{"pageNumber":"1652","pageRowStart":"41275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":30406,"text":"wri944123 - 1994 - Sediment characteristics and sedimentation rates in Lake Michie, Durham County, North Carolina, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T10:37:42","indexId":"wri944123","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4123","title":"Sediment characteristics and sedimentation rates in Lake Michie, Durham County, North Carolina, 1990-92","docAbstract":"A reservoir sedimentation study was conducted at 508-acre Lake Michie, a municipal water-supply reservoir in northeastern Durham County, North Carolina, during 1990-92. The effects of sedimentation in Lake Michie were investigated, and current and historical rates of sedimentation were evaluated.\r\n\r\nParticle-size distributions of lake-bottom sediment indicate that, overall, Lake Michie is rich in silt and clay. Nearly all sand is deposited in the upstream region of the lake, and its percentage in the sediment decreases to less than 2 percent in the lower half of the lake. The average specific weight of lake-bottom sediment in Lake Michie is 73.6 pounds per cubic foot.\r\n\r\nThe dry-weight percentage of total organic carbon in lake-bottom sediment ranges from 1.1 to 3.8 percent. Corresponding carbon-nitrogen ratios range form 8.6 to 17.6. Correlation of the total organic carbon percentages with carbon-nitrogen ratios indicates that plant and leaf debris are the primary sources of organic material in Lake Michie.\r\n\r\nSedimentation rates were computed using comparisons of bathymetric volumes. Comparing the current and previous bathymetric volumes, the net amount of sediment deposited (trapped) in Lake Michie during 1926-92 is estimated to be about 2,541 acre-feet or slightly more than 20 percent of the original storage volume computed in 1935.\r\n\r\nCurrently (1992), the average sedimentation rate is 38 acre-feet per year, down from 45.1 acre-feet per year in 1935. To confirm the evidence that sedimentation rates have decreased at Lake Michie since its construction in 1926, sediment accretion rates were computed using radionuclide profiles of lake-bottom sediment. Sediment accretion rates estimated from radiochemical analyses of Cesium-137 and lead-210 and radionuclides in the lake-bottom sediment indicate that rates were higher in the lake?s early years prior to 1962.\r\n\r\nEstimated suspended-sediment yields for inflow and outflow sites during 1983-91 indicate a suspended-sediment trap efficiency of 89 percent. An overall trap efficiency for the period of 1983-91 was computed using the capacity-inflow ratio. The use of this ratio indicates that the trap efficiency for Lake Michie is 85 percent. However, the suspended-sediment trap efficiency indicates that the actual overall trap efficiency for Lake Michie was probably greater than 89 percent during this period.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nESIC, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944123","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., 1994, Sediment characteristics and sedimentation rates in Lake Michie, Durham County, North Carolina, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4123, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944123.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59175,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4123/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Durham County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michie","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-78.8019,36.2361],[-78.8059,36.0928],[-78.8059,36.0878],[-78.7986,36.085],[-78.7957,36.0858],[-78.7923,36.0854],[-78.7919,36.0772],[-78.7879,36.0758],[-78.7852,36.0703],[-78.7749,36.0707],[-78.7498,36.0718],[-78.7564,36.0532],[-78.7519,36.0491],[-78.7503,36.0468],[-78.7492,36.0427],[-78.747,36.0395],[-78.7499,36.035],[-78.7511,36.0323],[-78.7545,36.0301],[-78.7551,36.0283],[-78.75,36.026],[-78.7422,36.0209],[-78.7353,36.0199],[-78.7324,36.0267],[-78.7278,36.0289],[-78.7272,36.0334],[-78.726,36.0343],[-78.7232,36.0334],[-78.7164,36.0283],[-78.713,36.0278],[-78.7102,36.0287],[-78.7085,36.0287],[-78.7052,36.0223],[-78.7076,36.0132],[-78.7077,36.0087],[-78.7048,36.0091],[-78.6985,36.0131],[-78.7009,36.0068],[-78.714,35.9729],[-78.7372,35.941],[-78.751,35.9307],[-78.7609,35.9176],[-78.8056,35.9281],[-78.8298,35.8689],[-78.89,35.8676],[-78.9076,35.8678],[-78.9144,35.8674],[-78.9332,35.8667],[-78.9587,35.866],[-78.986,35.8644],[-78.9985,35.8641],[-79.011,35.8633],[-79.0161,35.8633],[-79.0142,35.8755],[-79.0124,35.886],[-78.9507,36.2393],[-78.8019,36.2361]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Durham\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J.C.","contributorId":50561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29567,"text":"wri934103 - 1994 - Quality of water and bottom sediments, and nutrient and dissolved-solids loads in the Apopka-Beauclair Canal, Lake County, Florida, 1986-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T21:10:18.811967","indexId":"wri934103","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4103","title":"Quality of water and bottom sediments, and nutrient and dissolved-solids loads in the Apopka-Beauclair Canal, Lake County, Florida, 1986-90","docAbstract":"

