{"pageNumber":"1655","pageRowStart":"41350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":57217,"text":"ofr94107 - 1994 - The Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Study Unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr94107","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:51:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-107","title":"The Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Study Unit","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94107","usgsCitation":"Stackelberg, P., and Ayers, M., 1994, The Long Island-New Jersey Coastal Drainages National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Study Unit: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-107, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94107.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264323,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0107/report.pdf","size":"276","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0107/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7bbe4b08c986b321775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul","contributorId":103512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark","contributorId":46807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57216,"text":"ofr94104 - 1994 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program--The Kanawha-New River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"ofr94104","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T13:48:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-104","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program--The Kanawha-New River Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94104","usgsCitation":"Eychaner, J.H., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program--The Kanawha-New River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-104, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94104.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0104/report.pdf","size":"419","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0104/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6214e4b0c8380cd71d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eychaner, James H.","contributorId":102050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eychaner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70134518,"text":"70134518 - 1994 - 210Pb balance and implications for particle transport on the continental shelf, U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:50:15","indexId":"70134518","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<sup>210</sup>Pb balance and implications for particle transport on the continental shelf, U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight","title":"210Pb balance and implications for particle transport on the continental shelf, U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight","docAbstract":"<p>Supply of&nbsp;<sup>210</sup>Pb to the continental shelf off the northeastern United States is dominated by the deposition from the atmosphere, the rate of which is reliably known from previously published work. Excess&nbsp;<sup>210</sup>Pb inventories in the shelf sediments show accumulations that are nearly in balance with the supply, even in areas of relict sands where it is believed that no net accumulation of sediment presently occurs. The&nbsp;<sup>210</sup>Pb distributions in shelf and slope water indicate that the two-way fluid exchange at the shelf-slope front and the net transport in the alongshore flow make comparatively small contributions to the shelf&nbsp;<sup>210</sup>Pb budget. The near balance between supply and decay of&nbsp;<sup>210</sup>Pb on the shelf implies a limit to the particle export flux. It is concluded that the export of particulate organic carbon does not exceed 60 g m<sup>&minus;2</sup>&nbsp;y<sup>&minus;1</sup>&nbsp;(&sim;25% of primary production) and is probably lower. The hypothesis is advanced that fine particulate matter introduced to the continental shelf is detained in its transit of the shelf because of bioturbational trapping in the sediment due to benthic animals. Distributions of&nbsp;<sup>210</sup>Pb in suspended particulate matter and in the fine fraction of shelf sediments suggest that the average fine particle must undergo several cycles of deposition-bioturbation-resuspension-redeposition and requires a number of decades for its transit and ultimate export from the shelf. Thus, only the most refractory organic matter is likely to be exported.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0967-0645(94)90033-7","usgsCitation":"Bacon, M., Belastock, R.A., and Bothner, M., 1994, 210Pb balance and implications for particle transport on the continental shelf, U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 41, no. 2-3, p. 511-535, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(94)90033-7.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"535","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Middle Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.927734375,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.2470703125,\n              41.1455697310095\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.431640625,\n              33.32134852669881\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.927734375,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"547ee2afe4b09357f05f8a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, M.P.","contributorId":76069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bacon","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belastock, Rebecca A.","contributorId":53268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belastock","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206254,"text":"70206254 - 1994 - Detection of bedrock fractures and lithologic changes using borehole radar at selected sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T06:34:44","indexId":"70206254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T14:58:54","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detection of bedrock fractures and lithologic changes using borehole radar at selected sites","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"GPR '94: Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar","conferenceDate":"June 12-16, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Kitchener, Ontario, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research","usgsCitation":"Lane, J., Haeni, F., and Williams, J., 1994, Detection of bedrock fractures and lithologic changes using borehole radar at selected sites, <i>in</i> GPR '94: Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, June 12-16, 1994, p. 577-592.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"592","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206253,"text":"70206253 - 1994 - Surface nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to detect subsurface water at Haddam Meadows, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-29T07:21:10","indexId":"70206253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T14:47:25","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Surface nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to detect subsurface water at Haddam Meadows, Connecticut","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","conferenceDate":"March 27-31, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society","usgsCitation":"Lieblich, D., Legchenko, A., Haeni, F., and Portselan, A.A., 1994, Surface nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to detect subsurface water at Haddam Meadows, Connecticut, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Boston, MA, March 27-31, 1994, p. 717-736.