The Puerto Rico Electrical Power Authority has proposed construction of a pipeline to convey natural gas from the municipio of Peñuelas to the Aguirre thermoelectric power plant in the municipio of Salinas in southern Puerto Rico. To ensure that the geologic conditions along the possible routes do not represent a threat to the physical integrity of the natural gas pipeline, and thus comply with State and Federal regulations, the Puerto Rico Electrical Power Authority requested the U.S. Geological Survey to provide a synthesis of published literature of the geology of the coastal plain in the Peñuelas to Salinas area.
The study area is located in part of the Southern Coastal Plain of Puerto Rico. In the area that extends from the municipio of Peñuelas eastward to the Laguna de las Salinas at Ponce, a distance of about 5 miles, the study area is underlain by middle Tertiary carbonate units. Eastward from the Laguna de las Salinas to the pipeline terminus at the Aguirre power plant in Salinas, a distance of about 30 miles, the terrain is underlain by fan-delta deposits of Quaternary age. The carbonate units and the fan-delta deposits are underlain by early Tertiary and older-age volcaniclastics with subordinate sedimentary rocks and lavas. The Great Southern Puerto Rico Fault Zone is the principal geologic structural feature in southern Puerto Rico. At present, the Great Southern Puerto Rico Fault Zone is considered largely quiescent, although it apparently is associated with minor earthquakes. There is no evidence of terrestrial, late Quaternary faulting within the Peñuelas to Salinas area. Seismic activity in this area mostly originates from extension zones of more distal shallow sources such as Mona Canyon to the northwest and the Anegada Trough northeast of the island of Puerto Rico. The magnitude of completeness of earthquakes in the study area ranges from 2.0 to 2.5. The seismic density for the southern coast including the study area is about 0.128 earthquakes per square mile, which is close to the average for southwestern Puerto Rico.
The estimated maximum peak ground acceleration most likely to occur in the study area, due to shallow depth seismicity with 2 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years, is 9 feet per second squared, as obtained by modeling results. The estimated peak ground acceleration with 2 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years, due to deep seismicity is 7 feet per second squared. In Ponce, the probability of exceedance per year is higher than 0.1 for the peak ground acceleration values less than 1 that result from shallow depth seismicity sources such as the Mona Passage extension zone.
The potential for liquefaction due to seismic activity may exist in areas near the coastline that have loosely to poorly consolidated sedimentary deposits and a water table close to or at the land surface. Slope failure susceptibility within the study area, due to rainfall and seismic activity, may be limited to the area that extends westward from Laguna de las Salinas to Peñuelas. In this area, foothills with slopes exceeding 10 degrees are close to the coastline and are underlain by clayey limestone and marls. In the remaining part of the study area, eastward from Laguna de las Salinas to Salinas, the land is either nearly flat or has a slope of less than 10 degrees; consequently, the susceptibility to landsliding (slope failure) caused by seismic activity and rainfall is considered to be minimal or nonexistent.
Based on modeling results from a previous study, the estimated maximum inland extent of tsunami-induced flooding is 2,600 feet in the Laguna de las Salinas and Boca Chica, located in Ponce and Juana Díaz, respectively. Flooding about 3,000 and 2,800 feet from the coastline are estimated for areas near Punta Cabullón and Jobos areas, respectively. According to the modeling results, the estimated maximum runup of the tsunami-induced flooding ranges from 9 to 14 feet for the Boca Chica and Punta Cabullón areas, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority","usgsCitation":"Rodríguez-Martínez, J., 2007, Stratigraphy, structure, and geologic and coastal hazards in the Penuelas to Salinas area, southern Puerto Rico: A compendium of published literature: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1259, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071259.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402173,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81853.htm"},{"id":10311,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.8208,\n 17.9417\n ],\n [\n -66.2072,\n 17.9417\n ],\n [\n -66.2072,\n 18.125\n ],\n [\n -66.8208,\n 18.125\n ],\n [\n -66.8208,\n 17.9417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodríguez-Martínez, Jesús","contributorId":48149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodríguez-Martínez","given":"Jesús","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80499,"text":"ofr20071299 - 2007 - Size of the California Brown Pelican Metapopulation During a Non-El Nino Year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:10","indexId":"ofr20071299","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1299","title":"Size of the California Brown Pelican Metapopulation During a Non-El Nino Year","docAbstract":"Overall, we estimated a total metapopulation within the geographical range of the California brown pelican subspecies (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) as about 70,680 ? 2,640 breeding pairs (mean ? SD). Little change in at least three decades is indicated in the total metapopulation south of the Southern California Bight (SCB) subpopulation, but significant improvements in the breeding subpopulation size in the SCB reported elsewhere, support the present high numbers observed in this northernmost subpopulation. The largest breeding aggregation within the entire range (consisting of three immediately adjacent sub-colonies), at the San Lorenzo Archipelago, consisted of about 17,225 breeding pairs, or about 24.4% of the metapopulation in 2006. Other, smaller colonies are no less important, however, although each subpopulation defined by us seemed to have a single or small number of large 'core' breeding colonies, plus many smaller colonies (for example, in 2006, one colony consisted of only 2 breeding pairs). Small colonies (< about 70 nests) comprised about 35.6% of the total occupied colonies, but only about 0.87% of the total estimated numbers (values corrected for detectability). The modal colony-size throughout the range was much smaller (about 230 to 1,300 breeding pairs, depending on subpopulation), indicating that small, scattered colonies and sub-colonies, especially on the range peripheries, function in brown pelican population dynamics and are no less important from a conservation viewpoint. These smaller breeding colonies probably represent some colonies of antiquity, but also range expansions and contractions that occur within the typically-defined metapopulation, and local manifestations of source-sink phenomena. Given such dynamics, even unoccupied islands within the range in 2006 have conservation importance from the viewpoint of such dynamics as potential alternate nesting sites. Natural variations in the estimated population levels seem to be related to the natural cycles of El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena where very low breeding populations (as low as no nesting in many areas) might be expected to occur in these same areas censused in 2006 at least 40% of the time. From the 2006 aerial survey, extensive commercial and sport-fishing activity, resort/tourist developments and associated human activities along the coastal areas and at offshore islands, and extensive aquacultural (and to a lesser degree, agricultural) developments seen from the Rio Colorado Delta region, Sonora, south at least through San Blas, Nayarit (the southern terminus of our 2006 aerial survey) may result in substantial loss of breeding habitat. Juvenile (young of the 2005 breeding season) plus subadult brown pelicans comprised 28.1% ? 0.33% (mean ? 95% CI) of the total numbers in age-ratio samples. Thus, our overall metapopulation estimate for P. o. californicus in 2006 was 195,900 ? 7,225 individuals.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071299","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.W., Henny, C.J., Godinez-Reyes, C., Gress, F., Palacios, E.L., Santos del Prado, K., and Bredy, J., 2007, Size of the California Brown Pelican Metapopulation During a Non-El Nino Year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1299, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071299.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10323,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1299/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbfe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Daniel W.","contributorId":74345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":292773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godinez-Reyes, Carlos","contributorId":33408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godinez-Reyes","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gress, Franklin","contributorId":35407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gress","given":"Franklin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palacios, Eduardo L.","contributorId":75644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacios","given":"Eduardo","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Santos del Prado, Karina","contributorId":24452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos del Prado","given":"Karina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bredy, James","contributorId":84461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredy","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":80496,"text":"ofr20051092 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3764 and 3664, Jalajin (117), Kham-Ab (118), Char Shangho (123), and Sheberghan (124) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20051092","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1092","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3764 and 3664, Jalajin (117), Kham-Ab (118), Char Shangho (123), and Sheberghan (124) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3764 and 3664, Jalajin (117), Kham-Ab (118), Char Shangho (123), and Sheberghan (124) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1092, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051092.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10320,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 64,36 ], [ 64,37.75 ], [ 66,37.75 ], [ 66,36 ], [ 64,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc45a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80494,"text":"ofr20071309 - 2007 - Development of a Land Use Database for the Little Blackwater Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:13","indexId":"ofr20071309","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1309","title":"Development of a Land Use Database for the Little Blackwater Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland","docAbstract":"Many agricultural and forested areas in proximity to National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) are under increasing economic pressure to develop lands for commercial or residential development. The upper portion of the Little Blackwater River watershed - a 27 square mile area within largely low-lying Dorchester County, Maryland, on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay - is important to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) because it flows toward the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR), and developmental impacts of areas upstream from the BNWR are unknown.\r\n\r\nOne of the primary concerns for the refuge is how storm-water runoff may affect living resources downstream. The Egypt Road project (fig. 1), for which approximately 600 residential units have been approved, has the potential to markedly change the land use and land cover on the west bank of the Little Blackwater River. In an effort to limit anticipated impacts, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (Maryland DNR) recently decided to purchase some of the lands previously slated for development. Local topography, a high water table (typically 1 foot or less below the land surface), and hydric soils present a challenge for the best management of storm-water flow from developed surfaces.