Nutrient-rich water enters Lake Beauclair and other lakes downstream from Lake Apopka in the Ocklawaha River chain of lakes in central Florida. Two sources of the nutrient-rich water are Lake Apopka outflow and drainage from farming operations adjacent to the Apopka-Beauclair Canal. Two flow and water- quality monitoring sites were established to measure nutrient and dissolved-solids loads at the outflow from lake Apopka and at a control structure on the Apopka-Beauclair Canal downstream from farming activities. Samples were collected biweekly for analysis of nutrients and monthly for analysis of major ions for 4 years. Most of the nutrient load transported through the lock and dam on the Apopka-Beauclair Canal was transported during periods of high discharge. In April 1987, when discharges were as high as 589 cubic feet per second, loads transported through the lock and dam accounted for 59 percent of the ammonia-plus- organic nitrogen load, 61 percent of the total nitrogen load, and 59 percent of the phosphorus load transported during the 1987 water year. Constituent concentrations in annual bottom sediment samples from the canal indicated that most of the constituent load is not being transported down- stream. An alternative approach was derived for determining the relative constituent load from farm input along the canal: Load computations using this approach indicated that, with the exception of phosphorus, nutrient and dissolved-solids loads due to farm activity along the canal account for 10 percent or less of the total load at the Apopka-Beauclair canal lock and dam.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934103","usgsCitation":"Schiffer, D., 1994, Quality of water and bottom sediments, and nutrient and dissolved-solids loads in the Apopka-Beauclair Canal, Lake County, Florida, 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4103, vi, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934103.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47819.htm"},{"id":58396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4103/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4103/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Apopka-Beauclair Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.75,\n 28.7722\n ],\n [\n -82.75,\n 28.6083\n ],\n [\n -82.45,\n 28.6083\n ],\n [\n -82.45,\n 28.7722\n ],\n [\n -82.75,\n 28.7722\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f07c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffer, D. M.","contributorId":102103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29364,"text":"wri934156 - 1994 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:32:52","indexId":"wri934156","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4156","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance investigation was conducted during 1990--91 in the Owyhee and Vale projects in eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho, as well as at a number of sites in the Snake River and tributaries to the Snake River in the area of study. The objective of the study was to determine if agricultural drainwater entering the study area was causing, or had the potential to cause, significant harmful effects to human health, fish and wildlife, or may adversely affect the suitability of water for beneficial uses. Approximately 153,000 acres of land are irrigated annually within the areas of the Owyhee and Vale projects. Large quantities of water are required because of the semiarid climate and relatively high evaporation rates. Several reservoirs in the area are filled annually during the wet, nonirrigation season to sustain irrigation during the dry summer months. During the irrigation season, this impounded water, along with direct diversions from the Malheur, Owyhee, and Snake Rivers, is transported to the irrigated areas through a series of diversion tunnels, siphons, canals, aqueducts, ditches, and drains. Major crops grown in the area include sugar beets, alfalfa hay and other hay crops, onions, and winter wheat. Minor crops include corn, potatoes, mint, various seed crops, and fruit. In 1987, it was estimated that the following amounts of pesticides were used in the project areas: 2,4-D (21,000 lbs [pounds]), chlorpyrifos (1,000 lbs), dacthal (40,000 lbs), dicamba (320 lbs), endosulfan (2,500 lbs), ethion (11,000 lbs), malathion (24,000 lbs), parathion (5,000 lbs), and phorate (11,000 lbs). Median concentrations and values for total dissolved solids, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and hardness in the Vale project area were greater than 1.5 times those values observed in the Owyhee project area or at other Snake River locations. During irrigation (August 1990), total dissolved solids, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, and hardness values increased in a downstream manner. Constituent values at drainwater sites generally were comparable to concentrations below the irrigated ureas in the Owyhee and Vale project areas. The trace elements arsenic, boron, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, and zinc were detected in most water samples; cadmium, chromium, lead, and selenium were detected in some samples at concentrations generally near the analytical reporting limit; mercury was not detected in any samples. In some water samples, concentrations of arsenic, boron, cadmium, copper, and lead exceeded State or Federal water-quality standards or criteria. Most trace elements in bottom sediment were detected at concentrations within the expected 95-percent baseline range for soils from the Western United States. Concentrations that exceeded the 95-percent baseline range for study area soils were: (1) arsenic and lead in one sample from a site in the Vale project area; (2) mercury, lead, and tin in one sample from a site in the Snake River system; (3) manganese in two samples from two sites in the Snake River system; and (4) manganese from one sample from a site in the Vale project area. Fifteen pesticides and metabolites were detected in whole-water samples collected from sites in the study area. DDT, plus its metabolites (DDE and DDD), dieldrin, endrin, 2,4-D, dicamba, and dacthal were detected in samples collected from seven or more sites. Other pesticides detected included chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, ethion, malathion, parathion, phorate, and lindane. Most of the detected pesticide concentrations generally were largest in drainwater and at the most downstream sampling locations in the Owyhee and Vale project areas. Concentrations exceeded water-quality criteria established for the protection of freshwater aquatic life in 86 percent of the whole-water samples analyzed for DDT plus its metabolites, 71 percent of the dieldrin samples, 14 percent of the endrin samples, and 10 percent of the parathion samples. Eight pesticides and ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934156","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F.A., Mullins, W., and Schuler, C., 1994, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Owyhee and Vale Projects, Oregon and Idaho, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4156, vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934156.","productDescription":"vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4156/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b29b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, W.H.","contributorId":105345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuler, C.A.","contributorId":42627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28849,"text":"wri924152 - 1994 - Simulated effects of projected withdrawals from the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer on ground-water levels in the Camden, New Jersey, area and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-15T22:26:04.399146","indexId":"wri924152","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4152","title":"Simulated effects of projected withdrawals from the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer on ground-water levels in the Camden, New Jersey, area and vicinity","docAbstract":"The Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer is being considered as a potential source of future water supply for the Camden, New Jersey, area. The deeper Potomac- Raritan-Magothy aquifer system is currently the major major source of water supply for the area, but its use may be curtailed or reduced by 35 percent of 1983 withdrawals through its designation by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy as "Water Supply Critical Area#2." Withdrawals from the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer currently (1989) total about 7 million gallons per day. The anticipated use of this aquifer by communities with access to it, as an alternative supply, could increase to more than 14 million gallons per day by 2020. If the communities of Clayton and Glassboro decrease their withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system by 50 percent or cease them entirely because of their proximity to saline water, the use of Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer could increase to greater than 15 million gallons per day by 2020. Simulation of the ground-water system indicates that the projected increase in withdrawals will cause cones of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in the Camden metro- politan area by 2020 that extend to depths ranging from 10 feet above sea level to 60 feet below sea level. This represents a secline of about 40 to 100 feet thr 1990 conditions. Withdrawals in northeastern Burlington County will cause a large cone of depression that, by 2020, will extend to depths of about 220 feet below sea level, represent- ing a decline of about 140 feet from 1990 conditions. Simulation results indicate that water levels in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer near the Salem Nuclear Power Plant are somewhat insensitive to withdrawals elsewhere in the aquifer. In some areas, especially in Burlington County, the cones of depression have developed in proximity to the aquifer-outcrop area and could induce infiltration from streams crossing the outcrop. Because of the hydraulic connection to adjacent aquifers, future management plans need to be developed in a compre- hensive manner with regard to all aquifers. Further study of the aquifer in Salem County could provide additional information on the hydraulic connection to Delaware Bay and the potential for saltwater intrusion.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924152","usgsCitation":"Navoy, A., 1994, Simulated effects of projected withdrawals from the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer on ground-water levels in the Camden, New Jersey, area and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4152, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924152.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47700.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4152/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Camden","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.7323956528351,\n 40.43870886360858\n ],\n [\n -75.53444728385746,\n 40.43870886360858\n ],\n [\n -75.53444728385746,\n 39.14856481983372\n ],\n [\n -73.7323956528351,\n 39.14856481983372\n ],\n [\n -73.7323956528351,\n 40.43870886360858\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686471","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Navoy, A. S.","contributorId":51771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navoy","given":"A. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29758,"text":"wri944036 - 1994 - Characteristics of streams and aquifers and processes affecting the salinity of water in the upper Colorado River basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:04:03","indexId":"wri944036","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4036","title":"Characteristics of streams and aquifers and processes affecting the salinity of water in the upper Colorado River basin, Texas","docAbstract":"

The upper Colorado River and some of its tributaries between Lake J.B. Thomas and O.H. Ivie Reservoir contain saline water (defined as water having dissolved-solids concentrations greater than 1,000 milligrams per liter). Dissolved-solids loads at nine streamflow water-quality stations increased from 1986 to 1988. The largest increases were in Beals Creek and in the Colorado River downstream from Beals Creek as a result of outflow of saline water from Natural Dam Salt Lake. The outflow contained 654,000 tons of dissolved solids and had a mean dissolved-solids concentration of 7,900 milligrams per liter. This amount represents about 51 percent of the dissolved-solids load to E.V. Spence Reservoir during 1986-88.