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"736","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Haddam Meadows State Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.54100799560545,\n              41.46749262821855\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.48976707458496,\n              41.46749262821855\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.48976707458496,\n              41.50047815723794\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.54100799560545,\n              41.50047815723794\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.54100799560545,\n              41.46749262821855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lieblich, D.A.","contributorId":73645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieblich","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legchenko, Anatoly","contributorId":61107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legchenko","given":"Anatoly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Portselan, A. A.","contributorId":220043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portselan","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70205834,"text":"70205834 - 1994 - Contamination of ground water with trichloroethylene at the Building 24 site at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T14:15:25","indexId":"70205834","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T13:52:42","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Contamination of ground water with trichloroethylene at the Building 24 site at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water","conferenceDate":"August 30-September 1, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Denver. CO","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Martin, M., and Imbrigiotta, T.E., 1994, Contamination of ground water with trichloroethylene at the Building 24 site at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Symposium on Intrinsic Bioremediation of Ground Water, Denver. CO, August 30-September 1, 1994, p. 143-153.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=10002449.TXT"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Picatinny Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.5728349685669,\n              40.945384645226525\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.58957195281982,\n              40.92463550216608\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.57931518554688,\n              40.91542598240696\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.55888748168945,\n              40.938090767447875\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.5728349685669,\n              40.945384645226525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Mary","contributorId":7290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":152114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70203833,"text":"70203833 - 1994 - American White Pelicans at the Molly Islands, in Yellowstone National Park: Twenty-two years of boom-and-bust breeding, 1966-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-14T13:47:31","indexId":"70203833","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T13:47:06","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American White Pelicans at the Molly Islands, in Yellowstone National Park: Twenty-two years of boom-and-bust breeding, 1966-87","docAbstract":"<p><span>Systematic monitoring of nesting and fledging of American White Pelicans (<i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>) breeding on the Molly Islands In Yellowstone Lake was carried on for 20 years between 1966 and 1987. The mean number of pelicans fledged during those years was 214 (±196 SD). In five of those years the number of pelicans fledged was at or near zero. In six other years, the number of young pelicans fledged ranged from 302-650, with four of those years producing record numbers of successfully fledged young. Maximum seasonal levels of Yellowstone Lake reaching 1.6 m or more produced complete or near complete reproductive failures. Conversely, years with maximum lake levels never reaching 1.4 m were most likely to have very good to outstanding fledging success. Also, numbers of days when air temperatures of -8.8° C or colder and daily temperature minimums of -16.6° C, as well as the duration of ice cover on Yellowstone Lake were important modifiers of the numbers of pelicans fledged. Unexpected crustal deformations adjacent to and within the Yellowstone Lake basin induced flooding, representing serious geologic threats to the long-term well being of the Molly Island pelican colony. A baseline breeding population of 546 (± 183 SD) adult pelicans was calculated to have supported this Molly Island colony. Also, the percentage of population change in the computed annual life cycle for 1966-87 was +5%.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521291","usgsCitation":"Diem, K.L., and Pugesek, B.H., 1994, American White Pelicans at the Molly Islands, in Yellowstone National Park: Twenty-two years of boom-and-bust breeding, 1966-87: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 17, no. 2, p. 130-145, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521291.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"145","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Molly Islands, Yellowstone Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.27097702026366,\n              44.31193459497029\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25724411010742,\n              44.31193459497029\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25724411010742,\n              44.3170933048524\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.27097702026366,\n              44.3170933048524\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.27097702026366,\n              44.31193459497029\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diem, Kenneth L.","contributorId":216252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diem","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207754,"text":"70207754 - 1994 - Body size and condition, age, plumage quality, and foods of prenesting male cinnamon teal in relation to pair status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T12:59:52","indexId":"70207754","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T12:48:35","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body size and condition, age, plumage quality, and foods of prenesting male cinnamon teal in relation to pair status","docAbstract":"<p><span>Male-biased sex ratios in waterfowl may contribute to sexual selection and permit females to be the deciding sex in mate selection. Male characteristics potentially influencing female choice include male age, size, plumage quality, and body condition (i.e., relative body mass, fat content, or protein content). By examining characteristics of prenesting male cinammon teal (</span><i>Anas cyanoptera</i><span>) relative to their pair status we evaluated the predictions that (</span><i>i</i><span>) paired males are older and physically superior to unpaired males and (</span><i>ii</i><span>) older and physically superior males pair in advance of other males. Diets of paired and unpaired males were similar, as were body size, ingesta-free body mass, fat, breast, and leg muscle protein contents, and testis, liver, and plumage masses. Likewise, pair status was not associated with male age. Body protein content and percentage of alternate plumage were generally greater in paired than unpaired males, but for some unpaired individuals these values were higher than the mean values for paired males. Thus, we found only limited evidence to support the above hypotheses. Our data suggest a possible link between winter nutrition and male participation in reproduction. That is, characteristics which enable males, during winter, to acquire nutrients for initiating and completing the prealternate molt in advance of other males also may be associated with ability to obtain a mate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z94-290","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W.L., and Ankney, C.D., 1994, Body size and condition, age, plumage quality, and foods of prenesting male cinnamon teal in relation to pair status: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 72, no. 12, p. 2172-2176, https://doi.org/10.1139/z94-290.