percent). Above normal precipitation in the region and a delayed start to the 2011 sampling season (sampling began mid-June) may have affected how well the 2011 models performed. With these new data, however, updated regression models may be better able to predict recreational water quality conditions due to the increased amount of diverse water quality conditions included in the calibration data. Daily recreational water-quality predictions for Jaite were made available on the Ohio Nowcast Web site at www.ohionowcast.info. Other public outreach included signage at trailheads in the park, articles in the park's quarterly-published schedule of events and volunteer newsletters. A U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet was also published to bring attention to water-quality issues in the park.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125074","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., and Plona, M.B., 2012, Development and implementation of a regression model for predicting recreational water quality in the Cuyahoga River, Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5074, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125074.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-05-15","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5074.gif"},{"id":254718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Cuyahoga River;Cuyahoga Valley National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0024e4b0c8380cd4f5ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plona, Meg B.","contributorId":46470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plona","given":"Meg","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038348,"text":"ofr20121075 - 2012 - Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations in the Illinois River between Hennepin and Peoria, Illinois: 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-17T01:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121075","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1075","title":"Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations in the Illinois River between Hennepin and Peoria, Illinois: 2007-08","docAbstract":"The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency has designated portions of the Illinois River in Peoria, Woodford, and Tazewell Counties, Illinois, as impaired owing to the presence of fecal coliform bacteria. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, examined the water quality in the Illinois River and major tributaries within a 47-mile reach between Peoria and Hennepin, Ill., during water year 2008 (October 2007–September 2008). Investigations included synoptic (snapshot) sampling at multiple locations in a 1-day period: once in October 2007 during lower streamflow conditions, and again in June 2008 during higher streamflow conditions. Five locations in the study area were monitored for the entire year at monthly or more frequent intervals. Two indicator bacteria were analyzed in each water sample: fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Streamflow information from previously established monitoring locations in the study area was used in the analysis. Correlation analyses were used to characterize the relation between the two fecal-indicator bacteria and the relation of either indicator to streamflow. Concentrations of the two measured fecal-indicator bacteria correlated well for all samples analyzed (r = 0.94, p <0.001), indicating a strong linear correlation. Presence of one fecal-indicator bacteria generally indicates the presence of another at a similar magnitude and may support substitution of generalized data gaps for other analyses. Hydrologic conditions during the study period can be characterized as wetter than normal, with the mean annual flow in the Illinois River about 37-percent above the long-term average. However, for the Illinois River below Peoria Lake at Peoria, a statistically significant negative correlation coefficient indicates a weak inverse relation between values of streamflow and fecal-indicator bacteria (fecal coliform rho = -0.44, p = 0.0129; E. coli: rho = -0.43, p = 0.0157). The correlation between fecal indicators and streamflow in tributaries or in the Illinois River at Hennepin was found to be statistically significant, yet moderate in strength with coefficient values ranging from r = 0.4 to 0.6. Indirect observations from the June 2008 higher flow synoptic event may indicate continued effects from combined storm and sanitary sewers in the vicinity of the Illinois River near Peoria, Ill., contributing to observed single-sample exceedance of the State criterion for fecal coliform.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Dupre, D.H., Hortness, J., Terrio, P.J., and Sharpe, J.B., 2012, Fecal-indicator bacteria concentrations in the Illinois River between Hennepin and Peoria, Illinois: 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1075, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121075.