{"pageNumber":"1660","pageRowStart":"41475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46638,"records":[{"id":70012076,"text":"70012076 - 1981 - Geologic remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-12T16:00:31.787474","indexId":"70012076","displayToPublicDate":"1981-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic remote sensing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Remote-sensing techniques are now being used routinely in geologic interpretation for mineral and energy exploration, plant siting, waste disposal, and the development of models for regional and continental tectonics. New spaceborne methods and associated technologies are being developed to produce data from which geologic information about large areas can be derived much more rapidly than by conventional techniques.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.211.4484.781","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Goetz, A.F., and Rowan, L.C., 1981, Geologic remote sensing: Science, v. 211, no. 4484, p. 781-791, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.211.4484.781.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"791","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222519,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"211","issue":"4484","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a21c8e4b0c8380cd56aac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goetz, Alexander F.H.","contributorId":43747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011988,"text":"70011988 - 1981 - Smooth seaward-dipping horizons — An important factor in sea-floor stability?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T16:00:57.412161","indexId":"70011988","displayToPublicDate":"1981-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Smooth seaward-dipping horizons — An important factor in sea-floor stability?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mass movement has influenced in varying degrees the morphology of the United States east coast continental margin seaward of the Baltimore Canyon trough as revealed by detailed geophysical studies using high-resolution 3.5-kHz, and seismic reflection data. Each of three areas studied is along the slope within a distance of 225 km, and is seaward of a nonglaciated shelf but near major land drainage systems. Thick sequences of material believed to be Pleistocene were deposited on the slope in all three areas. Sediment failure in the form of large block movement involving block thicknesses of more than 100 m, however, has taken place in only two of the areas. A factor common to the two areas where failure took place, but absent in the area where no failure took place, is smooth seaward-dipping sub-bottom horizons. Whatever the triggering mechanism, a smooth slip surface that has a seward slope may contribute to mass movement by reducing the internal friction. This may be one of several factors that should be considered in assessing slope stability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(81)90070-0","usgsCitation":"McGregor, B., 1981, Smooth seaward-dipping horizons — An important factor in sea-floor stability?: Marine Geology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. M89-M98, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90070-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"M89","endPage":"M98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91a7e4b08c986b3199ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, B.A.","contributorId":57072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120227,"text":"70120227 - 1981 - Depletion sampling in stream ecosystems: assumptions and techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T11:37:26","indexId":"70120227","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-13T11:35:31","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depletion sampling in stream ecosystems: assumptions and techniques","docAbstract":"Reliable fish and invertebrate population estimates depend on meeting the assumptions of the methods used for organism capture and data analysis. A review of several population estimation studies has indicated that assumptions of the removal method for population estimation are often violated. This paper outlines (1) procedures to assist in meeting the removal method assumptions (2) an economical procedure to obtain reliable invertebrate population estimates by the removal method and (3) a computer program (CAPTURE) designed to test the adequacy of study design and to analyze capture data where variable probability of removal exists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Fisheries","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[115:DSISE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Raleigh, R.F., and Short, C., 1981, Depletion sampling in stream ecosystems: assumptions and techniques: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 43, no. 3, p. 115-120, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[115:DSISE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292076,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1981)43[115:DSISE]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bc9e4b02bf5a7674015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raleigh, Robert F.","contributorId":49841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, Cathleen","contributorId":71898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Cathleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":879,"text":"879 - 1981 - Water resources data for Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-05T16:07:29","indexId":"879","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T16:05:54","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data for Washington","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Tacoma, WA","doi":"10.3133/879","issn":"0364-3557","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data for Washington, https://doi.org/10.3133/879.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1eff3e4b0fe532be2df73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":902,"text":"902 - 1981 - Water resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:59:09","indexId":"902","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T15:56:10","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":345,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water resources data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/902","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the state of Nevada and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Annual Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/902.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.01,35.0 ], [ -120.01,42.0 ], [ -114.04,42.0 ], [ -114.04,35.0 ], [ -120.01,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bd130de4b00cbf31f72388","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":898,"text":"898 - 1981 - Water resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:37:09","indexId":"898","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T15:35:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":345,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water resources data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/898","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Dept. of Natural Resources and with other State, county, municipal and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Annual Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/898.