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2172","endPage":"2176","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley, Tulare Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.16845703125,\n              35.75765724051559\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11926269531249,\n              35.75765724051559\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.11926269531249,\n              36.379279167407965\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16845703125,\n              36.379279167407965\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.16845703125,\n              35.75765724051559\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, William L.","contributorId":73141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hohman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankney, C. Davison","contributorId":112215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Davison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205826,"text":"70205826 - 1994 - Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons:  Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T12:52:49","indexId":"70205826","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T12:47:06","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons:  Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 208th ACS National Meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"208th American Chemical Society National Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 21-26, 1994","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., Baedecker, M.J., Fischer, J., and Phinney, C., 1994, Ground-water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons:  Natural biodegradation in a dynamic hydrologic and geochemical system, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 208th ACS National Meeting, v. 34, August 21-26, 1994, p. 588-592.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"588","endPage":"592","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedecker, Mary Jo 0000-0002-4865-1043 mjbaedec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-1043","contributorId":197793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"Mary","email":"mjbaedec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":187753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phinney, C.S.","contributorId":50302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70209236,"text":"70209236 - 1994 - The scientific assessment and strategy team contributions assessing the 1993 flood on the Mississippi and Missouri River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T10:51:14","indexId":"70209236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T10:24:57","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3713,"text":"Water International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The scientific assessment and strategy team contributions assessing the 1993 flood on the Mississippi and Missouri River basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team was formed to provide scientific advice and assistance to federal officials responsible for making decisions with respect to flood recovery in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (above Cairo, Illinois) as a result of the 1993 flooding. The team assembled data from a wide variety of sources within federal, state, and local governments, and the private sector. The huge volume of data (over 250 gigabytes) made analysis of all the data difficult. The locating, obtaining, and conversion of the data were extremely difficult leading to a recommendation for an on-line source or at least an on-line listing of available data. Parts of the data were analyzed and scientific bases were establishedfor discussions concerning levee effects on flood stages, effects of wetlands on&nbsp;</span>flooding<span>, effects of man 's increased intervention in the floodplains and uplands, and proposals regarding floodways on the nations rivers. The data collected indicated that the 1993 flooding could not be attributed to man's intervention on the floodplain but to the excessive amount of rainfall in the basin. The stormpatterns thatproduced the rainfall also moved south at about the same speed as the flood waters resulting in storms later in the summer reinforcing early floods. This resulted in a very long duration flood that overwhelmed existing flood reduction measures in the portions of the basin that were flooded.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02508069408686226","usgsCitation":"Freeman, G.E., Nanda, S.K., Mausback, M.J., Erickson, R.E., Kelmelis, J.A., Stone, B.D., Kirby, W.H., and Reel, J.R., 1994, The scientific assessment and strategy team contributions assessing the 1993 flood on the Mississippi and Missouri River basins: Water International, v. 19, no. 4, p. 177-185, https://doi.org/10.1080/02508069408686226.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"185","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississppi River basin, Missouri River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.07714843749999,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.033203125,\n              33.90689555128866\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9130859375,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.03515625,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9697265625,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4208984375,\n              43.389081939117496\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.8037109375,\n              40.81380923056958\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.5615234375,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8466796875,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              43.77109381775651\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.9560546875,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              47.39834920035926\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.328125,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.39355468749999,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.986328125,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              48.83579746243093\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2470703125,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.884765625,\n              46.6795944656402\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.77539062499999,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5888671875,\n              43.26120612479979\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.732421875,\n              42.45588764197166\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.67773437499999,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.853515625,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.94140625,\n              35.28150065789119\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.513671875,\n              31.840232667909365\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.064453125,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.021484375,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.857421875,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.07714843749999,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Gary E.","contributorId":10325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanda, S. K.","contributorId":223579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nanda","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mausback, M. J.","contributorId":223580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mausback","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erickson, Ronald E.","contributorId":223581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erickson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelmelis, John A.","contributorId":65872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelmelis","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirby, William H.","contributorId":7294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reel, James R.","contributorId":223582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reel","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70189552,"text":"70189552 - 1994 - Effects of selective handling of pyritic, acid-forming materials on the chemistry of pore gas and ground water at a reclaimed surface coal mine in Clarion County, PA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T09:55:44","indexId":"70189552","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of selective handling of pyritic, acid-forming materials on the chemistry of pore gas and ground water at a reclaimed surface coal mine in Clarion County, PA, USA","docAbstract":"<p>A change from dragline to “selective handling” mining methods at a reclaimed surface coal mine in western Pennsylvania did not significantly affect concentrations of metals in ground water because oxidation of pyrite and dissolution of siderite were not abated. Throughout the mine, placement of pyritic material near the land surface facilitated the oxidation of pyrite, causing the consumption of oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and release of acid, iron, and sulfate ions. Locally in the unsaturated zone, water sampled within or near pyritic zones was acidic, with concentrations of sulfate exceeding 