\r\n\r\nA spatial data coordination group was formed by the Dorchester County Soil and Conservation District to collect data to aid decisionmakers in watershed management and on the possible impacts of development on this watershed. Determination of streamflow combined with land cover and impervious-surface baselines will allow linking of hydrologic and geologic factors that influence the land surface. This baseline information will help planners, refuge managers, and developers discuss issues and formulate best management practices to mitigate development impacts on the refuge.\r\n\r\nIn consultation with the Eastern Region Geospatial Information Office, the dataset selected to be that baseline land cover source was the June-July 2005 National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) 1-meter resolution orthoimagery of Maryland. This publicly available, statewide dataset provided imagery corresponding to the closest in time to the installation of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Discipline gaging station on the Little Blackwater River. It also captures land cover status just before major residential development occurs. This document describes the process used to create a land use database for the Little Blackwater watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071309","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L., Jones, J., and Barlow, R.A., 2007, Development of a Land Use Database for the Little Blackwater Watershed, Dorchester County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1309, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071309.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1309/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667116","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milheim, Lesley E.","contributorId":100951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"Lesley E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, John W. 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Roger A. rbarlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":2824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Roger","email":"rbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80497,"text":"ofr20051093 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3666 and 3766, Balkh (219), Mazar-I-Sharif (220), Qarqin (213), and Hazara Toghai (214) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20051093","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1093","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3666 and 3766, Balkh (219), Mazar-I-Sharif (220), Qarqin (213), and Hazara Toghai (214) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3666 and 3766, Balkh (219), Mazar-I-Sharif (220), Qarqin (213), and Hazara Toghai (214) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1093, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051093.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10321,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66,36 ], [ 66,37.5 ], [ 68,37.5 ], [ 68,36 ], [ 66,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b2de4b07f02db6b3efe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80489,"text":"ofr20071275 - 2007 - Simulations of potential runout and deposition of the Ferguson rockslide, Merced River Canyon, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T17:00:37","indexId":"ofr20071275","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1275","title":"Simulations of potential runout and deposition of the Ferguson rockslide, Merced River Canyon, California","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nAn active rockslide in Merced River Canyon was first noticed on April 29, 2006 when a few rocks rolled onto Highway 140 between mileposts 103 and 104, compromising traffic on this highway and signaling the onset of renewed activity of the Ferguson rockslide. State highway 140 is one of the main entrances to Yosemite National Park and is the primary road for large commercial trucks access into the park from the west. Continued rockslide activity during 2006 built a large talus cone that covered the highway and encroached into the Merced River below it. Observations by the US Forest Service (USFS), the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) confirm that the rockslide remained active through 2006 and represents a potential threat to traffic along the rerouted highway as well as to recreational users of the Merced River in the runout path below the rockslide. Delineation of the hazards posed by the Ferguson rockslide is a necessary prerequisite to mitigating them.\r\n\r\nField observations of the rockslide, shown in the photo of Figure 1, have constrained the geometry and structure of the slide mass (Beck, 2006; Gallegos and DeGraff, 2006). Based on initial estimates by geologists from USFS, CALTRANS and the USGS, the rockslide, active in 2006 and 2007, has an area of approximately 40,000 square meters and a volume of approximately 800,000 cubic meters. Structural mapping suggests that the motion of the slide is translational along a planar bed, and that differential motion of the slide from the toe to the headwall has resulted in formation of large tension cracks that transect the slide across the slope (Beck, 2006). These indications of persistent movement were confirmed during 2006 and 2007 by GPS measurements made by the USGS at three points on the rockslide (Rick LaHusen, USGS, written communication). The larger of these cracks divide the slide into regions that moved at different rates in 2006, with the toe of the rockslide moving five to ten times faster than the middle portion or headwall part of the slide. Downslope of the main rockslide mass, a talus slope consist in of angular blocks ranging in size from 0.1 to greater than 10 meters (Gallegos and DeGraff, 2006), buries Highway 140. Both the main rockslide and the talus consist of angular blocks ranging in size from 0.1 to more than 10 meters and are composed of highly fractured phyllite, slate, and chert from the Phyllite and Chert of Hite Cove (Bateman and Krauskopf, 1987).\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to assess the hazard posed by the Ferguson rockslide by simulating the runout and deposition of a portion of the slide if rapid failure occurs. As discussed by Gallegos and DeGraf (2006), a runout analysis is needed to delineate slide hazards. The report is restricted to calculations of potential runout and does not address the likelihood of rapid failure. Based on discussions with Allan Gallegos (USFS), two end-member initial slide volumes were chosen: (1) the toe of the slide along boundaries defined by Tim Beck (CALTRANS) in (Beck, 2006), and (2) the entire sliding rock mass, again along boundaries defined by Tim Beck. The simulated runout of these volumes during rapid failure uses granular flow mechanics developed by Iverson (1997) and the model developed by Denliner and Iverson, (2004). This model has been thoroughly tested against experimental data and provides plausible, defensible results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071275","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., 2007, Simulations of potential runout and deposition of the Ferguson rockslide, Merced River Canyon, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1275, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071275.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10312,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1275/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.9,37.6 ], [ -119.9,37.7 ], [ -119.8,37.7 ], [ -119.8,37.6 ], [ -119.9,37.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1a90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80501,"text":"ofr20051095 - 2007 - Maps of Quadrangles 3870 and 3770, Maymayk (211), Jamarj-I-Bala (212), Faydz-Abad (217), and Parkhaw (218) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20051095","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1095","title":"Maps of Quadrangles 3870 and 3770, Maymayk (211), Jamarj-I-Bala (212), Faydz-Abad (217), and Parkhaw (218) Quadrangles, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"By selecting one of the four series options shown below, namely, -A, -B, -C, and -D for the geologic, topographic, Landsat natural-color, and Landsat false-color maps, respectively, the user will be taken to that map.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey and the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007, Maps of Quadrangles 3870 and 3770, Maymayk (211), Jamarj-I-Bala (212), Faydz-Abad (217), and Parkhaw (218) Quadrangles, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1095, 4 Maps: Varied Sizes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051095.","productDescription":"4 Maps: Varied Sizes","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10325,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 70,37 ], [ 70,38.5 ], [ 72,38.5 ], [ 72,37 ], [ 70,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80492,"text":"ofr20071305 - 2007 - Bathymetry, substrate and circulation in Westcott Bay, San Juan Islands, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T09:53:11","indexId":"ofr20071305","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1305","title":"Bathymetry, substrate and circulation in Westcott Bay, San Juan Islands, Washington","docAbstract":"Nearshore bathymetry, substrate type, and circulation patterns in Westcott Bay, San Juan Islands, Washington, were mapped using two acoustic sonar systems, video and direct sampling of seafloor sediments. The goal of the project was to characterize nearshore habitat and conditions influencing eelgrass (Z. marina) where extensive loss has occurred since 1995. A principal hypothesis for the loss of eelgrass is a recent decrease in light availability for eelgrass growth due to increase in turbidity associated with either an increase in fine sedimentation or biological productivity within the bay. To explore sources for this fine sediment and turbidity, a dual-frequency Biosonics sonar operating at 200 and 430 kHz was used to map seafloor depth, morphology and vegetation along 69 linear kilometers of the bay. The higher frequency 430 kHz system also provided information on particulate concentrations in the water column. A boat-mounted 600 kHz RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was used to map current velocity and direction and water column backscatter intensity along another 29 km, with select measurements made to characterize variations in circulation with tides. An underwater video camera was deployed to ground-truth acoustic data. Seventy one sediment samples were collected to quantify sediment grain size distributions across Westcott Bay. Sediment samples were analyzed for grain size at the Western Coastal and Marine Geology Team sediment laboratory in Menlo Park, Calif. These data reveal that the seafloor near the entrance to Westcott Bay is rocky with a complex morphology and covered with dense and diverse benthic vegetation. Current velocities were also measured to be highest at the entrance and along a deep channel extending 1 km into the bay. The substrate is increasingly comprised of finer sediments with distance into Westcott Bay where current velocities are lower. This report describes the data collected and preliminary findings of USGS Cruise B-6-07-PS conducted between May 31, 2007 and June 5, 2007.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071305","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E., Stevens, A.W., Curran, C., Smith, C.D., and Schwartz, A., 2007, Bathymetry, substrate and circulation in Westcott Bay, San Juan Islands, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1305, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071305.","productDescription":"42 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071305.PNG"},{"id":10316,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1305/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293070,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1305/of2007-1305.