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1075.gif"},{"id":254717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Hennepin;Peoria","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f4ae4b0c8380cd5385e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dupre, David H. dhdupre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"David","email":"dhdupre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hortness, Jon 0000-0002-9809-2876 hortness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-2876","contributorId":3601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hortness","given":"Jon","email":"hortness@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terrio, Paul J. 0000-0002-1515-9570 pjterrio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-9570","contributorId":3313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"Paul","email":"pjterrio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70038347,"text":"sim3208 - 2012 - Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, July 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-15T01:01:40","indexId":"sim3208","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3208","title":"Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, July 2011","docAbstract":"The part of the Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County was developed to supply water to the city of Wichita and for irrigation in south-central Kansas. The 165 square-mile study area represents about 12 percent of the 1,400 square-mile Equus Beds aquifer and accounts for about one-third of the withdrawals from the aquifer. Water-level and storage-volume decreases that began with the development of the aquifer in the 1940s reached record to near-record lows in January 1993. Since 1993, generally higher water levels and partial storage-volume recoveries have been recorded in the aquifer. Potentiometric maps of the shallow and deep layers of the aquifer show flow in both aquifer layers is generally from west to east. The July 2011 water-level altitudes in the shallow aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,470 feet in the northwest corner of the study area to a low of about 1,330 feet in the southeast corner of the study area; water-level altitudes in the deep aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,445 feet on the west edge of the study area to a low of about 1,340 feet in the southeast corner of the study area. In the northwest part of the study area, water-levels can be more than 60 feet higher in the shallow layer than in the deep layer of the Equus Beds aquifer. Measured water-level changes for August 1940 to July 2011 ranged from a decline of 43.22 feet to a decline of 0.17 feet and averaged 12.45 feet. The largest August 1940 to July 2011 water-level changes of 30 feet or more occurred in the northern part of the study area centered about 2 and 4 miles east of Burrton, Kansas. The change in storage volume from August 1940 to July 2011 in the study area was a decrease of about 209,000 acre-feet. This volume represents a recovery of about 46,000 acre-feet, or only about 18 percent of the storage volume previously lost between August 1940 and January 1993. The largest post-1993 storage-volume recovery to date in the study area was about 161,300 acre-feet in July 2010. The approximately 115,000 acre-feet decrease in storage volume from July 2010 to July 2011 in the study area represents a depletion of about 71 percent of storage volume previously recovered from January 1993 to July 2010; about 105,000 acre-feet of this decrease occurred between January and July 2011. Most of this depletion probably is because of decreased recharge from precipitation that at 9.26 inches for January through July 2011 was less than one-half of normal and increased irrigation pumpage associated with less-than-normal precipitation; city pumpage probably was less than average. For the study area, irrigation pumpage for 2011 was estimated at about 42,700 acre-feet and 2011 city pumpage was estimated at about 21,400 acre-feet. The approximately 29,900 acre-feet decrease in storage volume from July 2010 to July 2011 in the central part of the study area represents a depletion of about 31 percent of the storage volume previously recovered from January 1993 to July 2010. A major factor in the greater percentage retention of the January 1993 to July 2010 recovery in the central part of the study area is the decreased city pumpage as part of Wichita's Integrated Local Water Supply Plan.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., 2012, Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, July 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3208, Map: 1 Sheet: 49.24 x 33.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3208.","productDescription":"Map: 1 Sheet: 49.24 x 33.95 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3208.gif"},{"id":254716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Harvey County;Sedgwick County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.68333333333334,37.81666666666667 ], [ -97.68333333333334,38.1 ], [ -97.36666666666666,38.1 ], [ -97.36666666666666,37.81666666666667 ], [ -97.68333333333334,37.81666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97cbe4b08c986b31bc7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038345,"text":"ofr20121073 - 2012 - Winter ecology and habitat use of lesser prairie-chickens in west Texas, 2008-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-11T01:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121073","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1073","title":"Winter ecology and habitat use of lesser prairie-chickens in west Texas, 2008-11","docAbstract":"The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has experienced declines in population and occupied range by more than 90 percent since the late 1800s. The lesser prairie-chicken has been listed as a candidate species for protection under the Endangered Species Act and is undergoing review for actual listing. Populations and distribution of lesser prairie-chickens in Texas are thought to be at or near all time lows. These factors have led to substantially increased concern for conservation of the species. It is apparent that sound management and conservation strategies for lesser prairie-chickens are necessary to ensure the long-term persistence of the species. To develop those strategies, basic ecological information is required. