The solubilities of NaCl in aqueous KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and mixed CaCl2-KCl solutions have been determined from 10 to 100??C. The data were fit to an equation, and the equation was used to calculate values of the change in solubility of NaCl, ???[NaCl]/???T. These values are required for calculations of the rate of migration of fluids in a thermal gradient in rock salt. The data obtained here indicate that the values of ???[NaCl]/???T are 36-73% greater for solutions containing divalent ions than for the NaCl-H2O system.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/je00026a014","issn":"00219568","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., Potter, R., and Haas, J., 1981, Solubility of NaCl in aqueous electrolyte solutions from 10 to 100°C: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 26, no. 4, p. 396-398, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00026a014.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"398","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9243e4b08c986b319dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potter, R.W. II","contributorId":16857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"R.W.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":31397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011917,"text":"70011917 - 1981 - Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:05:36.878562","indexId":"70011917","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"This geochemical survey is based on 20 stations located on the outer continental shelf of the southern Bering Sea in an area of 30,000 km2 that includes St. George basin. Hydrocarbon gases from sediment samples recovered by gravity coring at each of the stations were analyzed by gas chromatography. Data are summarized for a subbottom depth of 0.5 m, because core penetration, although variable, reached at least this depth at all of these stations. Two parameters were used to distinguish the possible presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons: (1) ratios less than 50 of methane to ethane plus propane; and (2) ratios greater than 1 of ethane to ethene. No major hydrocarbon anomalies were discovered; however, at two stations at the northern end of St. George basin, our data indicate that thermogenic hydrocarbons may be present at depth. Major faulting in the vicinity of these stations could provide the pathways for the gas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90113-8","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., Vogel, T., and Gardner, J., 1981, Geochemical prospecting for hydrocarbons in the outer continental shelf, Southern Bering Sea, Alaska: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, no. C, p. 209-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90113-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1693e4b0c8380cd551c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogel, T.M.","contributorId":30360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139922,"text":"70139922 - 1981 - Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:00:21","indexId":"70139922","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3863,"text":"Ciencia Interamericana","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes","docAbstract":"Of the three types of remotely sensed data discussed here, Landsat data offers the greatest potential for monitoring broad changes in extensive tropical forest environments because of its low-cost, synoptic, repetitive coverage. Scientists from developing countries can choose from a variety of Landsat data classification techniques, thus enabling each country to satisfy limitations on available funding, trained personnel, and equipment.
\n\n
Factors limiting the application of Landsat data—including relatively low spatial resolution, persistent cloud cover in tropical regions, inadequate coverage of certain areas due to data-acquisition restraints and lack of local Landsat data receiving stations for real-time data recording—must be considered in any proposed study. Future improvements in Landsat capabilities might extend present applications beyond distinction of forest vs. non-forest cover, determination of gross vegetation or forest type, and generalized land use mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Organización de los Estados Americanos, Departamento de Asuntos Científicos y Tecnológicos","usgsCitation":"Talbot, J.J., and Pettinger, L.R., 1981, Use of remote sensing for monitoring deforestation in tropical and subtropical latitudes: Ciencia Interamericana, v. 21, no. 1-4, p. 63-71.