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Islands;Westcott Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.175,48.5875 ], [ -123.175,48.604167 ], [ -123.1375,48.604167 ], [ -123.1375,48.5875 ], [ -123.175,48.5875 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e195","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, Eric E. 0000-0003-0269-6307 egrossman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-6307","contributorId":2334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","email":"egrossman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W. astevens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew","email":"astevens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curran, Chris","contributorId":61520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":3111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Andrew","contributorId":14906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80498,"text":"ofr20071298 - 2007 - Population size and trends for nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: Region-wide surveys, 1977, 1992/1993 and 2006","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":80498,"text":"ofr20071298 - 2007 - Population size and trends for nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: Region-wide surveys, 1977, 1992/1993 and 2006","indexId":"ofr20071298","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"Population size and trends for nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: Region-wide surveys, 1977, 1992/1993 and 2006"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047696,"text":"70047696 - 2008 - Region-wide trends of nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: a three-decade perspective","indexId":"70047696","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Region-wide trends of nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: a three-decade perspective"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047696,"text":"70047696 - 2008 - Region-wide trends of nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: a three-decade perspective","indexId":"70047696","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Region-wide trends of nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: a three-decade perspective"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T08:59:49","indexId":"ofr20071298","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1298","title":"Population size and trends for nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: Region-wide surveys, 1977, 1992/1993 and 2006","docAbstract":"
We used a double-sampling technique (air plus ground survey) in 2006, with partial double coverage, to estimate the present size of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting population in northwestern Mexico. With the exception of Natividad, Cedros, and San Benito Islands along the Pacific Coast of Baja California, all three excluded from our coverage in 2006 due to fog, this survey was a repeat of previous surveys conducted by us with the same protocol in 1977 and 1992/1993 (Baja California surveyed in 1992, Sonora and Sinaloa 1993), allowing for estimates of regional population trends. Population estimates at the 'time of aerial survey' include those nesting, but missed from the air. The population estimate for our coverage area in 2006 was 1,343 nesting pairs, or an 81% increase since 1977, but only a 3% increase since 1992/1993. The population on the Gulf side of Baja California generally remained stable during the three surveys (255, 236 and 252 pairs, respectively). The overall Midriff Islands population remained similar from 1992/1993 (308 pairs) to 2006 (289 pairs), but with notable population changes on the largest two islands (Isla Angel de la Guarda: 45 to 105 pairs [+ 60 pairs]; Isla Tiburon: 164 to 109 pairs [- 55 pairs, or -34%]). The estimated osprey population on the Sonora mainland decreased in a manner similar to adjacent Isla Tiburon, i.e., by 26%, from 214 pairs in 1993 to 158 pairs in 2006. In contrast, the population in Sinaloa, which had increased by 150% between 1977 and 1993, grew again by 58% between 1993 and 2006, from 180 to 285 pairs. Our survey confirmed previously described patterns of rapid population changes at a local level, coupled with apparent shifts in spatial distribution. The large ground nesting population that until recently nested on two islands in San Ignacio Lagoon was no longer present on the islands in 2006, but an equivalent number of pairs were found to the north and south of the lagoon, nesting in small towns and along adjoining power-lines, with no overall change in population size for that general area (198 pairs in 1992; 199 in 2006). Use of artificial nesting structures was 4.3% in 1977 and 6.2% in 1992/1993, but jumped to 26.4% in 2006. Use of power poles poses a risk of electrocution to ospreys as well as causes power outages and fires; modification of power poles to safely accommodate osprey nests has been successful in many countries.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071298","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Anderson, D.W., Vera, A.C., and Carton, J.E., 2007, Population size and trends for nesting ospreys in northwestern Mexico: Region-wide surveys, 1977, 1992/1993 and 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1298, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071298.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1298/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,23 ], [ -118,33 ], [ -106,33 ], [ -106,23 ], [ -118,23 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Daniel W.","contributorId":74345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":292767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vera, Aradit Castellanos","contributorId":98824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vera","given":"Aradit","email":"","middleInitial":"Castellanos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carton, Jean-Luc E.","contributorId":66361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carton","given":"Jean-Luc","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80483,"text":"ofr20071306 - 2007 - Gravity Data from Newark Valley, White Pine County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:38","indexId":"ofr20071306","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1306","title":"Gravity Data from Newark Valley, White Pine County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Newark Valley area, eastern Nevada is one of thirteen major ground-water basins investigated by the BARCAS (Basin and Range Carbonate Aquifer Study) Project. Gravity data are being used to help characterize the geophysical framework of the region. Although gravity coverage was extensive over parts of the BARCAS study area, data were sparse for a number of the valleys, including the northern part of Newark Valley. We addressed this lack of data by establishing seventy new gravity stations in and around Newark Valley. All available gravity data were then evaluated to determine their reliability, prior to calculating an isostatic residual gravity map to be used for subsequent analyses. A gravity inversion method was used to calculate depths to pre-Cenozoic basement rock and estimates of maximum alluvial/volcanic fill. The enhanced gravity coverage and the incorporation of lithologic information from several deep oil and gas wells yields a view of subsurface shape of the basin and will provide information useful for the development of hydrogeologic models for the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071306","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., and McKee, E.H., 2007, Gravity Data from Newark Valley, White Pine County, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1306, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071306.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10308,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1306/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,39.3 ], [ -116,40.2 ], [ -115.3,40.2 ], [ -115.3,39.3 ], [ -116,39.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80481,"text":"ofr20071111 - 2007 - A human-dimensions review of human-wildlife disturbance: A literature review of impacts, frameworks, and management solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:21:50","indexId":"ofr20071111","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1111","title":"A human-dimensions review of human-wildlife disturbance: A literature review of impacts, frameworks, and management solutions","docAbstract":"The following report was prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Refuge System in support of their Comprehensive Conservation Planning (CCP) efforts by the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance Branch (PASA), Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey. While this document provides a summary of contemporary recreation management literature and methodologies, relevant to the subject of managing wildlife disturbances on national wildlife refuges, this document should be viewed as a starting point for management administrators. This document identifies general issues relating to wildlife disturbance and visitor impacts including a description of disturbance, recreational impacts, related human dimensions applications, management frameworks, and a general summary of management solutions. The section on descriptions of wildlife disturbance and impacts draws heavily from the report entitled 'Managing the Impacts of Visitor Use on Waterbirds -- A Literature Review of Impacts and Mitigation' (DeLong, 2002; Delong and Adamcik, in press) and is referenced in the text. This document is more comprehensive in its review of wildlife response to disturbance. This document is intended to discuss the human-dimensions aspect of wildlife disturbance, summarizing human dimensions and recreation management literature as it applies to this topic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071111","usgsCitation":"Cline, R., Sexton, N., and Stewart, S., 2007, A human-dimensions review of human-wildlife disturbance: A literature review of impacts, frameworks, and management solutions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1111, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071111.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4959e4b0b290850ef153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, Robert","contributorId":73299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Natalie","contributorId":103320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Susan C.","contributorId":48257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80474,"text":"ofr20071280 - 2007 - Metallogeny of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in Idaho and Montana - Studies by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T21:14:44.777819","indexId":"ofr20071280","displayToPublicDate":"2007-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1280","title":"Metallogeny of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in Idaho and Montana - Studies by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004-2007","docAbstract":"Preface\r\n\r\nBy J.Michael O'Neill\r\n\r\nThe major emphasis of this project was to extend and refine the known Mesoproterozoic geologic and metallogenic framework of the region along and adjacent to the Idaho-Montana boundary north of the Snake River Plain. The Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in this part of east-central Idaho host important Cu-Co-Au stratabound mineral resources as well as younger, epigenetic hydrothermal, sulfide base-metal mineral deposits. Two tasks of this study were to more accurately understand and portray the character and origin of cobalt-copper-gold deposits that compose the Idaho cobalt belt and specifically to analyze ore mineralogy and metallogenesis within the Blackbird mining district in the central part of the belt. Inasmuch as the cobalt belt is confined to the Mesoproterozoic Lemhi Group strata of east-central Idaho, geologic investigations were also undertaken to determine the relationship between strata of the Lemhi Group and the more extensive, noncobalt-bearing, Belt-Purcell Supergroup strata to the north and northwest.