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the wintering ecology of the species. We examined home range, habitat use, and survival of lesser prairie-chickens during the winters of 2008–9, 2009–10, and 2010–11 in sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) landscapes in west Texas. We captured and radio-tagged 53 adult lesser prairie-chickens. We obtained sufficient locations to estimate winter home-range size for 23 individuals. Home-range size did not differ between years or by sex. Although female prairie-chickens had slightly larger home ranges (503.5 ± 34.9 ha) compared to males (489.1 ± 34.9 ha), the differences were not significant (t2 = 0.05, P = 0.96). During the nonbreeding season, we found that 97.2 percent of locations of male and female prairie-chickens alike were within 3.2 kilometers (km) of the lek of capture. Most locations (96.8%) were within 1.7 km of a known lek and almost all locations (99.9%) were within 3.2 km of an available water source. Habitat cover types were not used proportional to occurrence within the home ranges, grassland dominated areas with sand shinnery oak were used more than available, and sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) areas dominated with grassland as well as sand sagebrush areas dominated with bare ground were both used less than available. Survival rates during the first 2 years (year 1: 0.846 ± 0.141; year 2: 0.827 ± 0.092) were among the highest ever reported for the species during the nonbreeding season. Survival was markedly decreased in year 3 (0.572 ± 0.136) and resulted in an overall nonbreeding season average of 0.721 (± 0.0763). These are still among the highest survival rates reported for the species; it does not appear that winter season mortality is a strong limiting factor in lesser prairie-chicken persistence in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., and Pirius, N.E., 2012, Winter ecology and habitat use of lesser prairie-chickens in west Texas, 2008-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1073, vi, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121073.","productDescription":"vi, 9 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":203,"text":"Cooperative Research Unit Atlanta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1073.gif"},{"id":254715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd148e4b08c986b32f336","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pirius, Nicholas E.","contributorId":57702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pirius","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038338,"text":"70038338 - 2012 - What are plants doing and when? Using plant phenology to facilitate sustainable natural resources management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-17T12:58:15","indexId":"70038338","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-09T08:38:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":234,"text":"WLCI Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"What are plants doing and when? Using plant phenology to facilitate sustainable natural resources management","docAbstract":"Climate change models for the northern Rocky Mountains predict changes in temperature and water availability that in turn will alter vegetation. Changes include timing of plant life-history events, or phenology, such as green-up, flowering and senescence, and shifts in species composition. Moreover, climate changes may favor different species, such as nonnative, annual grasses over native species. Changes in vegetation could make forage for ungulates, sage-grouse, and livestock available earlier in the growing season, but shifts in species composition and phenology may also result in earlier senescence (die-off or dormancy) and reduced overall forage production.","language":"English","publisher":"Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative","publisherLocation":"Rock Springs, WY","usgsCitation":"Chong, G.W., and Allen, L., 2012, What are plants doing and when? Using plant phenology to facilitate sustainable natural resources management: WLCI Fact Sheet 3, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":545,"text":"Rocky Mountain Area Regional Executive","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70038338.gif"},{"id":254711,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wlci/fs/3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd02fe4b08c986b32ecf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chong, Geneva W. 0000-0003-3883-5153 geneva_chong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-5153","contributorId":419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Geneva","email":"geneva_chong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Leslie A. laallen@usgs.gov","contributorId":358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Leslie A.","email":"laallen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156810,"text":"70156810 - 2012 - Extending a prototype knowledge and object based image analysis model to coarser spatial resolution imagery: An example from the Missouri River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T17:23:01.519834","indexId":"70156810","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extending a prototype knowledge and object based image analysis model to coarser spatial resolution imagery: An example from the Missouri River","docAbstract":"A prototype knowledge- and object-based image analysis model was developed to inventory and map least tern and piping plover habitat on the Missouri River, USA. The model has been used to inventory the state of sandbars annually for 4 segments of the Missouri River since 2006 using QuickBird imagery. Interpretation of the state of sandbars is difficult when images for the segment are acquired at different river stages and different states of vegetation phenology and canopy cover. Concurrent QuickBird and RapidEye images were classified using the model and the spatial correspondence of classes in the land cover and sandbar maps were analysed for the spatial extent of the images and at nest locations for both bird species. Omission and commission errors were low for unvegetated land cover classes used for nesting by both bird species and for land cover types with continuous vegetation cover and water. Errors were larger for land cover classes characterized by a mixture of sand and vegetation. Sandbar classification decisions are made using information on land cover class proportions and disagreement between sandbar classes was resolved using fuzzy membership possibilities. Regression analysis of area for a paired sample of 47 sandbars indicated an average positive bias, 1.15 ha, for RapidEye that did not vary with sandbar size. RapidEye has potential to reduce temporal uncertainty about least tern and piping plover habitat but would not be suitable for mapping sandbar erosion, and characterization of sandbar shapes or vegetation patches at fine spatial resolution.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Conference on GEographic Object-Based Image Analysis - GEOBIA 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Conference on Geographic Object-Bsed Image Analysis (GEOBIA) 2012","conferenceDate":"May 7-9, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Rio de Janerio, Brazil","language":"English","publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE","usgsCitation":"Strong, L.L., 2012, Extending a prototype knowledge and object based image analysis model to coarser spatial resolution imagery: An example from the Missouri River, in Proceedings of the 4th Conference on GEographic Object-Based Image Analysis - GEOBIA 2012, Rio de Janerio, Brazil, May 7-9, 2012, p. 530-535.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"535","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.inpe.br/geobia2012/#"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.50701998000714,\n 42.6005805832518\n ],\n [\n -96.76388461029084,\n 42.7893691952502\n ],\n [\n -97.33112733550057,\n 42.97758374357113\n ],\n [\n -98.00539698999499,\n 42.95408832892883\n ],\n [\n -98.77599088084608,\n 43.344506632424725\n ],\n [\n -99.18269321212883,\n 43.686011076895\n ],\n [\n -99.17199051920024,\n 44.117857020570284\n ],\n [\n -99.5465847716972,\n 44.301974774856575\n ],\n [\n -100.26366519790596,\n 44.56944801662351\n ],\n [\n -100.03890864640742,\n 45.10827536358241\n ],\n [\n -100.14593557569205,\n 45.974088075029414\n ],\n [\n -100.73458368675897,\n 47.37657445066216\n ],\n [\n -101.04496178168499,\n 47.79526132043168\n ],\n [\n -101.89673475101897,\n 47.70891118438095\n ],\n [\n -102.2927343893731,\n 48.23912244746745\n ],\n [\n -103.35230098929306,\n 48.31035521828258\n ],\n [\n -104.20795650673412,\n 48.23199370806478\n ],\n [\n -105.56719850865184,\n 48.31035521828258\n ],\n [\n -106.80871088835632,\n 48.11065314649099\n ],\n [\n -107.05487282571141,\n 47.89582208405179\n ],\n [\n -108.1037367327031,\n 47.665682380789974\n ],\n [\n -108.25357443370181,\n 47.3620772261111\n ],\n [\n -107.53649400749336,\n 47.37657445066242\n ],\n [\n -106.123738540933,\n 47.43452350339544\n ],\n [\n -105.89898198943476,\n 47.83119825974856\n ],\n [\n -104.44341575116063,\n 47.85274848627273\n ],\n [\n -104.42201036530376,\n 47.34032391757708\n ],\n [\n -104.0474161128068,\n 47.3620772261111\n ],\n [\n -103.59790300981032,\n 47.78807094808042\n ],\n [\n -102.97714681995794,\n 47.85992990575173\n ],\n [\n -102.72028218967425,\n 47.369326336486694\n ],\n [\n -101.63752201139857,\n 47.24282474037662\n ],\n [\n -100.94184697104699,\n 46.459656380697055\n ],\n [\n -100.7384958054056,\n 45.078610228229905\n ],\n [\n -101.31644122354393,\n 44.79070136587532\n ],\n [\n -100.52444194683565,\n 44.27955666048342\n ],\n [\n -99.65752381962845,\n 43.86432455015091\n ],\n [\n -99.65876850272383,\n 43.4826443504609\n ],\n [\n -98.01055379173697,\n 42.54357913828872\n ],\n [\n -97.35768952309911,\n 42.70895186869885\n ],\n [\n -96.49077139589194,\n 42.38567296057491\n ],\n [\n -96.50701998000714,\n 42.6005805832518\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f4fce4b0bc0bec0a1337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strong, Laurence L. lstrong@usgs.gov","contributorId":3642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"Laurence","email":"lstrong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038324,"text":"fs20123055 - 2012 - Landsat's international partners","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-25T17:16:18","indexId":"fs20123055","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3055","title":"Landsat's international partners","docAbstract":"Since the launch of the first Landsat satellite 40 years ago, International Cooperators (ICs) have formed a key strategic alliance with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to not only engage in Landsat data downlink services but also to enable a foundation for scientific and technical collaboration.