{"pageNumber":"165","pageRowStart":"4100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11004,"records":[{"id":70042605,"text":"pp1794A15 - 2012 - Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:25","indexId":"pp1794A15","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-15","title":"Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"This chapter has been modified from original material published in Raumann and Soulard (2007), entitled “Land-cover trends of the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, 1973–2000” (U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5011). The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion covers approximately 53,413 km² (20,623 mi²) with the majority of the area (98 percent) in California and the remainder in Nevada (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion is generally oriented north-south and is essentially defined by the Sierra Nevada physiographic province, which separates California’s Central Valley to the west from the Great Basin to the east. It is bounded by seven other ecoregions: Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion on the west; Klamath Mountains and Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregions on the north; Southern California Mountains Ecoregion on the south; and Northern Basin and Range, Central Basin and Range, and Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregions on the east (fig. 1). The Sierra Nevada range is a granitic batholith, much of which is exposed at higher elevations, with a gradual western slope and a generally steep eastern escarpment.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A15","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Raumann, C.G., and Soulard, C.E., 2012, Sierra Nevada Ecoregion: Chapter 15 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-15, Chapter 15: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A15.","productDescription":"Chapter 15: 9 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_15.jpg"},{"id":265648,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265646,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265647,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter15.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,35.5 ], [ -122.0,41.0 ], [ -117.9,41.0 ], [ -117.9,35.5 ], [ -122.0,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53712e4b0114312ab024b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raumann, Christian G.","contributorId":65893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raumann","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042603,"text":"pp1794A13 - 2012 - Klamath Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:01:54","indexId":"pp1794A13","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-13","title":"Klamath Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Klamath Mountains Ecoregion covers approximately 47,791 km<sup>2</sup> (18,452 mi<sup>2</sup>) of the Klamath and Siskiyou Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is flanked by the Coast Range Ecoregion to the west, the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion to the south, the Cascades and the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregions to the east, and the Willamette Valley Ecoregion to the north. The mild Mediterranean climate of the ecoregion is characterized by hot, dry summers and wet winters; the amount of winter moisture varies within the ecoregion, decreasing from west to east. The Klamath–Siskiyou Mountains region is widely recognized as an important biodiversity hotspot (Whittaker, 1960; Kruckeberg, 1984; Wagner, 1997; DellaSala and others, 1999), containing more than 3,500 plant species, more than 200 of which are endemic (Sawyer, 2007). A biological assessment by DellaSala and others (1999) ranked the Klamath–Siskiyou Mountains region as the fifth richest coniferous forest in terms of species diversity. In addition, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature considers the region an area of notable botanical importance (Wagner, 1997). Twenty-nine different species of conifers can be found in the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion (Sawyer, 1996).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A13","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sleeter, B.M., and Calzia, J.P., 2012, Klamath Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 13 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-13, Chapter 13: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A13.","productDescription":"Chapter 13: 9 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_13.jpg"},{"id":265640,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265638,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265639,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter13.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,39.0 ], [ -124.5,44.0 ], [ -121.8,44.0 ], [ -121.8,39.0 ], [ -124.5,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f5370ae4b0114312ab0228","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calzia, James P. jcalzia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calzia","given":"James","email":"jcalzia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042598,"text":"pp1794A12 - 2012 - Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion: Chapter 12 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:02:10","indexId":"pp1794A12","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-12","title":"Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion: Chapter 12 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) covers approximately 57,329 km² (22,135 mi²) in the states of Washington, Oregon, and California (fig. 1). The ecoregion is bounded on the east by the Columbia Plateau, Blue Mountains, and Northern Basin and Range Ecoregions; on the south by the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion; on the west by the Klamath Mountains and Cascades Ecoregions; and on the north by the North Cascades Ecoregion (fig. 1). Because the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion lies within the rain shadow of the Cascade Range, the annual amount of precipitation varies greatly, from 500 mm in the eastern and southern sections of the ecoregion to 3,000 mm in the area bordering the higher Cascade Range to the west. Precipitation (either rain or snow) falls mostly in the fall, through winter into spring. Elevations range from near sea level at the Columbia River to more than 3,300 m; most of the region is between 900 and 2,000 m high. In the plateaus, elevation generally varies from 60 to 600 m (McNab and Avers, 1994).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A12","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 12 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion: Chapter 12 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-12, Chapter 12: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A12.","productDescription":"Chapter 12: 7 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_12.jpg"},{"id":265635,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265633,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265634,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter12.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,40.5 ], [ -122.75,48.0 ], [ -120.0,48.0 ], [ -120.0,40.5 ], [ -122.75,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53703e4b0114312ab0209","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042597,"text":"pp1794A11 - 2012 - Cascades Ecoregion: Chapter 11 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:04:51","indexId":"pp1794A11","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-11","title":"Cascades Ecoregion: Chapter 11 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Cascades Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) covers approximately 46,787 km<sup>2</sup> (18,064 mi<sup>2</sup>) in Washington, Oregon, and California (fig. 1). The main body of the ecoregion extends from Snoqualmie Pass, Washington, in the north, to Hayden Mountain, near State Highway 66 in southern Oregon. Also included in the ecoregion is a small isolated section south of Bend, Oregon, as well as a larger one around Mount Shasta, California. The ecoregion is bounded on the west by the Klamath Mountains, Willamette Valley, and Puget Lowland Ecoregions; on the north by the North Cascades Ecoregion; and on the east by the Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills Ecoregion. The Cascades Ecoregion is a forested, mountainous ecoregion, and it contains a large amount of Cenozoic volcanic rock and many active and inactive volcanoes, especially in the east (McNab and Avers, 1994). Elevations range from near sea level at the Columbia River to 4,390 m at Mount Rainier in Washington, with most of the ecoregion between 645 and 2,258 m. The west side of the ecoregion is characterized by long, steep ridges and wide river valleys. Subalpine meadows are present at higher elevations, and alpine glaciers have left till and outwash deposits (McNab and Avers, 1994). Precipitation in the Cascades Ecoregion ranges from 1,300 to 3,800 mm, falling mostly as rain and snow from October to June. Average annual temperatures range from –1ºC to 11ºC. The length of the growing season varies from less than 30 days to 240 days (McNab and Avers, 1994).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A11","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 11 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Cascades Ecoregion: Chapter 11 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-11, Chapter 11: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A11.","productDescription":"Chapter 11: 9 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_11.jpg"},{"id":265629,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265631,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265630,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter11.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,41.0 ], [ -123.5,48.0 ], [ -121.0,48.0 ], [ -121.0,41.0 ], [ -123.5,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536f9e4b0114312ab01e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042655,"text":"pp1794A26 - 2012 - Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:05:43","indexId":"pp1794A26","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-26","title":"Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"Situated between ecoregions of distinctly different topographies and climates, the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion represents a large area of approximately 192,869 km<sup>2</sup> (74,467 mi<sup>2</sup>) that stretches across northern Arizona, central and northwestern New Mexico, and parts of southwestern Colorado; in addition, a small part extends into southeastern Nevada (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). Forested, mountainous terrain borders the ecoregion on the northeast (Southern Rockies Ecoregion) and southwest (Arizona/New Mexico Mountains Ecoregion). Warmer and drier climates exist to the south (Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion) and west (Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion). The semiarid grasslands of the western Great Plains are to the east (Southwestern Tablelands Ecoregion), and the tablelands of the Colorado Plateau in Utah and western Colorado lie to the north (Colorado Plateaus Ecoregion). The Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion occupies a significant portion of the southern half of the Colorado Plateau.