\n

The concentration of dissolved solids in streamflow in the upper Colorado River, however, generally decreased in the downstream direction as flows increased in all reaches of the river and its tributaries. Diversion of low flows at a site on the Colorado River upstream from the E.V. Spence and O.H. Ivie Reservoirs decreased the dissolved-solids concentrations of inflow to the reservoirs by about 7 percent while removing only about 3 percent of the total flow. The estimated dissolved-solids concentration exceeded 1,000 milligrams per liter for water from about 233 of 386 wells and springs for which specific conductance was measured in 1986. The mean value of the estimated dissolved-solids concentration for water from the 386 wells and springs was about 1,750 milligrams per liter.

\n

Some of the dissolved-solids content of streamflow and shallow-aquifer water was attributed to evapotranspiration in areas where water was close to land surface, in irrigated areas, and along streams. The evapotranspiration was largely from phreatophytes and was comparable to the mean streamflow from the study area during 1969- 86. However, evapotranspiration was not considered to have an effect on the salinity of water in shallow aquifers on a regional scale. Dissolution of sulfur-bearing minerals such as gypsum and pyrite in shallow aquifers contributed to salinity because of their presence in soil and shallowaquifer formations.

\n

Mixing with brine associated with oil and gas production is a major process affecting the salinity of streamflow and shallow-aquifer water. Brines can move upward through the more than 20,000 abandoned oil- and gas-related boreholes, most of which were abandoned prior to current requirements for casing, cementing, and plugging. Leakage from pits, disposal wells, and secondary-recovery wells, which have been used to dispose of brine, a by-product of oil and gas production, also contributed to dissolved solids in streamflow and shallow-aquifer water. The ratio of brine production to oil production in the seven major oil-producing counties increased from 0.60 to 6.5 between 1957 and 1983. About 359 million barrels of brine were injected into oil-producing formations through secondary-recovery wells in 1983, compared to 11 million barrels through disposal wells.

\n

The chemical characteristics of the saline water in streams and shallow aquifers in the study area were compared to characteristics of water that would result from the probable processes affecting the salinity of water, such as evapotranspiration, mineral dissolution, and mixing of water from streams and shallow-aquifer water with brines from deep aquifers. Dissolution of halite or mixing with deep-aquifer water was the most common cause of increased salinity in 48.0 percent of 77 water samples from shallow aquifers, as classified using salt-norm analysis; the second most common cause was the weathering and dissolution of sulfur-bearing minerals. Mixing with water from soil-mineral dissolution was classified as the principal source of chloride in 28.4 percent of 67 water samples from shallow aquifers with nitrate determinations. Trace-species/chloride ratios indicated that mixing with water from deep aquifers in rocks of the Pennsylvanian System was the principal source of chloride in 24.4 percent of 45 shallow-aquifer samples lacking nitrate determinations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri944036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado River Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Slade, R., and Buszka, P., 1994, Characteristics of streams and aquifers and processes affecting the salinity of water in the upper Colorado River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4036, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944036.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4036/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.51092529296875,\n 31.17050982470345\n ],\n [\n -101.51092529296875,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -99.437255859375,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -99.437255859375,\n 31.17050982470345\n ],\n [\n -101.51092529296875,\n 31.17050982470345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5ddeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, R.M. Jr.","contributorId":40595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buszka, P.M.","contributorId":49001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30174,"text":"wri934231 - 1994 - Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in waters of the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T18:31:40.4718","indexId":"wri934231","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4231","title":"Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in waters of the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-90","docAbstract":"

Available data on nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), suspended sediment, and pesticides in the Red River of the North Basin, a study unit under the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, are reviewed. These data were collected by several agencies during 1970-90. Nutrient concentrations in surface water are higher downgradient from agricultural and urban areas than in other areas, but generally do not exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). The 10 milligram per liter (mg/L) drinking water MCL for nitrate (as nitrogen) was rarely exceeded. Some of the largest nutrient inputs to the surface-water system appear to come from the Fargo-Moorhead area. The highest nitrogen concentrations usually were found in the Red River of the North. Nitrogen composition was mostly organic nitrogen with some nitrate. Ammonia nitrogen was negligible except during mid-winter, when concentrations could exceed 1.0 mg/L. Streams draining the corn-dominated cropland in the southern part of the basin had relatively high nitrogen concentrations compared to parts of the basin where small-grain crops, forests, and wetlands predominate. The Pembina River in the northern part of the basin had a large range in nitrogen concentrations that often exceeded those in the Red River of the North. The highest phosphorus concentrations generally were found in of the Red River of the North, although tributary streams occasionally had peak concentrations that exceeded those in the Red River of the North. Median nitrate concentrations in ground water were less than 1.0 mg/L as nitrogen in all counties in the basin except in Otter Tail and Decker Counties in Minnesota. Half of the wells in Otter Tail County had nitrate-nitrogen concentrations exceeding 2.8 mg/L. Shallow, surficial aquifers tended to have the highest nitrate concentrations.

\n

Median suspended-sediment concentrations were less than 100 mg/L except in the Red River of the North near the Canadian border at Emerson, Manitoba and the Pembina River. The Pembina River occasionally had high suspended sediment concentrations; about 10 percent of the samples exceeded 2,000 mg/L.

\n

For both surface and ground water, available pesticide data were limited in spatial and temporal coverage. The majority of pesticide analyses for the Red River of the North Basin show no concentrations above laboratory reporting limits. Reported concentrations usually were below USEPA MCLs. Only a few analyses of pesticides in ground water had concentrations above laboratory reporting limits. Wells that had reportable levels are mainly in the southern and southeastern part of the basin, where atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide.