\r\nThe map below shows the locations of all ground stations operated by the United States and IC ground station network for the direct downlink and distribution of Landsat 5 (L5) and Landsat 7 (L7) image data. The circles show the approximate area over which each station has the capability for direct reception of Landsat data. The red circles show the components of the L5 ground station network, the green circles show components of the L7 station network, and the dashed circles show stations with dual (L5 and L7) status. The yellow circles show L5 short-term (\"campaign\") stations that contribute to the USGS Landsat archive. \r\nGround stations in South Dakota and Australia currently serve as the primary data capture facilities for the USGS Landsat Ground Network (LGN). The Landsat Ground Station (LGS) is located at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Alice Springs (ASN) ground station is located at the Geoscience Australia facility in Alice Springs, Australia. These sites receive the image data, via X-band Radio Frequency (RF) link, and the spacecraft housekeeping data, via S-band RF link. LGS also provides tracking services and a command link to the spacecrafts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123055","usgsCitation":"Byrnes, R.A., 2012, Landsat's international partners: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3055, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123055.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3055.gif"},{"id":262789,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Argentina;Australia;Brazil;Canada;China;Germany;Indonesia;Italy;Japan;Kenya;Mexico;Russia;South Africa;Thailand","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43efe4b0c8380cd666ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrnes, Raymond A. rbyrnes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"Raymond","email":"rbyrnes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159021,"text":"70159021 - 2012 - Spectroscopic remote sensing for material identification, vegetation characterization, and mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:51:18.36347","indexId":"70159021","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spectroscopic remote sensing for material identification, vegetation characterization, and mapping","docAbstract":"Identifying materials by measuring and analyzing their reflectance spectra has been an important procedure in analytical chemistry for decades. Airborne and space-based imaging spectrometers allow materials to be mapped across the landscape. With many existing airborne sensors and new satellite-borne sensors planned for the future, robust methods are needed to fully exploit the information content of hyperspectral remote sensing data. A method of identifying and mapping materials using spectral feature analyses of reflectance data in an expert-system framework called MICA (Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm) is described. MICA is a module of the PRISM (Processing Routines in IDL for Spectroscopic Measurements) software, available to the public from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1155/. The core concepts of MICA include continuum removal and linear regression to compare key diagnostic absorption features in reference laboratory/field spectra and the spectra being analyzed. The reference spectra, diagnostic features, and threshold constraints are defined within a user-developed MICA command file (MCF). Building on several decades of experience in mineral mapping, a broadly-applicable MCF was developed to detect a set of minerals frequently occurring on the Earth's surface and applied to map minerals in the country-wide coverage of the 2007 Afghanistan HyMap data set. MICA has also been applied to detect sub-pixel oil contamination in marshes impacted by the Deepwater Horizon incident by discriminating the C-H absorption features in oil residues from background vegetation. These two recent examples demonstrate the utility of a spectroscopic approach to remote sensing for identifying and mapping the distributions of materials in imaging spectrometer data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Algorithms and technologies for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery XVIII: 23-27 April 2012, Baltimore, Maryland, United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Algorithms and technologies for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery XVIII","conferenceDate":"April 23-27 2012","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, Maryland","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.919121","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., 2012, Spectroscopic remote sensing for material identification, vegetation characterization, and mapping, in Algorithms and technologies for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery XVIII: 23-27 April 2012, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, v. 8390, Baltimore, Maryland, April 23-27 2012, 839014, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919121.","productDescription":"839014","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037432","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8390","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b39e4b0cdb063e59cee","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lewis, Paul E.","contributorId":149198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577278,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shen, Sylvia S.","contributorId":149199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Sylvia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577279,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":1785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038321,"text":"ofr20111041 - 2012 - Continuous resistivity profiling data from Northport Harbor and Manhasset Bay, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:25:46","indexId":"ofr20111041","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1041","title":"Continuous resistivity profiling data from Northport Harbor and Manhasset Bay, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"An investigation of coastal groundwater systems was performed along the North Shore of Long Island, New York, during May 2008 to constrain nutrient delivery to Northport Harbor and Manhasset Bay by delineating locations of likely groundwater discharge. The embayments are bounded by steep moraines and are underlain by thick, fine-grained sediments deposited in proglacial lakes during the last ice age. Beach sand and gravel overlie the glacial deposits along the coast. The continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) surveys that were conducted indicate the existence of low-salinity groundwater in shore-parallel bands, typically 25 to 50 meters wide, along the shorelines of both bays. Piezometer sampling and seepage meter deployments in intertidal and subtidal areas of the two bays confirmed the presence and discharge of brackish and low-salinity groundwater. The large tidal ranges (up to 3 meters) and the steep onshore topography and hydraulic gradients are important variables controlling coastal groundwater discharge in these areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111041","usgsCitation":"Cross, V., Bratton, J., Crusius, J., Kroeger, K., and Worley, C., 2012, Continuous resistivity profiling data from Northport Harbor and Manhasset Bay, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1041, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111041.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-05-01","temporalEnd":"2008-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1041.gif"},{"id":254708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island;Northport Harbor;Northport Bay;Manhasset Bay;Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"MultiPolygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[[-73.72276875990264, 40.83728198245097], [-73.71287040622362, 40.83844247908911], [-73.70788709713008, 40.83287892167651], [-73.70426242133783, 40.838344584459485], [-73.70030973672738, 40.834756195650115], [-73.70521600985131, 40.82348449679067], [-73.70322936711489, 40.81482273445947], [-73.71089073548785, 40.806801879570386], [-73.7105494129471, 40.796026326961794], [-73.71928144042562, 40.819511211317604], [-73.73177967497593, 40.82652690919479], [-73.72751314321772, 40.83888619839205], [-73.72276875990264, 40.83728198245097]]], [[[-73.36273809459459, 40.89018145945954], [-73.36243633783776, 40.888026054054144], [-73.36385890540531, 40.89005213513512], [-73.36362764792995, 40.89527339297847], [-73.36105687837829, 40.89733740540543], [-73.36273809459459, 40.89018145945954]]], [[[-73.35330058687731, 40.89930892060271], [-73.35872904054054, 40.890784972973044], [-73.35890147297295, 40.90104470270284], [-73.36747998648644, 40.90755402702698], [-73.35877214864865, 40.911649297297295], [-73.35330058687731, 40.89930892060271]]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-73.73177967497593, 40.796026326961794, -73.35293106868511, 40.911821729729695], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091946\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa5fe4b0c8380cd4da90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, V.A.","contributorId":88687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bratton, J.F.","contributorId":94354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, C.R.","contributorId":43479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038318,"text":"ofr20121050 - 2012 - Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:26:31","indexId":"ofr20121050","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T15:04:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1050","title":"Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report presents previously unpublished analyses of trace elements in drill core samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake and from the 1959 eruption that fed the lava lake. The two types of data presented were obtained by instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF). The analyses were performed in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) laboratories from 1989 to 1994. This report contains 93 INAA analyses on 84 samples and 68 EDXRF analyses on 68 samples. The purpose of the study was to document trace-element variation during chemical differentiation, especially during the closed-system differentiation of Kilauea Iki lava lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121050","usgsCitation":"Helz, R.T., 2012, Trace-element analyses of core samples from the 1967-1988 drillings of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1050, iv, 27 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121050.