3,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L). However, acidic conditions generally did not persist below the water table because of neutralization by carbonate minerals. Dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and siderite in unsaturated and saturated zones produced elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese. Alkalinity concentrations of 600 to 800 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub> were common in water samples from the unsaturated zone in spoil, and alkalinities of 100 to 400 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub> were common in ground-water samples from the underlying saturated zone in spoil and bedrock. Saturation indices indicated that siderite could dissolve in water throughout the spoil, but that calcite dissolution or precipitation could occur locally. Calcite dissolution could be promoted as a result of pyrite oxidation, gypsum precipitation, and calcium ion exchange for sodium. Calcite precipitation could be promoted by evapotranspiration and siderite dissolution, and corresponding increases in concentrations of alkalinity and other solutes. Partial pressures of O<sub>2</sub> (Po<sub>2</sub>) and CO<sub>2</sub> (Pco<sub>2</sub>) in spoil pore gas indicated that oxidation of pyrite and precipitation of ferric hydroxide, coupled with dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and siderite were the primary reactions affecting water quality. Highest vertical gradients in Po<sub>2</sub>, particularly in the near-surface zone (0-1 m), did not correlate with concentrations of total sulfur in spoil. This lack of correlation could indicate that total sulfur concentrations in spoil do not reflect the amount of reactive pyrite or that oxidation rates can be controlled more by rates of O<sub>2</sub> diffusion than the amount of pyrite. Hence, if placed in O<sub>2</sub>-rich zones near the land surface, even small amounts of disseminated pyritic material can be relatively significant sources of acid and mineralized water. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":" International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA","conferenceDate":"April 24-29, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., Dugas, D.L., Brady, K., and Kovalchuck, T.E., 1994, Effects of selective handling of pyritic, acid-forming materials on the chemistry of pore gas and ground water at a reclaimed surface coal mine in Clarion County, PA, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, PA, v. 2, Harrisburg, PA, April 24-29, 1994, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Clarion 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,{"id":70189551,"text":"70189551 - 1994 - Geochemical and geohydrological characteristics of bedrock and spol from two methods of mining at a reclaimed surface coal mine, Clarion County, PA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T11:07:57","indexId":"70189551","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical and geohydrological characteristics of bedrock and spol from two methods of mining at a reclaimed surface coal mine, Clarion County, PA, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Two methods of mining caused subtle differences in geochemical and geohydrological characteristics of spoil at a reclaimed surface coal mine in western Pennsylvania. A dragline was used in the southern area of the mine, and bulldozers and front-end loaders were used in the northern area. Mining methods used in the intervening, middle area are uncertain. In general, overburden at the mine consisted of sideritic gray shale and siltstone. Calcareous zones were laterally discontinuous. However, a 1.2-m thick stratum of pyritic shale above the mined coal was laterally continuous and had total sulfur (S) concentrations &gt;2.5 weight percent (wt %). Regardless of mining methods, pyritic material in backfill is inverted relative to its stratigraphic sequence in bedrock. Where bulldozers and front-end loaders were used, the pyritic shale was selectively handled and buried in compacted layers above the water table, and only low-S (&lt;0.2 wt%) material was buried near the pit floor. Where the dragline was used, high-S (<span>≥.5 wt %) material was placed near the surface, but above intermediate-S material. In the middle area, where middle mining methods are uncertain, high-S material was randomly distributed, ear the surface and on the pit floor, within the zone of water-table fluctuation. In the northern and middle areas, mass-weighted average S in spoil was comparable to that in premining bedrock. In contrast, average neutralization potential of spoil was about one-third of that of premining bedrock, possibly because of preferential weathering of carbonates in shallow bedrock (premining) or spoil. Despite differences in mining methods, hydraulic conductivities for spoil were similar among the northern, middle, and southern areas, ranging from 10<sup>-8.2</sup> to 10<sup>-3.0</sup> meters per second (m/s), with median hydraulic conductivities from 10<sup>-3.8</sup> to 10<sup>-3.6</sup> m/s. Hydraulic conductivities for spoil were not always greater than those for underlying bedrock.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":" International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage","conferenceDate":"April 24-29, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Mines","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, C.A., Brady, K., Gustafson-Minnich, L.C., and DiMatteo, M.R., 1994, Geochemical and geohydrological characteristics of bedrock and spol from two methods of mining at a reclaimed surface coal mine, Clarion County, PA, USA, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and the Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, v. 2, Harrisburg, PA, April 24-29, 1994, p. 242-249.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Clarion 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III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, Keith","contributorId":92764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gustafson-Minnich, Linda C.","contributorId":32956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson-Minnich","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiMatteo, Michael R.","contributorId":194704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DiMatteo","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193470,"text":"70193470 - 1994 - Separation of selenium species released from Se-exposed algae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T14:59:29","indexId":"70193470","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Separation of selenium species released from Se-exposed algae","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have assessed a fractionation scheme for selenium species that separates Se-containing amino acids and other organoselenium compounds in aqueous samples. We investigated the retention of standard solutions of selenate (Se</span><sup>+6</sup><span>), selenite (Se</span><sup>+4</sup><span>), and selenomethionine (Se</span><sup>−2</sup><span>) by fractionation media (Sephadex A-25 ion-exchange resin, copper-treated Chelex-100 ligand-exchange resin, and activated charcoal) and by several types of membrane filters. The fractionation method successfully isolated Se from the standard solutions into appropriate fractions for radiometric quantitation of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>75</sup><span>Se. However, some filter media retained unacceptably large amounts of selenate and selenite. Mass balance microcosms were inoculated with green algae (</span><i><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Chlamydomonas</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Chlamydomonas</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math class=&quot;math&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>reinhardtii</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">reinhardtii</span></span></i><span>) previously exposed to inorganic<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>75</sup><span>Se, and the fractionation scheme was used to examine the release of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>75</sup><span>Se species into water and air. The results of the microcosm exposure indicate that seasonal blooms and crashes of phytoplankton populations may produce increased concentrations of organoselenium species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(94)90045-0","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Huckins, J.N., and