\n

A relatively large fraction of stream samples had detectable quantities of 2,4-D, a- and y-HCH, and atrazine. These samples covered time spans of as much as 15 years and were from sites downstream from large drainage basins; however, concentrations were well below US EPA MCLs. One county-level study showed higher 2,4-D concentrations at upstream sites than at the outlet from a small basin. This indicates that downstream sites may fail to show impaired water-quality and the fate of pesticides used in the basin. Following the 1972 ban on DDT, concentrations of DDT in fish samples from the Red River of the North quickly decreased. Fish concentrations of DDE and DDD decreased more slowly. Low levels of DDE and DDD were detected in fish 14 years after the DDT ban.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri934231","usgsCitation":"Tornes, L., and Brigham, M.E., 1994, Nutrients, suspended sediment, and pesticides in waters of the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 1970-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4231, viii, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934231.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47916.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58975,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4231/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River of the North Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -99.99755859375, 48.99463598353408 ], [ -99.964599609375, 48.915279853443806 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.88639177703194 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.719961222646276 ], [ -99.86572265625, 48.61112192003074 ], [ -99.755859375, 48.46563710044979 ], [ -99.68994140625, 48.356249029540706 ], [ 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-95.33935546875, 48.90805939965008 ], [ -95.4052734375, 49.001843917978526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tornes, L. H.","contributorId":103675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornes","given":"L. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham, M. E.","contributorId":87535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29542,"text":"wri934230 - 1994 - Effects of municipal ground-water withdrawals on the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T20:29:42.075838","indexId":"wri934230","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4230","title":"Effects of municipal ground-water withdrawals on the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in south-central Oklahoma consists of a thick sequence of folded and faulted carbonate and clastic rocks of Upper Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age. Fractures and karst features locally increase the aquifer's capacity to transmit and store ground water. The aquifer is a principal source of water for municipal and rural users.\r\nA hydrologic study was conducted to evaluate the effects of municipal ground-water withdrawal from the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer on local ground-water levels and discharge from nearby springs and streams in south-central Pontotoc County. A municipal well was pumped for 63 hours at an average rate of 1,170 gallons per minute. A maximum observed drawdown of 0.3 feet was recorded half a mile from the pumping well. Drawdown was observed as far as 1.2 miles from the pumping well. No measurable response was observed at any of the surface-water-discharge measurement sites; however, recharge from precipitation may have masked any decreases in discharge caused by the pumping. Simultaneous pumping of two municipal wells for 241 hours at average rates of 1,170 and 2,730 gallons per minute resulted in a maximum observed drawdown of 1.3 feet recorded at an average distance of 0.80 miles from the pumping wells. The most distant drawdown observed was at an average distance 1.1 miles from the pumped wells. Less that 2 days after pumping stopped, increases in springflow were recorded at two springs; it is unknown whether these discharge responses reflect the effects of recharge from precipitation, or the combined effects of precipitation and the cessation of ground-water withdrawal.\r\n\r\nThe effects of the stress tests on the hydrologic system were offset by recharge from concurrent precipitation. The maximum observed drawdown represents about 6 percent of the median natural water-level fluctuation during the study period. The effect of drawdown could become critical during extended periods of low precipitation, if water levels are already near the bottom of domestic wells in the area. However, a comparison of maximum observed drawdown (1.3 ft) with the minimum saturated thickness of fresh ground water (1,500 ft) suggests that municipal pumping had little effect on the amount of ground water stored in the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer in the study area. This evaluation is based on the limited pumping rates and times of the stress tests.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934230","usgsCitation":"Savoca, M., and Bergman, D.L., 1994, Effects of municipal ground-water withdrawals on the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4230, Report: iv, 37 p.; 1 Plate: 30.67 x 30.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934230.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 37 p.; 1 Plate: 30.67 x 30.56 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58376,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4230/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4230/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4230/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413782,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47915.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Pontotoc County","otherGeospatial":"Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.75,\n 34.6667\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -96.625,\n 34.625\n ],\n [\n -96.625,\n 34.6667\n ],\n [\n -96.75,\n 34.6667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savoca, M. E.","contributorId":84803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergman, D. L.","contributorId":93038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29372,"text":"wri944084 - 1994 - Effects of storm paths on precipitation chemistry, and variations of within-storm chemistry during selected storms in central Massachusetts, 1986-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri944084","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4084","title":"Effects of storm paths on precipitation chemistry, and variations of within-storm chemistry during selected storms in central Massachusetts, 1986-87","docAbstract":"Samples of precipitation from 31 storms were collected from October 1986 through December 1987 at a site near Quabbin Reservoir in central Massachusetts and were analyzed for pH, specific conductance, and concentrations of common chemical constituent. Twenty-four storms followed a conti- nental path west of the Appalachian Mountains. The remaining seven storms followed a coastal path east of the Appalachian Mountains along the Atlantic Coast. Precipitation from the continental storms was more acidic than precipitation from the coastal storms according to a nonparametric statistical com- parison. Because the continental storms had less volume, the loads of hydrogen ions and other common chemical constituents from both groups were not statistically different. The variability of within- storm precipitation chemistry was evaluated for 8 of the 31 storms. Seven of the storms showed evidence of suspended-particulate removal at levels between the cloud layer and the land surface during their early stages. The remaining storm, also the most acidic, showed evidence of suspended- particulate removal within the cloud layer as indicated by a relatively constant pH throughout the storm. Surface-air concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide before, during, and after each of the eight storms were compared to within-storm values of pH and precipitation. Seven of the storms were accompanied by decreased atmospheric concen- trations of both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the early stages of the storm. For three of the storms, atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were higher during the 24-hour period after the storm than the 24-hour period pre- ceding the storm. Particulates in precipitation samples were analyzed for three storms. Biotite was the predominant mineral in two of the storms. Other minerals detected were garnet, quartz, gypsum, hematite, epidote, ilmenite, eggonite, halite, rutile, and organic ash.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944084","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., and Shanley, J.B., 1994, Effects of storm paths on precipitation chemistry, and variations of within-storm chemistry during selected storms in central Massachusetts, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4084, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944084.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58218,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29660,"text":"wri934109 - 1994 - Geohydrology of, and nitrogen and chloride in, the glacial aquifer, Milford-Matamoras area, Pike County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T10:24:01","indexId":"wri934109","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4109","title":"Geohydrology of, and nitrogen and chloride in, the glacial aquifer, Milford-Matamoras area, Pike County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The glacial aquifer that underlies the Routes 209 and 6 corridor between Milford and Matamoras, Pa., is one of the most productive in Pike County. The aquifer is comprised of unconsolidated glacial outwash and kame-terrace deposits that lie within a glacially carved valley now occupied by the Delaware River. Most businesses and residences along this narrow, 7-mile-long corridor rely on individual wells for water supply and septic systems for waste-water disposal. A study of nutrients and chloride in ground water in the glacial aquifer was conducted to determine the effect of these constituents contributed from septic systems and road runoff on ground-water quality.\r\n\r\n Sources of nutrients and chloride in the recharge zone upgradient of the aquifer include road and parking-lot runoff, septic systems, and precipitation. Nitrate and chloride from these sources can infiltrate and move in the direction of ground-water flow in the saturated zone of the aquifer. A water-table map based on 29 water levels measured in August 1991 indicates that the direction of ground-water flow is from the edges of the valley toward t he Delaware River but is nearly parallel to the Delaware River in the central area of the valley.\r\n\r\n The average concentrations of nitrogen and chloride in recharge and total annual loads of nitrogen and chloride to ground water were estimated for six areas with different population densities. These estimates assumed a recharge rate to the glacial aquifer of 20 inches per year and a 15 percent loss of chloride and nitrogen in the atmospheric precipitation to surface runoff. The estimated average concentration of nitrogen in recharge ranged from 2.5 to 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter), which corresponds to a total annual load of nitrogen as ammonium released from septic tanks and present in precipitation was oxidized to nitrate as the dominant nitrogen species in ground water. Contributions of nitrogen from septic tanks were greater than contributions from runoff. Observed concentrations of nitrate, which was the most abundant nitrogen species in ground water in t he glacial aquifer, ranged from less than 0.05 to 5.1 mg/L as nitrogen, with a median of 1.1 mg/L as nitrogen. Concentrations of nitrogen measured in ground water were lower than estimated concentrations for recharge suggesting that dissolved nitrogen species may not be conservative in ground water. Nitrate is unstable in anoxic ground water and can be removed by denitrification. Ammonium can be sorbed onto the aquifer materials. Evidence for reducing conditions included a positive correlation between low concentrations of dissolved oxygen and low concentrations of nitrate.\r\n\r\n The estimated concentration of chloride in recharge ranged from 6.7 to 21 mg/L, and total annual load of chloride to ground water ranged from 19.4 to 50.6 x 10(3) lb/mi2. Chloride is considered to be a chemically conservative ion in ground water. Contributions of chloride to ground water from road salting were greater than contributions from septic tanks. Observed concentrations of chloride in 18 ground-water samples from the glacial aquifer ranged from 2.1 to 32 mg/L, with a median of 17.5 mg/L. Local contamination is indicated by the elevated concentrations of chloride (up to 680 mg/L) detected in four wells located downgradient of an abandoned industry that may have released salts in processing waste. Chloride concentrations in ground water appeared to be greater near major roads and in areas of relatively greater septic-system density than in areas upgradient of roads, farther downgradient from roads, or with less densely spaced septic systems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934109","usgsCitation":"Senior, L., 1994, Geohydrology of, and nitrogen and chloride in, the glacial aquifer, Milford-Matamoras area, Pike County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4109, vi, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934109.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58482,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4109/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58483,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4109/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58484,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4109/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a87b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, L.A.","contributorId":32958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27124,"text":"wri934160 - 1994 - Calibration of a streamflow-routing model for the Delaware River and its principal tributaries in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T11:23:34","indexId":"wri934160","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4160","title":"Calibration of a streamflow-routing model for the Delaware River and its principal tributaries in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The flow-routing module of the Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran watershed model was calibrated for 31 reaches on the Delaware River and 5 of it principal tributaries. These calibrations primarily involved the development of discharge-storage volume relations for the defined reaches. Daily discharge records for stream-gaging stations located at the upstream ends of the study reaches on the respective streams provided the primary hydrographic inputs for the routing models. Streamflow records for gaging stations at upstream locations and on other tributaries were used to estimate all other inflows for the 5-year calibration period, 1979-83. Root mean square errors of streamflows that were simulated for the downstream ends of gaged reaches ranged from 0.4 to 9.4 percent for the Delaware River, Lehigh River, Schuylkill River, and Brandywine Creek. Errors of 13 and 30 percent resulted from the streamflow simulations for the Lackawaxen and Neversink Rivers, respectively.\r\n\r\n Verification simulations for a 3-month period of extreme low flows on the Delaware River in 1966 resulted in overestimation of discharges for the Trenton, NJ, gaging station by approximately 50 percent on many days. Observed (recorded) streamflows at the Trenton gaging station during this time were exceptionally low, owing to comparatively large diversions of flow for public supplies, and into the Delaware and Raritan Canal. A flow-verification simulation for 3 months of the summer and fall of 1985, during which time minimum flows in the basin were comparable to those of 1966, resulted in a root mean square error of 3.3 percent for the Trenton gaging station. There was no diversion to the Delaware and Raritan Canal at the time. Simulated flows closely matched observed flows for upstream gaging stations on the Delaware River as well, thereby confirming the routing calibration for this stream.\r\n\r\n Information contained in this report can be used, with little modification, to develop routing modules for full-scale applications of the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN model to the watersheds of the studied streams.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934160","usgsCitation":"Flippo, H., and Madden, T., 1994, Calibration of a streamflow-routing model for the Delaware River and its principal tributaries in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4160, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934160.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55986,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flippo, H.N. Jr.","contributorId":96301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madden, T.M. Jr.","contributorId":41044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madden","given":"T.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38203,"text":"pp1410C - 1994 - Regional hydrology and simulation of deep ground-water flow in the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T10:17:12","indexId":"pp1410C","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1410","chapter":"C","title":"Regional hydrology and simulation of deep ground-water flow in the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"

The Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system is a coastward-sloping, wedge-shaped sand and gravel reservoir exposed in outcrop to a humid climate and drained by an extensive surface-water network. Ground-water pumpage has increased to about 765 cubic feet per second since 1900, causing water-level declines of more than 150 feet in places, while base flow to major streams has decreased about 350 cubic feet per second. The water-level declines and adjustments in recharge and discharge are not expected to seriously restrict future ground-water development.

","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1410C","usgsCitation":"Barker, R., and Pernik, M., 1994, Regional hydrology and simulation of deep ground-water flow in the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1410, p. C1-C87; 10 plates in separate case, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1410C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C87; 10 plates in separate case","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":104639,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4864.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4864"},{"id":126448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64496,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64497,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64498,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64499,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64500,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64501,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64502,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64503,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64493,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64494,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64495,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1410c/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 34.97600151317588\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -86.11083984375,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 33.119150226768866\n ],\n [\n -83.95751953125,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 33.96158628979907\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -79.5849609375,\n 34.66935854524543\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 31.55981453201843\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -81.4306640625,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -83.583984375,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -84.24316406249999,\n 30.12612436422458\n ],\n [\n -84.57275390625,\n 29.935895213372444\n ],\n [\n -85.10009765625,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -85.4296875,\n 29.668962525992505\n ],\n [\n -85.71533203125,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 30.35391637229704\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -88.4619140625,\n 30.391830328088137\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -89.89013671875,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -89.75830078125,\n 31.034108344903512\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -89.58251953125,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -89.4287109375,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 34.97600151317588\n ],\n [\n -87.60498046875,\n 34.97600151317588\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, R.A.","contributorId":28952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pernik, Maribeth","contributorId":90792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pernik","given":"Maribeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31802,"text":"ofr93659 - 1994 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, May and June 1993, and change in water level 1983-93, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T20:40:27.511693","indexId":"ofr93659","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-659","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, May and June 1993, and change in water level 1983-93, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"A map showing ground-water levels in the carbonate rocks of northern Chester County, Pa., was constructed on the basis of water levels in 51 wells measured in May and June 1993. The area studied underlies parts of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships. Water-level altitudes range from about 413 feet above sea level on Phoenixville Pike to 130 feet above sea level along Route 29.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93659","usgsCitation":"McManus, B., and Sloto, R., 1994, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, May and June 1993, and change in water level 1983-93, in the carbonate rocks in part of East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-659, 1 Plate: 28.36 × 21.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93659.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 28.36 × 21.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391359,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12792.htm"},{"id":60006,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0659/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","otherGeospatial":"East Whiteland and Charlestown Townships","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.6,\n 40.033\n ],\n [\n -75.517,\n 40.033\n ],\n [\n -75.517,\n 40.083\n ],\n [\n -75.6,\n 40.083\n ],\n [\n -75.6,\n 40.033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McManus, B. C.","contributorId":45731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44732,"text":"wri944126 - 1994 - Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:59","indexId":"wri944126","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4126","title":"Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in Carson Valley, west- central Nevada, requires a dependable municipal water source. Artificial recharge of aquifers using available flow of the Carson River is one way to increase the amount of water in underground storage and maintain a dependable ground-water supply. Ground water can be artificially recharged by routing excess surface water or, after proper treatment, routing wastewater to infiltration basins or injection wells. Withdrawal wells would remove stored water when needed. As a first step, maps showing areas in Carson Valley with high, low, moderate and unknown potential for artificial recharge were developed on the basis of the distribution of geologic units, depth to water, specific yield, infiltration rate, and location of natural recharge and discharge. For recharge by means of infiltration, areas totaling 5,700 acres have high potential, 23,900 acres have moderate potential, and 6,200 acres have low potential. For recharge through injection, areas totaling 7,800 acres have high potential and 43,500 acres have moderate potential; 23,000 acres have unknown potential because data are lacking on subsurface conditions. A ground-water-flow model was used to assess the possible results of artificial recharge. Simulations with no accompanying ground-water withdrawal show that, when recharge by injection is simulated near the valley floor, heads in the semiconfined aquifer increase over much of the valley, floor; only about 20 percent of the recharged water is stored in the aquifer after 5 years and as much as 80 percent is lost to streamflow and evapotranspiration. When recharge is simulated on the eastern side of the valley, 80 percent of the recharged water remains in storage after 5 years. When recharge is simulated near the valley floor, more water is lost to discharge than when recharge is on the eastern side of the valley. When recharge is applied for long periods without accompanying withdrawal, recharged water moves downgradient to discharge areas. The recharge water that discharges to the surface-water system could in turn replenish base flow of the Carson River and benefit downstream users.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944126","usgsCitation":"Maurer, D.K., and Peltz, L.A., 1994, Potential for, and possible effects of, artificial recharge in Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4126, 87 p.; 7 maps on 4 sheets : col. ; 37 x 27 cm., sheets 61 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944126.","productDescription":"87 p.; 7 maps on 4 sheets : col. ; 37 x 27 cm., sheets 61 x 102 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":99323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/report.pdf","size":"108","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99324,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-1.pdf","size":"5233","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99325,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-2.pdf","size":"5671","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99326,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-3.pdf","size":"6154","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99327,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/plate-4.pdf","size":"5942","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":167921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maurer, Douglas K. dkmaurer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maurer","given":"Douglas","email":"dkmaurer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Lorri A.","contributorId":29401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltz","given":"Lorri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12701,"text":"US Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":230335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44746,"text":"wri934190 - 1994 - Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Texas, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:33:21","indexId":"wri934190","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4190","title":"Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Texas, 1990","docAbstract":"