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.653,30.1741 ], [ -91.653,34.9961 ], [ -88.0994,34.9961 ], [ -88.0994,30.1741 ], [ -91.653,30.1741 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bd130ae4b00cbf31f72380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":895,"text":"895 - 1981 - Water resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:16:05","indexId":"895","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T15:12:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":345,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water resources data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-data report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/895","collaboration":"Prepared by U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Annual Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/895.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts;Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5081,41.239 ], [ -73.5081,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,41.239 ], [ -73.5081,41.239 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bd1308e4b00cbf31f7237a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":886,"text":"886 - 1981 - Water resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T15:09:39","indexId":"886","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T15:08:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":345,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water resources data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/886","issn":"0364-4324","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the state of Idaho and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Annual Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/886.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289557,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,41.99 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,41.99 ], [ -117.24,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bd12fde4b00cbf31f7236a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227632,"text":"wri8163 - 1981 - High-performance, liquid-chromatographic method for the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T19:06:29.0084","indexId":"wri8163","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T14:04:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-63","title":"High-performance, liquid-chromatographic method for the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water","docAbstract":"<p>High-performance liquid chromatography provides a rapid and sensitive means for determining polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. A high-performance liquid chromatograph, coupled with ultraviolet or fluorescence detectors has greater selectivity for analysis than methods using gas-chromatographic and flame-ionization systems.</p><p>Several natural water samples were fortified with mixtures of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons containing naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthrene, pyrene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 1,2:5,6-dibenzanthracene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. Resulting solutions, with concentrations of individual polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from 0.05 to 11.0 micrograms per liter, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate limits of method applicability and to acquire necessary precision data.</p><p>The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons considered in this study were detected in the micrograms per liter range and were found to have a total chromatographic elution time of approximately 35 minutes. Successive determinations of standard mixtures, followed by statistical analysis of the data, showed an average mean recovery of 83.1 percent, an average standard deviation of ± 0.130 microgram per liter, and an average relative standard deviation of 7.45 percent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8163","usgsCitation":"White, W.R., and Grabbe, R.R., 1981, High-performance, liquid-chromatographic method for the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-63, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8163.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395391,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0063/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, William R.","contributorId":274511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabbe, Rolland R.","contributorId":274512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabbe","given":"Rolland","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":833094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":36654,"text":"36654 - 1981 - Biological and economic impact of stream alteration in the Virginia Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T14:17:08","indexId":"36654","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T13:35:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"81/33","title":"Biological and economic impact of stream alteration in the Virginia Piedmont","docAbstract":"<p>A 31 month (September 1974 - March 1977) study was conducted on warmwater streams located in the Roanoke Creek watershed of the Piedmont Region of Virginia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of stream channelization on the aquatic/riparian wildlife resource and agricultural land-use patterns associated with the altered streams. Three streams, which were channelized 3, 6, and 10 years prior to initiation of the study, and teo unaltered streams, were selected as representative streams for the study.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Recently channelized streams lacked overstory cover but has an abundance of herbaceous and small woody plany cover, Conversely, control streams had significantly larger percentages of trees over 46 m tall. Plant species diversity, foliage height diversity, and evenness diversity increased as age since channelization increased.</p>\n<br>\n<p>No major differences in water quality parameters were found for either channelized or control streams, although channelized streams had greater deposits of sand and lesser amount of rock, rubble, and gravel. These changes in substrate composition did not significantly modify actual stream flow rates.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Fish species composition and species diversity among channelized and unchannelized streams were only slightly different, with most of the differences probably attributable to strays from adjacent habitats, However, evenness diversity for fish communities was lower in channelized streams.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The benthic population showed greater changes than did the fish populations with an increase in Chironominae tolerant of unstable sand substrates in channelized streams. Evenness diversity of benthic populations was also higher and showed more consistency in the control stream than in channelized streams. Evenness diversity of benthic communities in control stream averaged between 0.5 to 0.6 and was quite consistent; whereas, the average in the two youngest channelized streams was 0.3 to 0.4. These data seem to indicate decreased stability of the biota in altered streams.