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1c1e4b02e76d7590c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, J. J.","contributorId":21045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Talbot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettinger, Lawrence R.","contributorId":18274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettinger","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011699,"text":"70011699 - 1981 - The logic of multispectral classification and mapping of land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:02:23","indexId":"70011699","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The logic of multispectral classification and mapping of land","docAbstract":"The use of multispectral reflectance data as surrogates for land attributes must be done within strict rules of logic and with a recognition of judgmental factors such as the use of a priori or a posteriori classification schemes. The naming and describing of spectral classes as surrogates of information classes is a critical element in the logic of mapping and must be complete and logically consistent. Maps of information classes derived from multispectral data should be portrayed without class boundaries so as to indicate the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity of classes on maps in which these characteristics are of major importance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(81)90022-5","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., 1981, The logic of multispectral classification and mapping of land: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 11, p. 231-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(81)90022-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"244","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bada4e4b08c986b323d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011839,"text":"70011839 - 1981 - Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T20:38:31","indexId":"70011839","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water","docAbstract":"Water samples with specific conductances ranging from 66 to 6950 ??mho/cm at 25 ??C were analyzed for ammonia-N (NH3-N), nitrate plus nitrite-N (NO3 + NO2-N), nitrite-N (NO2-N), and phosphate-P (PO4-P) by using both a \"segmented-flow\" analyzer and a \"discrete\" analyzer. Plots of the discrete vs. the segmented-flow results showed linear correlation coefficients of 0.9980 for NH3-N, 0.9997 for NO3 + NO2-N, 0.9998 for NO2-N, and 0.9950 for PO4-P. The significances of the slope and the y intercept of each plot are discussed in terms of possible biases which may exist between the two systems. Data concerning precision and accuracy for both analyzers are presented. For the four analytes, the rate of sample analysis was 60 samples per hour on the discrete analyzer and 40 samples per hour on the segmented-flow analyzer. ?? 1981 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00088a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Marti, V., and Hale, D., 1981, Comparison of automated segmented-flow and discrete analyzers for the determination of nutrients in water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 15, no. 6, p. 711-713, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00088a012.","startPage":"711","endPage":"713","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269295,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00088a012"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f851e4b0c8380cd4d004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marti, V.C.","contributorId":57596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marti","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hale, D.R.","contributorId":15346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012040,"text":"70012040 - 1981 - Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T13:35:27.878189","indexId":"70012040","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use","docAbstract":"Manganese oxide coatings on gravels from 255 sites on tributary streams in the Genesee River Watershed were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cu. The results were compared with data on bedrock geology, surficial geology and land use, using factor analysis and stepwise multiple regression. All metals except Pb show strong positive correlation with Mn. This association results from the well-known tendency of Mn oxide precipitates to adsorb and incorporate dissolved trace metals. Pb may be present in a separate phase on the gravel surfaces; alternatively Pb abundance may be so strongly influenced by environmental factors that the effect of varying abundance of the carrier phase becomes relatively unimportant. When the effects of varying Mn abundance are allowed for, Pb and to a lesser extent Zn and Cu abundances are seen to be related to commercial, industrial and residential land use. In addition to this pollution effect, all the trace metals, Cd and Ni most strongly, tend to be more abundant in oxide coatings from streams in the forested uplands in the southern part of the area. This probably reflects increased geochemical mobility of the metals in the more acid soils and groundwater of the southern region.
A strong Zn anomaly is present in streams draining areas underlain by the Lockport Formation. Oxide coatings in these streams contain up to 5% Zn, originating from disseminated sphalerite in the Lockport and secondary Zn concentrations in the overlying muck soils.