\r\n\r\nAbrupt lateral differences in the character and thickness of stratigraphic units in the Mesoproterozoic Lemhi Basin may indicate differential sedimentation in contemporaneous fault-bounded subbasins. It is suggested that northeast-trending basement faults of the Great Falls tectonic zone controlled development of the subbasins. O'Neill and others (chapter A, this volume) document a second major basement fault in this area, the newly recognized northwest-striking Great Divide megashear, a zone 1-2 km wide of left-lateral strike-slip faults active during Mesoproterozoic sedimentation and bounding the Cu-Co belt on the northwest. The megashear is a crustal-scale tectonic feature that separates Lemhi Group strata from roughly coeval Belt-Purcell strata to the north and northwest in Montana and northern Idaho.\r\n\r\nThe results of numerous geologic investigations of the Cu- and Co-bearing Mesoproterozoic rocks of east-central Idaho are integrated and summarized by Bookstrom and others (chapter B, this volume). In particular, their field investigations and analysis of evidence and previous arguments for synsedimentary versus epigenetic mineral deposit types, both of which have been postulated by earlier workers, led them to conclude that both processes were likely instrumental in forming the ore deposits of the Blackbird district.\r\n\r\nFinally, this report supplies new data on isotopic ratios of sulfur, oxygen, carbon, and helium in minerals associated with cobalt-bearing ores of the cobalt belt. Slack (chapter C, this volume) identified several previously unrecognized rare-earth-element minerals in Blackbird ores: monazite (Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4, xenotime (YPO4), allanite (CaCe)2(Al,Fe)3Si3O12(OH), and gadolinite (Be2FeY2Si2O10). Light rare-earth elements reside mostly in monazite, whereas yttrium and heavy rare-earth minerals reside mostly in xenotime. Dated monazite, which in the Blackbird district is interstitial to cobaltite, is Cretaceous. This date brings into question the otherwise geologically convincing interpretation of Blackbird ores as being of Mesoproterozoic age and synsedimentary origin.\r\n\r\nThis volume consists of three summary articles:\r\n\r\nA. Great Divide megashear, Montana, Idaho, and Washington: An intraplate crustal-scale shear zone recurrently active since the Mesoproterozoic by J. Michael O'Neill, Edward T. Ruppel, and David A. Lopez\r\n\r\nB. Blackbird Fe-Cu-Co-Au-REE deposits by Arthur A. Bookstrom, Craig A. Johnson, Gary P. Landis, and Thomas P. Frost\r\n\r\nC. Geochemical and mineralogical studies of sulfide and iron oxide deposits in the Idaho cobalt belt by John F. Slack","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071280","usgsCitation":"2007, Metallogeny of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in Idaho and Montana - Studies by the Mineral Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004-2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1280, v, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071280.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10302,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81839.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.044156,43.020052],[-111.046689,42.001567],[-112.173352,41.996568],[-112.192976,42.001167],[-112.709375,42.000309],[-113.893261,41.988057],[-114.041723,41.99372],[-114.598267,41.994511],[-114.831077,42.002207],[-115.031783,41.996008],[-117.026222,42.000252],[-117.02678,43.829841],[-117.01077,43.862269],[-116.98294,43.86771],[-116.977332,43.905812],[-116.96247,43.928336],[-116.963666,43.952644],[-116.971835,43.962806],[-116.942944,43.987512],[-116.934485,44.021249],[-116.943361,44.035645],[-116.972504,44.048771],[-116.977351,44.085364],[-116.933704,44.100039],[-116.894309,44.158114],[-116.900103,44.176851],[-116.925392,44.191544],[-116.971675,44.197256],[-116.975905,44.242844],[-117.031862,44.248635],[-117.042283,44.242775],[-117.050057,44.22883],[-117.089503,44.258234],[-117.098531,44.275533],[-117.107673,44.280763],[-117.118018,44.278945],[-117.143394,44.258262],[-117.170342,44.25889],[-117.198147,44.273828],[-117.222647,44.297578],[-117.217843,44.30718],[-117.2055,44.311789],[-117.189842,44.335007],[-117.196149,44.346362],[-117.235117,44.373853],[-117.242675,44.396548],[-117.22698,44.405583],[-117.215072,44.427162],[-117.215573,44.453746],[-117.225076,44.482346],[-117.200237,44.492027],[-117.181583,44.52296],[-117.161033,44.525166],[-117.149242,44.536151],[-117.14293,44.557236],[-117.147934,44.562143],[-117.146032,44.568603],[-117.126009,44.581553],[-117.120522,44.614658],[-117.098221,44.640689],[-117.095868,44.664737],[-117.07912,44.692175],[-117.061799,44.706654],[-117.062273,44.727143],[-117.03827,44.748179],[-117.013802,44.756841],[-116.998903,44.756382],[-116.972902,44.772581],[-116.9368,44.782881],[-116.9308,44.790981],[-116.931099,44.804781],[-116.896249,44.84833],[-116.865338,44.870599],[-116.852427,44.887577],[-116.83199,44.933007],[-116.850737,44.958113],[-116.858313,44.978761],[-116.846103,44.999878],[-116.848037,45.021728],[-116.797329,45.060267],[-116.78371,45.076972],[-116.783537,45.093605],[-116.774847,45.105536],[-116.754643,45.113972],[-116.731216,45.139934],[-116.724205,45.171501],[-116.709536,45.203015],[-116.703607,45.239757],[-116.691388,45.263739],[-116.675587,45.274867],[-116.672733,45.283183],[-116.673793,45.321511],[-116.619057,45.39821],[-116.597447,45.41277],[-116.588195,45.44292],[-116.554829,45.46293],[-116.558803,45.480076],[-116.548676,45.510385],[-116.523638,45.54661],[-116.502756,45.566608],[-116.48297,45.577008],[-116.463635,45.602785],[-116.463504,45.615785],[-116.487894,45.649769],[-116.535396,45.691734],[-116.535698,45.734231],[-116.546643,45.750972],[-116.593004,45.778541],[-116.632032,45.784979],[-116.646342,45.779815],[-116.665344,45.781998],[-116.680139,45.79359],[-116.697192,45.820135],[-116.711822,45.826267],[-116.736268,45.826179],[-116.759787,45.816167],[-116.782676,45.825376],[-116.788329,45.831928],[-116.790151,45.849851],[-116.814142,45.877551],[-116.84355,45.892273],[-116.859795,45.907264],[-116.892935,45.974396],[-116.91868,45.999875],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.957372,46.075449],[-116.978938,46.080007],[-116.981962,46.084915],[-116.978823,46.095731],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.950276,46.123464],[-116.922648,46.160744],[-116.923958,46.17092],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.966742,46.256923],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-117.020663,46.314793],[-117.027744,46.338751],[-117.051735,46.343833],[-117.06263,46.352522],[-117.062785,46.365287],[-117.046915,46.379577],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.039813,46.425425],[-117.042657,47.760857],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.040128,44.999987],[-105.913382,45.000941],[-105.928184,44.993647],[-106.263586,44.993788],[-107.351441,45.001407],[-109.08301,44.99961],[-109.103445,45.005904],[-110.110103,45.003905],[-110.199503,44.996188],[-110.362698,45.000593],[-110.402927,44.99381],[-110.552433,44.992237],[-110.705272,44.992324],[-110.785008,45.002952],[-111.055199,45.001321],[-111.044156,43.020052]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Idaho\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628738","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749300,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80467,"text":"ofr20071265 - 2007 - Sediment Quality-Assurance Plan for the New Mexico Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:07","indexId":"ofr20071265","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1265","title":"Sediment Quality-Assurance Plan for the New Mexico Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"This report describes a sediment quality-assurance plan for the U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Water Science Center (WSC), to assure that standard procedures for collecting, storing, shipping, and processing are followed. The plan also serves as a guide for all WSC personnel involved in sediment activities.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071265","usgsCitation":"Stiles, J., and Roark, D., 2007, Sediment Quality-Assurance Plan for the New Mexico Water Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1265, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071265.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1265/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a5e4b07f02db49798d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stiles, J.","contributorId":45788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D. Michael","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80470,"text":"ofr20071260 - 2007 - A Program for Partitioning Shifted Truncated Lognormal Distributions into Size-Class Bins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20071260","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1260","title":"A Program for Partitioning Shifted Truncated Lognormal Distributions into Size-Class Bins","docAbstract":"In recent years, oil and gas accumulation-size frequency distributions have become a standard way to characterize undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources that have been postulated by geologic assessments. The preparation of such distributions requires the assessment geologists to explicitly choose parameters for the probability distribution for the sizes of undiscovered accumulations. The purpose of this report is to present a computational scheme for obtaining a binned size frequency distribution of undiscovered accumulations when the undiscovered accumulation size distribution is shifted truncated lognormal.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071260","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Charpentier, R., 2007, A Program for Partitioning Shifted Truncated Lognormal Distributions into Size-Class Bins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1260, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071260.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10297,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":1809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R. charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80466,"text":"ofr20071246 - 2007 - New vitrinite reflectance data for the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T16:03:30","indexId":"ofr20071246","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1246","title":"New vitrinite reflectance data for the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana","docAbstract":"The Bighorn Basin is a large Laramide (Late Cretaceous through Eocene) structural and sedimentary basin that encompasses about 10,400 mi2 in north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana (fig. 1). Important conventional oil and gas resources have been discovered and produced from reservoirs ranging in age from Cambrian through Tertiary (Fox and Dolton, 1989, 1996a, b; De Bruin, 1993). In addition, a potential unconventional basin-centered gas accumulation may be present in Cretaceous reservoirs (Johnson and Finn, 1998; Johnson and others, 1999). The purpose of this report is to present new vitrinite reflectance data to be used in support of the U.S Geological Survey’s assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Bighorn Basin. These new data supplement previously published data by Nuccio and Finn (1998), and Yin (1997), and lead to a better understanding and characterization of the thermal maturation and burial history of potential source rocks.
Eighty-nine samples of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata (fig. 2) were collected and analyzed—15 samples were from outcrops around the margins of the basin and 74 samples were well cuttings (fig. 1). Forty-one of the samples were shale, two were carbonaceous shale, and the remainder from coal.