<p>\n<br>\n<p>In general, benthic macroinvertabrate and fish community parameters collected from channelized streams located 1200 m below a reservoir were either comparable  to, or intermediate between, upstream (unchannelized) and reservoir tailwater values. The shallow surface discharge impoundments associated with channelized streams appeared to have a highly localized impact on the downstream benthic marcoinvertabrate and fish communities.</p>\n<br>\n<p>During winter, bird species diversity (BSD) among channelized stream sites was not significantly different. During the breeding season, species richness (number of breeding species) and BSD increased with age since channelization. Breeding bird densities were 6.2 pairs/ha in the most recent (3 yr) channelized site and 13.3 pairs/ha on the control streams. Bird diversity and density, particularly for Parulids (warblers), during the breeding season were reduced significantly by removal of tree and shrub layers along channelized streams.</p>\n<br>\n<p>No significant differences were found among study sites for either total number of small mammals or their species diversity indices; although, there was a trend toward increasing diversity as age since channelization increased. Smaller differences in species diversity values for small mammals on channelized sites than for birds suggests that small mammal populations require less time for recovery following channelization than avian communities.</p>\n<br>\n<p>When streams are channelized: 1) vegetation should be removed from only one side of the stream, with minimal disturbance of top-soil; followed by plantings of herbaceous and woody vegetation, 2) hedgrow plantings should be maintained between agricultural fields and the stream for bank stabilization, 3) dead snags and large trees should be left for birds, 4) all channelization projects should be designed according to the most recent guidelines recommended by the SCS and other resources agencies.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 1958, the Roanoke County Watershed Work Plan projected annual costs of the structured measures (mainly reservoirs and downstream channelization) to be $79,897 and the average annual monetary benefits to be $111,103. With this favorable benefit/cost ration of 1.4, work began in 1960. In 1970, the annual capital cost was 60,780 and operations/maintenance costs were 10,402, or a total annual project cost of $71, 182. High and low values of annual benefits from agricultural income, water supply, recreation, and non-agricultural flood damage were determined for 1970 and compared to annual project cost. The benefit/cost ratio obtained was between 0.25 and 0.58, considerably lower than the 1.4 estimate of the 1958. work plan. This unsatisfactory ratio for the project was due mainly to the failure of the project to encourage large scale cropping of bottomland area. Future projects should be planned with 1) a greater recognition of constraints on farm operator behavior which affect land use change, 2) conservative projection for land use changes in area where agriculture ids in overall decline, 3) increased use of sensitivity analysis to examine the consequences for project economic justification of alternative land use change projections.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Performed for Eastern Energy and Land Use Team, National Water Resources Analysis Group, Office of Biological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.B., 1981, Biological and economic impact of stream alteration in the Virginia Piedmont: FWS/OBS 81/33, x, 48 p.","productDescription":"x, 48 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Charlotte County","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.904587,36.697909 ], [ -78.904587,37.248759 ], [ -78.443319,37.248759 ], [ -78.443319,36.697909 ], [ -78.904587,36.697909 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4f71e4b0b290850f2b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, James B.","contributorId":39300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":893,"text":"893 - 1981 - Water resources data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-08T12:30:51","indexId":"893","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T12:29:33","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":345,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water resources data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/893","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Maine and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Annual Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/893.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.0843,42.9747 ], [ -71.0843,47.4597 ], [ -66.9454,47.4597 ], [ -66.9454,42.9747 ], [ -71.0843,42.9747 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bd1305e4b00cbf31f72378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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,{"id":70039378,"text":"70039378 - 1981 - River basins of the United States: the Wabash","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T10:58:30","indexId":"70039378","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T11:54:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"River basins of the United States: the Wabash","docAbstract":"This leaflet, one of a series on the river basins of the United States, contains information on the Wabash River Basin, including a brief early history, a description of the physical characteristics, and other statistical data. At present, other river basins included in the series are The Colorado, The Columbia, The Delaware,The Hudson, and The Potomac.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039378","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, River basins of the United States: the Wabash: General Information Product, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039378.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039378/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":261519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039378/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.21666666666667,37.8 ], [ -88.21666666666667,41.06666666666667 ], [ -84.38333333333334,41.06666666666667 ], [ -84.38333333333334,37.8 ], [ -88.21666666666667,37.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aada6e4b0c8380cd86f46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":921,"text":"921 - 1981 - Water resources data: Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T11:39:31","indexId":"921","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T11:36:45","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data: Washington","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/921","issn":"0364-3557","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the state of Washington and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Washington, https://doi.org/10.3133/921.