{"pageNumber":"1660","pageRowStart":"41475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70189922,"text":"70189922 - 2012 - Measuring gravel transport and dispersion in a mountain river using passive radio tracers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-31T15:13:29","indexId":"70189922","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring gravel transport and dispersion in a mountain river using passive radio tracers","docAbstract":"Random walk models of fluvial sediment transport recognize that grains move intermittently, with short duration steps separated by rests that are comparatively long. These models are built upon the probability distributions of the step length and the resting time. Motivated by these models, tracer experiments have attempted to measure directly the steps and rests of sediment grains in natural streams. This paper describes results from a large tracer experiment designed to test stochastic transport models. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to label 893 coarse gravel clasts and placed them in Halfmoon Creek, a small alpine stream near Leadville, Colorado, USA. The PIT tags allow us to locate and identify tracers without picking them up or digging them out of the streambed. They also enable us to find a very high percentage of our rocks, 98% after three years and 96% after the fourth year. We use the annual tracer displacement to test two stochastic transport models, the Einstein–Hubbell–Sayre (EHS) model and the Yang–Sayre gamma-exponential model (GEM). We find that the GEM is a better fit to the observations, particularly for slower moving tracers and suggest that the strength of the GEM is that the gamma distribution of step lengths approximates a compound Poisson distribution. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/esp.3223","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.N., and Tucker, G.E., 2012, Measuring gravel transport and dispersion in a mountain river using passive radio tracers: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 37, no. 10, p. 1034-1045, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3223.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1034","endPage":"1045","ipdsId":"IP-035004","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3223","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":344476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.36173248291014,\n              39.205787731546465\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.38224601745605,\n              39.20246222588238\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.40790939331055,\n              39.1552230561961\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.43546104431152,\n              39.150597234813176\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.43405556678772,\n              39.14934088909021\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4276933670044,\n              39.150023145841686\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.41937851905823,\n              39.15108811877022\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.40532374382019,\n              39.153442650148996\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.39857530593872,\n              39.157668961140445\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.39424085617065,\n              39.1622111304562\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.37977838516234,\n              39.188742850857885\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.36173248291014,\n              39.205787731546465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5980419ee4b0a38ca2789388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, D. N.","contributorId":195334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, G. E.","contributorId":195335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037737,"text":"sir20115205 - 2012 - Comparison of index velocity measurements made with a horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20115205","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5205","title":"Comparison of index velocity measurements made with a horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler","docAbstract":"The State of Illinois' annual withdrawal from Lake Michigan is limited by a U.S. Supreme Court decree, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is responsible for monitoring flows in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) near Lemont, Illinois as a part of the Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting overseen by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District. Every 5 years, a technical review committee consisting of practicing engineers and academics is convened to review the U.S. Geological Survey's streamgage practices in the CSSC near Lemont, Illinois. The sixth technical review committee raised a number of questions concerning the flows and streamgage practices in the CSSC near Lemont and this report provides answers to many of those questions. In addition, it is the purpose of this report to examine the index velocity meters in use at Lemont and determine whether the acoustic velocity meter (AVM), which is now the primary index velocity meter, can be replaced by the horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler (H-ADCP), which is currently the backup meter. Application of the AVM and H-ADCP to index velocity measurements in the CSSC near Lemont, Illinois, has produced good ratings to date. The site is well suited to index velocity measurements in spite of the large range of velocities and highly unsteady flows at the site. Flow variability arises from a range of sources: operation of the waterway through control structures, lockage-generated disturbances, commercial and recreational traffic, industrial withdrawals and discharges, natural inflows, seiches, and storm events. The influences of these factors on the index velocity measurements at Lemont is examined in detail in this report. Results of detailed data comparisons and flow analyses show that use of bank-mounted instrumentation such as the AVM and H-ADCP appears to be the best option for index velocity measurement in the CSSC near Lemont. Comparison of the rating curves for the AVM and H-ADCP demonstrates that the H-ADCP is a suitable replacement for the AVM as the primary index velocity meter in the CSSC near Lemont. A key component to Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting is the USGS gaging station on the CSSC near Lemont, Illinois. The importance of this gaging station in monitoring withdrawals from Lake Michigan has made it one of the most highly scrutinized gaging stations in the country. Any changes in streamgaging practices at this gaging station requires detailed analysis to ensure the change will not adversely affect the ability of the USGS to accurately monitor flows. This report provides a detailed analysis of the flow structure and index velocity measurements in the CSSC near Lemont, Illinois, to ensure that decisions regarding the future of this streamgage are made with the best possible understanding of the site and the characteristics of the flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115205","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chicago District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Jackson, P., Johnson, K.K., and Duncker, J.J., 2012, Comparison of index velocity measurements made with a horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5205, vii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115205.","productDescription":"vii, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246622,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":246625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5205.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Projection","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","county":"Cook County;Du Page County;Will County","city":"Chicago;Lemont","otherGeospatial":"Des Plaines River;Calumet Sag Channel;Calumet River;Chicago Sanitary And Ship Canal","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.25,41.25111111111111 ], [ -88.25,42.25 ], [ -87.5,42.25 ], [ -87.5,41.25111111111111 ], [ -88.25,41.25111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f86ce4b0c8380cd4d0c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin K. 0000-0003-2703-5994 johnsonk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5994","contributorId":4220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","email":"johnsonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037736,"text":"ofr20121019 - 2012 - Streamflow and water-quality monitoring in response to young-of-year smallmouth bass (<i>micropterus dolomieu</i>) mortality in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries, with comparisons to the Delaware and Allegheny Rivers, Pennsylvania, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:15:51","indexId":"ofr20121019","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1019","title":"Streamflow and water-quality monitoring in response to young-of-year smallmouth bass (<i>micropterus dolomieu</i>) mortality in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries, with comparisons to the Delaware and Allegheny Rivers, Pennsylvania, 2008-10","docAbstract":"<p>Since 2005, spring hatched young-of-year (YOY) smallmouth bass in Pennsylvania reaches of the Susquehanna River have experienced above-normal mortality when summertime streamflows are near or lower than normal. Stress factors include, but are not limited to, low dissolved oxygen and elevated water temperatures during times critical for survival and development (critical period is May 1 through July 31). At this time (2010), widespread disease and mortality are believed to be more prevalent for YOY smallmouth bass in the Susquehanna River Basin than in the Delaware or Allegheny River&nbsp;Basins.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 2008 to investigate water temperature and dissolved oxygen as possible stressors to the YOY smallmouth bass. Monitoring began in 2008 and continued in 2009 and 2010 in selected reaches. Continuous (30-minute intervals) measurements of dissolved oxygen, water temperature, pH, and specific conductance were made during all or parts of the study at stations including, but not limited to, the Delaware River at Trenton, N.J. (station C1), Susquehanna River at Clemson Island (station C4), Juniata River at Newport, Pa. (station C5), Juniata River at Howe Township Park (station C6), Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa. (station C8), and Allegheny River at Acmetonia, Pa. (station C10). At stations C1, C5, and C8, streamflow data also were collected. Streamflow data were not collected at stations C4, C6, and C10; therefore, data from nearby streamgages on the Susquehanna River at Sunbury, Pa. (station N8), the Juniata River at Newport, Pa (station C5), and the Allegheny River at Natrona, Pa. (station C9), were used to represent flow conditions at these&nbsp;stations.</p>\n<p>Streamflow during the critical period of each year influenced dissolved-oxygen concentrations and water temperature, and was associated with the incidence of disease in YOY smallmouth bass. During the critical period of 2009, station C8 had a median daily streamflow of 26,300 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s), approximately two times higher than for the critical periods in 2008 and 2010. Diseased YOY smallmouth bass were captured at only 3 sites in 2009 but 19 sites in 2008 and 28 sites in&nbsp;2010.</p>\n<p>During relatively low streamflow in the critical periods of 2008 and 2010, dissolved-oxygen concentrations also were lower (more stressful to aquatic life) than in 2009. During the critical period, median daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations in main-channel habitat of the Susquehanna River at station C8 were lower in 2008 and 2010 by 1.2 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and 1.5&nbsp;mg/L, respectively, in comparison to the median daily minimum concentrations in 2009. Despite the year-to-year differences in dissolved oxygen, results of a comparison of data for station C8 from each year of the study period with historical data from 1974&ndash;79 indicate daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations in all 3 years of the study were significantly lower than those from the historical dataset (p-values less than 0.05). Although lower streamflows for critical periods of 2008&ndash;10 may help explain statistical differences in dissolved oxygen between the two time periods, other factors such as long-term streamwater warming trends also may play a&nbsp;role.