The same group of metals, plus calcium and loss on ignition, were determined in the silt and clay (minus 230 mesh) fraction of stream sediments from 129 of the same sites, using a hot nitric acid leach. The amounts of manganese in the sediments are low (average 1020 ppm) and manganese oxides are, at most, of relatively minor significance in the trace-metal geochemistry of these sediments. The bulk of the trace metals in sediment appears to be associated with iron oxides, clays and organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90106-0","usgsCitation":"Whitney, P., 1981, Heavy metals and manganese oxides in the genesee watershed, New York state: Effects of geology and land use: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 14, p. 95-117, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90106-0.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3011e4b0c8380cd5d354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, P.R.","contributorId":46671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011867,"text":"70011867 - 1981 - Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:08:37.463196","indexId":"70011867","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation","docAbstract":"An oscillating, radial magnetic dipole source was assumed to exist in the core of the earth, 100 km beneath the core-mantle boundary. As an approximation, electromagnetic propagation was assumed in the core in lieu of hydromagnetic propagation, which could not be used because of unknown internal fields.Using Debye potentials, the radial and horizontal components of the surface fields were calculated using various assumed conductivity parameters in the core and in the mantle. It is concluded that most spherical harmonic models of the earth's magnetic field do not include enough terms to describe properly the field of core sources with periods of tens of years. These short-period variations are especially important in describing the secular variation. Because of this, a proper description of the secular variation requires more spherical harmonic terms than are required for the field itself. Inadequate representation of short-period variations in spherical harmonic models may contribute to the rapid deterioration of predictive models. Alternatives to spherical harmonic analysis for secular variation should be investigated; regardless of the method used, a much greater spatial distribution of high quality secular variation data is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB09p07957","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Alldredge, L., 1981, Magnetic signals from the core of the earth and secular variation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B9, p. 7957-7965, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB09p07957.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7957","endPage":"7965","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b81e4b0c8380cd695bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alldredge, L.R.","contributorId":53457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alldredge","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1007523,"text":"1007523 - 1981 - Estimating bird damage from damage incidence in wine grape vineyards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-22T17:22:05.54829","indexId":"1007523","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":726,"text":"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating bird damage from damage incidence in wine grape vineyards","docAbstract":"Bird damage was measured during 1977 and 1978 at 32 wine grape vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley and North Coastal Region of California. Both the percentage bird loss (PBL) and the percentage of bunches damaged (BDI = bird damage incidence) were determined during 55 total-damage assessments, and the resulting data pairs were used to develop a regression of PBL on BDI. The final prediction equation was loge (PBL + 1) = 0.0385 BDI, for which the SE = 9.6297 10-4, and it accounted for 97% of the observed variation. We conclude that by using that equation, reasonably accurate predictions of PBL can be obtained from relatively quick and inexpensive estimates of BDI. Guidelines for the use of the prediction method and the accuracy of some PBL predictions are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Enology and Viticulture","doi":"10.5344/ajev.1981.32.1.1","usgsCitation":"DeHaven, R.W., and Hothem, R.L., 1981, Estimating bird damage from damage incidence in wine grape vineyards: American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, v. 32, no. 1, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1981.32.1.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131155,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeHaven, R. W.","contributorId":31711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeHaven","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, R. L.","contributorId":82633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10942,"text":"ofr801179 - 1981 - Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T22:02:37.885546","indexId":"ofr801179","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-1179","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer in central northwestern Louisiana is shown by contours using data collected from 1960 to 1980. The aquifer is not affected by regional water-level declines as no large pumping centers have been developed. Seasonal water-level fluctuations in wells are generally less than 10 feet annually.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr801179","usgsCitation":"Ryals, G., 1981, Potentiometric surface of the Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer; Bienville, Red River, and northern Natchitoches, and southern Webster Parishes, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1179, 1 Plate: 18.00 x 15.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr801179.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.00 x 15.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":38706,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/1179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":416885,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Bienville Parish, Natchitoches Parish, Red River Parish, Webster Parish","otherGeospatial":"Wilcox-Carrizo aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6083,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -93.6083,\n 31.8864\n ],\n [\n -92.7778,\n 31.8864\n ],\n [\n -92.7778,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -93.6083,\n 32.