All samples were analyzed by vitrinite reflectance to determine levels of thermal maturation. Preparation of samples for reflectance analysis required (1) crushing the larger pieces into 0.25-to 1-mm pieces, (2) casting the pieces with epoxy in pre-cut and drilled plugs, and (3) curing the samples overnight. Subsequently, a four-step grinding and polishing process was implemented that included sanding with progressively finer sandpaper (60 and 600 grit) followed with a two-step polishing process (0.3 and 0.05 micron). Vitrinite reflectance measurements were determined at 500 X magnification using plane-polarized incident white light and a 546-nm monochromatic filter in immersion oil. For samples containing sufficiently high quality vitrinite, at least 25 measurements were recorded. For samples of poorer quality, either due to a poor polish or to the presence of mineral or other inorganic material, fewer measurements were recorded. Analytical results are given in tables 1 and 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071246","usgsCitation":"Finn, T.M., and Pawlewicz, M.J., 2007, New vitrinite reflectance data for the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1246, iii, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071246.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10293,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1246/","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":356878,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1246/pdf/OF07-1246_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,43.25 ], [ -110,45.5 ], [ -106.5,45.5 ], [ -106.5,43.25 ], [ -110,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697843","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80450,"text":"ofr20071236 - 2007 - Summary of hydrogeologic conditions by county for the state of Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T09:23:02","indexId":"ofr20071236","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1236","title":"Summary of hydrogeologic conditions by county for the state of Michigan","docAbstract":"Summaries of the major hydrogeologic features for each county in Michigan are presented. Each summary includes a listing of the major watersheds in the county and a description of the hydrogeology of the major aquifers in the county. Aquifer properties reported in the literature are given if available. Reports describing the hydrogeology of each county are cited. This work was prepared to provide a brief introduction to the ground‑water setting for each county.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Michigan, Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Apple, B.A., and Reeves, H.W., 2007, Summary of hydrogeologic conditions by county for the state of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1236, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071236.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-07-15","temporalEnd":"2007-09-20","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071236.JPG"},{"id":10276,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-85.825955,45.404296],[-85.833516,45.378175],[-85.88301,45.443479],[-85.834891,45.428356],[-85.825955,45.404296]]],[[[-86.093536,45.007838],[-86.133655,44.996874],[-86.154824,45.002394],[-86.156689,45.010535],[-86.141644,45.040251],[-86.117908,45.048478],[-86.079103,45.030795],[-86.100315,45.02624],[-86.093536,45.007838]]],[[[-86.033174,45.15842],[-85.993194,45.152805],[-85.976803,45.138363],[-85.984095,45.087073],[-85.976883,45.06266],[-85.99736,45.055929],[-86.058653,45.100776],[-86.065016,45.140266],[-86.050473,45.158418],[-86.033174,45.15842]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.656915,48.139225],[-88.547033,48.174891],[-88.524753,48.165291],[-88.501088,48.168181],[-88.482039,48.179915],[-88.422601,48.190975],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-88.419875,48.170731],[-88.459697,48.158551],[-88.566938,48.093719],[-88.578053,48.084373],[-88.579784,48.058669],[-88.670073,48.011446],[-88.899184,47.9533],[-88.962664,47.923512],[-88.968903,47.901675],[-88.942387,47.895436],[-88.899698,47.902445],[-88.911665,47.891344],[-89.157738,47.824015],[-89.19017,47.831603],[-89.201812,47.850243],[-89.234533,47.851718],[-89.228507,47.858039],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-89.179154,47.93503],[-88.940886,48.01959],[-88.915032,48.020681],[-88.835714,48.056752],[-88.787556,48.063035],[-88.764256,48.085189],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-84.612845,45.834528],[-84.650783,45.85921],[-84.646876,45.884642],[-84.622515,45.87753],[-84.578328,45.820092],[-84.432472,45.786732],[-84.421267,45.792694],[-84.42159,45.805651],[-84.403208,45.784394],[-84.35602,45.771895],[-84.372248,45.745784],[-84.405852,45.722417],[-84.484128,45.73071],[-84.612845,45.834528]]],[[[-85.524448,45.829794],[-85.450206,45.796677],[-85.450206,45.776452],[-85.462581,45.765864],[-85.507263,45.778237],[-85.532009,45.798172],[-85.524448,45.829794]]],[[[-85.696872,45.69725],[-85.701809,45.736129],[-85.688849,45.747238],[-85.651866,45.743139],[-85.649353,45.722552],[-85.672187,45.696633],[-85.696872,45.69725]]],[[[-85.360952,45.817554],[-85.351434,45.795663],[-85.359048,45.776627],[-85.377132,45.769013],[-85.394264,45.778531],[-85.377132,45.812795],[-85.360952,45.817554]]],[[[-85.566441,45.760222],[-85.53562,45.750394],[-85.506133,45.754715],[-85.497656,45.746246],[-85.515145,45.749451],[-85.520803,45.737247],[-85.498777,45.726291],[-85.494016,45.698476],[-85.506104,45.681148],[-85.490252,45.652122],[-85.487026,45.621211],[-85.534064,45.578198],[-85.561634,45.572213],[-85.618049,45.582647],[-85.630016,45.598166],[-85.604521,45.639256],[-85.604881,45.681932],[-85.572309,45.711449],[-85.566441,45.760222]]],[[[-86.626187,45.573581],[-86.622023,45.55633],[-86.636895,45.542053],[-86.648792,45.543243],[-86.661284,45.574176],[-86.712328,45.610939],[-86.67727,45.613689],[-86.626187,45.573581]]],[[[-83.880387,41.720089],[-84.806082,41.696089],[-84.805883,41.760216],[-86.823628,41.76024],[-86.717037,41.819349],[-86.619442,41.893827],[-86.582197,41.942241],[-86.485223,42.118239],[-86.356218,42.254166],[-86.297168,42.358207],[-86.261573,42.443894],[-86.226037,42.592811],[-86.22905,42.637693],[-86.206834,42.719424],[-86.210737,42.859128],[-86.232707,43.015762],[-86.280756,43.136015],[-86.407832,43.338436],[-86.479276,43.515335],[-86.529507,43.593462],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.529686,43.676849],[-86.463436,43.744687],[-86.43114,43.815569],[-86.462756,43.969655],[-86.508827,44.032755],[-86.514704,44.057672],[-86.421576,44.128962],[-86.362847,44.208113],[-86.343793,44.249608],[-86.26871,44.345324],[-86.248083,44.420946],[-86.248914,44.483004],[-86.220697,44.566742],[-86.22545,44.59459],[-86.259029,44.663654],[-86.256796,44.686769],[-86.232482,44.70605],[-86.09074,44.740544],[-86.074658,44.766792],[-86.065966,44.821522],[-86.072468,44.884788],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-86.038332,44.915696],[-86.021513,44.902774],[-85.992535,44.900026],[-85.9316,44.968788],[-85.897626,44.962014],[-85.869852,44.939031],[-85.807403,44.949814],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.771395,45.015181],[-85.746444,45.051229],[-85.695715,45.076461],[-85.656024,45.145788],[-85.618639,45.186771],[-85.606963,45.178477],[-85.585986,45.180381],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.526734,45.189316],[-85.531461,45.177247],[-85.564897,45.153962],[-85.599801,45.149286],[-85.614319,45.127562],[-85.583198,45.071304],[-85.566066,45.059201],[-85.56613,45.043633],[-85.597181,45.040547],[-85.599652,45.021749],[-85.621878,45.004529],[-85.602356,44.974272],[-85.602034,44.926743],[-85.621403,44.923123],[-85.645456,44.883645],[-85.652355,44.849092],[-85.637,44.790078],[-85.640781,44.775561],[-85.627982,44.767508],[-85.593833,44.768651],[-85.581717,44.807784],[-85.532931,44.87319],[-85.530729,44.889182],[-85.559524,44.888113],[-85.564509,44.895246],[-85.533553,44.925762],[-85.520034,44.973996],[-85.475204,44.991053],[-85.464944,44.961062],[-85.48574,44.953626],[-85.500872,44.85883],[-85.555894,44.818256],[-85.57517,44.762766],[-85.554774,44.748917],[-85.527216,44.748235],[-85.504775,44.768082],[-85.509251,44.787334],[-85.499591,44.803838],[-85.462943,44.825044],[-85.3958,44.931018],[-85.378286,44.998587],[-85.380659,45.046319],[-85.366412,45.069023],[-85.366908,45.116938],[-85.386726,45.189497],[-85.388593,45.23524],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-85.307646,45.31314],[-85.262996,45.319507],[-85.196704,45.360641],[-85.143651,45.370369],[-85.032813,45.361251],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-84.912956,45.409776],[-84.922006,45.421914],[-84.990041,45.427618],[-84.978373,45.420171],[-85.040272,45.436509],[-85.087756,45.476335],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-85.119026,45.573002],[-85.07491,45.629242],[-85.007026,45.65636],[-84.942636,45.714292],[-84.951745,45.737326],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-85.00741,45.763168],[-84.805114,45.746378],[-84.781995,45.760345],[-84.7798,45.76965],[-84.79229,45.778464],[-84.780313,45.787224],[-84.734065,45.788205],[-84.715996,45.766174],[-84.573631,45.710381],[-84.46168,45.652404],[-84.442348,45.654771],[-84.427495,45.669201],[-84.376403,45.655565],[-84.329537,45.66438],[-84.215268,45.634767],[-84.128867,45.562284],[-84.122309,45.523788],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-84.056138,45.489349],[-84.028813,45.497225],[-83.939261,45.493189],[-83.909472,45.485784],[-83.806622,45.419159],[-83.721815,45.413304],[-83.599273,45.352561],[-83.570361,45.347198],[-83.538306,45.358167],[-83.514717,45.34646],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.422486,45.290989],[-83.381743,45.268983],[-83.41241,45.238905],[-83.363678,45.166469],[-83.316118,45.141958],[-83.30788,45.099093],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.340257,45.041545],[-83.36747,45.062268],[-83.399255,45.070364],[-83.433798,45.057616],[-83.453363,45.035331],[-83.446342,45.016655],[-83.431254,45.007998],[-83.450013,44.990219],[-83.433032,44.93289],[-83.404596,44.918761],[-83.39396,44.903056],[-83.320503,44.880571],[-83.321241,44.852962],[-83.300648,44.829831],[-83.296265,44.743502],[-83.274674,44.70477],[-83.287802,44.657703],[-83.31445,44.608926],[-83.308471,44.539902],[-83.326824,44.444411],[-83.321553,44.409119],[-83.333757,44.372486],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.343738,44.329763],[-83.373607,44.327784],[-83.414301,44.294543],[-83.425762,44.272487],[-83.442731,44.265361],[-83.460958,44.278176],[-83.500392,44.27661],[-83.53771,44.248171],[-83.567744,44.155899],[-83.573071,44.101298],[-83.591361,44.079237],[-83.58409,44.056748],[-83.650116,44.052404],[-83.679654,44.036365],[-83.687892,44.020709],[-83.680108,43.994196],[-83.76283,43.985361],[-83.82808,43.989003],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.890912,43.923314],[-83.907388,43.918062],[-83.916815,43.89905],[-83.929375,43.777091],[-83.945426,43.759946],[-83.954792,43.760932],[-83.939297,43.715369],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.852076,43.644922],[-83.770693,43.628691],[-83.769886,43.634924],[-83.725793,43.618691],[-83.703446,43.597646],[-83.669795,43.59079],[-83.553707,43.685432],[-83.540187,43.708746],[-83.515853,43.718157],[-83.506657,43.710907],[-83.48007,43.714636],[-83.470053,43.723418],[-83.440171,43.761694],[-83.446752,43.77186],[-83.438311,43.786846],[-83.411453,43.805033],[-83.407647,43.831998],[-83.33227,43.880522],[-83.331788,43.893901],[-83.347365,43.91216],[-83.30569,43.922489],[-83.28231,43.938031],[-83.26185,43.969021],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-83.058741,44.006224],[-83.024604,44.045174],[-82.990728,44.048846],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.915976,44.070503],[-82.889831,44.050952],[-82.793205,44.023247],[-82.783198,44.009366],[-82.746255,43.996037],[-82.678642,43.88373],[-82.65545,43.867883],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.647784,43.842684],[-82.633641,43.831224],[-82.612224,43.739771],[-82.597911,43.590016],[-82.539517,43.437539],[-82.523086,43.225361],[-82.486684,43.104688],[-82.415937,43.005555],[-82.42455,42.993393],[-82.412965,42.977041],[-82.455027,42.926866],[-82.469912,42.887459],[-82.468961,42.852314],[-82.482045,42.808629],[-82.467483,42.76191],[-82