</p>\n<p>Median daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration in the microhabitat of the Susquehanna River at Clemson Island (station C4) was 1.6 mg/L lower in 2008 than 2009. No data were collected at station C4 in 2010. For the microhabitat of the Juniata River near Howe Township Park (station C6), median daily minimum dissolved-oxygen concentrations were about 0.6&nbsp;mg/L lower in 2008 than in 2010. At station C6, no data were collected in&nbsp;2009.</p>\n<p>Nighttime concentrations of dissolved oxygen in microhabitats at stations C4 and C6 were at times lower than the 5.0-mg/L criterion established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for early life stages of warm-water fish. The most frequent occurrence of dissolved oxygen less than 5.0&nbsp;mg/L was at station C4 (31 of 92 days in the critical period of 2008). The longest duration that dissolved oxygen was lower than 5.0&nbsp;mg/L was 8.5&nbsp;hours (station C4; 23:30 on June&nbsp;10,&nbsp;2008, to 08:00 on June&nbsp;11,&nbsp;2008).</p>\n<p>Median daily maximum water temperatures in the main channel of the Susquehanna River at station C8 were 4.0&nbsp;degrees Celsius (&deg;C) higher in 2008 and 4.3&deg;C warmer in 2010 than in 2009 during the critical periods. At station C8, the water temperatures during the critical periods of all 3 years were significantly warmer (p-values &lt;0.05) than during the critical periods of 1974&ndash;79. Year-to-year water-temperature differences in the main-channel habitat of the Juniata River at station C5 were slightly less than year-to-year differences in the Susquehanna River at station C8. During the critical periods, the water temperature at station C5 was 3.5&deg;C warmer in 2008 and 3.3&deg;C warmer in 2010 than in 2009. These results are consistent with warming trends documented in other streams of the northeastern United States with much more robust water-temperature&nbsp;datasets.</p>\n<p>For the critical period of each year, dissolved oxygen in the Susquehanna River at station C8 typically was 1.5 to 3.0&nbsp;mg/L lower than in the Delaware River at station C1 and the Allegheny River at station C10. Median daily maximum water temperatures during the critical period of each year ranged from 1.6 to 2.7&deg;C warmer at station C8 than at stations C1 and&nbsp;C10.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, J.J., and Crawford, J.K., 2012, Streamflow and water-quality monitoring in response to young-of-year smallmouth bass (<i>micropterus dolomieu</i>) mortality in the Susquehanna River and major tributaries, with comparisons to the Delaware and Allegheny Rivers, Pennsylvania, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1019, vi, 26 p.; Appendices; Electronic copies: Appendixes 1 and 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121019.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.; Appendices; Electronic copies: Appendixes 1 and 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ad7e4b08c986b31cb4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-0617-5050 jchaplin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-5050","contributorId":147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jchaplin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, J. Kent","contributorId":54176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037728,"text":"sir20115171 - 2012 - Estimation of stream temperature in support of fish production modeling under future climates in the Klamath River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"sir20115171","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5171","title":"Estimation of stream temperature in support of fish production modeling under future climates in the Klamath River Basin","docAbstract":"Stream temperature estimates under future climatic conditions were needed in support of fish production modeling for evaluation of effects of dam removal in the Klamath River Basin. To allow for the persistence of the Klamath River salmon fishery, an upcoming Secretarial Determination in 2012 will review potential changes in water quality and stream temperature to assess alternative scenarios, including dam removal. Daily stream temperature models were developed by using a regression model approach with simulated net solar radiation, vapor density deficit calculated on the basis of air temperature, and mean daily air temperature. Models were calibrated for 6 streams in the Lower, and 18 streams in the Upper, Klamath Basin by using measured stream temperatures for 1999-2008. The standard error of the y-estimate for the estimation of stream temperature for the 24 streams ranged from 0.36 to 1.64&deg;C, with an average error of 1.12&deg;C for all streams. The regression models were then used with projected air temperatures to estimate future stream temperatures for 2010-99. Although the mean change from the baseline historical period of 1950-99 to the projected future period of 2070-99 is only 1.2&deg;C, it ranges from 3.4&deg;C for the Shasta River to no change for Fall Creek and Trout Creek. Variability is also evident in the future with a mean change in temperature for all streams from the baseline period to the projected period of 2070-99 of only 1&deg;C, while the range in stream temperature change is from 0 to 2.1&deg;C. The baseline period, 1950-99, to which the air temperature projections were corrected, established the starting point for the projected changes in air temperature. The average measured daily air temperature for the calibration period 1999-2008, however, was found to be as much as 2.3&deg;C higher than baseline for some rivers, indicating that warming conditions have already occurred in many areas of the Klamath River Basin, and that the stream temperature projections for the 21st century could be underestimating the actual change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., and Flint, A.L., 2012, Estimation of stream temperature in support of fish production modeling under future climates in the Klamath River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5171, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115171.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"37","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5171.jpg"},{"id":218594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bafe4b0c8380cd52816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037743,"text":"70037743 - 2012 - Hurricane disturbance and recovery of energy balance, CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes and canopy structure in a mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T21:40:16","indexId":"70037743","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-09T10:09:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hurricane disturbance and recovery of energy balance, CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes and canopy structure in a mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Eddy covariance (EC) estimates of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes and energy balance are examined to investigate the functional responses of a mature mangrove forest to a disturbance generated by Hurricane Wilma on October 24, 2005 in the Florida Everglades. At the EC site, high winds from the hurricane caused nearly 100% defoliation in the upper canopy and widespread tree mortality. Soil temperatures down to -50 cm increased, and air temperature lapse rates within the forest canopy switched from statically stable to statically unstable conditions following the disturbance. Unstable conditions allowed more efficient transport of water vapor and CO<sub>2</sub> from the surface up to the upper canopy layer. Significant increases in latent heat fluxes (LE) and nighttime net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were also observed and sensible heat fluxes (H) as a proportion of net radiation decreased significantly in response to the disturbance. Many of these impacts persisted through much of the study period through 2009. However, local albedo and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) data (the Enhanced Vegetation Index) indicated a substantial proportion of active leaf area recovered before the EC measurements began 1 year after the storm. Observed changes in the vertical distribution and the degree of clumping in newly emerged leaves may have affected the energy balance. Direct comparisons of daytime NEE values from before the storm and after our measurements resumed did not show substantial or consistent differences that could be attributed to the disturbance. Regression analyses on seasonal time scales were required to differentiate the storm's impact on monthly average daytime NEE from the changes caused by interannual variability in other environmental drivers. The effects of the storm were apparent on annual time scales, and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake remained approximately 250 g C m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> lower in 2009 compared to the average annual values measured in 2004&ndash;2005. Dry season CO<sub>2</sub> uptake was relatively more affected by the disturbance than wet season values. Complex leaf regeneration dynamics on damaged trees during ecosystem recovery are hypothesized to lead to the variable dry versus wet season impacts on daytime NEE. In contrast, nighttime CO<sub>2</sub> release (i.e., nighttime respiration) was consistently and significantly greater, possibly as a result of the enhanced decomposition of litter and coarse woody debris generated by the storm, and this effect was most apparent in the wet seasons compared to the dry seasons. The largest pre- and post-storm differences in NEE coincided roughly with the delayed peak in cumulative mortality of stems in 2007&ndash;2008. Across the hurricane-impacted region, cumulative tree mortality rates were also closely correlated with declines in peat surface elevation. Mangrove forest&ndash;atmosphere interactions are interpreted with respect to the damage and recovery of stand dynamics and soil accretion processes following the hurricane.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.022","usgsCitation":"Barr, J.G., Engel, V., Smith, T.J., and Fuentes, J.D., 2012, Hurricane disturbance and recovery of energy balance, CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes and canopy structure in a mangrove forest of the Florida Everglades: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 153, p. 54-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.022.