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A26","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Ruhlman, J., Gass, L., and Middleton, B., 2012, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion: Chapter 26 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-26, Chapter 26: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A26.","productDescription":"Chapter 26: 9 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_26.jpg"},{"id":265748,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265749,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter26.pdf"},{"id":265750,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;Colorado;Nevada;New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,33.0 ], [ -114.25,38.5 ], [ -104.0,38.5 ], [ -104.0,33.0 ], [ -114.25,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7d9fbe4b0faa3ef21eba8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhlman, Jana","contributorId":93013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhlman","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Barry","contributorId":38119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042593,"text":"pp1794A9 - 2012 - Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 9 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:56:37","indexId":"pp1794A9","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-9","title":"Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 9 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion covers approximately 44,176 km<sup>2</sup> (17, 057 mi<sup>2</sup>) (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). With the exception of a small part of the ecoregion extending into southern Wyoming and southern Idaho, the vast majority of the ecoregion is located along the eastern mountain ranges of Utah. The ecoregion is situated between the Wyoming Basin and Colorado Plateaus Ecoregions to the east and south and the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion to the west; in addition, the Middle Rockies, Snake River Basin, and Northern Basin and Range Ecoregions are nearby to the north. Considered the western front of the Rocky Mountains, the two major mountain ranges that define the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion include the north-south-trending Wasatch Range and east-west- trending Uinta Mountains. Both mountain ranges have been altered by multiple mountain building and burial cycles since the Precambrian era 2.6 billion years ago, and they have been shaped by glacial processes as early as 1.6 million years ago. The terrain is defined by sharp ridgelines, glacial lakes, and narrow canyons, with elevations ranging from 1,829 m in the lower canyons to 4,123 m at Kings Peak, the highest point in Utah (Milligan, 2010).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A9","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 9 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.S., 2012, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains Ecoregion: Chapter 9 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-9, Chapter 9: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A9.","productDescription":"Chapter 9: 8 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_9.jpg"},{"id":265618,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265619,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter09.pdf"},{"id":265620,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,37.0 ], [ -114.0,43.0 ], [ -109.0,43.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -114.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f53717e4b0114312ab0267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Mark S. mbrooks@usgs.gov","contributorId":5296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Mark","email":"mbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043563,"text":"70043563 - 2012 - Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T08:36:07","indexId":"70043563","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.","docAbstract":"Umbra pygmaea DeKay (Eastern Mudminnow) is one of four species of Umbridae in North America. There is little published life-history information on the species within its native range, particularly on age, growth, and reproduction. This study focuses on these aspects of the life history of this fish at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in Morris County, NJ. A total of 336 fish of seven species was collected from June 1978 through May 1979, with the Eastern Mudminnow comprising 74% of the total. The average annual growth increment in total length for the Eastern Mudminnow was 15.3  2.06 mm, with age-1 fish averaging 40 mm total length and age-5 fish, the oldest collected, averaging 107 mm total length. The length-weight relationship was log10W = -5.291 + 3.182 log10TL mm for males and log10W = -4.999 + 3.032 log10TL mm for females. We observed no statistically significant sexually dimorphic differences in length-weight relationships in this population. The ratio of females to males increased from a low of 0.6 (predominance of male fish) at age-1 to a high of 4.6 (predominance of females) at age-5. Annual mortality for age 2–5 fish ranged from 40–76% with a mean of 59  13%. Age-specific fecundity estimates ranged from 250 eggs/female at age-1 to 2168 eggs/female at age-5. The relationship of number of mature ova to age was best described by the exponential function y = 149.29e0.5287x, where y = age-specific fecundity and x = age in years. Ova ranged from 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter in June and July and averaged 1.41  0.1 mm (range = 1.29–1.62 mm) in early February prior to spawning. Peak spawning occurred in mid-April at temperatures of 9–12 °C, and all females were spent by late April (13–15 °C).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/045.019.0206","usgsCitation":"Panek, F., and Weis, J.S., 2012, Age, Growth and Reproduction of the Eastern Mudminnow (Umbra pygmaea) at the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey.: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 19, no. 2, p. 217-228, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.019.0206.","startPage":"217","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-034298","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267992,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.019.0206"}],"country":"United States","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f2fde4b04edf7e93f83d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panek, Frank fpanek@usgs.gov","contributorId":791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panek","given":"Frank","email":"fpanek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":473851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weis, Judith S.","contributorId":71080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042656,"text":"pp1794A27 - 2012 - Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T12:41:47","indexId":"pp1794A27","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-27","title":"Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Chihuahuan Desert is the largest of the North American deserts, extending from southern New Mexico and Texas deep into Mexico, with approximately 90 percent of its area falling south of the United States–Mexico border (Lowe, 1964, p. 24). The Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion covers approximately 174,472 km<sup>2</sup> (67,364 mi<sup>2</sup>) within the United States, including much of west Texas, southern New Mexico, and a small portion of southeastern Arizona (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is generally oriented from northwest to southeast, with the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion to the west; the Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau, Southwestern Tablelands, and Western High Plains Ecoregions to the north; and the Edwards Plateau and Southern Texas Plains Ecoregions to the east (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A27","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Ruhlman, J., Gass, L., and Middleton, B., 2012, Chihuahuan Deserts Ecoregion: Chapter 27 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-27, Chapter 27: 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A27.","productDescription":"Chapter 27: 10 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_27.jpg"},{"id":265754,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":265752,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":265753,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter27.pdf"}],"country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;New Mexico;Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,29.0 ], [ -109.5,34.5 ], [ -100.25,34.5 ], [ -100.25,29.0 ], [ -109.5,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f7da0be4b0faa3ef21ebbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhlman, Jana","contributorId":93013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhlman","given":"Jana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Barry","contributorId":38119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041059,"text":"70041059 - 2012 - Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:13:30.196029","indexId":"70041059","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting","docAbstract":"<p><span>Topographic development inboard of the continental margin is a predicted response to ridge subduction. New thermochronology results from the western Alaska Range document ridge subduction related orogenesis. K-feldspar thermochronology (KFAT) of bedrock samples from the Tordrillo Mountains in the western Alaska Range complement existing U-Pb,&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and AFT (apatite fission track) data to provide constraints on Paleocene pluton emplacement, and cooling as well as Late Eocene to Miocene vertical movements and exhumation along fault-bounded blocks. Based on the KFAT analysis we infer rapid exhumation-related cooling during the Eocene in the Tordrillo Mountains. Our KFAT cooling ages are coeval with deposition of clastic sediments in the Cook Inlet, Matanuska Valley and Tanana basins, which reflect high-energy depositional environments. The Tordrillo Mountains KFAT cooling ages are also the same as cooling ages in the Iliamna Lake region, the Kichatna Mountains of the western Alaska Range, and Mt. Logan in the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains, thus rapid cooling at this time encompasses a broad region inboard of, and parallel to, the continental margin extending for several hundred kilometers. We infer these cooling events and deposition of clastic rocks are related to thermal effects that track the eastward passage of a slab window in Paleocene-Eocene time related to the subduction of the proposed Resurrection-Kula spreading ridge. In addition, we conclude that the reconstructed KFAT</span><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;negative age-elevation relationship is likely related to a long period of decreasing relief in the Tordrillo Mountains.