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.; Tables","costCenters":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1050.gif"},{"id":254696,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Iki Lava Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb67ae4b08c986b326cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":85587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind","email":"","middleInitial":"Tuthill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70038317,"text":"sir20125089 - 2012 - Bathymetric and underwater video survey of Lower Granite Reservoir and vicinity, Washington and Idaho, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-08T01:01:39","indexId":"sir20125089","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T14:26:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5089","title":"Bathymetric and underwater video survey of Lower Granite Reservoir and vicinity, Washington and Idaho, 2009-10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a bathymetric survey of the Lower Granite Reservoir, Washington, using a multibeam echosounder, and an underwater video mapping survey during autumn 2009 and winter 2010. The surveys were conducted as part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's study on sediment deposition and control in the reservoir. The multibeam echosounder survey was performed in 1-mile increments between river mile (RM) 130 and 142 on the Snake River, and between RM 0 and 2 on the Clearwater River. The result of the survey is a digital elevation dataset in ASCII coordinate positioning data (easting, northing, and elevation) useful in rendering a 3×3-foot point grid showing bed elevation and reservoir geomorphology. The underwater video mapping survey was conducted from RM 107.73 to 141.78 on the Snake River and RM 0 to 1.66 on the Clearwater River, along 61 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers established cross sections, and dredge material deposit transects. More than 900 videos and 90 bank photographs were used to characterize the sediment facies and ground-truth the multibeam echosounder data. Combined, the surveys were used to create a surficial sediment facies map that displays type of substrate, level of embeddedness, and presence of silt.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Williams, M.L., Fosness, R.L., and Weakland, R.J., 2012, Bathymetric and underwater video survey of Lower Granite Reservoir and vicinity, Washington and Idaho, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5089, iv, 10 p.; Appendices; Figure Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125089.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.; Appendices; Figure Downloads","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5089.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.51666666666667,46.36666666666667 ], [ -117.51666666666667,46.7 ], [ -116.9,46.7 ], [ -116.9,46.36666666666667 ], [ -117.51666666666667,46.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f000e4b0c8380cd4a563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weakland, Rhonda J. weakland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weakland","given":"Rhonda","email":"weakland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70038305,"text":"ofr20111009 - 2012 - National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the sandy shorelines of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T17:54:49","indexId":"ofr20111009","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T10:34:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1009","title":"National assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the sandy shorelines of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, and often are surrounded by communities that consist of valuable real estate. Development is increasing despite the fact that coastal infrastructure may be repeatedly subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, the demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes is increasing. Working with researchers from the University of Hawaii, investigators with the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project have compiled a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines and shoreline-change rates for the islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui, Hawaii. No widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change currently exists. Current measurement and rate-calculation methods vary from study to study, precluding the combination of study results into statewide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment was to develop a standardized method for measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the measurements in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for Kauai, Maui, and Oahu that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in the Geospatial Data section of this report.
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