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"66","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","volume":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32b5e4b0c8380cd5ea07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Jordan G.","contributorId":85809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13531,"text":"South Florida Natural Resource Center, Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engel, Vic 0000-0002-3858-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7308","contributorId":101790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Vic","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuentes, Jose D.","contributorId":97231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuentes","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70009698,"text":"sir20125028 - 2012 - A water-budget model and estimates of groundwater recharge for Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T19:33:16.218175","indexId":"sir20125028","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5028","title":"A water-budget model and estimates of groundwater recharge for Guam","docAbstract":"On Guam, demand for groundwater tripled from the early 1970s to 2010. The demand for groundwater is anticipated to further increase in the near future because of population growth and a proposed military relocation to Guam. Uncertainty regarding the availability of groundwater resources to support the increased demand has prompted an investigation of groundwater recharge on Guam using the most current data and accepted methods. For this investigation, a daily water-budget model was developed and used to estimate mean recharge for various land-cover and rainfall conditions. Recharge was also estimated for part of the island using the chloride mass-balance method. \r\nUsing the daily water-budget model, estimated mean annual recharge on Guam is 394.1 million gallons per day, which is 39 percent of mean annual rainfall (999.0 million gallons per day). Although minor in comparison to rainfall on the island, water inflows from water-main leakage, septic-system leachate, and stormwater runoff may be several times greater than rainfall at areas that receive these inflows. Recharge is highest in areas that are underlain by limestone, where recharge is typically between 40 and 60 percent of total water inflow. Recharge is relatively high in areas that receive stormwater runoff from storm-drain systems, but is relatively low in urbanized areas where stormwater runoff is routed to the ocean or to other areas. In most of the volcanic uplands in southern Guam where runoff is substantial, recharge is less than 30 percent of total water inflow. \r\nThe water-budget model in this study differs from all previous water-budget investigations on Guam by directly accounting for canopy evaporation in forested areas, quantifying the evapotranspiration rate of each land-cover type, and accounting for evaporation from impervious areas. For the northern groundwater subbasins defined in Camp, Dresser & McKee Inc. (1982), mean annual baseline recharge computed in this study is 159.1 million gallons per day, which is 50 percent of mean annual rainfall, and is 42 percent greater than the recharge estimate of Camp, Dresser & McKee Inc. (1982). For the northern aquifer sectors defined in Mink (1991), which encompass most of the northern half of the island, mean annual baseline recharge computed in this study is 238.0 million gallons per day, which is 51 percent of mean annual rainfall, and is about 6 percent lower than the recharge estimate of Mink (1991). For the drought simulation performed in this study, recharge for the entire island is 259.3 million gallons per day, which is 34 percent lower than recharge computed for baseline conditions. For all aquifer sectors defined by Mink (1991), total recharge during drought conditions is 32 percent lower than mean baseline recharge. For the future land-cover water-budget simulation, which represents potential land-cover changes owing to the military relocation and population growth, estimated recharge for the entire island is nearly equal to the baseline recharge estimate that was based on 2004 land cover. \r\nUsing the water-budget model, estimated recharge in the northern half of the island is most sensitive to crop coefficients and net precipitation rates&mdash;two of the water-budget parameters used in the estimation of total evapotranspiration. Estimated recharge in the southern half of the island is most sensitive to crop coefficients, net precipitation rate, and runoff-to-rainfall ratios. \r\nDuring March 2010 to May 2011, bulk-deposition samples from five rainfall stations on Guam were collected and analyzed for chloride. Additionally, samples from five groundwater sites were collected and analyzed for chloride. Results were used to estimate groundwater recharge using the chloride mass-balance method. Recharge estimates using this method at three bulk-deposition stations on the northern limestone plateau range from about 25 to 48 percent of rainfall. These recharge estimates are similar to the estimate of Ayers (1981) who also used this method. Recharge estimates at each bulk-deposition station, however, are lower than the baseline recharge estimate from the water-budget model used in this study. This may be because no large storms, such as tropical cyclones, passed near Guam during March 2010 to May 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Marine Corps","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A.G., 2012, A water-budget model and estimates of groundwater recharge for Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5028, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125028.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-03-01","temporalEnd":"2011-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5028.gif"},{"id":398862,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96552.htm"},{"id":204876,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"WGS84","country":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.61666666666667,13.233333333333333 ], [ 144.61666666666667,13.666666666666666 ], [ 144.96666666666667,13.666666666666666 ], [ 144.96666666666667,13.233333333333333 ], [ 144.61666666666667,13.233333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e615e4b0c8380cd47161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Adam G. 0000-0003-2448-5746 ajohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5746","contributorId":4752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Adam","email":"ajohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009697,"text":"sir20115236 - 2012 - An analytical method for predicting postwildfire peak discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-09T18:33:47","indexId":"sir20115236","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5236","title":"An analytical method for predicting postwildfire peak discharges","docAbstract":"An analytical method presented here that predicts postwildfire peak discharge was developed from analysis of paired rainfall and runoff measurements collected from selected burned basins. Data were collected from 19 mountainous basins burned by eight wildfires in different hydroclimatic regimes in the western United States (California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and South Dakota). Most of the data were collected for the year of the wildfire and for 3 to 4 years after the wildfire. These data provide some estimate of the changes with time of postwildfire peak discharges, which are known to be transient but have received little documentation. The only required inputs for the analytical method are the burned area and a quantitative measure of soil burn severity (change in the normalized burn ratio), which is derived from Landsat reflectance data and is available from either the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service or the U.S. Geological Survey. The method predicts the postwildfire peak discharge per unit burned area for the year of a wildfire, the first year after a wildfire, and the second year after a wildfire. It can be used at three levels of information depending on the data available to the user; each subsequent level requires either more data or more processing of the data. Level 1 requires only the burned area. Level 2 requires the burned area and the basin average value of the change in the normalized burn ratio. Level 3 requires the burned area and the calculation of the hydraulic functional connectivity, which is a variable that incorporates the sequence of soil burn severity along hillslope flow paths within the burned basin.\r\nMeasurements indicate that the unit peak discharge response increases abruptly when the 30-minute maximum rainfall intensity is greater than about 5 millimeters per hour (0.2 inches per hour). This threshold may relate to a change in runoff generation from saturated-excess to infiltration-excess overland flow. The threshold value was about 7.6 millimeters per hour for the year of the wildfire and the first year after the wildfire, and it was about 11.1 millimeters per hour for the second year after the wildfire.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115236","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., 2012, An analytical method for predicting postwildfire peak discharges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5236, vii, 29 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115236.","productDescription":"vii, 29 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5236.png"},{"id":204873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Colorado;Nevada;New Mexico;South Dakota","city":"Los Alamos;Boulder;Denver","otherGeospatial":"San Dimas;Galena;Bear Gulch;Buffalo Creek;Spring Creek;Cerro Grande;Bobcat Gulch;Jug Gulch;Fourmile Canyon","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f8e4b0c8380cd48570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009696,"text":"fs20123026 - 2012 - Methods for estimating concentrations and loads of selected constituents in tributaries to Lake Houston near Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:20:42","indexId":"fs20123026","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3026","title":"Methods for estimating concentrations and loads of selected constituents in tributaries to Lake Houston near Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Since December 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston, Texas, has been assessing the quality of the water flowing into Lake Houston. Continuous in-stream water-quality monitors measured streamflow and other physical water quality properties at stations in Spring Creek near Spring, Tex., and East Fork San Jacinto River near New Caney, Tex. Additionally, discrete water-quality samples were periodically collected on these tributaries and analyzed for selected constituents of concern. Data from the discrete water-quality samples collected during 2005-9, in conjunction with the real-time streamflow data and data from the continuous in-stream water-quality monitors, provided the basis for developing regression equations for the estimation of concentrations of water-quality constituents of these source watersheds to Lake Houston. The output of the regression equations are available through the interactive National Real-Time Water Quality Web site (http://nrtwq.usgs.gov).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123026","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.T., 2012, Methods for estimating concentrations and loads of selected constituents in tributaries to Lake Houston near Houston, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3026, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123026.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-12-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3026.gif"},{"id":204872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"602933","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston, New Caney, Spring","otherGeospatial":"East Fork San Jacinto River, Lake Houston, Spring Creek,","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,30 ], [ -96,31 ], [ -95,31 ], [ -95,30 ], [ -96,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55b2e4b0c8380cd6d276","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Michael T. 0000-0002-8260-8794 mtlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-8794","contributorId":4228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"mtlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009699,"text":"sir20105070C - 2012 - Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T16:36:52.202517","indexId":"sir20105070C","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"C","title":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model","docAbstract":"<p>Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, also known as volcanic-hosted massive sulfide, volcanic-associated massive sulfide, or seafloor massive sulfide deposits, are important sources of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver (Cu, Zn, Pb, Au, and Ag). These deposits form at or near the seafloor where circulating hydrothermal fluids driven by magmatic heat are quenched through mixing with bottom waters or porewaters in near-seafloor lithologies. Massive sulfide lenses vary widely in shape and size and may be podlike or sheetlike. They are generally stratiform and may occur as multiple lenses.