.510533,42.665172],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.589779,42.550678],[-82.640916,42.554973],[-82.686417,42.518597],[-82.664335,42.546244],[-82.680758,42.557909],[-82.688061,42.588417],[-82.701152,42.585991],[-82.713042,42.597904],[-82.683482,42.609433],[-82.690124,42.625033],[-82.669103,42.637225],[-82.645715,42.631145],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.623043,42.655951],[-82.630851,42.673341],[-82.700964,42.689548],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-82.819017,42.616333],[-82.789017,42.603434],[-82.782414,42.564834],[-82.834216,42.567849],[-82.874416,42.523535],[-82.883915,42.471836],[-82.870572,42.451235],[-82.894013,42.389437],[-82.915114,42.378137],[-82.928815,42.359437],[-82.92397,42.352068],[-83.064121,42.317738],[-83.096521,42.290138],[-83.128022,42.238839],[-83.133923,42.17474],[-83.121323,42.125742],[-83.133511,42.088143],[-83.157624,42.085542],[-83.188598,42.066431],[-83.181475,42.019301],[-83.187246,42.007573],[-83.208647,42.00504],[-83.216835,41.98862],[-83.248741,41.972735],[-83.269521,41.939042],[-83.292761,41.944616],[-83.315859,41.935893],[-83.341557,41.879956],[-83.366187,41.865505],[-83.379705,41.871729],[-83.40822,41.832654],[-83.436298,41.816471],[-83.443364,41.789118],[-83.42418,41.741042],[-83.503433,41.731547],[-83.880387,41.720089]]],[[[-88.116846,45.921703],[-88.189789,45.952208],[-88.209585,45.94428],[-88.239672,45.948982],[-88.249117,45.963663],[-88.292381,45.951115],[-88.316894,45.960969],[-88.326003,45.9553],[-88.334628,45.968808],[-88.380183,45.991654],[-88.414849,45.975483],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.509516,46.019169],[-88.565485,46.015708],[-88.589,46.005077],[-88.598093,46.017623],[-88.613063,45.990627],[-88.663697,45.989084],[-88.674606,46.010567],[-88.698716,46.017903],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.776187,46.015931],[-88.784411,46.032709],[-88.811948,46.021609],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-90.120489,46.336852],[-90.116844,46.355153],[-90.157851,46.409291],[-90.163422,46.434605],[-90.220532,46.503403],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.277131,46.524487],[-90.312581,46.517113],[-90.310329,46.536852],[-90.331887,46.553278],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-90.349462,46.53808],[-90.39332,46.532615],[-90.41562,46.563169],[-90.327626,46.607744],[-90.306609,46.602741],[-90.164026,46.645515],[-90.028392,46.67439],[-89.918466,46.740324],[-89.846962,46.796556],[-89.790663,46.818469],[-89.678469,46.832923],[-89.619329,46.81889],[-89.516895,46.841025],[-89.415154,46.843983],[-89.228362,46.912751],[-89.128698,46.992599],[-89.086742,46.985298],[-89.02893,47.00114],[-88.998907,46.99531],[-88.972802,47.002096],[-88.925586,47.040923],[-88.890708,47.099024],[-88.848176,47.115065],[-88.816684,47.139938],[-88.764351,47.155762],[-88.676624,47.216918],[-88.573997,47.245989],[-88.498756,47.295256],[-88.418841,47.371058],[-88.285635,47.422146],[-88.23944,47.429923],[-88.217822,47.448738],[-88.040291,47.475999],[-87.801184,47.473301],[-87.715942,47.439816],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-87.75138,47.405066],[-87.815371,47.38479],[-87.8567,47.395387],[-87.957058,47.38726],[-87.965598,47.368645],[-87.938787,47.346777],[-87.94336,47.335899],[-88.06009,47.295796],[-88.163059,47.216278],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.242109,47.172184],[-88.239487,47.151176],[-88.231797,47.149609],[-88.239895,47.139436],[-88.262537,47.145087],[-88.281652,47.138239],[-88.297547,47.098639],[-88.346501,47.079407],[-88.367624,47.019213],[-88.410157,46.978782],[-88.443901,46.972251],[-88.474217,46.889034],[-88.483748,46.831727],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.438427,46.786714],[-88.38141,46.838466],[-88.375577,46.857313],[-88.352145,46.857009],[-88.244437,46.929612],[-88.145561,46.966409],[-88.132957,46.962237],[-88.185964,46.920025],[-88.175197,46.90458],[-88.083937,46.920112],[-88.004298,46.906982],[-87.900695,46.909682],[-87.847037,46.884163],[-87.816794,46.891154],[-87.783216,46.879927],[-87.766243,46.861446],[-87.741857,46.865274],[-87.72588,46.827426],[-87.69459,46.827182],[-87.681561,46.842392],[-87.662261,46.815157],[-87.6333,46.812107],[-87.595307,46.78295],[-87.581674,46.729399],[-87.523308,46.688488],[-87.503238,46.647796],[-87.469023,46.635918],[-87.464108,46.614811],[-87.442612,46.602776],[-87.383961,46.59307],[-87.381649,46.580059],[-87.392974,46.572523],[-87.375613,46.54714],[-87.393985,46.533183],[-87.352448,46.501324],[-87.259116,46.488283],[-87.12744,46.494014],[-87.008724,46.532723],[-86.964534,46.516549],[-86.947077,46.472064],[-86.903742,46.466138],[-86.889094,46.458499],[-86.883919,46.441514],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.816026,46.437892],[-86.803557,46.466669],[-86.768516,46.479072],[-86.735929,46.475231],[-86.70323,46.439378],[-86.686412,46.454965],[-86.683819,46.498079],[-86.701929,46.511571],[-86.709325,46.543914],[-86.678182,46.561039],[-86.656479,46.558453],[-86.62738,46.53371],[-86.646393,46.485776],[-86.627441,46.47754],[-86.612173,46.493295],[-86.609039,46.470239],[-86.586168,46.463324],[-86.469306,46.551422],[-86.437167,46.54896],[-86.34989,46.578035],[-86.161681,46.669475],[-86.138295,46.672935],[-86.119862,46.657256],[-86.099843,46.654615],[-85.877908,46.690914],[-85.751345,46.67743],[-85.50951,46.675786],[-85.257999,46.753078],[-85.173042,46.763634],[-85.063556,46.757856],[-84.954009,46.771362],[-85.007616,46.728339],[-85.027513,46.697451],[-85.037056,46.600995],[-85.025491,46.546397],[-85.056133,46.52652],[-85.049847,46.503963],[-85.025598,46.483028],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.937145,46.489252],[-84.921931,46.469962],[-84.861448,46.46993],[-84.829491,46.444071],[-84.769151,46.453523],[-84.678423,46.487694],[-84.63102,46.484868],[-84.573522,46.427895],[-84.551496,46.418522],[-84.503719,46.43919],[-84.471848,46.434289],[-84.455527,46.453897],[-84.463322,46.467435],[-84.445149,46.489016],[-84.420274,46.501077],[-84.343599,46.507713],[-84.275814,46.492821],[-84.254434,46.500821],[-84.226131,46.53392],[-84.193729,46.53992],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.111225,46.504119],[-84.146172,46.41852],[-84.138906,46.372221],[-84.106247,46.321963],[-84.119629,46.315013],[-84.115563,46.268225],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.118175,46.233968],[-84.14595,46.224995],[-84.182732,46.23545],[-84.219494,46.231992],[-84.249164,46.206461],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-84.221001,46.163062],[-84.196669,46.16615],[-84.177298,46.183993],[-84.125022,46.180209],[-84.100126,46.15077],[-84.026536,46.131648],[-84.061329,46.113482],[-84.072398,46.09669],[-84.066257,46.087438],[-83.989526,46.032823],[-83.943933,46.031465],[-83.900535,45.998918],[-83.873147,45.993426],[-83.845399,46.025679],[-83.830146,46.022324],[-83.818202,46.002425],[-83.794055,45.995801],[-83.765277,46.018363],[-83.773785,46.051471],[-83.796555,46.056688],[-83.81252,46.073469],[-83.824036,46.103638],[-83.815826,46.108529],[-83.771821,46.090999],[-83.728165,46.090957],[-83.703861,46.103366],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.581315,46.089613],[-83.547202,46.047868],[-83.532913,46.011328],[-83.473946,45.988558],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-83.561838,45.912562],[-83.65766,45.945463],[-83.687695,45.935389],[-83.78611,45.933375],[-83.803332,45.943362],[-83.835505,45.941843],[-83.840869,45.952726],[-83.879616,45.966196],[-83.921257,45.958075],[-83.985141,45.967133],[-84.017565,45.959046],[-84.090391,45.967256],[-84.111174,45.978675],[-84.169368,45.966919],[-84.238174,45.967595],[-84.253993,45.956727],[-84.330346,45.956043],[-84.376429,45.931962],[-84.428239,45.958144],[-84.443086,45.977825],[-84.459956,45.970343],[-84.488536,45.98882],[-84.507201,45.991169],[-84.514071,45.971292],[-84.532392,45.969448],[-84.540995,46.019501],[-84.563891,46.032459],[-84.609063,46.026418],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.692735,46.027019],[-84.685254,45.973454],[-84.723039,45.967279],[-84.738849,45.945792],[-84.713614,45.920366],[-84.734002,45.907026],[-84.721277,45.873911],[-84.702122,45.853935],[-84.720609,45.848116],[-84.725734,45.837045],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-84.828996,45.871209],[-84.842147,45.898005],[-84.917288,45.930576],[-84.971232,45.984208],[-85.020951,46.012845],[-85.14516,46.050035],[-85.197523,46.044878],[-85.222416,46.060629],[-85.266385,46.065779],[-85.335466,46.092459],[-85.381263,46.082086],[-85.409463,46.100585],[-85.426916,46.101964],[-85.445835,46.086426],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-85.539479,46.080416],[-85.603785,46.030363],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-85.697203,45.960158],[-85.8092,45.979931],[-85.842404,45.965247],[-85.893196,45.967253],[-85.922737,45.948287],[-85.926017,45.932104],[-85.910264,45.922112],[-85.920581,45.920994],[-85.998868,45.950968],[-86.094753,45.966704],[-86.159415,45.953765],[-86.208255,45.962978],[-86.22906,45.94857],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.324232,45.90608],[-86.332625,45.851813],[-86.349134,45.83416],[-86.351658,45.798132],[-86.369918,45.789254],[-86.415971,45.793793],[-86.439661,45.760669],[-86.47905,45.757416],[-86.486028,45.746608],[-86.51457,45.752337],[-86.53328,45.710849],[-86.580936,45.71192],[-86.587528,45.666456],[-86.625132,45.663819],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.695275,45.648175],[-86.708038,45.649202],[-86.718191,45.67732],[-86.705184,45.690901],[-86.689102,45.687862],[-86.665677,45.702217],[-86.67148,45.72053],[-86.633138,45.747654],[-86.631018,45.782019],[-86.583391,45.778242],[-86.576858,45.801473],[-86.557215,45.808172],[-86.555186,45.831696],[-86.529208,45.853043],[-86.529573,45.874974],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.583304,45.898784],[-86.603293,45.876626],[-86.625736,45.868295],[-86.632478,45.843309],[-86.645998,45.833888],[-86.721113,45.845431],[-86.749638,45.867796],[-86.78208,45.860195],[-86.773279,45.811385],[-86.821523,45.770356],[-86.838658,45.741831],[-86.838746,45.722307],[-86.944158,45.695833],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-86.984588,45.705812],[-86.975224,45.75313],[-86.988438,45.810621],[-87.00508,45.831718],[-87.031435,45.837238],[-87.057439,45.812483],[-87.064302,45.758828],[-87.05555,45.751535],[-87.057444,45.736822],[-87.070442,45.718779],[-87.059953,45.708893],[-87.093365,45.701473],[-87.172241,45.661788],[-87.196852,45.636275],[-87.333407,45.446056],[-87.327749,45.425307],[-87.3925,45.369028],[-87.431684,45.316383],[-87.438908,45.293405],[-87.600796,45.146842],[-87.612019,45.123377],[-87.601086,45.104092],[-87.581969,45.097206],[-87.590208,45.095264],[-87.657135,45.107568],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.735135,45.171538],[-87.741805,45.197051],[-87.72796,45.207956],[-87.698248,45.281512],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.656624,45.367295],[-87.690281,45.389822],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.823028,45.35265],[-87.848368,45.340676],[-87.871204,45.360056],[-87.886949,45.35311],[-87.850969,45.401925],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.855298,45.441379],[-87.812976,45.464159],[-87.793447,45.498372],[-87.803364,45.537016],[-87.832296,45.558767],[-87.831689,45.568035],[-87.790874,45.564096],[-87.777671,45.609204],[-87.824676,45.653211],[-87.780808,45.680349],[-87.809075,45.699717],[-87.810144,45.71023],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.986429,45.769596],[-87.982617,45.782944],[-87.995876,45.795435],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-88.129461,45.809288],[-88.13611,45.819029],[-88.073134,45.871952],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.105677,45.904387],[-88.095354,45.913895],[-88.116846,45.921703]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Michigan\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apple, Beth A.","contributorId":31070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apple","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80452,"text":"ofr20071172 - 2007 - A decision support framework for water management in the Upper Delaware River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T19:28:43","indexId":"ofr20071172","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1172","title":"A decision