This report presents 1990 freshwater withdrawal estimates for Texas by source and category. Withdrawal source is either ground water or surface water. Withdrawal categories include: self-supplied irrigation, thermoelectric-power generation, water supply, industrial and mining, and other (domestic, commercial, livestock). Withdrawal data are aggregated by county, major aquifer, and principal river basin. Only the four major categories of irrigation, thermoelectric-power generation, water supply, and industrial and mining are illustrated in this report, although all data are tabulated.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri934190","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Lurry, D.L., 1994, Estimated freshwater withdrawals in Texas, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4190, 2 Plates: 35.00 x 24.70 inches and 35.00 x 24.63 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934190.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 35.00 x 24.70 inches and 35.00 x 24.63 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lurry, Dee L.","contributorId":10766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lurry","given":"Dee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44733,"text":"wri944129 - 1994 - Hydrogeologic characteristics of the alluvial aquifer and adjacent deposits of the Fountain Creek valley, El Paso County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"wri944129","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4129","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics of the alluvial aquifer and adjacent deposits of the Fountain Creek valley, El Paso County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The alluvial aquifer in Fountain Creek Valley between Colorado Springs and Widefield is the source for several public-supply systems. Because of the importance of this aquifer, defining aquifer boundaries, areas where underflow occurs, and where Fountain Creek is hydraulically connected to the aquifer will greatly add to the understanding of the alluvial aquifer and management of the public- supply systems. Bedrock altitude, water-table altitude for October 1991, saturated thickness for October 1991, selected hydrogeologic sections in the alluvial aquifer and adjacent deposits of the Fountain Creek Valley, and estimated underflow rates are mapped or tabulated for the area between Colorado Springs and Widefield, Colorado. Results from test drilling indicate that the bedrock surface is highly irregular and that several ridges and buried channels exist in the study area. These features affect the direction of ground-water flow on a local scale. In places, a shale ridge prevents exchange of water between Fountain Creek and the aquifer. Generally, ground water flowed toward Fountain Creek during the study (June 1991 to September 1992) in response to relatively high hydraulic heads in the aquifer and the steep gradients on the boundaries of the study area. Water levels, which were measured monthly, varied little during the study, except in areas near pumping wells or adjacent to Fountain Creek. Hydraulic-conductivity values, estimated from 30 bail tests in wells completed in the alluvial aquifer, were used to determine underflow across the saturated boundaries of the alluvial aquifer. Estimated hydraulic-conductivity values range from 1 to about 1,300 feet per day; the larger values occur in the buried channel of the alluvial aquifer and the smaller values occur near the boundaries of the saturated alluvium. Estimated underflow into the study area exceeded underflow out of the study area by about 10 times. Gain-loss investigations along Fountain Creek indicated that the creek primarily was gaining during the study.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri944129","usgsCitation":"Radell, M.J., Lewis, M.E., and Watts, K.R., 1994, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the alluvial aquifer and adjacent deposits of the Fountain Creek valley, El Paso County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4129, 3 maps and 11 cross sections on 4 sheets ; maps 58 x 61 cm., sheets 92 x 117 cm., or smaller, folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944129.","productDescription":"3 maps and 11 cross sections on 4 sheets ; maps 58 x 61 cm., sheets 92 x 117 cm., or smaller, folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82032,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4129/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82033,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4129/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82034,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4129/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82035,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4129/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.83333333333333,38.700833333333335 ], [ -104.83333333333333,38.833333333333336 ], [ -104.66666666666667,38.833333333333336 ], [ -104.66666666666667,38.700833333333335 ], [ -104.83333333333333,38.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radell, Mary Jo","contributorId":26741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radell","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, Michael E. mlewis@usgs.gov","contributorId":3849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Michael","email":"mlewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R. krwatts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"krwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28170,"text":"wri934020 - 1994 - Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri934020","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4020","title":"Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States","docAbstract":"A multiple-regression methodology was used to help answer questions concerning model reliability, and to calibrate a time-dependent variable-density ground-water flow model of the gulf coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States. More than 40 regression models with 2 to 31 regressions parameters are used and detailed results are presented for 12 of the models. More than 3,000 values for grid-element volume-averaged head and hydraulic conductivity are used for the regression model observations. Calculated prediction interval half widths, though perhaps inaccurate due to a lack of normality of the residuals, are the smallest for models with only four regression parameters. In addition, the root-mean weighted residual decreases very little with an increase in the number of regression parameters. The various models showed considerable overlap between the prediction inter- vals for shallow head and hydraulic conductivity. Approximate 95-percent prediction interval half widths for volume-averaged freshwater head exceed 108 feet; for volume-averaged base 10 logarithm hydraulic conductivity, they exceed 0.89. All of the models are unreliable for the prediction of head and ground-water flow in the deeper parts of the aquifer systems, including the amount of flow coming from the underlying geopressured zone. Truncating the domain of solution of one model to exclude that part of the system having a ground-water density greater than 1.005 grams per cubic centimeter or to exclude that part of the systems below a depth of 3,000 feet, and setting the density to that of freshwater does not appreciably change the results for head and ground-water flow, except for locations close to the truncation surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934020","usgsCitation":"Kuiper, L., 1994, Nonlinear-regression flow model of the Gulf Coast aquifer systems in the south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4020, ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934020.","productDescription":"ix, 171 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuiper, L.K.","contributorId":34557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27334,"text":"wri914051 - 1994 - Instrumentation, methods of flood-data collection and transmission, and evaluation of streamflow-gaging network in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T10:17:33","indexId":"wri914051","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4051","title":"Instrumentation, methods of flood-data collection and transmission, and evaluation of streamflow-gaging network in Indiana","docAbstract":"

Floods are the number one natural disaster in the Nation, based on loss of life and property. In Indiana, several major floods have occurred during this century. Flooding can occur at any time in any geographic area in Indiana. The degree of flooding can vary from a minor inconvenience to major flooding that results in loss of life and extensive damage. In this study, the existing streamflow-gaging networks in Indiana are evaluated on the basis of meeting flood-data needs of various governmental agencies.