</p>\n<p>Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits range in size from small pods of less than a ton (which are commonly scattered through prospective terrains) to supergiant accumulations like Rio Tinto (Spain), 1.5 billion metric tons; Kholodrina (Russia), 300 million metric tons; Windy Craggy (Canada), 300 million metric tons; Brunswick No. 12 (Canada), 230 million metric tons; and Ducktown (United States), 163 million metric tons. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits range in age from 3.55 billion years to zero-age deposits that are actively forming in extensional settings on the seafloor, especially mid-ocean ridges, island arcs, and back-arc spreading basins. The widespread recognition of modern seafloor Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and associated hydrothermal vent fluids and vent fauna has been one of the most astonishing discoveries in the last 50 years, and seafloor exploration and scientific studies have contributed much to our understanding of ore-forming processes and the tectonic framework for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the marine environment.</p>\n<p>Massive ore in volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits consists of greater than 40 percent sulfides, usually pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena; non-sulfide gangue typically consists of quartz, barite, anhydrite, iron oxides, chlorite, sericite, talc, and their metamorphosed equivalents. Ore composition may be Pb-Zn-, Cu-Zn-, or Pb-Cu-Zn-dominated, and some deposits are zoned vertically and laterally.</p>\n<p>Many deposits have stringer or feeder zones beneath the massive zone that consist of crosscutting veins and veinlets of sulfides in a matrix of pervasively altered host rock and gangue. Alteration zonation in the host rocks surrounding the deposits are usually well-developed and include advanced argillic (kaolinite, alunite), argillic (illite, sericite), sericitic (sericite, quartz), chloritic (chlorite, quartz), and propylitic (carbonate, epidote, chlorite) types.</p>\n<p>An unusual feature of VMS deposits is the common association of stratiform \"exhalative\" deposits precipitated from hydrothermal fluids emanating into bottom waters. These deposits may extend well beyond the margins of massive sulfide and are typically composed of silica, iron, and manganese oxides, carbonates, sulfates, sulfides, and tourmaline.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070C","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.P., Koski, R.A., Mosier, D.L., Schulz, K.J., Morgan, L.A., Slack, J.F., Ridley, W., Dusel-Bacon, C., Seal, R., and Piatak, N.M., 2012, Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, xiii, 345 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070C.","productDescription":"xiii, 345 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311535,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/c/SIR10-5070-C.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":204877,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":357516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/c/images/coverthb.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc343e4b08c986b32b05b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shanks, W.C. Pat III","contributorId":93949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Pat","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508450,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurston, Roland","contributorId":69261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurston","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580267,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, W.C. Pat III","contributorId":93949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Pat","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koski, Randolph A. rkoski@usgs.gov","contributorId":2949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koski","given":"Randolph","email":"rkoski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":580268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosier, Dan L.","contributorId":42593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morgan, Lisa A.","contributorId":66300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ridley, W. 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II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":2324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70009681,"text":"ofr20121036 - 2012 - Enhanced surveillance strategies for detecting and monitoring chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:43:47","indexId":"ofr20121036","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1036","title":"Enhanced surveillance strategies for detecting and monitoring chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids","docAbstract":"The purpose of this document is to provide wildlife management agencies with the foundation upon which they can build scientifically rigorous and cost-effective surveillance and monitoring programs for chronic wasting disease (CWD) or refine their existing programs. The first chapter provides an overview of potential demographic and spatial risk factors of susceptible wildlife populations that may be exploited for CWD surveillance and monitoring. The information contained in this chapter explores historic as well as recent developments in our understanding of CWD disease dynamics. It also contains many literature references for readers who may desire a more thorough review of the topics or CWD in general. The second chapter examines methods for enhancing efforts to detect CWD on the landscape where it is not presently known to exist and focuses on the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the surveillance program. Specifically, it describes the means of exploiting current knowledge of demographic and spatial risk factors, as described in the first chapter, through a two-stage surveillance scheme that utilizes traditional design-based sampling approaches and novel statistical methods to incorporate information about the attributes of the landscape, environment, populations and individual animals into CWD surveillance activities. By accounting for these attributes, efficiencies can be gained and cost-savings can be realized. The final chapter is unique in relation to the first two chapters. Its focus is on designing programs to monitor CWD once it is discovered within a jurisdiction. Unlike the prior chapters that are more detailed or prescriptive, this chapter by design is considerably more general because providing comprehensive direction for creating monitoring programs for jurisdictions without consideration of their monitoring goals, sociopolitical constraints, or their biological systems, is not possible. Therefore, the authors draw upon their collective experiences implementing disease-monitoring programs to present the important questions to consider, potential tools, and various strategies for those wildlife management agencies endeavoring to create or maintain a CWD monitoring program. Its intent is to aid readers in creating efficient and cost-effective monitoring programs, while avoiding potential pitfalls. It is hoped that these three chapters will be useful tools for wildlife managers struggling to implement efficient and effective CWD disease management programs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121036","usgsCitation":"2012, Enhanced surveillance strategies for detecting and monitoring chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1036, ix, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121036.","productDescription":"ix, 42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1036.jpg"},{"id":204860,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":336872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1036/pdf/ofr2012_1036.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0970e4b0c8380cd51ef0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Walsh, Daniel P. 0000-0002-7772-2445 dwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-2445","contributorId":4758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Daniel","email":"dwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508449,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046254,"text":"70046254 - 2012 - Comparative risk assessment of the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone to raptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:45:42","indexId":"70046254","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparative risk assessment of the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone to raptors","docAbstract":"<p>New regulatory restrictions have been placed on the use of some second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the United States, and in some situations this action may be offset by expanded use of first-generation compounds. We have recently conducted several studies with captive adult American kestrels and eastern screech-owls examining the toxicity of diphacinone (DPN) using both acute oral and short-term dietary exposure regimens. Diphacinone evoked overt signs of intoxication and lethality in these raptors at exposure doses that were 20 to 30 times lower than reported for traditionally used wildlife test species (mallard and northern bobwhite). Sublethal exposure of kestrels and owls resulted in prolonged clotting time, reduced hematocrit, and/or gross and histological evidence of hemorrhage at daily doses as low as 0.16 mg DPN/kg body weight. Findings also demonstrated that DPN was far more potent in short-term 7-day dietary studies than in single-day acute oral exposure studies. Incorporating these kestrel and owl data into deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments indicated that the risks associated with DPN exposure for raptors are far greater than predicted in analyses using data from mallards and bobwhite. These findings can assist natural resource managers in weighing the costs and benefits of anticoagulant rodenticide use in pest control and eradication programs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 25th Vertebrate Pest Conference","conferenceTitle":"25th Vertebrate Pest Conference","conferenceDate":"March 5-8, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, California","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Lazarus, R., Eisenreich, K.M., Horak, K., Volker, S.F., Campton, C.M., Eisemann, J.D., Meteyer, C.U., and Johnson, J.J., 2012, Comparative risk assessment of the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone to raptors, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 25th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Monterey, California, March 5-8, 2012, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037162","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d082de4b07657d1a3754c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S.","contributorId":11864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eisenreich, Karen M.","contributorId":52823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horak, Katherine E.","contributorId":58760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"Katherine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Volker, Steven F.","contributorId":19012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campton, Christopher M.","contributorId":69400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campton","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eisemann, John D.","contributorId":37462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, John J.","contributorId":172408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70009666,"text":"ofr20111222 - 2012 - Sea-floor geology and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Cross Rip Channel, Nantucket Sound, offshore southeastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-07T17:16:31","indexId":"ofr20111222","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-07T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1222","title":"Sea-floor