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GC003951","usgsCitation":"Benowitz, J.A., Haeussler, P.J., Layer, P.W., O'Sullivan, P., Wallace, W.K., and Gillis, R., 2012, Cenozoic tectono-thermal history of the Tordrillo Mountains, Alaska: Paleocene-Eocene ridge subduction, decreasing relief, and late Neogene faulting: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 4, Q04009; 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GC003951.","productDescription":"Q04009; 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036740","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gc003951","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Tordrillo Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.65,\n              61.985\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.65,\n              61.18\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.42,\n              61.18\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.42,\n              61.985\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.65,\n              61.985\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8ddabe4b0af4069e43928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benowitz, Jeff A.","contributorId":31282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benowitz","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O'Sullivan, Paul B.","contributorId":36627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Sullivan","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, Wes K.","contributorId":106397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Wes","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gillis, Robert J.","contributorId":69438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillis","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70188518,"text":"70188518 - 2012 - Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T14:12:02","indexId":"70188518","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drained thermokarst lake basins accumulate significant amounts of soil organic carbon in the form of peat, which is of interest to understanding carbon cycling and climate change feedbacks associated with thermokarst in the Arctic. Remote sensing is a tool useful for understanding temporal and spatial dynamics of drained basins. In this study, we tested the application of high-resolution X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the German TerraSAR-X satellite from the 2009 growing season (July–September) for characterizing drained thermokarst lake basins of various age in the ice-rich permafrost region of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. To enhance interpretation of patterns identified in X-band SAR for these basins, we also analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from a Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image acquired on July 2009 and compared both X-band SAR and NDVI data with observations of basin age. We found significant logarithmic relationships between (a) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, (b) Landat-5 TM NDVI and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, and (c) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 50 to 10,000 years. NDVI was a better indicator of basin age over a period of 0–10,000 years. However, TerraSAR-X data performed much better for discriminating radiocarbon-dated basins (50–10,000 years old). No clear relationships were found for either backscatter or NDVI and basin age from 0 to 50 years. We attribute the decreasing trend of backscatter and NDVI with increasing basin age to post-drainage changes in the basin surface. Such changes include succession in vegetation, soils, hydrology, and renewed permafrost aggradation, ground ice accumulation and localized frost heave. Results of this study show the potential application of X-band SAR data in combination with NDVI data to map long-term succession dynamics of drained thermokarst lake basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Remote Sensing","doi":"10.3390/rs4123741","usgsCitation":"Regmi, P., Grosse, G., Jones, M.C., Jones, B.M., and Walter Anthony, K., 2012, Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data: Remote Sensing, v. 4, p. 3741-3765, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123741.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"3741","endPage":"3765","ipdsId":"IP-041633","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.4443359375,\n              66.46066349658045\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.806640625,\n              66.23145747862573\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.3779296875,\n              66.12496236487968\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.30078125,\n              66.16051056018838\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.564453125,\n              66.42553717157787\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.564453125,\n              66.65297740055279\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.35546875,\n              66.75724984139227\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9375,\n              66.58321725728175\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.2119140625,\n              66.31986144668052\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.00292968749997,\n              66.01801815922045\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.7060546875,\n              65.4034447883078\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.6953125,\n              64.4348920430406\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.9814453125,\n              64.01449619484472\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.30078125,\n              63.93737246791484\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.20214843749997,\n              64.35893097894458\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.3232421875,\n              64.60503753178527\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.0595703125,\n              64.77412531292873\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.4443359375,\n              65.164578884019\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.26855468749997,\n              65.56754970214311\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.048828125,\n              65.92855383515203\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.4443359375,\n              66.46066349658045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3de4b0764e6c65dc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regmi, Prajna","contributorId":192910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regmi","given":"Prajna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter Anthony, Katey","contributorId":192911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter Anthony","given":"Katey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70041128,"text":"ofr20121227 - 2012 - Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and surface geophysical data, Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 2008 to 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T14:36:20","indexId":"ofr20121227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1227","title":"Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and surface geophysical data, Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 2008 to 2011","docAbstract":"The Elkhorn-Loup Model (ELM) was begun in 2006 to understand the effect of various groundwater-management scenarios on surface-water resources. During phase one of the ELM study, a lack of subsurface geological information was identified as a data gap. Test holes drilled to the base of the aquifer in the ELM study area are spaced as much as 25 miles apart, especially in areas of the western Sand Hills. Given the variable character of the hydrostratigraphic units that compose the High Plains aquifer system, substantial variation in aquifer thickness and characteristics can exist between test holes. To improve the hydrogeologic understanding of the ELM study area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, multiple Natural Resources Districts participating in the ELM study, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division, described the subsurface lithology at six test holes drilled in 2010 and concurrently collected borehole geophysical data to identify the base of the High Plains aquifer system. A total of 124 time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings of resistivity were collected at and between selected test-hole locations during 2008-11 as a quick, non-invasive means of identifying the base of the High Plains aquifer system. Test-hole drilling and geophysical logging indicated the base-of-aquifer elevation was less variable in the central ELM area than in previously reported results from the western part of the ELM study area, where deeper paleochannels were eroded into the Brule Formation. In total, more than 435 test holes were examined and compared with the modeled-TDEM soundings. Even where present, individual stratigraphic units could not always be identified in modeled-TDEM sounding results if sufficient resistivity contrast was not evident; however, in general, the base of aquifer [top of the aquifer confining unit (ACU)] is one of the best-resolved results from the TDEM-based models, and estimates of the base-of-aquifer elevation are in good accordance with those from existing test-hole data. Differences between ACU elevations based on modeled-TDEM and test-hole data ranged from 2 to 113 feet (0.6 to 34 meters). The modeled resistivity results reflect the eastward thinning of Miocene-age and older stratigraphic units, and generally allowed confident identification of the accompanying change in the stratigraphic unit forming the ACU. The differences in elevation of the top of the