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7857,45.5486 ], [ -124.7857,49.0024 ], [ -116.9156,49.0024 ], [ -116.9156,45.5486 ], [ -124.7857,45.5486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be649ae4b0527d5d409809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039376,"text":"70039376 - 1981 - River basins of the United States: the Hudson","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T09:57:24","indexId":"70039376","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T11:14:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"River basins of the United States: the Hudson","docAbstract":"This leaflet, one of a series on the river basins of the United States, contains information on the Hudson River Basin, including a brief early history, a description of the physical characteristics, and other statistical data. At present, other river basins included in the series are The Colorado, The Columbia, The Delaware, The Potomac, and The Wabash.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039376","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, River basins of the United States: the Hudson: General Information Product, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039376.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039376/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":261514,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039376/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.45,44.13333333333333 ], [ -75.45,40.583333333333336 ], [ -73.3,40.583333333333336 ], [ -73.3,44.13333333333333 ], [ -75.45,44.13333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aada4e4b0c8380cd86f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":920,"text":"920 - 1981 - Water resources data: Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T10:43:53","indexId":"920","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:41:31","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data: Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-supply paper","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/920","issn":"0276-1319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the state of Virginia and other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Virginia, https://doi.org/10.3133/920.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.68,36.54 ], [ -83.68,39.47 ], [ -75.24,39.47 ], [ -75.24,36.54 ], [ -83.68,36.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be649ae4b0527d5d409807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039374,"text":"70039374 - 1981 - River basins of the United States: the Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:41:56","indexId":"70039374","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:36:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"River basins of the United States: the Delaware","docAbstract":"<p>This leaflet, one of a series on the river basins of the United States, contains information on the&nbsp;Delaware River Basin, including a brief early history, a description of the physical characteristics, and other statistical data. At present, other river basins included in the series are The Colorado, The Columbia, The Hudson, The Potomac, and The Wabash.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039374","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, River basins of the United States: the Delaware: General Information Product, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039374.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":259443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delware River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.733333333333334 ], [ -76,42.36666666666667 ], [ -74.43333333333334,42.36666666666667 ], [ -74.43333333333334,38.733333333333334 ], [ -76,38.733333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aada3e4b0c8380cd86f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039373,"text":"70039373 - 1981 - River basins of the United States: the Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T10:20:21","indexId":"70039373","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"River basins of the United States: the Columbia","docAbstract":"This leaflet, one of a series on the river basins of the United States, contains information on the Columbia River Basin, including a brief early history, a description of the physical characteristics, and other statistical data. 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,{"id":918,"text":"918 - 1981 - Water resources data: Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T10:32:31","indexId":"918","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data: Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey water-data report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/918","issn":"0742-1575","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the state of Texas and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: Texas, https://doi.org/10.3133/918.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.65,25.84 ], [ -106.65,36.5 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -106.65,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be6498e4b0527d5d409803","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120213,"text":"70120213 - 1981 - Results of a modeling workshop concerning preservation and protection of wetlands in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-13T10:30:00","indexId":"70120213","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:04:25","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Results of a modeling workshop concerning preservation and protection of wetlands in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>In a recently signed letter, the Governor of North Dakota and the Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks charged a joint state-federal study group with examination of two separate questions: 1) mitigation for the Garrison Diversion Project; and 2) planning for long-range protection and preservation of fish and wildlife habitat in North Dakota.  The cochair for this study group (the Secretary of the Interior's Field Representative, Denver, Colorado, and the Natural Resources Coordinator for North Dakota) further articulated the charge concerning the second of these two questions to include three steps: 1) development of a general plan for preservation and protection of migratory waterfowl and their associated wetland habitat; 2) a comprehensive analysis of alternative strategies, including opportunities and constraints, for achieving the goals articulated in Step 1; and 3) design of a coordinated state-federal public information program to assist in plan implementation.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In order to obtain input from a variety of interests, the joint study group initiated step 2 activities with a five-day workshop in Bismarck, N. D.; December 8-12, 1980.  The objectives of the workshop were: 1) to identify alternative strategies for preserving and enhancing waterfowl production habitat in North Dakota; 2) to identify opportunities and constraints associated with those alternatives; and 3) to promote communication and understanding of the implications of those alternatives for all affected parties.  To achieve these objectives, the workshop utilized a group of concepts and techniques collectively known as Adaptive Environmental Assessment (AEA).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Developed by Dr. C. S. Holling and his co-workers at the University of British Columbia, the AEA process involves planners, managers, scientists, and other interested parties in a structures atmosphere whose focus is the construction and examination of a computerized simulation model of the resource system under consideration.  