geology and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Cross Rip Channel, Nantucket Sound, offshore southeastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Gridded multibeam bathymetry covers approximately 10.4 square kilometers of sea floor in the vicinity of Cross Rip Channel in Nantucket Sound, offshore southeastern Massachusetts. Although originally collected for charting purposes during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey H12007, these acoustic data, and the sea-floor sediment sampling and bottom photography stations subsequently occupied to verify them, show the composition and terrain of the seabed and provide information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. This report is part of an expanding series of cooperative studies by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management that provide a fundamental framework for research and resource-management activities (for example, windfarms, pipelines, and dredging) along the inner continental shelf offshore of Massachusetts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111222","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., McMullen, K., Ackerman, S., Schaer, J., and Wright, D., 2012, Sea-floor geology and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Cross Rip Channel, Nantucket Sound, offshore southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1222, CD-ROM; Also available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111222.","productDescription":"CD-ROM; Also available online","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1222.gif"},{"id":204851,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Nantucket Sound","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-70.29970946226284, 41.462343365069735], [-70.22339373810621, 41.45363549235282], [-70.228921743935, 41.44243431928992], [-70.23332613672329, 41.43954765644888], [-70.30072128222776, 41.44672959423898], [-70.304542127881, 41.45402676535224], [-70.30421606704812, 41.45524949347542], [-70.30172985319774, 41.45504570545482], [-70.30121727240653, 41.46118274805109], [-70.29970946226284, 41.462343365069735]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-70.304542127881, 41.43954765644888, -70.22339373810621, 41.462343365069735], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091967\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8806e4b08c986b316793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, S.D.","contributorId":88843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, D.B.","contributorId":88754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70009665,"text":"ofr20111149 - 2012 - Sea-floor geology of Long Island Sound north of Duck Pond Point, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-07T17:16:31","indexId":"ofr20111149","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-07T09:26:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1149","title":"Sea-floor geology of Long Island Sound north of Duck Pond Point, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection are mapping the sea floor in coastal areas of the northeastern United States. As part of the project, more than 100 square kilometers of multibeam-echosounder data, 23 sediment samples, bottom video, and 86 still photographs were obtained from an area in Long Island Sound north of Duck Pond Point, New York, in the study area of NOAA survey H11999. This report delineates the sediment types and sea-floor features found within this area in order to better understand the sea-floor processes occurring in this part of Long Island Sound. The sea floor in the study area is dominated by ubiquitous sand-wave fields and three northeast-southwest trending bathymetric depressions. Barchanoid and transverse sand waves, including sinusoidal, bifurcating, arced, and straight-crested morphologies, are variably present. Asymmetrical sand-wave profiles indicate a westward to southwestward direction of sediment transport in most of the study area; current ripples and megaripples on the stoss slopes of the sand waves indicate transport is ongoing. The majority of the sediment on the sea floor is sand, although bouldery, gravelly, and muddy sediments are also present. Gray, cohesive mud crops out on the walls of some of the scour depressions associated with the troughs of large sand waves. Clasts of the muddy sediment scattered on the sea floor around the depressions demonstrate the intensity of the scour and suggest erosion of the underlying distal deltaic sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111149","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K., Poppe, L., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D., Schaer, J., Glomb, K., and Doran, E.F., 2012, Sea-floor geology of Long Island Sound north of Duck Pond Point, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1149, DVD-ROM; Also available online, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111149.","productDescription":"DVD-ROM; Also available online","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1149.gif"},{"id":204850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island Sound","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-72.65078296462872, 41.15310227027316], [-72.40232223501584, 41.15078606779228], [-72.40441172327905, 41.149716946297524], [-72.4037396045544, 41.142431597219726], [-72.400680139918, 41.14015587525237], [-72.40411919492215, 41.13760836181205], [-72.40188692496099, 41.132311509064834], [-72.40378487680005, 41.128895195754396], [-72.40330777697989, 41.110093283865794], [-72.40139241273863, 41.109135601745194], [-72.40288291436644, 41.106454091807414], [-72.46534946479045, 41.10568246548574], [-72.65018268497765, 41.10621311557889], [-72.65030514269142, 41.11750891196602], [-72.65748337621403, 41.11861945578277], [-72.65065113279599, 41.118817491824025], [-72.65312658330981, 41.12699638032133], [-72.65067734597136, 41.12888014560358], [-72.65040431612198, 41.132234999879174], [-72.65232235081471, 41.13232714745338], [-72.65078296462872, 41.15310227027316]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-72.65748337621403, 41.10568246548574, -72.400680139918, 41.15310227027316], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091948\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8808e4b08c986b3167a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaer, J.D.","contributorId":31082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaer","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glomb, K.A.","contributorId":67996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glomb","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doran, E. F.","contributorId":31066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70009660,"text":"fs20123022 - 2012 - The Columbia River Research Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-07T17:16:31","indexId":"fs20123022","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3022","title":"The Columbia River Research Laboratory","docAbstract":"The mission of the Columbia River Research Laboratory is to serve the public by providing scientific information to support the stewardship of our Nation's fish and aquatic resources, with emphasis on the Columbia River basin. As a part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Fisheries Research Center, we conduct objective, relevant research and seek partnerships to help fulfill this mission.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123022","usgsCitation":"Waste, S., and Reagan, R., 2012, The Columbia River Research Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3022, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123022.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3022.jpg"},{"id":204848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6dbe4b08c986b3212c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waste, Steve","contributorId":36288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waste","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reagan, Rachel","contributorId":92798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagan","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182710,"text":"70182710 - 2012 - Effectiveness of seining after electrofishing to characterize stream fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T11:57:27","indexId":"70182710","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of seining after electrofishing to characterize stream fish communities","docAbstract":"<p><span>The richness and composition of species collected uniquely to electrofishing and subsequent seining efforts were examined at 271 stream sites across the USA by using wadeable electrofishing methods (backpack or barge electrofishing) or boat electrofishing followed by seining. Seining after wadeable electrofishing resulted in the collection of new species at 42% of sites, whereas seining after boat electrofishing resulted in the collection of new species at 87% of sites. Mean percentage of total observed fish species richness that was collected uniquely by seining was 6% (representing one new species, on average) after wadeable electrofishing compared with 18% (four new species, on average) after boat electrofishing. Shannon–Wiener diversity index values were not significantly different between data from combined sampling (electrofishing and seining) and data from wadeable electrofishing (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.490) but were significantly different between boat electrofishing and combined sampling (</span><i>P</i><span> = 0.004). Seining efforts after boat electrofishing can provide critical information that allows for a more complete characterization of the fish community. For sampling in wadeable streams, decisions regarding the use of seines should consider the effectiveness of electrofishing at a given site and the use of seines as an alternative primary sampling gear rather than as a supplement to electrofishing.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.663458","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., 2012, Effectiveness of seining after electrofishing to characterize stream fish communities: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 1, p. 177-185, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.663458.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-028404","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70009649,"text":"ofr20121020 - 2012 - Plant distributions in the southwestern United States; a scenario assessment of the modern-day and future distribution ranges of 166 Species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-06T17:16:10","indexId":"ofr20121020","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1020","title":"Plant distributions in the southwestern United States; a scenario assessment of the modern-day and future distribution ranges of 166 Species","docAbstract":"The authors developed spatial models of the predicted modern-day suitable habitat (SH) of 166 dominant and indicator plant species of the southwestern United States (herein referred to as the Southwest) and then conducted a coarse assessment of potential future changes in the distribution of their suitable habitat under three climate-change scenarios for two time periods. We used Maxent-based spatial modeling to predict the modern-day and future scenarios of SH for each species in an over 342-million-acre area encompassing all or parts of six states in the Southwest--Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. Modern-day SH models were predicted by our using 26 annual and monthly average temperature and precipitation variables, averaged for the years 1971-2000. Future SH models were predicted for each species by our using six climate models based on application of the average of 16 General Circulation Models to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenarios B1, A1B, and A2 for two time periods, 2040 to 2069 and 2070 and 2100, referred to respectively as the 2050 and 2100 time periods. The assessment examined each species' vulnerability to loss of modern-day SH under future climate scenarios, potential to gain SH under future climate scenarios, and each species' estimated risk as a function of both vulnerability and potential gains. All 166 species were predicted to lose modern-day SH in the future climate change scenarios. In the 2050 time period, nearly 30 percent of the species lost 75 percent or more of their modern-day suitable habitat, 21 species gained more new SH than their modern-day SH, and 30 species gained less new SH than 25 percent of their modern-day SH. In the 2100 time period, nearly half of the species lost 75 percent or more of their modern-day SH, 28 species gained more new SH than their modern-day SH, and 34 gained less new SH than 25 percent of their modern-day SH. Using nine risk categories we found only two species were in the least risk category, while 20 species were in the highest risk category. The assessment showed that species respond independently to predicted climate change, suggesting that current plant assemblages may disassemble under predicted climate change scenarios. This report presents the results for each species in tables (Appendix A) and maps (14 for each species) in Appendix B.