Ogallala, estimated on the basis of the modeled-TDEM resistivity, and the test-hole data ranged from 11 to 251 feet (3.4 to 77 meters), with two-thirds of model results being within 60 feet of the test-hole contact elevation. The modeled-TDEM soundings also provided information regarding the distribution of Plio-Pleistocene gravel deposits, which had an average thickness of 100 feet (30 meters) in the study area; however, in many cases the contact between the Plio-Pleistocene deposits and the overlying Quaternary deposits cannot be reliably distinguished using TDEM soundings alone because of insufficient thickness or resistivity contrast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources; and the Upper Elkhorn, Lower Elkhorn, Upper Loup, Lower Loup, Middle Niobrara, Lower Niobrara, Lewis and Clark, and Lower Platte North Natural Resources Districts; and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., Bedrosian, P.A., and Bloss, B., 2012, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and surface geophysical data, Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 2008 to 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1227, Report: x, 95 p.; Supplemental Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121227.","productDescription":"Report: x, 95 p.; Supplemental Data","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037355","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1227.gif"},{"id":263481,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1227/downloads/Supplemental_Data.xlsx"},{"id":263478,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1227/"},{"id":263479,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1227/of2012-1227.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn And Loup River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.5,40.0 ], [ -102.5,43.0 ], [ -97.0,43.0 ], [ -97.0,40.0 ], [ -102.5,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df06b5e4b0dfbe79e687ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bloss, Benjamin R.","contributorId":19446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloss","given":"Benjamin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048348,"text":"70048348 - 2012 - Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:30:53","indexId":"70048348","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters","docAbstract":"Coastal and estuarine waters are the site of intense anthropogenic influence with concomitant use for recreation and seafood harvesting. Therefore, coastal and estuarine water quality has a direct impact on human health. In eastern North Carolina (NC) there are over 240 recreational and 1025 shellfish harvesting water quality monitoring sites that are regularly assessed. Because of the large number of sites, sampling frequency is often only on a weekly basis. This frequency, along with an 18–24 h incubation time for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) enumeration via culture-based methods, reduces the efficiency of the public notification process. In states like NC where beach monitoring resources are limited but historical data are plentiful, predictive models may offer an improvement for monitoring and notification by providing real-time FIB estimates. In this study, water samples were collected during 12 dry (n = 88) and 13 wet (n = 66) weather events at up to 10 sites. Statistical predictive models for Escherichiacoli (EC), enterococci (ENT), and members of the Bacteroidales group were created and subsequently validated. Our results showed that models for EC and ENT (adjusted R2 were 0.61 and 0.64, respectively) incorporated a range of antecedent rainfall, climate, and environmental variables. The most important variables for EC and ENT models were 5-day antecedent rainfall, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. These models successfully predicted FIB levels over a wide range of conditions with a 3% (EC model) and 9% (ENT model) overall error rate for recreational threshold values and a 0% (EC model) overall error rate for shellfish threshold values. Though modeling of members of the Bacteroidales group had less predictive ability (adjusted R<sup>2</sup> were 0.56 and 0.53 for fecal Bacteroides spp. and human Bacteroides spp., respectively), the modeling approach and testing provided information on Bacteroidales ecology. This is the first example of a set of successful statistical predictive models appropriate for assessment of both recreational and shellfish harvesting water quality in estuarine waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez, R., Conn, K., Crosswell, J., and Noble, R., 2012, Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters: Water Research, v. 46, no. 18, p. 5871-5882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5871","endPage":"5882","ipdsId":"IP-036574","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278004,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.709756,34.769892 ], [ -76.709756,34.78618 ], [ -76.669006,34.78618 ], [ -76.669006,34.769892 ], [ -76.709756,34.769892 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524162e2e4b0ec672f073ad1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez, Raul","contributorId":17131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crosswell, Joey","contributorId":75437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosswell","given":"Joey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Rachel","contributorId":82212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040911,"text":"70040911 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal trends of freshwater mussel assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:53:44","indexId":"70040911","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends of freshwater mussel assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Meramec River basin in east-central Missouri has one of the most diverse unionoid mussel faunas in the central United States with >40 species identified. Data were analyzed from historical surveys to test whether diversity and abundance of mussels in the Meramec River basin (Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers, representing >400 river miles) decreased between 1978 and 1997. We found that over 20y, species richness and diversity decreased significantly in the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers but not in the Big River. Most species were found at fewer sites and in lower numbers in 1997 than in 1978. Federally endangered species and Missouri Species of Conservation Concern with the most severe temporal declines were <i>Alasmidonta viridis, Arcidens confragosus, Elliptio crassidens, Epioblasma triquetra, Fusconaia ebena, Lampsilis abrupta, Lampsilis brittsi</i>, and <i>Simpsonaias ambigua</i>. Averaged across all species, mussels were generally being extirpated from historical sampling sites more rapidly than colonization was occurring. An exception was one reach of the Meramec River between river miles 28.4 and 59.5, where mussel abundance and diversity were greater than in other reaches and where colonization of Margaritiferidae, Lampsilini, and Quadrulini exceeded extirpation. The exact reasons mussel diversity and abundance have remained robust in this 30- mile reach is uncertain, but the reach is associated with increased gradients, few long pools, and vertical rock faces, all of which are preferable for mussels. Complete loss of mussel communities at eight sites (16%) with relatively diverse historical assemblages was attributed to physical habitat changes including bank erosion, unstable substrate, and sedimentation. Mussel conservation efforts, including restoring and protecting riparian habitats, limiting the effects of in-stream sand and gravel mining, monitoring and controlling invasive species, and protecting water quality, may be warranted in the Meramec River basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/052012-JFWM-038","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., McMurray, S., Roberts, A.D., Barnhart, M., Ingersoll, C.G., Wang, N., and Augspurger, T., 2012, Spatial and temporal trends of freshwater mussel assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 319-331, https://doi.org/10.3996/052012-JFWM-038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"331","ipdsId":"IP-035423","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052012-jfwm-038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263419,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052012-JFWM-038"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4ce19e4b0e8fec6ce2279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":38507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMurray, Stephen E.","contributorId":38687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurray","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Andrew D.","contributorId":52304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, M. 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,{"id":70040894,"text":"ofr20121216 - 2012 - Proceedings of the workshop on alternative futures: Accounting for growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T14:01:02.89002","indexId":"ofr20121216","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1216","title":"Proceedings of the workshop on alternative futures: Accounting for growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>This workshop provided a forum for identifying and discussing policies and assumptions for use in creating regionally consistent alternative future land-use scenarios. The alternative scenarios will help to inform how planning can potentially be used as a primary Best Management Practice by identifying land-use policies and other planning actions that can be taken to minimize future increases in nutrients and sediments associated with the spatial pattern and intensity of land development. The Chesapeake Bay Program Office will run these scenarios through the watershed model to quantify the differences in loadings achieved through implementation of land-use policies and to help assess the uncertainty associated with the current trend forecast. In addition, the outcomes of this workshop can assist jurisdictions in planning for growth with respect to minimizing future increases in nutrient and sediment associated with land development. Ultimately, this workshop was intended to provide jurisdictions with information that can be used to better account for refinement of their Watershed Implementation Plans.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Workshop on alternative futures","conferenceDate":"September 15, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121216","usgsCitation":"2012, Proceedings of the workshop on alternative futures: Accounting for growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1216, Report: iv, 29 p.; Agenda: 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121216.