\n

The study area (Indiana and adjacent areas in Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio) was divided into 12 basins and 1 urban area. Each basin and the Indianapolis area were analyzed on the basis of hydrologic characteristics, flood potential, and availability and benefits of real-time data. A set of guidelines for evaluating an existing streamflow- gaging station without telemetry was developed so quantitative comparisons could be made between stations. The guidelines include station-site characteristics of drainage area, peak discharge, population of the nearby area, and needs of government agencies for planning and flood-warning management. From the analyses, determinations were made concerning modifications or additions to the networks to improve flood-data collection and transmission. These determinations were discussed at interagency meetings to ensure agreement.

\n

The study results indicate that installation of streamflow-gaging stations at 15 new sites would improve collection of flood data. Instrumenting the 15 new sites plus 26 existing streamflow-gaging stations with telemetry, preferably data-collection platforms with satellite transmitters, would improve transmission of data to users of the information.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri914051","collaboration":"Indidana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Glatfelter, D., and Butch, G., 1994, Instrumentation, methods of flood-data collection and transmission, and evaluation of streamflow-gaging network in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4051, vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914051.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56198,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4051/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glatfelter, D.R.","contributorId":11623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glatfelter","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butch, G.K.","contributorId":63849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30575,"text":"wri944052 - 1994 - Estimation of Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Streams on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri944052","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4052","title":"Estimation of Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Streams on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"This report describes techniques for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods for the island of Oahu. The log-Pearson Type III distribution and methodology recommended by the Interagency Committee on Water Data was used to determine the magnitude and frequency of floods at 79 gaging stations that had 11 to 72 years of record. Multiple regression analysis was used to construct regression equations to transfer the magnitude and frequency information from gaged sites to ungaged sites. Oahu was divided into three hydrologic regions to define relations between peak discharge and drainage-basin and climatic characteristics. Regression equations are provided to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges at ungaged sites. Significant basin and climatic characteristics included in the regression equations are drainage area, median annual rainfall, and the 2-year, 24-hour rainfall intensity. Drainage areas for sites used in this study ranged from 0.03 to 45.7 square miles. Standard error of prediction for the regression equations ranged from 34 to 62 percent.\r\n\r\nPeak-discharge data collected through water year 1988, geographic information system (GIS) technology, and generalized least-squares regression were used in the analyses. The use of GIS seems to be a more flexible and consistent means of defining and calculating basin and climatic characteristics than using manual methods. Standard errors of estimate for the regression equations in this report are an average of 8 percent less than those published in previous studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri944052","usgsCitation":"Wong, M.F., 1994, Estimation of Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Streams on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4052, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944052.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59336,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eef26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Michael F.","contributorId":43815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29373,"text":"wri944100 - 1994 - Estimating the magnitude and frequency of low flows of streams in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri944100","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4100","title":"Estimating the magnitude and frequency of low flows of streams in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The report presents techniques used for estimating 7-day 2-year (7Q2) and 7-day 10-year (7Q10) flows at continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, partial-record stations, and ungaged sites on streams in Massachusetts. A two-parameter log-normal probability distribution was used to compute low flows at 31 continuous-record stream-flow-gaging stations. Graphical and mathematical techniques were used to estimate low flows at partial-record stations. Regional regression techniques commonly are used to estimate 7Q2 and 7Q10 flows at ungaged stream sites. The development and application of a low-flow regression model is described. The model contains two parameters, mean and standard deviation, computed from separate regression equations that use total drainage area and basin relief as independent variables. The coefficients of determination of the mean and standard deviation regression equations are 0.964 and 0.960, respec- tively; the percentage of standard error of the regression of each equation are 35 and 34, respec- tively. The model is applicable for basins in Massachusetts having a drainage area of 5 to 150 square miles, a slope of less than 4 percent, and an area of stratified drift greater than 4 percent of the total drainage area. A computer program is presented that can be used to compute 7Q2 and 7Q10 flows and the 95-percent intervals of confidence and prediction for a given basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944100","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., 1994, Estimating the magnitude and frequency of low flows of streams in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4100, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944100.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4100/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58219,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4100/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db546a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29982,"text":"wri924134 - 1994 - Hydrology of, and water quality in, the open burning area and vicinity, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1989-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T21:43:44.538972","indexId":"wri924134","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4134","title":"Hydrology of, and water quality in, the open burning area and vicinity, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1989-90","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to determine whether shallow ground water at Picatinny Arsenal Morris County, New Jersey, has been con- taminated as a result of operations at the open burning area, which is used for burning of waste explosives and materials contaminated with explosives. Results of previous investigations indicate that the soil in this area is contaminated with metals and organic compounds. Twenty-seven wells were sampled for analysis for inorganic constituents, nutrients, and explosive compounds. Selected wells also were sampled for analysis for base/neutral- and acid-extractable compounds, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and dioxin and furan compounds. Surface-water and streambed- material samples were collected at three sites in Green Pond Brook. Water-level measurements indicate that ground-water flow generally is nearly horizontal and toward Green Pond Brook. The average velocity of the ground water is estimated to be 0.03 to 1.8 feet per day. Concentrations of iron and manganese in ground-water samples from the unconfined aquifer were consistently greater than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary drinking-water regulations. Because similarly high concentrations of these constituents have been found in ground-water samples at the arsenal, they are not considered to be a consequence of activities at the open burning area. Contaminants from the open burning area appear to be contributing to elevated concentratons of lead, zinc, and explosive com- pounds found in the streambed material. Other trace element and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons probably are derived from both the open burning area and upstream sources. Volatile organic compounds were detected in surface-water samples at low concentrations, although most were found upstream from the open burning area. No inorganic or organic constituents were detected in ground-water or surface-water samples in concentrations that exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri924134","usgsCitation":"Storck, D.A., 1994, Hydrology of, and water quality in, the open burning area and vicinity, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1989-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4134, vi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924134.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411747,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47687.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Picatinny Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.575,\n 40.9292\n ],\n [\n -74.575,\n 40.9194\n ],\n [\n -74.5861,\n 40.9194\n ],\n [\n -74.5861,\n 40.9292\n ],\n [\n -74.575,\n 40.9292\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storck, D. A.","contributorId":59468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29536,"text":"wri924122 - 1994 - Contamination of shallow ground water in the area of building 95, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1985-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:23:53","indexId":"wri924122","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4122","title":"Contamination of shallow ground water in the area of building 95, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1985-90","docAbstract":"A zone of contaminated ground water at Picatinny Arsenal has resulted from the operation of a metal- plating facility in building 95 during 1960-81, and the wastewater-treatment system that is in and adjacent to the building. Thirty-two monitoring wells were installed in 1989 to supplement 12 previously installed wells. All wells were sampled in 1989 and 1990 for analysis of ground water for inorganic constituents, trace elements, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients. Four wells also were sampled for analysis for base/neutral- and acid-extractable compounds and pesticides, and soil gas from the unsaturated zone at eight sites was analyzed for volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of dissolved solids and sulfate in the study area were consistently above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking-water regulations. The areal distribution of sulfate differed from that of the volatile organic compounds. Concentrations of trace elements were not elevated downgradient from the source. The estimated average velocity of contaminant movement is 0.1 to 1.1 feet per day. The major organic contaminants identified in the study area are trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Trichloroethylene was detected in wells upgradient from the wastewater- treatment site. Tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane might originate at tanks in the basement of building 95 rather than at the adjacent wastewater-treatment system. The pre- dominant gas-phase contaminant, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, was detected at a maximum con- centration of 15.7 micrograms per liter. Both trichoroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were detected in concentrations greater than 0.10 micrograms per liter in five of the eight soil- gas samples, indicating that volatilization and diffusion through the unsaturated zone could be a significant mechanism of contaminant loss from the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri924122","usgsCitation":"Sargent, B., and Storck, D.A., 1994, Contamination of shallow ground water in the area of building 95, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1985-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4122, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924122.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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P.","contributorId":61827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"B. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storck, D. A.","contributorId":59468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31793,"text":"ofr9481 - 1994 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T20:50:05.187796","indexId":"ofr9481","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-81","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 1993","docAbstract":"A map of the September 1993 potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida depicts ground-water levels for the annual high water-level period. Water levels measured in September 1993 were generally lower than those reported for September 1992. In 572 wells with paired measurements, the September 1993 level ranged from 9.60 feet below to 4.73 feet above the September 1992 level and averaged 0.41 foot below the September 1992 level. The general decline in water levels during this period was largely the result of below normal rainfall that resulted in above average seasonal ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9481","usgsCitation":"Mularoni, R.A., 1994, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida, September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-81, 1 Plate: 26.00 × 33.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9481.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 26.00 × 33.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405053,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12452.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21530,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0081/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83,\n 26.5\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 26.5\n ],\n [\n -81.25,\n 28.25\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 28.25\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 26.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682b61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mularoni, R. A.","contributorId":76713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mularoni","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31794,"text":"ofr94253 - 1994 - Aeroradiometric maps of parts of the South Boston and Emporia 30' x 60' quadrangles, Virginia and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T20:34:26.518477","indexId":"ofr94253","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-253","title":"Aeroradiometric maps of parts of the South Boston and Emporia 30' x 60' quadrangles, Virginia and North Carolina","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94253","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, Aeroradiometric maps of parts of the South Boston and Emporia 30' x 60' quadrangles, Virginia and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-253, 8 Plates: 40.00 × 32.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94253.","productDescription":"8 Plates: 40.00 × 32.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21573,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21568,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407091,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12486.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":21571,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21570,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21569,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21575,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21572,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21574,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0253/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"South Boston and Emporia 30' x 60' quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -77.5,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 36.75\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689b6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31795,"text":"ofr94410 - 1994 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Vermont and New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T21:52:31.230577","indexId":"ofr94410","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-410","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Vermont and New Hampshire","docAbstract":"