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121020","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Guertin, P.P., and Gass, L., 2012, Plant distributions in the southwestern United States; a scenario assessment of the modern-day and future distribution ranges of 166 Species: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1020, iv, 28 p.; Appendices; Link to Appendix B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121020.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.; Appendices; Link to Appendix B","startPage":"i","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1020.gif"},{"id":204840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,32 ], [ -121,43 ], [ -105,43 ], [ -105,32 ], [ -121,32 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bf0e4b0c8380cd796e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guertin, Patricia P.","contributorId":98873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gass, Leila 0000-0002-3436-262X lgass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-262X","contributorId":3770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gass","given":"Leila","email":"lgass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173590,"text":"70173590 - 2012 - Fish species of greatest conservation need in wadeable Iowa streams: current status and effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T16:20:04","indexId":"70173590","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish species of greatest conservation need in wadeable Iowa streams: current status and effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program distribution models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective conservation of fish species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) requires an understanding of species&ndash;habitat relationships and distributional trends. Thus, modeling the distribution of fish species across large spatial scales may be a valuable tool for conservation planning. Our goals were to evaluate the status of 10 fish SGCN in wadeable Iowa streams and to test the effectiveness of Iowa Aquatic Gap Analysis Project (IAGAP) species distribution models. We sampled fish assemblages from 86 wadeable stream segments in the Mississippi River drainage of Iowa during 2009 and 2010 to provide contemporary, independent fish species presence&ndash;absence data. The frequencies of occurrence in stream segments where species were historically documented varied from 0.0% for redfin shiner&nbsp;</span><i>Lythrurus umbratilis</i><span>&nbsp;to 100.0% for American brook lamprey</span><i>Lampetra appendix</i><span>, with a mean of 53.0%, suggesting that the status of Iowa fish SGCN is highly variable. Cohen's kappa values and other model performance measures were calculated by comparing field-collected presence&ndash;absence data with IAGAP model&ndash;predicted presences and absences for 12 fish SGCN. Kappa values varied from 0.00 to 0.50, with a mean of 0.15. The models only predicted the occurrences of banded darter</span><i>Etheostoma zonale</i><span>, southern redbelly dace&nbsp;</span><i>Phoxinus erythrogaster</i><span>, and longnose dace</span><i>Rhinichthys cataractae</i><span>&nbsp;more accurately than would be expected by chance. Overall, the accuracy of the twelve models was low, with a mean correct classification rate of 58.3%. Poor model performance probably reflects the difficulties associated with modeling the distribution of rare species and the inability of the large-scale habitat variables used in IAGAP models to explain the variation in fish species occurrences. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the confidence in species distribution model predictions with an independent data set and the need for long-term monitoring to better understand the distributional trends and habitat associations of fish SGCN.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.663456","usgsCitation":"Sindt, A.R., Pierce, C., and Quist, M., 2012, Fish species of greatest conservation need in wadeable Iowa streams: current status and effectiveness of Aquatic Gap Program distribution models: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 1, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.663456.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028651","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1100&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.54833984375,\n              43.50075243569041\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.779052734375,\n              42.78733853172001\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              42.05745022024682\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.537353515625,\n              41.4509614012039\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.284912109375,\n              40.93841495689795\n            ],\n   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mquist@usgs.gov","contributorId":166707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael C.","email":"mquist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70009658,"text":"sir20125044 - 2012 - Travel times, streamflow velocities, and dispersion rates in the Missouri River upstream from Canyon Ferry Lake, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20125044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5044","title":"Travel times, streamflow velocities, and dispersion rates in the Missouri River upstream from Canyon Ferry Lake, Montana","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, initiated a dye-tracer study to determine travel times, streamflow velocities, and longitudinal dispersion rates for the Missouri River upstream from Canyon Ferry Lake. For this study, rhodamine WT (RWT) dye was injected at two locations, Missouri River Headwaters State Park in early September and Broadwater-Missouri Dam (Broadwater Dam) in late August 2010. Dye concentrations were measured at three sites downstream from each dye-injection location. The study area was a 41.2-mile reach of the Missouri River from Trident, Montana, at the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers (Missouri River Headwaters) at river mile 2,319.40 downstream to the U.S. Route 12 Bridge (Townsend Bridge), river mile 2,278.23, near Townsend, Montana. Streamflows were reasonably steady and ranged from 3,070 to 3,700 cubic feet per second. Mean velocities were calculated for each subreach between measurement sites for the leading edge, peak concentration, centroid, and trailing edge at 10 percent of the peak concentration of the dye plume. Calculated velocities for the centroid of the dye plume ranged from 0.80 to 3.02 feet per second within the study reach from Missouri River Headwaters to Townsend Bridge, near Townsend. The mean velocity of the dye plume for the entire study reach, excluding the subreach between the abandoned Milwaukee Railroad bridge at Lombard, Montana (Milwaukee Bridge) and Broadwater-Missouri Dam (Broadwater Dam), was 2.87 feet per second. The velocity of the centroid of the dye plume for the subreach between Milwaukee Bridge and Broadwater Dam (Toston Reservoir) was 0.80 feet per second. The residence time for Toston Reservoir was 8.2 hours during this study. Estimated longitudinal dispersion rates of the dye plume for this study ranged from 0.72 feet per second for the subreach from Milwaukee Bridge to Broadwater Dam to 2.26 feet per second for the subreach from the U.S. Route 287 Bypass Bridge over the Missouri River north of Toston, Montana to Yorks Islands. A relation was determined between travel time of the peak concentration and the time for the dye plume to pass a site (duration of the dye plume). This relation can be used to estimate when the decreasing concentration of a potential contaminant is reduced to 10 percent of its peak concentration for accidental (contaminant or chemical) spills into the upper Missouri River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Whiteman, A., 2012, Travel times, streamflow velocities, and dispersion rates in the Missouri River upstream from Canyon Ferry Lake, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5044, vi, 18 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125044.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5044.gif"},{"id":204842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb778e4b08c986b3272bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiteman, Aroscott whiteman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"Aroscott","email":"whiteman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009656,"text":"tm6A39 - 2012 - RIP-ET: A riparian evapotranspiration package for MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"tm6A39","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A39","title":"RIP-ET: A riparian evapotranspiration package for MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"A new evapotranspiration package for the U.S. Geological Survey's groundwater-flow model, MODFLOW, is documented. The Riparian Evapotranspiration Package (RIP-ET) provides flexibility in simulating riparian and wetland transpiration not provided by the Evapotranspiration (EVT) or Segmented Function Evapotranspiration (ETS1) Packages for MODFLOW 2005. This report describes how the RIP-ET package was conceptualized and provides input instructions, listings and explanations of the source code, and an example. Traditional approaches to modeling evapotranspiration (ET) processes assume a piecewise linear relationship between ET flux and hydraulic head. The RIP-ET replaces this traditional relationship with a segmented, nonlinear dimensionless curve that reflects the eco-physiology of riparian and wetland ecosystems. Evapotranspiration losses from these ecosystems are dependent not only on hydraulic head, but on the plant types present. User-defined plant functional groups (PFGs) are used to elucidate the interaction between plant transpiration and groundwater conditions. Five generalized plant functional groups based on transpiration rates, plant rooting depth, and water tolerance ranges are presented: obligate wetland, shallow-rooted riparian, deep-rooted riparian, transitional riparian and bare ground/open water. Plant functional groups can be further divided into subgroups (PFSGs) based on plant size, density or other characteristics. The RIP-ET allows for partial habitat coverage and mixtures of plant functional subgroups to be present in a single model cell. RIP-ET also distinguishes between plant transpiration and bare-ground evaporation. Habitat areas are designated by polygons; each polygon can contain a mixture of PFSGs and bare ground, and is assigned a surface elevation. This process requires a determination of fractional coverage for each of the plant functional subgroups present in a polygon to account for the mixture of coverage types and resulting transpiration. The fractional cover within a cell has two components: (1) the polygonal fraction of active habitat (excluding area of bare ground, dead trees, or brush) in a cell, and (2) fraction of plant type area or bare ground area in a polygon. RIP-ET determines the transpiration rate for each plant functional group and evaporation from bare ground/open water in a cell, the total ET in the cell, and the total ET rate over the region of simulation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A39","collaboration":"Office of Groundwater, Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Maddock, T., Baird, K.J., Hanson, R.T., Schmid, W., and Ajami, H., 2012, RIP-ET: A riparian evapotranspiration package for MODFLOW-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A39, vi, 70 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A39.