support framework for water management in the Upper Delaware River","docAbstract":"The Delaware River Basin occupies an area of 12,765 square miles, in portions of south central New York, northeast Pennsylvania, northeast Delaware, and western New Jersey (fig. 1). The river begins as two streams in the Catskill Mountains, the East and West Branches. The two tributaries flow in a southwesterly direction until they meet at Hancock, N.Y. The length of the river from the mouth of Delaware Bay to the confluence at Hancock is 331 miles. Approximately 200 miles of the river between Hancock, N.Y., and Trenton, N.J., is nontidal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071172","usgsCitation":"Bovee, K.D., Waddle, T.J., Bartholow, J., and Burris, L., 2007, A decision support framework for water management in the Upper Delaware River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1172, x, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071172.","productDescription":"x, 122 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4952e4b0b290850ef0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bovee, Ken D.","contributorId":100447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholow, John","contributorId":81835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burris, Lucy","contributorId":49468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burris","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80458,"text":"ofr20071279 - 2007 - Water velocity and suspended solids measurements by in-situ instruments in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T13:27:01.505849","indexId":"ofr20071279","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1279","title":"Water velocity and suspended solids measurements by in-situ instruments in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey conducted hydrodynamic measurements in Upper Klamath Lake during four summer seasons (approximately mid-June to mid-September) during 2003 to 2006. Measurements included water current profiles made by acoustic Doppler current profilers at a number of fixed locations in the lake during all four years as well as from a moving boat during 2005 and 2006. Measurements of size distribution of suspended material were made at four locations in the lake during 2004-2006. Raw (unfiltered) data are presented as time series of measurements. In addition, water-velocity data have been filtered to remove wind-induced variations with periods less than thirty hours from the measurements. Bar graphs of horizontal and vertical water speed and acoustic backscatter have been generated to discern diurnal variations, especially as they relate to wind patterns over the lake.
Mean speeds of the horizontal currents in the lake range between about 3.5 to 15 cm/s with the higher speeds at the deep locations in the trench on the west side of the lake. Current directions generally conform to the lake’s bathymetry contours and the water circulation pattern is usually in a clockwise direction around the lake as established by the prevailing north to northwesterly surface winds in the region. Diurnal patterns in horizontal currents probably relate to diurnal wind patterns with minimum wind speeds near noon and maximum wind speeds near 2100. Diurnal variations in vertical velocities do not appear to be related to wind patterns; they do appear to be related to expected patterns of vertical migration of Aphanizomenon flos aquae, (AFA) the predominant species of blue-green algae in the lake. Similarly, diurnal variations in acoustic backscatter, especially near the lake’s surface, are probably related to the vertical migration of AFA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071279","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., Wellman, R.E., Wood, T.M., and Cheng, R.T., 2007, Water velocity and suspended solids measurements by in-situ instruments in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1279, Report: viii, 28 p.; 8 Appendices: 111 p.; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071279.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 28 p.; 8 Appendices: 111 p.; Data Files","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411059,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81832.htm"},{"id":10283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1279/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":190793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.73808047524717,\n 42.2367824416296\n ],\n [\n -121.73808047524717,\n 42.59605417436549\n ],\n [\n -122.09822929460955,\n 42.59605417436549\n ],\n [\n -122.09822929460955,\n 42.2367824416296\n ],\n [\n -121.73808047524717,\n 42.2367824416296\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellman, Roy E. 0000-0003-4460-8918 rwellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-8918","contributorId":1706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Roy","email":"rwellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80459,"text":"ofr20071307 - 2007 - Quality-Assurance Plan for Water-Quality Activities in the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20071307","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1307","title":"Quality-Assurance Plan for Water-Quality Activities in the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center","docAbstract":"In accordance with guidelines set forth by the Office of Water Quality in the Water Resources Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), this quality-assurance plan has been created for use by the USGS Washington Water Science Center (WAWSC) in conducting water-quality activities. The plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the personnel of the WAWSC for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of water-quality data. The policies and procedures that are documented in this quality-assurance plan for water-quality activities are meant to complement the WAWSC's quality-assurance plans for surface-water and ground-water activities and to supplement the WAWSC quality-assurance plan.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071307","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Kimbrough, R.A., and Turney, G.L., 2007, Quality-Assurance Plan for Water-Quality Activities in the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1307, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071307.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10286,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrough, Robert A. rakimbro@usgs.gov","contributorId":1627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"Robert","email":"rakimbro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turney, Gary L.","contributorId":72446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turney","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80449,"text":"ofr20071244 - 2007 - Escherichia coli and Suspended Sediment in Berger Ditch at Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr20071244","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1244","title":"Escherichia coli and Suspended Sediment in Berger Ditch at Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2006","docAbstract":"Berger Ditch discharges to the marina at Maumee Bay State Park (MBSP), just east of the MBSP bathing beach. Recent studies by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and University of Toledo researchers have identified the ditch as a source of Escherichia coli (E. coli), an indicator bacterium that is used to assess recreational water quality. An automatic sampler was installed at a USGS streamgage on Berger Ditch. Samples were collected as a function of streamflow, including negative flow conditions. Instantaneous discharges of E. coli and suspended sediment from Berger Ditch were calculated. When samples were collected, streamflow ranged from -21 to 227 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and over the entire time period, streamflow ranged from -23 to 243 ft3/s. Discharges of E. coli ranged from 2.5 ? 108 to greater than 2.6 ? 1010 colony-forming units per second (cfu/s), and suspended-sediment discharges ranged from 0.01 to 2.2 kilograms per second (kg/s). One sample was collected during negative flow conditions, and discharges of E. coli and suspended sediment in this sample were -4.3 ? 108 cfu/s and -0.015 kg/s, respectively.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071244","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., 2007, Escherichia coli and Suspended Sediment in Berger Ditch at Maumee Bay State Park, Oregon, Ohio, 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1244, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071244.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10275,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a82b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, Amie M. G.","contributorId":29774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Amie M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80448,"text":"ofr20071286 - 2007 - Geoscience for Alaska's D-1 lands: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T20:19:20.227638","indexId":"ofr20071286","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1286","title":"Geoscience for Alaska's D-1 lands: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"Purpose of This Report This interim report follows from the June 2006 recommendations to Congress by the BLM concerning disposition of the d-1 lands. That report recommended lifting of a significant number of d-1 PLOs, through the ongoing land management process within the BLM (e.g. resource management planning areas), or through Congressional action. The strategic actions outlined in this document refer only to Federal lands under US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) jurisdiction that 1) are affected by temporary withdrawals from mineral entry and mineral leasing by PLOs made pursuant to the Section 17(d)(1) of the ANCSA; 2) have been identified by the BLM as candidates for possible lifting of these PLOs and restrictions (U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 2006); and 3) lie outside of current Federal parks, preserves, monuments, refuges, reserves, wilderness areas and military installations that are closed to mineral entry, because within those areas the potential lifting of the d-1 restrictions has no practical effect. The resulting lands discussed here comprise approximately 121,000 km2 (29.9 million acres) of Alaska (Table 1) that, pending final resolution of Native and State land claims, will or may remain under Federal (BLM) control, and could be opened to mineral entry. For the purposes of this report, only these 29.9 million acres will hereafter be referred to as 'd-1' lands. This report gives a brief overview of the spatial distribution and physiographic setting, mineral occurrences, and mineral resource potential of the d-1lands. It outlines further geoscience information which could be compiled, collected, and evaluated in order to make a more accurate and comprehensive examination of the potential for undiscovered, locatable mineral resources on these Federal lands. This information is intended to provide guidance to USGS program managers and Federal land managers on matters of future exploration, access needs, and consequences of land status changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071286","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J.M., Gamble, B.M., and Labay, K., 2007, Geoscience for Alaska's D-1 lands: A preliminary report (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1286, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 31 x 33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071286.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 31 x 33 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10274,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407545,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81810.