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; Agenda: 2 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science 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,{"id":70040860,"text":"sir20125164 - 2012 - Global exploration and production capacity for platinum-group metals from 1995 through 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-20T08:59:45","indexId":"sir20125164","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5164","title":"Global exploration and production capacity for platinum-group metals from 1995 through 2015","docAbstract":"Platinum-group metals (PGMs) are required in a variety of commercial, industrial, and military applications for many existing and emerging technologies, yet the United States is highly dependent on foreign sources of PGMs. Information on global exploration for PGMs since 1995 has been used in this study as a basis for identifying locations where the industry has determined that exploration has provided data sufficient to warrant development of a new mine or expansion of an existing operation or where a significant increase in capacity for PGMs is anticipated by 2015. Discussions include an overview of the industry and the selected sites, factors affecting mineral supply, and circumstances leading to the development of mineral properties with the potential to affect mineral supply. Of the 52 sites or regional operations that were considered in this analysis, 16 sites were producing before 1995, 28 sites commenced production from 1995 through 2010, and 8 sites were expected to begin production from 2011 through 2015 if development plans came to fruition. The United States imports PGMs primarily from Canada, Russia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe to meet increasing demand for these materials in a variety of specialized and high-tech applications. Feed sources of PGMs are changing in South Africa and Russia, which together accounted for about 89 percent of platinum production and 82 percent of palladium production in 2009. A greater amount of South African PGM capacity is likely to come from deeper, higher cost Upper Group Reef seam 2 deposits and deposits in the Eastern Bushveld area. Future Russian PGM capacity is likely to come from ore zones with generally lower PGM content and different platinum-to-palladium ratios than the nickel-rich ore that dominated PGM supply in the 1990s. Because PGM supply from Canada and Russia is derived as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining, the PGM supply from these countries is influenced by economic, environmental, political, and technological factors affecting exploration for and development of copper and nickel, as well as factors affecting the PGM industry. The recovery of PGMs from mill tailings since 2004 and the recycling of PGMs from catalytic converters, electrical components, and jewelry has increased since 1995 so that recycled PGMs recovered from these products accounted for about 30 percent of the supply of platinum worldwide and 29 percent of the supply of palladium worldwide in 2010. Economic and geopolitical conditions have influenced PGM supply and demand. The global recession of 2008 and 2009 temporarily decreased demand for PGMs and constrained PGM mine exploration and development, at least through 2010. Legislation regulating the structure of the mining sector has affected mining in Russia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Stricter vehicle emissions standards in established markets since the 1980s have led to mandatory use of pollution control devices, such as catalytic converters, that contain PGMs and are required on vehicles in expanding markets, such as China and India. It is expected that South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Zimbabwe will continue to be the principal sources of PGM at least for the next decade. Based on this review of the PGM industry, the world’s platinum capacity, expressed in terms of recoverable platinum metal, increased from 1995 through 2010 by 77,000 kilograms (kg) in South Africa, 9,000 kg in Zimbabwe, 6,000 kg in Russia, 2,000 kg in Botswana, and 2,000 kg in Canada. For the same period, palladium capacity worldwide increased by 44,000 kg in South Africa, 22,000 kg in Russia, 8,000 kg in Canada, 8,000 kg in the United States, 7,000 kg in Zimbabwe, and 3,000 kg in Botswana. Platinum capacity worldwide is expected to further increase by 24,000 kg in South Africa, 9,000 kg in Russia, 3,000 kg in Canada, and 2,000 kg in Zimbabwe from 2011 through 2015. Palladium capacity worldwide is likewise expected to increase an additional 16,000 kg in Russia, 14,000 kg in South Africa, 4,000 kg in Zimbabwe, and 1,000 kg in Canada if new or expanded mine and associated processing capacity comes into production as planned. It is likely that the magnitude of these changes in PGM capacity has been influenced by such factors as the global economy, electrical capacity shortages and mine safety concerns in South Africa, and geopolitical conditions in the major PGM producing countries.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125164","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., 2012, Global exploration and production capacity for platinum-group metals from 1995 through 2015 (Originally posted November 26, 2012; Revised December 14, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5164, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125164.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264658,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/"},{"id":263371,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5164/"},{"id":263372,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5164/pdf/sir2012-5164.pdf"},{"id":263373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5164.gif"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted November 26, 2012; Revised December 14, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50b48f8ae4b0b3fb1a229140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":1755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040831,"text":"ofr20121220 - 2012 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Greene and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:24:37","indexId":"ofr20121220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1220","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Greene and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in the area of Pennsylvania. Coalbed methane, which is sometimes extracted using the same technique, is commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and is frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Greene County and Tioga County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics are also used to quantify these changes and are included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121220","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., Milheim, L., Roig-Silva, C., and Fisher, G., 2012, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Greene and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1220, v; 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121220.","productDescription":"v; 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1220.gif"},{"id":263299,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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G.B.","contributorId":70238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040764,"text":"pp1793 - 2012 - Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T08:47:02","indexId":"pp1793","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1793","title":"Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana","docAbstract":"The Late Cretaceous Boulder batholith in southwest Montana consists of the Butte Granite and a group of associated smaller intrusions emplaced into Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and into the Late Cretaceous Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics. The Boulder batholith is dominated by the voluminous Butte Granite, which is surrounded by as many as a dozen individually named, peripheral intrusions. These granodiorite, monzogranite, and minor syenogranite intrusions contain varying abundances of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, rare clinopyroxene, and opaque oxide minerals. Mafic, intermediate, and felsic subsets of the Boulder batholith intrusions are defined principally on the basis of color index. Most Boulder batholith plutons have inequigranular to seriate textures although several are porphyritic and some are granophyric (and locally miarolitic). Most of these plutons are medium grained but several of the more felsic and granophyric intrusions are fine grained. Petrographic characteristics, especially relative abundances of constituent minerals, are distinctive and foster reasonably unambiguous identification of individual intrusions. Seventeen samples from plutons of the Boulder batholith were dated by SHRIMP (<u>S</u>ensitive <u>H</u>igh <u>R</u>esolution <u>I</u>on <u>M</u>icroprobe) zircon U-Pb geochronology. Three samples of the Butte Granite show that this large pluton may be composite, having formed during two episodes of magmatism at about 76.7 &plusmn; 0.5 Ma (2 samples) and 74.7 &plusmn; 0.6 million years ago (Ma) (1 sample). However, petrographic and chemical data are inconsistent with the Butte Granite consisting of separate, compositionally distinct intrusions. Accordingly, solidification of magma represented by the Butte Granite appears to have spanned about 2 million year (m.y.). The remaining Boulder batholith plutons were emplaced during a 6-10 m.y. span (81.7 &plusmn; 1.4 Ma to 73.7 &plusmn; 0.6 Ma). The compositional characteristics of these plutons are similar to those of moderately differentiated subduction-related magmas. The plutons form relatively coherent, distinct but broadly overlapping major oxide composition clusters or linear arrays on geochemical variation diagrams. Rock compositions are subalkaline, magnesian, calc-alkalic to calcic, and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. The Butte Granite intrusion is homogeneous with respect to major oxide abundances. Each of the plutons is also characterized by distinct trace element abundances although absolute trace element abundance variations are relatively minor. Limited Sr and Nd isotope data for whole-rock samples of the Boulder batholith are more radiogenic than those for plutonic rocks of western Idaho, eastern Oregon, the Salmon River suture, and most of the Big Belt Mountains. Initial strontium (Sr<sub>i</sub>) values are low and epsilon neodymium (&epsilon;<sub>Nd</sub>) values are comparable relative to those of other southwest Montana basement and Mesozoic intrusive rocks. Importantly, although the Boulder batholith hosts significant mineral deposits, including the world-class Butte Cu-Ag deposit, ore metal abundances in the Butte Granite, as well as in its peripheral plutons, are not elevated but are comparable to global average abundances in igneous rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1793","usgsCitation":"du Bray, E.A., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Lund, K., 2012, Synthesis of petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data for the Boulder batholith, southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1793, Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1793.