Clark, R.C., 1994, Separation of selenium species released from Se-exposed algae: Chemosphere, v. 29, no. 4, p. 771-780, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90045-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fadd2ce4b0531197b13d36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":719153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Randal C. rcclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Randal","email":"rcclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":719154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193469,"text":"70193469 - 1994 - Physiological changes and tissue metal accumulation in rainbow trout exposed to foodborne and waterborne metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T14:53:09","indexId":"70193469","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological changes and tissue metal accumulation in rainbow trout exposed to foodborne and waterborne metals","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sublethal physiological effects and metal residue accumulation in tissues were measured in adult and juvenile rainbow trout fed a metal-contaminated diet and/or exposed to waterborne metals for 21 d. The consumption of metal-contaminated invertebrates from the Clark Fork River, Montana, significantly affected scale loss and metal accumulation in gut tissue of adult trout. Survival, scale loss, and metal accumulation in gill and kidney tissue were affected by exposure to a waterborne mixture of Cd, Cu, and Pb at twice the acceptable levels and Zn at the maximum acceptable level established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for protection of aquatic wildlife. A combination of dietary and waterborne metals also caused lipid peroxidation in the kidney of adult fish and decreased whole-body potassium of juvenile trout. In general, metal accumulation in tissues was higher in gill and kidney with waterborne exposures and was higher in stomach and pyloric caeca with dietary exposure. And metal concentrations in juvenile whole-body tissues accumulated significantly with a combination of waterborne and dietary metals. Although some physiological changes were noted (scale loss, lipid peroxidation of kidney), an exposure time longer than 21 d is probably needed to observe more extensive physiological changes. Regardless, results from this study suggest that a full assessment of metal exposure to fish populations in natural systems must include evaluation of dietary as well as waterborne metal contamination.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131215","usgsCitation":"Farag, A.M., Boese, C.J., Bergman, H.L., and Woodward, D.F., 1994, Physiological changes and tissue metal accumulation in rainbow trout exposed to foodborne and waterborne metals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 2021-2029, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131215.","productDescription":"9","startPage":"2021","endPage":"2029","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131215","text":"Publisher Index 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F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017391,"text":"70017391 - 1994 - Laboratory simulation of hydrothermal petroleum formation from sediment in Escanaba Trough, offshore from northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T17:04:56.243281","indexId":"70017391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory simulation of hydrothermal petroleum formation from sediment in Escanaba Trough, offshore from northern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Petroleum associated with sulfide-rich sediment is present in Escanaba Trough at the southern end of the Gorda Ridge spreading axis offshore from northern California within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the U.S. This location and occurrence are important for evaluation of the mineral and energy resource potential of the seafloor under U.S. jurisdiction. In Escanaba Trough, petroleum is believed to be formed by hydrothermal processes acting on mainly terrigenous organic material in Quaternary, river-derived sediment. To attempt to simulate these processes in the laboratory, portions of a Pleistocene gray-green mud, obtained from ∼ 1.5 m below the seafloor at a water depth of ∼ 3250 m in Escanaba Trough, were heated in the presence of water in four hydrous-pyrolysis experiments conducted at temperatures ranging from 250 to 350°C and at a pressure of 350 bar for 1.0–4.5 days. Distributions of&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>-alkanes, isoprenoid hydrocarbons, triterpanes, and steranes in the heated samples were compared with those in a sample of hydrothermal petroleum from the same area. Mud samples heated for less than 4.5 days at less than 350°C show changes in some, but not all, molecular marker ratios of organic compounds that are consistent with those expected during hydrothermal petroleum formation. Our results suggest that the organic matter in this type of sediment serves as one possible source for some of the compounds found in the hydrothermal petroleum.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(94)90030-2","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K.A., Rapp, J., Hostettler, F.D., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1994, Laboratory simulation of hydrothermal petroleum formation from sediment in Escanaba Trough, offshore from northern California: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, no. 6, p. 935-945, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(94)90030-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"935","endPage":"945","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Escanaba Trough, offshore from northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -129.9551568342388,\n              42.10484697877368\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.9551568342388,\n              40.363837398159575\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1586199301307,\n              40.363837398159575\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1586199301307,\n              42.10484697877368\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.9551568342388,\n              42.10484697877368\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4116e4b0c8380cd652ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rapp, John B.","contributorId":32028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70231437,"text":"70231437 - 1994 - Interstadial climatic cycles: A link between western North America and Greenland?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:41:38.219254","indexId":"70231437","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T11:33:25","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstadial climatic cycles: A link between western North America and Greenland?","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the interval 33.6 to 26.1 ka, Searles Lake in southeastern California went through six major cycles of expansion and contraction. A comparison of U/Th ages for these events with the chronologies for quasi-cyclic interstadial episodes in the ice core from Summit, Greenland, suggests that the episodes of low water at Searles Lake are synchronous with the interstadial episodes at Summit. The two phenomena may be linked by variations in the strength of the global hydrological cycle, driven by oscillations in the Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022%3C1115:ICCALB%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Phillips, F., Campbell, A.R., Smith, G., and Bischoff, J.L., 1994, Interstadial climatic cycles: A link between western North America and Greenland?: Geology, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1115-1118, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022%3C1115:ICCALB%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1118","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greenland, United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92199707031249,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92199707031249,\n              36.752089156946326\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              36.752089156946326\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5369873046875,\n              35.47632833265728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.2734375,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.2734375,\n              78.31385955743478\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              78.31385955743478\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              75.73730278940474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Fred M.","contributorId":269402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Fred M.","affiliations":[{"id":34868,"text":"New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Andrew R.","contributorId":291589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":57096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70129369,"text":"70129369 - 1994 - Analysis of ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data of frozen lakes in northern Montana and implications for climate studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T16:02:20","indexId":"70129369","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T11:27:27","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data of frozen lakes in northern Montana and implications for climate studies","docAbstract":"<p>Lakes that freeze each winter are good indicators of regional climate change if key parameters, such as freeze-up and breakup date and maximum ice thickness, are measured over a decade-scale time frame. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data have proven to be especially useful for measurement of climatologically significant parameters characteristic of frozen lakes. In this paper, five lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana, have been studied both in the field and using Earth Remote-Sensing Satellite (ERS) 1 SAR data during the 1992-1993 winter. The lakes are characterized by clear ice, sometimes with tubular or rounded bubbles, and often with a layer of snow ice on top of the clear ice. They are also often snow covered. Freeze-up is detected quite easily using ERS 1 SAR data as soon as a thin layer of ice forms. The effect of snow ice on the backscatter is thought to be significant but is, as yet, undetermined. On the five lakes studied, relative backscatter was found to increase with ice thickness until a maximum was reached in February. Breakup, an often ill-defined occurrence, is difficult to detect because surface water causes the SAR signal to be absorbed, thus masking the ice below. Comparison of the bubble structure of thaw lakes in northern Alaska with lakes in northern Montana has shown that the ice structure is quite different, and this difference may contribute to differential SAR signature evolution in the lakes of the two areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"William Byrd Press for John Hopkins Press","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/94JC01391","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.K., Fagre, D.B., Klasner, F., Linebaugh, G., and Liston, G.E., 1994, Analysis of ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar data of frozen lakes in northern Montana and implications for climate studies: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. C11, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01391.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JC01391"}],"volume":"99","issue":"C11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775a2e4b0f888a81b82f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":67436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klasner, Fritz","contributorId":95410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"Fritz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Linebaugh, Gregg","contributorId":73944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linebaugh","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liston, Glen E.","contributorId":26244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70129527,"text":"70129527 - 1994 - Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) under laboratory conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T15:36:11","indexId":"70129527","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T10:05:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (<i>Xyrauchen texanus</i>) under laboratory conditions","title":"Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) under laboratory conditions","docAbstract":"High larval mortality has plagued efforts to raise razorback suckers (<i>Xyrauchen texanus</i>) in a Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada backwater. Observations indicate odonate nymph densities may be high enough to impact larval survival. In laboratory tests conducted in aquaria, damselfly (Coenagrionidae: <i>Enallagma</i> sp.) and dragonfly (Libellulidae: <i>Tramea</i> sp.) nymphs consumed 81% and 76% respectively of 11.8 ± 0.7 mm total length larval razorbacks in 7 days compared to 12% mortality in controls. Larger razorback larvae (14 to 15 mm TL) were less susceptible than smaller fish, showing 53% mortality versus 18% in controls. Extensive growth of sago pondweed (<i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i>) may exacerbate predation effects in the backwater, by allowing odonates access to more of the water column.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","usgsCitation":"Horn, M.J., Marsh, P.C., Mueller, G., and Burke, T., 1994, Predation by odonate nymphs on larval razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) under laboratory conditions: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 39, no. 4, p. 371-374.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544a18fae4b04d2014abfb5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, Michael J.","contributorId":80600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Paul C.","contributorId":29756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Gordon","contributorId":96205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burke, Tom","contributorId":94995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178155,"text":"70178155 - 1994 - Characterization of ecological risks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:26:09.244522","indexId":"70178155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of ecological risks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>A comprehensive field and laboratory approach to the ecological risk assessment for the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Site, a Superfund site in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, has been described in the preceding reports of this series. The risk assessment addresses concerns over the ecological impacts of upstream releases of mining wastes to fisheries of the upper Clark Fork River (CFR) and the benthic and terrestrial habitats further downstream in Milltown Reservoir. The risk characterization component of the process integrated results from a triad of information sources: (a) chemistry studies of environmental media to identify and quantify exposures of terrestrial and aquatic organisms to site-related contaminants; (b) ecological or population studies of terrestrial vegetation, birds, benthic communities, and fish; and (c) in situ and laboratory toxicity studies with terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and plants, small mammals, amphibians, and fish exposed to contaminated surface water, sediments, wetland soils, and food sources. Trophic transfer studies were performed on waterfowl, mammals, and predatory birds using field measurement data on metals concentrations in environmental media and lower trophic food sources. Studies with sediment exposures were incorporated into the Sediment Quality Triad approach to evaluate risks to benthic ecology. Overall results of the wetland and terrestrial studies suggested that acute adverse biological effects were largely absent from the wetland; however, adverse effects to reproductive, growth, and physiological end points of various terrestrial and aquatic species were related to metals exposures in more highly contaminated depositional areas. Feeding studies with contaminated diet collected from the upper CFR indicated that trout are at high risk from elevated metals concentrations in surface water, sediment, and aquatic invertebrates. Integration of chemical analyses with toxicological and ecological evaluations of metal effects on the wetland and fishery has provided an important foundation for environmental decisions at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131217","usgsCitation":"Pascoe, G.A., Blanchet, R.J., Linder, G.L., Palawski, D., Brumbaugh, W.G., Canfield, T.J., Kemble, N.E., Ingersoll, C.G., Farag, A.M., and DalSoglio, J.A., 1994, Characterization of ecological risks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River Sediments Superfund Site, Montana: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 2043-2058, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131217.