The map area, in east-central Vermont and adjacent New Hampshire, consists of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles (Fig. 1) that together constitute the Littleton 15-minute quadrangle. The mapping is part of the effort to produce a new bedrock geologic map of Vermont through the collection of field data at a scale of 1:24,000. The focus of my part of the project is to map and interpret the \"New Hampshire sequence\" rocks (White and Jahns, 1950) that crop out in Vermont and their relationship to those of the \"Vermont sequence\", or the Connecticut Valley trough, west of the Monroe line, here a fault (Hatch, 1988a). The work is a continuation of mapping just initiated by N.L. Hatch, Jr., prior to his death in 1991. This particular map area was chosen as the place to initiate this study because it includes one of the largest areas of the New Hampshire sequence in Vermont, because it is adjacent to and on strike with the Littleton-Moosilauke area in New Hampshire that includes the type area of most of the units of the New Hampshire sequence (Billings, 1935, 1937), and because the Connecticut River here runs roughly east to west across the regional strike and might provide a good stratigraphic section across the rocks under study. The mapping showed that no bedrock is exposed along either bank of the Connecticut River across most of the area, but there are excellent exposures in the spillways of two large dams, Moore Dam on the east and Comerford Dam on the west (about 100 m west of the Lower Waterford quadrangle), along Interstate Highway 93 (1-93), and adequate exposures in the hills above the river. My mapping was mostly in the Vermont parts of the Littleton 15-minute quadrangle but included some work in the Barnett 7 1/2 x 15-minute quadrangle to the west and a zone along the New Hampshire side of the Connecticut River that included Albee Hill, Partridge Lake, Highland Croft farm, the former Fitch farm, and the outskirts of Littleton. The Vermont mapping is thus tied to the classic Littleton-Moosilauke area of Billings (1937) and the fossiliferous Fitch and Littleton Formations in their type areas.

","conferenceTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94410","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Vermont","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., 1994, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of parts of the Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, Vermont and New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-410, Report: 28 p.; 3 Plates: 31.29 x 33.48 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94410.","productDescription":"Report: 28 p.; 3 Plates: 31.29 x 33.48 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310022,"rank":303,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310021,"rank":302,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310020,"rank":301,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60004,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0410/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":397760,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19306.htm"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lower Waterford, Concord, Littleton, and Miles Pond 7 1/2-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72,\n 44.31\n ],\n [\n -71.792,\n 44.31\n ],\n [\n -71.792,\n 44.455\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 44.455\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 44.31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c99b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, Douglas W. dwrankin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"Douglas W.","email":"dwrankin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31796,"text":"ofr94444 - 1994 - Aeromagnetic map of Cape Mendocino and vicinity, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T10:34:25","indexId":"ofr94444","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-444","title":"Aeromagnetic map of Cape Mendocino and vicinity, northern California","docAbstract":"

No abstract available

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94444","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Pearson DeRidder & Johnson Inc., and Airmag Surveys, Inc., 1994, Aeromagnetic map of Cape Mendocino and vicinity, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-444, 31.00 x 28.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94444.","productDescription":"31.00 x 28.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21623,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0444/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","size":"10.78 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cape Mendocino","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125,\n 40.67\n ],\n [\n -123.17,\n 40.67\n ],\n [\n -123.17,\n 39.67\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 39.67\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 40.67\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson DeRidder & Johnson Inc.","contributorId":128049,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Pearson DeRidder & Johnson Inc.","id":646856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Airmag Surveys, Inc.","contributorId":173996,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Airmag Surveys, Inc.","id":646857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}