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"82","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_A39.jpg"},{"id":204839,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a39/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9366e4b0c8380cd80db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maddock, Thomas III","contributorId":32983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baird, Kathryn J.","contributorId":32670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ajami, Hoori","contributorId":74506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ajami","given":"Hoori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70009654,"text":"fs20123021 - 2012 - Devils Hole, Nevada--A Primer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-07T17:16:31","indexId":"fs20123021","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3021","title":"Devils Hole, Nevada--A Primer","docAbstract":"This fact sheet summarizes the multifaceted research of the U.S. Geological Survey&mdash;published in diverse outlets&mdash;that focuses on the subaqueous cavern Devils Hole in Nevada. Questions addressed in the fact sheet are: What is Devils Hole? Why is Devils Hole of interest to paleoclimatologists? How was the isotopic record from the Devils Hole vein calcite dated? What paleoclimate phenomena are recorded by the Devils Hole stable isotopic time series? Where can one find the isotopic records? What contributions has Devils Hole research made to the field of paleoclimatology, paleohydrology, and geochemistry? What does Devils Hole reveal about how long we can expect the present interglaciation to last? What are some practical applications of the Devils Hole findings? Why is Devils Hole of interest to zoologists?","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123021","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J.M., and Winograd, I.J., 2012, Devils Hole, Nevada--A Primer: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3021, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123021.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":633,"text":"Water Resources National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204838,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3021.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Devils Hole","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,36 ], [ -116.5,37.25 ], [ -115,37.25 ], [ -115,36 ], [ -116.5,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a008ce4b0c8380cd4f7b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate M. jmlandwe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate","email":"jmlandwe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007274,"text":"70007274 - 2012 - Cross-borehole flow analysis to characterize fracture connections in the Melechov Granite, Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"70007274","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-05T15:54:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-borehole flow analysis to characterize fracture connections in the Melechov Granite, Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic","docAbstract":"Application of the cross-borehole flow method, in which short pumping cycles in one borehole are used to induce time-transient flow in another borehole, demonstrated that a simple hydraulic model can characterize the fracture connections in the bedrock mass between the two boreholes. The analysis determines the properties of fracture connections rather than those of individual fractures intersecting a single borehole; the model contains a limited number of adjustable parameters so that any correlation between measured and simulated flow test data is significant. The test was conducted in two 200-m deep boreholes spaced 21 m apart in the Melechov Granite in the Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic. Transient flow was measured at depth stations between the identified transmissive fractures in one of the boreholes during short-term pumping and recovery periods in the other borehole. Simulated flows, based on simple model geometries, closely matched the measured flows. The relative transmissivity and storage of the inferred fracture connections were corroborated by tracer testing. The results demonstrate that it is possible to assess the properties of a fracture flow network despite being restricted to making measurements in boreholes in which a local population of discrete fractures regulates the hydraulic communication with the larger-scale aquifer system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0787-1","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., Williams, J., Urik, J., Lukes, J., Kobr, M., and Mares, S., 2012, Cross-borehole flow analysis to characterize fracture connections in the Melechov Granite, Bohemian-Moravian Highland, Czech Republic: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 20, no. 1, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0787-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204823,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0787-1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Czech Republic","otherGeospatial":"Bohemian-moravian Highland","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc0e4b0c8380cd4e3f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":38191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Urik, Joseph","contributorId":89664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urik","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lukes, Joseph","contributorId":8618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukes","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kobr, Miroslav","contributorId":56376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kobr","given":"Miroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mares, Stanislav","contributorId":28371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mares","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70009624,"text":"70009624 - 2012 - On thinning of chains in MCMC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-07T17:16:31","indexId":"70009624","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-05T12:03:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On thinning of chains in MCMC","docAbstract":"<p><b>1.</b> Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a simulation technique that has revolutionised the analysis of ecological data, allowing the fitting of complex models in a Bayesian framework. Since 2001, there have been nearly 200 papers using MCMC in publications of the Ecological Society of America and the British Ecological Society, including more than 75 in the journal <i>Ecology</i> and 35 in the <i>Journal of Applied Ecology</i>.</p>\n<p><b>2.</b> We have noted that many authors routinely 'thin' their simulations, discarding all but every <i>k</i>th sampled value; of the studies we surveyed with details on MCMC implementation, 40% reported thinning.</p>\n<p><b>3.</b> Thinning is often unnecessary and always inefficient, reducing the precision with which features of the Markov chain are summarised. The inefficiency of thinning MCMC output has been known since the early 1990's, long before MCMC appeared in ecological publications.</p>\n<p><b>4.</b> We discuss the background and prevalence of thinning, illustrate its consequences, discuss circumstances when it might be regarded as a reasonable option and recommend against routine thinning of chains unless necessitated by computer memory limitations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00131.x","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Eaton, M., 2012, On thinning of chains in MCMC: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 1, p. 112-115, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00131.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474553,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00131.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204809,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00131.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e15e4b0c8380cd7549e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J.","contributorId":71308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037755,"text":"ofr20121040 - 2012 - Coastal circulation and potential coral-larval dispersal in Maunalua Bay, O'ahu, Hawaii&mdash;Measurements of waves, currents, temperature, and salinity, June-September 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T17:40:16.603517","indexId":"ofr20121040","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-05T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1040","title":"Coastal circulation and potential coral-larval dispersal in Maunalua Bay, O'ahu, Hawaii&mdash;Measurements of waves, currents, temperature, and salinity, June-September 2010","docAbstract":"This report presents a summary of fieldwork conducted in Maunalua Bay, O'ahu, Hawaii to address coral-larval dispersal and recruitment from June through September, 2010. The objectives of this study were to understand the temporal and spatial variations in currents, waves, tides, temperature, and salinity in Maunalua Bay during the summer coral-spawning season of Montipora capitata. Short-term vessel surveys and satellite-tracked drifters were deployed to measure currents during the June 2010 spawning event and to supplement the longer-term measurements of currents and water-column properties by fixed, bottom-mounted instruments deployed in Maunalua Bay. These data show that currents at the surface and just below the surface where coral larvae are found are often oriented in opposite directions due primarily to tidal and trade-winds forcing as the primary mechanisms of circulation in the bay. These data extend our understanding of coral-larvae dispersal patterns due to tidal and wind-driven currents and may be applicable to larvae of other Hawaiian corals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121040","usgsCitation":"Presto, M., Storlazzi, C., Logan, J., Reiss, T.E., and Rosenberger, K., 2012, Coastal circulation and potential coral-larval dispersal in Maunalua Bay, O'ahu, Hawaii&mdash;Measurements of waves, currents, temperature, and salinity, June-September 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1040, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121040.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-06-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1040.gif"},{"id":246630,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"O'ahu, Maunalua Bay, Koko Head, Diamond Head, Ko'olau Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.8900146484375,\n              21.238182425982313\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.62908935546875,\n              21.238182425982313\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.62908935546875,\n              21.332873489271286\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8900146484375,\n              21.332873489271286\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8900146484375,\n              21.238182425982313\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f77ce4b0c8380cd4cb40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presto, M. Katherine","contributorId":30192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presto","given":"M. Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiss, Thomas E. 0000-0003-0388-7076 treiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-7076","contributorId":4149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"Thomas","email":"treiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J.","contributorId":12934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70009638,"text":"sir20115233 - 2012 - Water-quality characteristics of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T16:05:42","indexId":"sir20115233","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-05T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5233","title":"Water-quality characteristics of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-10","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) jointly monitored for selected water-quality constituents and properties of inland lakes during 2001&ndash;10 as part of Michigan's Lake Water-Quality Assessment program. During 2001&ndash;10, 866 lake basins from 729 inland lakes greater than 25 acres were monitored for baseline water-quality conditions and trophic status. This report summarizes the water-quality characteristics and trophic conditions of the monitored lakes throughout the State; the data include vertical-profile measurements, nutrient measurements at three discrete depths, Secchi-disk transparency (SDT) measurements, and chlorophyll <i>a</i> measurements for the spring and summer, with major ions and other chemical indicators measured during the spring at mid-depth and color during the summer from near-surface samples.</p>\r\n<p>In about 75 percent of inland lake deep basins (index stations), trophic characteristics were associated with oligotrophic or mesotrophic conditions; 5 percent or less were categorized as hypereutrophic, and 80 percent of hypereutrophic lakes had a maximum depth of 30 feet or less. Comparison of spring and summer measurements shows that water clarity based on SDT measurements were clearer in the spring than in the summer for 63 percent of lakes. For near-surface measurements made in spring, 97 percent of lakes can be considered phosphorus limited and less than half a percent nitrogen limited; for summer measurements, 96 percent of lakes can be considered phosphorus limited and less than half a percent nitrogen limited. Spatial patterns of major ions, alkalinity, and hardness measured in the spring at mid-depth all showed lower values in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and a southward increase toward the southern areas of the Lower Peninsula, though the location of increase varied by constituent. A spatial analysis of the data based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions separated potassium, sulfate, and chloride concentrations fairly well, with a pattern of lower values in northern ecoregions trending toward higher values in southern ecoregions; lower and higher concentrations of magnesium, hardness, calcium, and alkalinity were well separated, but middle-range concentrations in central Michigan ecoregions were mixed. The highest concentrations of chloride and sodium were in the southeastern area of the Lower Peninsula.</p>\r\n<p>Lakes with multiple basins showed few statistically significant differences in constituent concentrations at the 95-percent confidence level among combinations of depths between basins. The most statistically significant differences were found for water temperature, with significant differences in somewhat less than half the combinations in the spring and just a few combinations in the summer. The lack of significant differences between major basins of multibasin lakes indicates that monitoring of trophic characteristics in all major basins might not be necessary for the majority of constituents in future sampling programs.</p>\r\n<p>Trophic characteristics based on the 2001&ndash;10 dataset were compared to trophic characteristics resulting from other Michigan sampling programs, including the volunteer Cooperative Lakes Monitoring Program coordinated by the MDEQ (measurements on 250 lakes in 2011), trophic-state predictions produced by relating existing measurements to remotely sensed data (measurements for about 3,000 lakes), and the National Lakes Assessment (NLA) statistically valid, probability-designed lakes program (measurements for 50 lakes in Michigan and about 1,100 lakes nationally). A higher percentage of oligotrophic lakes resulted when using SDT from the volunteer data and the 2001&ndash;10 dataset than when using the predicted measurements from remotely sensed data or the NLA. Comparing trophic characteristics from differently designed programs provides multiple interpretations of lake water-quality status in Michigan lakes.</p>\r\n<p>No directional statistically significant difference was found at the 95-percent confidence level among historical nutrients and trophic characteristics when comparing 445 lakes with historical data for 1974&ndash;84 with the 2001&ndash;10 dataset, though SDT did show statistically significant differences at the 95-percent confidence level. Depending on the primary indicator, 50&ndash;66 percent of lakes did not change trophic-status class, 13&ndash;23 percent moved towards the oligotrophic end of the TSI scale, and 20&ndash;25 percent moved a class towards the eutrophic end of the TSI scale.</p>\r\n<p>Increasing percentages of urban-dominant land cover in the drainage areas of lakes had a more positive correlation with chloride concentration than did increased percentages of other land-cover classes; there was also a slight correlation of urban-dominant land cover and calcium concentration. Removing data for lakes in southeastern Lower Michigan, known from previous reports to be higher in chloride, still resulted in a positive relation even though the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> value) decreased from 0.55 to 0.39. Dominant land-cover drainage areas were not strongly related to nutrients with respect to a linear relation, nor were lake drainage-area sizes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment","usgsCitation":"Fuller, L.M., and Taricska, C., 2012, Water-quality characteristics of Michigan's inland lakes, 2001-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5233, Report: viii, 53 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115233.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 53 p.; Appendix","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204806,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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M.","contributorId":97987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taricska, C.K.","contributorId":79225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taricska","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037749,"text":"ofr20121043 - 2012 - Deep-Sea Turbidites as Guides to Holocene Earthquake History at the Cascadia Subduction Zone&mdash;Alternative Views for a Seismic-Hazard Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"ofr20121043","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-05T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1043","title":"Deep-Sea Turbidites as Guides to Holocene Earthquake History at the Cascadia Subduction Zone&mdash;Alternative Views for a Seismic-Hazard Workshop","docAbstract":"This report reviews the geological basis for some recent estimates of earthquake hazards in the Cascadia region between southern British Columbia and northern California. The largest earthquakes to which the region is prone are in the range of magnitude 8-9. The source of these great earthquakes is the fault down which the oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate is being subducted or thrust beneath the North American Plate. Geologic evidence for their occurrence includes sedimentary deposits that have been observed in cores from deep-sea channels and fans. Earthquakes can initiate subaqueous slumps or slides that generate turbidity currents and which produce the sedimentary deposits known as turbidites. The hazard estimates reviewed in this report are derived mainly from deep-sea turbidites that have been interpreted as proxy records of great Cascadia earthquakes. The estimates were first published in 2008. Most of the evidence for them is contained in a monograph now in press. We have reviewed a small part of this evidence, chiefly from Cascadia Channel and its tributaries, all of which head offshore the Pacific coast of Washington State. \r\nAccording to the recent estimates, the Cascadia plate boundary ruptured along its full length in 19 or 20 earthquakes of magnitude 9 in the past 10,000 years; its northern third broke during these giant earthquakes only, and southern segments produced at least 20 additional, lesser earthquakes of Holocene age. The turbidite case for full-length ruptures depends on stratigraphic evidence for simultaneous shaking at the heads of multiple submarine canyons. The simultaneity has been inferred primarily from turbidite counts above a stratigraphic datum, sandy beds likened to strong-motion records, and radiocarbon ages adjusted for turbidity-current erosion. \r\nIn alternatives proposed here, this turbidite evidence for simultaneous shaking is less sensitive to earthquake size and frequency than previously thought. Turbidites far below a channel confluence, instead of representing the merged flows from two tributaries, monitor the dominant tributary only. Sandy beds low in the turbidites, instead of matching from channel to channel, permit divergent stratigraphic correlations; and rather than approximating strong-motion seismograms, the sandy beds more likely record processes internal to the generation and transformation of subaqueous mass movements. The age adjustments, instead of supporting other evidence that all the northern ruptures were long, are uncertain enough to accord with variation in rupture mode, and this variation improves agreement with onshore paleoseismology. Many of the turbidites counted as evidence for frequent earthquakes on the southern Cascadia plate boundary may instead reflect nearness to steep slopes. \r\nThis report is meant to aid in the updating of national maps of seismic hazards in Canada and the United States. It offers three main conclusions for consideration at a U.S. hazard-map workshop slated for March 21-22, 2012: \r\nIf giant earthquakes are the norm for the plate boundary offshore southern Washington, the strongest paleoseismic evidence for this rupture mode is the average earthquake-recurrence interval of about 500 years that is evidenced both offshore in lower Cascadia Channel and onshore at estuaries of southern Washington and northernmost Oregon. \r\nThe plate boundary offshore southern British Columbia and northern Washington may be capable of producing great earthquakes at an average interval as short as 300 years that is evidenced mainly onshore. \r\nReview of more of the turbidite evidence now in press may clarify implications for the hazard maps. Further work on the deep-sea turbidites could target sedimentary processes and chronological uncertainties that may affect the turbidites' sensitivity to fault-rupture lengths and recurrence rates.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121043","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B.F., and Griggs, G.B., 2012, Deep-Sea Turbidites as Guides to Holocene Earthquake History at the Cascadia Subduction Zone&mdash;Alternative Views for a Seismic-Hazard Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1043, iv, 43 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121043.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1043.gif"},{"id":246629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1043/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States;Canada","state":"Washington;Oregon;California","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia;Cascadia Plate;Juan De Fuca Plate","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,40 ], [ -120,52 ], [ -135,52 ], [ -135,40 ], [ -120,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ce4b0c8380cd4eb7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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