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2043","endPage":"2058","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131217","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Milltown Reservoir‐Clark Fork River Sediments Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.89843940734862,\n              46.8662943650293\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.88453483581543,\n              46.8662943650293\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.88453483581543,\n              46.874978704351086\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.89843940734862,\n              46.874978704351086\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.89843940734862,\n              46.8662943650293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascoe, Gary A.","contributorId":176662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascoe","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchet, Richard J.","contributorId":176663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanchet","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palawski, Don","contributorId":176664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palawski","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Canfield, Tim J.","contributorId":176665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canfield","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kemble, Nile E. 0000-0002-3608-0538 nkemble@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-0538","contributorId":2626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"Nile","email":"nkemble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ingersoll, Chris G.","contributorId":48008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"DalSoglio, Julie A.","contributorId":150714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DalSoglio","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70189445,"text":"70189445 - 1994 - A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration; preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T17:23:07.491229","indexId":"70189445","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration; preface","docAbstract":"<p>NEPTUNE or Pluto? Since the days of Hutton and Werner, every generation of economic geologists has addressed this question in a new light. Most papers in this special issue deal with the thin and leaky roof of Pluto's underworld. It allows hot emanations from Hades to leak out, only to be quenched and diluted by waters percolating down from Neptune's realm.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1661","usgsCitation":"1994, A special issue on volcanic centers as targets for mineral exploration; preface: Economic Geology, v. 89, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.8.1661.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1661","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a5e4b0d1f9f05f5a0b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elston, Wolfgang E.","contributorId":194553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elston","given":"Wolfgang","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704611,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185710,"text":"70185710 - 1994 - Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T10:15:11","indexId":"70185710","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions ","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time histories of riverine water discharge, nitrate concentration, and nitrate, flux have been analyzed for the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers. Results indicate that water discharge variability is dominated by the annual cycle and shorter-time-scale episodic events presumably associated with snowmelt runoff and spring or summer rains. Interannual variability in water discharge is relatively small compared to the above. In contrast, nitrate concentration exhibits strongest variability at decadal time scales. The interannual variability is not monotonic but more complicated in structure. Weak covariability between water discharge and nitrate concentration leads to a relatively “noisy” nitrate flux signal. Nitrate flux variations exhibit a low-amplitude, long-term modulation of a dominant annual cycle. Predictor-hindcastor analyses indicate that skilled forecasts of nitrate concentration and nitrate flux fields are feasible. Water discharge was the most reliably hindcast (on seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the fundamental strength of the annual hydrologic cycle. However, the forecasting effort for this variable was less successful than the hindcasting effort, mostly due to a phase shift in the annual cycle during our relatively short test period (18 mo). Nitrate concentration was more skillfully predicted (seasonal to interannual time scales) due to the relative dominance of the decadal-scale portion of the signal. Nitrate flux was also skillfully forecast even though historical analyses seemed to indicate that it should be more difficult to predict than either water discharge or nitrate concentration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","doi":"10.2307/1352746","usgsCitation":"Bratkovich, A., Dinnel, S., and Goolsby, D.A., 1994, Variability and prediction of freshwater and nitrate fluxes for the Louisiana-Texas shelf: Mississippi and Atchafalaya River source functions : Estuaries, v. 17, no. 4, p. 766-778, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352746.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7636e4b0ee37af29e4cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratkovich, A.","contributorId":189926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bratkovich","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinnel, S.P.","contributorId":189927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinnel","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185724,"text":"70185724 - 1994 - Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water by enzyme immunoassay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T10:52:14","indexId":"70185724","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1564,"text":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water by enzyme immunoassay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainwater and surface water from four sites in Germany (Bavaria and Lower Saxony) were analyzed for atrazine by enzyme immunoassay from June 1990 until October 1992. The limit of quantification of the immunoassay was 0.02 μg/L with a middle of the test at 0.2 μg/L. About 60 % of the samples contained measurable amounts of atrazine. Seasonal trends were observed, with the highest concentration in the summer months of up to 4 μg/L for rainwater and up to 15 μg/L for surface waters. The highest concentrations were found in agricultural areas, while in the investigated national parks up to 0.56 μg/L could be detected in rain water. This points to long-range atmospheric transport from agricultural areas to pristine national parks. Samples from forest stands usually showed higher atrazine concentrations than samples from open fields. Deposition rates of 10 – 50 μg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> · yr were observed in the national parks and 10–180 μg/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> · yr at the agricultural sites. Comparison of results obtained by enzyme immunoassay and GC/MS showed a good correlation of r = 0.95.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecomed Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02986530","usgsCitation":"Dankwardt, A., Wust, S., Elling, W., Thurman, E.M., and Hock, B., 1994, Determination of atrazine in rainfall and surface water by enzyme immunoassay: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 1, no. 4, p. 196-204, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986530.