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 39 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1793.gif"},{"id":263204,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/"},{"id":263205,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/PP1793.pdf"},{"id":263206,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1793/Appendix_1.xls"}],"scale":"200000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.75,45.75 ], [ -112.75,46.75 ], [ -111.5,46.75 ], [ -111.5,45.75 ], [ -112.75,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76087e4b0e93eb366ee52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","indexId":"ofr20111313","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T15:34:23","indexId":"70040794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","docAbstract":"Mountain goats (<i>Oreamnos americanus</i>) were introduced in Washington's Olympic Mountains during the 1920s. The population subsequently increased in numbers and expanded in range, leading to concerns by the 1970s over the potential effects of non-native mountain goats on high-elevation plant communities in Olympic National Park. The National Park Service (NPS) transplanted mountain goats from the Olympic Mountains to other ranges between 1981 and 1989 as a means to manage overabundant populations, and began monitoring population trends of mountain goats in 1983. We estimated population abundance of mountain goats during 18–25 July 2011, the sixth survey of the time series, to assess current population status and responses of the population to past management. We surveyed 39 sample units, comprising 39% of the 59,615-ha survey area. We estimated a population of 344 ± 72 (90% confidence interval [CI]) mountain goats in the survey area. Retrospective analysis of the 2004 survey, accounting for differences in survey area boundaries and methods of estimating aerial detection biases, indicated that the population increased at an average annual rate of 4.9% since the last survey. That is the first population growth observed since the cessation of population control measures in 1990. We postulate that differences in population trends observed in western, eastern, and southern sections of the survey zone reflected, in part, a variable influence of climate change across the precipitation gradient in the Olympic Mountains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","publisherLocation":"http://www.northwestscience.org/","doi":"10.3955/046.086.0403","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K.J., Happe, P.J., Beirne, K.F., Hoffman, R.A., Griffin, P., Baccus, W.T., and Fieberg, J., 2012, Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington: Northwest Science, v. 86, no. 4, p. 264-275, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0403.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474267,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0403","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263246,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0403"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7369,47.4695 ], [ -124.7369,48.2747 ], [ -123.1217,48.2747 ], [ -123.1217,47.4695 ], [ -124.7369,47.4695 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76082e4b0e93eb366ee4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Happe, Patricia J.","contributorId":50983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16133,"text":"National Park Service, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine F.","contributorId":76604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, Roger A.","contributorId":39253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C.","contributorId":7802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baccus, William T.","contributorId":16719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baccus","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fieberg, John","contributorId":44804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fieberg","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":7201,"text":"University of Minnesota-St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040765,"text":"ofr20121232 - 2012 - Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:40:40","indexId":"ofr20121232","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1232","title":"Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","docAbstract":"New geochronologic and thermochronologic data from rocks near Hatcher Pass, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska, record earliest Paleocene erosional and structural exhumation on the flank of the active Cook Inlet forearc basin. Cretaceous plutons shed sediments to the south, forming the Paleocene Arkose Ridge Formation. A Paleocene(?)-Eocene detachment fault juxtaposed ~60 Ma metamorphic rocks with the base of the Arkose Ridge Formation. U-Pb (analyzed by Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro Probe Reverse Geometry (SHRIMP-RG)) zircon ages of the Cretaceous plutons, more diverse than previously documented, are 90.3&plusmn;0.3 (previously considered a Jurassic unit), 79.1&plusmn;1.0, 76.1&plusmn;0.9, 75.8&plusmn;0.7, 72.5&plusmn;0.4, 71.9&plusmn;0.3, 70.5&plusmn;0.2, and 67.3&plusmn;0.2 Ma. The cooling of these plutons occurred between 72 and 66 Ma (zircon fission track (FT) closure ~225&deg;C). <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar analyses of hornblende, white mica, and biotite fall into this range (Harlan and others, 2003). New apatite FT data collected on a west-to-east transect reveal sequential exhumation of fault blocks at 62.8&plusmn;2.9, 54&plusmn;2.5, 52.6&plusmn;2.8, and 44.4&plusmn;2.2 Ma. Plutonic clasts accumulated in the Paleocene Arkose Ridge Formation to the south. Detrital zircon (DZ) ages from the formation reflect this provenance: a new sample yielded one grain at 61 Ma, a dominant peak at 76 Ma, and minor peaks at 70, 80, 88, and 92 Ma. The oldest zircon is 181 Ma. Our apatite FT ages range from 35.1 to 50.9 Ma. Greenschist facies rocks now sit structurally between the plutonic rocks and the Arkose Ridge Formation. They are separated from plutonic rocks by the vertical Hatcher Pass fault and from the sedimentary rocks by a detachment fault. Ar cooling ages (Harlan and others, 2003) and new zircon FT ages for these rocks are concordant at 61-57 Ma, synchronous with deposition of the Arkose Ridge Formation. A cooling age of ~46 Ma came from one apatite FT sample. The metamorphic protolith (previously considered Jurassic) was deposited at or after 75 Ma based on new DZ data. The probability curve has a major peak from 76 to 102 Ma, minor peaks at 186, 197, 213, 303, 346, and 1,828, and two discordant grains at ~2,700 Ma. This is similar to DZ populations in the Valdez Group. The short period of time between deposition, metamorphism, and exhumation are consistent with metamorphism in a subduction-zone setting. Ductile and brittle structures in the metamorphic rocks are consistent with exhumation in a transtensional setting.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121232","usgsCitation":"Bleick, H.A., Till, A.B., Bradley, D., O’Sullivan, P., Wooden, J.L., Bradley, D.B., Taylor, T.A., Friedman, S.B., and Hults, C.P., 2012, Early Tertiary exhumation of the flank of a forearc basin, southwest Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1232, 1 Sheet: 72.2 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121232.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 72.2 x 37 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1232.gif"},{"id":263210,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1232/"},{"id":263211,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1232/of2012-1232.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.00,61.67 ], [ -149.00,61.93 ], [ -149.58,61.93 ], [ -149.58,61.67 ], [ -149.00,61.67 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a76075e4b0e93eb366ee43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Sullivan, Paul","contributorId":107576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, Joe L.","contributorId":22210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradley, Dan B.","contributorId":44429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Theresa A.","contributorId":51440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Friedman, Sam B.","contributorId":90987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70048542,"text":"70048542 - 2012 - Using hydrogeologic data to evaluate geothermal potential in the eastern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T13:33:11","indexId":"70048542","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-15T15:27:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using hydrogeologic data to evaluate geothermal potential in the eastern Great Basin","docAbstract":"In support of a larger study to evaluate geothermal resource development of high-permeability stratigraphic units in sedimentary basins, this paper integrates groundwater and thermal data to evaluate heat and fluid flow within the eastern Great Basin. Previously published information from a hydrogeologic framework, a potentiometric-surface map, and groundwater budgets was compared to a surficial heat-flow map. Comparisons between regional groundwater flow patterns and surficial heat flow indicate a strong spatial relation between regional groundwater movement and surficial heat distribution. Combining aquifer geometry and heat-flow maps, a selected group of subareas within the eastern Great Basin are identified that have high surficial heat flow and are underlain by a sequence of thick basin-fill deposits and permeable carbonate aquifers. These regions may have potential for future geothermal resources development.","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council 2012 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"September 30 - October 3, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412979","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., Heilweil, V.M., and Brooks, L.E., 2012, Using hydrogeologic data to evaluate geothermal potential in the eastern Great Basin: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 36, p. 47-52.