The modeling process is used to promote communication, identify pertinent issues, identify key data gaps and uncertainties, direct research efforts to fill those gaps, and explore the possible consequences of various management alternatives.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The workshop, which was facilitated by the AEA Group of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), was attended by approximately 25 invited participants representing a variety of interests concerned with the wetlands protection issue in North Dakota.  During the week workshop participants conceptualized and constructed a computerized simulation model incorporating many of the hydrologic, agricultural, and wildlife aspects of the wetlands issue.  During the process of constructing this model and examining its behavior, participants identified several interesting alternative strategies that may prove useful in an overall wetland protection program, along with a variety of constraints associated with each.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Perhaps the most interesting of these alternatives revolve around the idea that there may be a variety of cases in which water can be retained on the land, with concommitant benefits both for wildlife and flood control, without detriment to agricultural productivity.  Examples of this kind of activity include flooding of previously drained Type I wetlands in summer fallow areas, installation of smaller drains in Type I and III wetlands to reduce the rate at which water runs off in the spring, and use of strategically located gates in drainage channels associated with the state highway system to slow runoff and create wetland habitat.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Several other alternatives discussed at the workshop are related to the notion of using available, uncommitted water supplied to enhance or create wetlands.  Several cases were cited in which more certain water supplies would be useful in increasing waterfowl production or reducing disease problems, especially in dry years.  Water for such purposes might come from a variety of current of proposed water development projects, both large and small scale.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Finally, the potential for re-establishment of \"unsuccessfully\" drained (i.e., not consistently usable for agricultural purposes) wetlands was discussed at some length.  There are apparently substantial acreages of such wetlands in North Dakota and a program to acquire and rehabilitate them might be of considerable utility.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The workshop was thus successful in accomplishing its first two objectives--identification of alternative strategies, opportunities, and constraints.  However, it would be naive to suppose that any of the alternatives discussed offers a complete, simple solution to the wetlands issue in North Dakota.  The most important result of the workshop may therefore be that which was accomplished relative to the third objective--promotion of communication and understanding.  It was gratifying and encouraging to see the spirit of communication and cooperation that developed by the end of the workshop.  The fact that representatives of many of the interests concerned with the wetlands issue participated in an open exchange of ideas and information marks an important step forward.  We believe that it is imperative that this cooperative attitude be maintained, and that there are a variety of ways in which this might be accomplished.  Perhaps the simplest would be a small-scale pilot project and research effort to determine the effects of wetland maintenance on summer fallow areas.  Such a research program would provide not only useful information, but an opportunity for many of the affected interests to begin working toward mutually acceptable solutions to the overall wetlands issue.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Energy and Land Use Team","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Andrews, A.K., Auble, G.T., Ellison, R.A., Hamilton, D.B., and Roelle, J.E., 1981, Results of a modeling workshop concerning preservation and protection of wetlands in North Dakota, 61 p.","productDescription":"61 p.","numberOfPages":"61","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ec7bd1e4b02bf5a767409a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellison, Richard A.","contributorId":19087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":497997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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,{"id":904,"text":"904 - 1981 - Water resources data: New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T08:56:16","indexId":"904","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T08:54:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Water resources data: New Jersey","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/904","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Water resources data: New Jersey, https://doi.org/10.3133/904.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53be6490e4b0527d5d4097e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70139922,"text":"70139922 - 1981 - Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:00:21","indexId":"70139922","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3863,"text":"Ciencia Interamericana","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes","docAbstract":"<p>Of the three types of remotely sensed data discussed here, Landsat data offers the greatest potential for monitoring broad changes in extensive tropical forest environments because of its low-cost, synoptic, repetitive coverage. Scientists from developing countries can choose from a variety of Landsat data classification techniques, thus enabling each country to satisfy limitations on available funding, trained personnel, and equipment.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Factors limiting the application of Landsat data&mdash;including relatively low spatial resolution, persistent cloud cover in tropical regions, inadequate coverage of certain areas due to data-acquisition restraints and lack of local Landsat data receiving stations for real-time data recording&mdash;must be considered in any proposed study. Future improvements in Landsat capabilities might extend present applications beyond distinction of forest vs. non-forest cover, determination of gross vegetation or forest type, and generalized land use mapping.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Organización de los Estados Americanos, Departamento de Asuntos Científicos y Tecnológicos","usgsCitation":"Talbot, J.J., and Pettinger, L.R., 1981, Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes: Ciencia Interamericana, v. 21, no. 1-4, p. 63-71.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1c1e4b02e76d7590c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, J. J.","contributorId":21045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talbot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettinger, Lawrence R.","contributorId":18274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettinger","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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