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Alaska Albers Equal Area Conic","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169,58 ], [ -169,70 ], [ -141,70 ], [ -141,58 ], [ -169,58 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gamble, B. M.","contributorId":79485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80446,"text":"ofr20071269 - 2007 - Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation on the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, 1960-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"ofr20071269","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1269","title":"Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation on the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, 1960-2006","docAbstract":"The Nevada Test Site (NTS), located in the climatic transition zone between the Mojave and Great Basin Deserts, has a network of precipitation gages that is unusually dense for this region. This network measures monthly and seasonal variation in a landscape with diverse topography. Precipitation data from 125 climate stations on or near the NTS were used to spatially interpolate precipitation for each month during the period of 1960 through 2006 at high spatial resolution (30 m). The data were collected at climate stations using manual and/or automated techniques. The spatial interpolation method, applied to monthly accumulations of precipitation, is based on a distance-weighted multivariate regression between the amount of precipitation and the station location and elevation. This report summarizes the temporal and spatial characteristics of the available precipitation records for the period 1960 to 2006, examines the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation during the period of record, and discusses some extremes in seasonal precipitation on the NTS.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071269","usgsCitation":"Blainey, J.B., Webb, R., and Magirl, C.S., 2007, Modeling the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation on the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, 1960-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1269, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071269.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10272,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1269/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blainey, Joan B.","contributorId":54284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blainey","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":292592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80445,"text":"ofr20071255 - 2007 - Increasing resiliency to natural hazards - A strategic plan for the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:21:45","indexId":"ofr20071255","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1255","title":"Increasing resiliency to natural hazards - A strategic plan for the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is initiating a new project designed to improve resiliency to natural hazards in southern California through the application of science to community decision making and emergency response. The Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project will assist the region’s communities to reduce their risk from natural hazards by directing new and existing research towards the community’s needs, improving monitoring technology, producing innovative products, and improving dissemination of the results. The natural hazards to be investigated in this project include coastal erosion, earthquakes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, and wildfires.
Americans are more at risk from natural hazards now than at any other time in our Nation’s history. Southern California, in particular, has one of the Nation’s highest potentials for extreme catastrophic losses due to natural hazards, with estimates of expected losses exceeding $3 billion per year. These losses can only be reduced through the decisions of the southern California community itself. To be effective, these decisions must be guided by the best information about hazards, risk, and the cost-effectiveness of mitigation technologies. The USGS will work with collaborators to set the direction of the research and to create multi-hazard risk frameworks where communities can apply the results of scientific research to their decision-making processes. Partners include state, county, city, and public-lands government agencies, public and private utilities, companies with a significant impact and presence in southern California, academic researchers, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and local emergency response agencies.
Prior to the writing of this strategic plan document, three strategic planning workshops were held in February and March 2006 at the USGS office in Pasadena to explore potential relationships. The goal of these planning sessions was to determine the external organizations’ needs for mitigation efforts before potential natural hazard events, and response efforts during and after the event. On the basis of input from workshop participants, four priority areas were identified for future research to address. They are (1) helping decision makers design planning scenarios, (2) improving upon the mapping of multiple hazards in urban areas, (3) providing real-time information from monitoring networks, and (4) integrating information in a risk and decision-making analysis. Towards this end, short-term and out-year goals have been outlined with the priorities in mind.
First-year goals are (1) to engage the user community to establish the structures and processes for communications and interactions, (2) to develop a program to create scenarios of anticipated disasters, beginning in the first year with a scenario of a southern San Andreas earthquake that triggers secondary hazards, (3) to compile existing datasets of geospatial data, and (4) to target research efforts to support more complete and robust products in future years. Both the first-year and out-year goals have been formulated around a working-group structure that builds on existing research strengths within the USGS. The project is intended to demonstrate how developments in methodology and products can lead to improvement in our management of natural hazards in an urban environment for application across the Nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071255","usgsCitation":"Jones, L., Bernknopf, R., Cannon, S., Cox, D.A., Gaydos, L., Keeley, J., Kohler, M., Lee, H., Ponti, D., Ross, S.L., Schwarzbach, S., Shulters, M., Ward, A.W., and Wein, A., 2007, Increasing resiliency to natural hazards - A strategic plan for the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project in Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1255, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071255.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10271,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Lucy","contributorId":80356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Lucy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard","contributorId":51701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan","contributorId":16103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, Dale A. dacox@usgs.gov","contributorId":165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","email":"dacox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaydos, Len","contributorId":36637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Len","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keeley, Jon","contributorId":7782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kohler, Monica","contributorId":34598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"Monica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Homa hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":48642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ponti, Daniel","contributorId":84457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven","contributorId":88038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Shulters, Michael","contributorId":89614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shulters","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ward, A. Wesley","contributorId":22861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wesley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":80396,"text":"ofr20071218 - 2007 - Preliminary Isostatic Gravity Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr20071218","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1218","title":"Preliminary Isostatic Gravity Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California","docAbstract":"This isostatic residual gravity map is part of an effort to map the three-dimensional distribution of rocks in Joshua Tree National Park, southern California.\r\n\r\nThis map will serve as a basis for modeling the shape of basins beneath the Park and in adjacent valleys and also for determining the location and geometry of faults within the area. Local spatial variations in the Earth's gravity field, after accounting for variations caused by elevation, terrain, and deep crustal structure, reflect the distribution of densities in the mid- to upper crust. Densities often can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in density commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries.\r\nHigh-density basement rocks exposed within the Eastern Transverse Ranges include crystalline rocks that range in age from Proterozoic to Mesozoic and these rocks are generally present in the mountainous areas of the quadrangle. Alluvial sediments, usually located in the valleys, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks are characterized by low densities. However, with increasing depth of burial and age, the densities of these rocks may become indistinguishable from those of basement rocks. Tertiary volcanic rocks are characterized by a wide range of densities, but, on average, are less dense than the pre-Cenozoic basement rocks. Basalt within the Park is as dense as crystalline basement, but is generally thin (less than 100 m thick; e.g., Powell, 2003).\r\n\r\nIsostatic residual gravity values within the map area range from about 44 mGal over Coachella Valley to about 8 mGal between the Mecca Hills and the Orocopia Mountains. Steep linear gravity gradients are coincident with the traces of several Quaternary strike-slip faults, most notably along the San Andreas Fault bounding the east side of Coachella Valley and east-west-striking, left-lateral faults, such as the Pinto Mountain, Blue Cut, and Chiriaco Faults (Fig. 1). Gravity gradients also define concealed basin-bounding faults, such as those beneath the Chuckwalla Valley (e.g. Rotstein and others, 1976). These gradients result from juxtaposing dense basement rocks against thick Cenozoic sedimentary rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071218","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Biehler, S., McPhee, D., McCabe, C., Watt, J., Anderson, M., Chuchel, B., and Stoffer, P., 2007, Preliminary Isostatic Gravity Map of Joshua Tree National Park and Vicinity, Southern California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1218, Map: 65 x 35 inches; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071218.","productDescription":"Map: 65 x 35 inches; Data Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110743,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81724.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"81724"},{"id":190530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,33.5 ], [ -116.5,34.25 ], [ -115,34.25 ], [ -115,33.5 ], [ -116.5,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e522","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biehler, Shawn","contributorId":69168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehler","given":"Shawn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhee, D.K.","contributorId":96775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCabe, C.A.","contributorId":88037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watt, J. T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":86052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J. T.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, M.L.","contributorId":93138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chuchel, B. A.","contributorId":93064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chuchel","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stoffer, P.","contributorId":55527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}