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-038338","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279119,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1030209"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.43,34.49 ], [ -118.43,43.0 ], [ -109.82,43.0 ], [ -109.82,34.49 ], [ -118.43,34.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5287509ee4b03b89f6f155e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040724,"text":"fs20123122 - 2012 - Mercury and halogens in coal--Their role in determining mercury emissions from coal combustion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T09:41:47","indexId":"fs20123122","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3122","title":"Mercury and halogens in coal--Their role in determining mercury emissions from coal combustion","docAbstract":"Mercury is a toxic pollutant. In its elemental form, gaseous mercury has a long residence time in the atmosphere, up to a year, allowing it to be transported long distances from emission sources. Mercury can be emitted from natural sources such as volcanoes, or from anthropogenic sources, such as coal-fired powerplants. In addition, all sources of mercury on the Earth's surface can re-emit it from land and sea back to the atmosphere, from which it is then redeposited. Mercury in the atmosphere is present in such low concentrations that it is not considered harmful. Once mercury enters the aquatic environment, however, it can undergo a series of biochemical transformations that convert a portion of the mercury originally present to methylmercury, a highly toxic organic form of mercury that accumulates in fish and birds. Many factors contribute to creation of methylmercury in aquatic ecosystems, including mercury availability, sediment and nutrient load, bacterial influence, and chemical conditions. In the United States, consumption of fish with high levels of methylmercury is the most common pathway for human exposure to mercury, leading the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue fish consumption advisories in every State. The EPA estimates that 50 percent of the mercury entering the atmosphere in the United States is emitted from coal-burning utility powerplants. An EPA rule, known as MATS (for Mercury and Air Toxics Standards), to reduce emissions of mercury and other toxic pollutants from powerplants, was signed in December 2011. The rule, which is currently under review, specifies limits for mercury and other toxic elements, such as arsenic, chromium, and nickel. MATS also places limits on emission of harmful acid gases, such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. These standards are the result of a 2010 detailed nationwide program by the EPA to sample stack emissions and thousands of shipments of coal to coal-burning powerplants. The United States is the only nation to have collected such detailed information for mercury in both its coal and its utility emissions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123122","collaboration":"Other Contributors: Utah Geological Survey and ADA Environmental Solutions, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Quick, J., Senior, C.L., and Belkin, H.E., 2012, Mercury and halogens in coal--Their role in determining mercury emissions from coal combustion: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3122, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123122.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3122.gif"},{"id":263125,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3122/"},{"id":263126,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3122/pdf/FS2012-3122_Web.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd77e4b0fd76c78323bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, Allan 0000-0002-5768-4533 akolker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"Allan","email":"akolker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":31268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"Jeffrey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senior, Connie L.","contributorId":17103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529 hbelkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"hbelkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040705,"text":"sim3227 - 2012 - Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-14T11:19:53","indexId":"sim3227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3227","title":"Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona","docAbstract":"The Tuba City 30’ x 60’ quadrangle encompasses approximately 5,018 km² (1,920 mi²) within Coconino County, northern Arizona. It is characterized by nearly flat lying to gently dipping sequences of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata that overly tilted Precambrian strata or metasedimentary and igneous rocks that are exposed at the bottom of Grand Canyon. The Paleozoic rock sequences from Cambrian to Permian age are exposed in the walls of Grand Canyon, Marble Canyon, and Little Colorado River Gorge. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are exposed in the eastern half of the quadrangle where resistant sandstone units form cliffs, escarpments, mesas, and local plateaus. A few Miocene volcanic dikes intrude Mesozoic rocks southwest, northwest, and northeast of Tuba City, and Pleistocene volcanic rocks representing the northernmost extent of the San Francisco Volcanic Field are present at the south-central edge of the quadrangle. Quaternary deposits mantle much of the Mesozoic rocks in the eastern half of the quadrangle and are sparsely scattered in the western half.\n\nPrincipal folds are the north-south-trending, east-dipping Echo Cliffs Monocline and the East Kaibab Monocline. The East Kaibab Monocline elevates the Kaibab, Walhalla, and Coconino Plateaus and parts of Grand Canyon. Grand Canyon erosion has exposed the Butte Fault beneath the east Kaibab Monocline, providing a window into the structural complexity of monoclines in this part of the Colorado Plateau. Rocks of Permian and Triassic age form the surface bedrock of Marble Plateau and House Rock Valley between the East Kaibab and Echo Cliffs Monoclines.\n\nThe Echo Cliffs Monocline forms a structural boundary between the Marble Plateau to the west and the Kaibito and Moenkopi Plateaus to the east. Jurassic rocks of the Kaibito and Moenkopi Plateaus are largely mantled by extensive eolian sand deposits. A small part of the northeast-dipping Red Lake Monocline is present in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.\n\nA broad and gentle elongated anticline, the Limestone Ridge Anticline, forms the crest of Marble Plateau. Here, Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata generally dip less than 1° to 2° in all directions from a central high area along Limestone Ridge north of Bodaway Mesa and east of Cedar Ridge and The Gap. The Limestone Ridge Anticline plunges gently southeast toward the Painted Desert at the south edge of the quadrangle and northward toward Lees Ferry, Arizona, at the north-central edge of the quadrangle. The Tuba City Syncline is a very broad northwest-southeast-oriented-synclinal downwarp that parallels the Echo Cliffs Monocline north of Tuba City. The Preston Mesa Anticline is a small fold present on Kaibito Plateau north of Tuba City.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the Navajo Nation, and the Hopi Tribe","usgsCitation":"Billingsley, G.H., Stoffer, P.W., and Priest, S.S., 2012, Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle, Coconino County, northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3227, Pamphlet: ii, 31 p.; 3 Sheets: 42 x 55 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3227.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 31 p.; 3 Sheets: 42 x 55 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata; GIS Database; Shapefiles","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":669,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Field Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3227.gif"},{"id":263114,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227"},{"id":263113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":263115,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":263116,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":263117,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":263118,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_metadata.txt"},{"id":263119,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/tuba_db.zip"},{"id":263146,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/sim3227_readme.txt"},{"id":263147,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3227/tuba_shape.zip"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"NAD 1927","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","city":"Tuba City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.295609,36.092014 ], [ -111.295609,36.154383 ], [ -111.211703,36.154383 ], [ -111.211703,36.092014 ], [ -111.295609,36.092014 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a3b9d0e4b0855e233c0712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billingsley, George H.","contributorId":20711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoffer, Philip W.","contributorId":32559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040694,"text":"sim3228 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-09T11:57:32","indexId":"sim3228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3228","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 1.7-mile reach of the Leaf River were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District. The Leaf River study reach extends from just upstream of the U.S. Highway 11 crossing to just downstream of East Hardy/South Main Street and separates the cities of Hattiesburg and Petal, Mississippi. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water-surface elevations (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi (02473000). Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained through the National Water Information System Web site at <a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ms/nwis/uv/?site_no=02473000&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ms/nwis/uv/?site_no=02473000&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060</a>. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system (<a href=\"http://water.weather.gov/ahps/\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.weather.gov/ahps/</a>). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages. The forecasted peak-stage information, available on the AHPS Web site, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. In this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi, streamgage and documented high-water marks from recent and historical floods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine 13 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1.0-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water-surface elevation at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model [derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.6-foot vertical accuracy and 9.84-foot horizontal resolution] in order to delineate the area flooded at each 1-foot increment of stream stage. The availability of these maps, when combined with real-time stage information from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stage from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with critical information during flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Hattiesburg, City of Petal, Forrest County, Mississippi Emergency Management Agency, Mississippi Department of Homeland Security, and the Emergency Management District","usgsCitation":"Storm, J.B., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Leaf River at Hattiesburg, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3228, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3228.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; 13 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3228.jpg"},{"id":263052,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/download/"},{"id":263053,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":263054,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":263055,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":263056,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":263057,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet6.pdf"},{"id":263050,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/"},{"id":263051,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/pdf/sim_3228.pdf"},{"id":263058,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet5.pdf"},{"id":263059,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet7.pdf"},{"id":263060,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet8.pdf"},{"id":263061,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet9.pdf"},{"id":263062,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet10.pdf"},{"id":263063,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet11.pdf"},{"id":263064,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet12.pdf"},{"id":263065,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3228/sheets/sim_3228_sheet13.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983 and North American Vergical Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Forrest County","otherGeospatial":"Leaf River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.32,31.3 ], [ -89.32,31.37 ], [ -89.25,31.37 ], [ -89.25,31.3 ], [ -89.32,31.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509e2601e4b0cbd9af3af70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storm, John B. 0000-0002-5657-536X jbstorm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-536X","contributorId":3684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storm","given":"John","email":"jbstorm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040678,"text":"ofr20121229 - 2012 - Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Tsunami Runup and Inundation Data for Sites Around the Island of Hawai&#699;i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:56:13","indexId":"ofr20121229","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1229","title":"Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Tsunami Runup and Inundation Data for Sites Around the Island of Hawai&#699;i","docAbstract":"At 0546 U.t.c. March 11, 2011, a M<sub>w</sub> 9.0 (\"great\") earthquake occurred near the northeast coast of Honshu Island, Japan, generating a large tsunami that devastated the east coast of Japan and impacted many far-flung coastal sites around the Pacific Basin. After the earthquake, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami alert for the State of Hawaii, followed by a tsunami-warning notice from the local State Civil Defense on March 10, 2011 (Japan is 19 hours ahead of Hawaii). After the waves passed the islands, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) measured inundation (maximum inland distance of flooding), runup (elevation at maximum extent of inundation) and took photographs in coastal areas around the Island of Hawai&#699;i. Although the damage in West Hawai&#699;i is well documented, HVO's mapping revealed that East Hawai&#699;i coastlines were also impacted by the tsunami. The intent of this report is to provide runup and inundation data for sites around the Island of Hawai&#699;i.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121229","usgsCitation":"Trusdell, F., Chadderton, A., Hinchliffe, G., Hara, A., Patenge, B., and Weber, T., 2012, Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Tsunami Runup and Inundation Data for Sites Around the Island of Hawai&#699;i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1229, Report: iv, 36 p.; Table 1 spreadsheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121229.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 36 p.; Table 1 spreadsheet","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1229.gif"},{"id":263024,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1229/"},{"id":263025,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1229/of2012-1229_table1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.062000,18.910800 ], [ -156.062000,20.268600 ], [ -154.806500,20.268600 ], [ -154.806500,18.910800 ], [ -156.062000,18.910800 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf2fbe4b0e374086f46b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chadderton, Amy","contributorId":51161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadderton","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinchliffe, Graham","contributorId":94928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinchliffe","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hara, Andrew","contributorId":106384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hara","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patenge, Brent","contributorId":73074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patenge","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, Tom","contributorId":76605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040674,"text":"ofr20121228 - 2012 - Digital geologic map of the Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47317,"text":"ofr87257 - 1987 - Geologic map of the Redding 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California","indexId":"ofr87257","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Redding 1 x 2 degree quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040674,"text":"ofr20121228 - 2012 - Digital geologic map of the Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California","indexId":"ofr20121228","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Digital geologic map of the Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T20:50:57.861912","indexId":"ofr20121228","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1228","title":"Digital geologic map of the Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle in northwestern California transects the Franciscan Complex and southern Klamath Mountains province as well as parts of the Great Valley Complex, northern Great Valley, and southernmost Cascades volcanic province. The tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Klamath province represent slices of oceanic crust, island arcs, and overlying sediment that range largely from Paleozoic to Jurassic in age. The Eastern Klamath terrane forms the nucleus to which the other terranes were added westward, primarily during Jurassic time, and that package was probably accreted to North America during earliest Cretaceous time. The younger Franciscan Complex consists of a sequence of westward younging tectonostratigraphic terranes of late Jurassic to Miocene age that were accreted to North America from mid-Cretaceous through Miocene time, with the easternmost being the most strongly metamorphosed. The marine Great Valley sequence, of late Jurassic and Cretaceous age, was deposited unconformably across the southernmost Klamath rocks, but in turn was underthrust at its western margin by Eastern belt Franciscan rocks. Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic rocks and sediment of the Cascades province extend into the southeastern part of the quadrangle, abutting the northernmost part of the great central valley of California. This map and database represent a digital rendition of Open-File Report 87-257, 1987, by L.A. Fraticelli, J.P. Albers, W.P. Irwin, and M.C. Blake, Jr., with various improvements and additions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121228","usgsCitation":"Fraticelli, L.A., Albers, J., Irwin, W., Blake, M.C., and Wentworth, C.M., 2012, Digital geologic map of the Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle, Shasta, Tehama, Humboldt, and Trinity Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1228, Pamphlet: ii, 19 p.; Plate: 39.9 x 38.8 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121228.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 19 p.; Plate: 39.9 x 38.8 inches; Readme; Metadata; GIS Data Files","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1228.gif"},{"id":398872,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97674.htm"},{"id":263018,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of12-1228-base.zip"},{"id":263017,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of12-1228-mapscan.zip"},{"id":263041,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_map.pdf"},{"id":263014,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_readme.txt"},{"id":263016,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of12-1228-arcpkg.zip"},{"id":263040,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":263023,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/"},{"id":263015,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1228/of2012-1228_metadata.txt"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County, Shasta County, Tehama County, Trinity County","otherGeospatial":"Redding 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"509cf25ae4b0e374086f4665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraticelli, Luis A.","contributorId":25917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraticelli","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albers, John P.","contributorId":55291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"John P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blake, Milton C.","contributorId":115862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Milton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":514769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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