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"196","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7636e4b0ee37af29e4ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dankwardt, Andrea","contributorId":189943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dankwardt","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wust, Susanne","contributorId":189944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wust","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elling, Wolfram","contributorId":189945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elling","given":"Wolfram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hock, Bertold","contributorId":189946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hock","given":"Bertold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180398,"text":"70180398 - 1994 - Neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:30:20.743018","indexId":"70180398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus that causes an acute disease in salmon and trout. In this study, a correlation between changes in tissue tropism and specific changes in the virus genome appeared to be made by examining four IHNV neutralization-resistant variants (RB-1, RB-2, RB-3, and RB-4) that had been selected with the glycoprotein (G)-specific monoclonal antibody RB/B5. These variants were compared with the parental strain (RB-76) for their virulence and pathogenicity in rainbow trout after waterborne challenge. Variants RB-2, RB-3, and RB-4 were only slightly attenuated and showed distributions of viral antigen in the livers and hematopoietic tissues of infected fish similar to those of the parental strain. Variant RB-1, however, was highly attenuated and the tissue distribution of viral antigen in RB-1-infected fish was markedly different, with more viral antigen in brain tissue. The sequences of the G genes of all four variants and RB-76 were determined. No significant changes were found for the slightly attenuated variants, but RB-1 G had two changes at amino acids 78 and 218 that dramatically altered its predicted secondary structure. These changes are thought to be responsible for the altered tissue tropism of the virus. Thus, IHNV G, like that of rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, plays an integral part in the pathogenesis of viral infection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/jvi.68.12.8447-8453.1994","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Winton, J., and Leong, J., 1994, Neutralization-resistant variants of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus have altered virulence and tissue tropism: Journal of Virology, v. 68, no. 12, p. 8447-8453, https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.12.8447-8453.1994.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8447","endPage":"8453","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.68.12.8447-8453.1994","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef6e4b072a7ac0cad65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.H.","contributorId":102232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leong, J.C.","contributorId":152183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leong","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25665,"text":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":661558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178158,"text":"70178158 - 1994 - Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T10:47:06","indexId":"70178158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The upper Clark Fork River basin in western Montana is widely contaminated by metals from past mining, milling, and smelting activities As part of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment for the upper Clark Fork River, we measured physical and chemical characteristics of surficial sediment samples that were collected from depositional zones for subsequent toxicity evaluations Sampling stations included five locations along the upper 200 km of the river, six locations in or near Milltown Reservoir (about 205 km from the river origin), and two tributary reference sites Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn decreased from the upper stations to the downstream stations in the Clark Fork River but then increased in all Milltown Reservoir stations to levels similar to uppermost river stations Large percentages (50 to 90%) of the total Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were extractable by dilute (3 n) HCl for all samples Copper and zinc accounted for greater than 95% of extractable metals on a molar basis Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations were typically moderate (0 6 to 23 μmol/g) in grab sediment samples and appeared to regulate dissolved (filterable) concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in sediment pore waters Acid volatile sulfide is important in controlling metal solubility in the depositional areas of the Clark Fork River and should be monitored in any future studies Spatial variability within a sampling station was high for Cu, Zn, and AVS, therefore, the potential for toxicity to sediment dwelling organisms may be highly localized.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620131211","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Ingersoll, C., Kemble, N., May, T., and Zajicek, J., 1994, Chemical characterization of sediments and pore water from the upper Clark Fork River and Milltown Reservoir, Montana: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 12, p. 1971-1983, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131211.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1971","endPage":"1983","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620131211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":121189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zajicek, J.L.","contributorId":87086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185389,"text":"70185389 - 1994 - Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-27T10:26:20","indexId":"70185389","displayToPublicDate":"1994-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge","docAbstract":"<p><span>We demonstrate that for losing reaches with significant diurnal variations in stream temperature, the effect of stream temperature on streambed seepage is a major factor contributing to reduced afternoon streamflows. An explanation is based on the effect of stream temperature on the hydraulic conductivity of the streambed, which can be expected to double in the 0° to 25°C temperature range. Results are presented for field experiments in which stream discharge and temperature were continuously measured for several days over losing reaches at St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, and Tijeras Arroyo, New Mexico. At St. Kevin Gulch in July 1991, the diurnal stream temperature in the 160-m study reach ranged from about 4° to 18°C, discharges ranged from 10 to 18 L/s, and streamflow loss in the study reach ranged from 2.7 to 3.7 L/s. On the basis of measured stream temperature variations, the predicted change in conductivity was about 38%; the measured change in stream loss was about 26%, suggesting that streambed temperature varied less than the stream temperature. At Tijeras Arroyo in May 1992, diurnal stream temperature in the 655-m study reach ranged from about 10° to 25°C and discharge ranged from 25 to 55 L/s. Streamflow loss was converted to infiltration rates by factoring in the changing stream reach surface area and streamflow losses due to evaporation rates as measured in a hemispherical evaporation chamber. Infiltration rates ranged from about 0.7 to 2.0 m/d, depending on time and location. Based on measured stream temperature variations, the predicted change in conductivity was 29%; the measured change in infiltration was also about 27%. This suggests that high infiltration rates cause rapid convection of heat to the streambed. Evapotranspiration losses were estimated for the reach and adjacent flood plain within the arroyo. On the basis of these estimates, only about 5% of flow loss was consumed via stream evaporation and stream-side evapotranspiration, indicating that 95% of the loss within the study reach represented groundwater recharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR01968","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Thomas, C.L., and Zellweger, G.W., 1994, Influence of diurnal variations in stream temperature on streamflow loss and groundwater recharge: Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3253-3264, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR01968.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3253","endPage":"3264","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b96e4b0236b68f82956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}