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryals, G.N.","contributorId":47374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryals","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011916,"text":"70011916 - 1981 - Sequential extraction techniques applied to a porphyry copper deposit in the basin and range province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:02:43.813029","indexId":"70011916","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential extraction techniques applied to a porphyry copper deposit in the basin and range province","docAbstract":"Comparison of Munsell color value with organic carbon content of 880 samples from 50 drill holes in the Appalachian basin shows that a power curve is the best fit for the data. A color value below 3 to 3.5 indicates the presence of organic carbon but is meaningless in determining the organic carbon content because a large increase in amount of organic carbon causes only a minor decrease in color value. Above 4, the color value is one of the factors that can be used in calculating the organic content. For samples containing equal amounts of organic carbon, calcareous shale containing more than 5% calcite is darker than shale containing less than 5% calcite.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F9197CE-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Hosterman, J.W., and Whitlow, S.I., 1981, Munsell color value as related to organic carbon in Devonian shale of Appalachian basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 2, p. 333-335, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F9197CE-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60d5e4b0c8380cd716d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosterman, John W.","contributorId":48962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosterman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitlow, Sallie I.","contributorId":8854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"Sallie","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000391,"text":"1000391 - 1981 - Allelic variability in species and stocks of Lake Superior ciscoes (Coregoninae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T14:52:48","indexId":"1000391","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allelic variability in species and stocks of Lake Superior ciscoes (Coregoninae)","docAbstract":"Starch gel electrophoresis was used as a means of recognizing species and stocks in Lake Superior Coregonus. Allelic variability at isocitrate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase loci was recorded for samples of lake herring (Coregonus artedii), bloater (C. hoyi), kiyi (C. kiyi), and shortjaw cisco (C. zenithicus) from five Lake Superior localities. The observed frequencies of genotypes within each subsample did not differ significantly from those expected on the basis of random mating, and suggested that each subsample represented either a random sample from a larger randomly mating population or an independent and isolated subpopulation within which mating was random. Significant contingency X2 values for comparisons between both localities and species suggested that more than one randomly mating population occurred among the Lake Superior ciscoes, but did not reveal how many such populations there were. In contrast to the genetic results of this study, morphology seems to be a better descriptor of cisco stocks, and identification of cisco stocks and species will still have to be based on morphological criteria until more data are forthcoming. Where several species are sympatric, management should strive to preserve the least abundant. Failure to do so could result in the extinction or depletion of the rarer forms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f81-227","usgsCitation":"Todd, T.N., 1981, Allelic variability in species and stocks of Lake Superior ciscoes (Coregoninae): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1808-1813, https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-227.","productDescription":"p. 1808-1813","startPage":"1808","endPage":"1813","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266958,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f81-227"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Todd, Thomas N.","contributorId":42547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140589,"text":"70140589 - 1981 - Evaluation of Landsat Multispectral Scanner data for mapping vegetated soil landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T14:47:26","indexId":"70140589","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of Landsat Multispectral Scanner data for mapping vegetated soil landscapes","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner data for Brazos County, Texas, were evaluated in terms of effectiveness for classifying soils on vegetated landscapes at three times during the year: a time of normally adequate soil water, a time of expected soil water deficit, and a time when soil water is normally being replenished. Six test sites were used to evaluate LARSYS supervised and unsupervised classification of vegetated soil landscapes. Open grassland soils were best separated in the fall during a period when soil moisture was being replenished after the summer period of soil water deficit. Woodland soils were separated by Landsat data in late spring when adequate moisture was available. However, a high degree of accuracy was not achieved using Landsat for separating soil map units. Accurate separation of soil mapping units on vegetated landscapes was not possible during late summer when soil water was deficient. Selected soil properties important to plant growth were separable on the test sites using June and October Landsat data. Particle size and soil moisture regime were separated at both dates. Soils with argillic horizons were separated from soils without argillic horizons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500010020x","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D.R., Haas, R.H., and Milford, M.H., 1981, Evaluation of Landsat Multispectral Scanner data for mapping vegetated soil landscapes: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 45, no. 1, p. 91-95, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500010020x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297874,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Brazos 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D. R.","contributorId":139146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milford, M. H.","contributorId":139147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milford","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011743,"text":"70011743 - 1981 - Location of the Border Ranges fault southwest of Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T12:15:35.46436","indexId":"70011743","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location of the Border Ranges fault southwest of Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"A positive magnetic anomaly extends discontinuously from the south side of the Copper River basin, along the southeast side of Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, and southwestward from Kodiak Island to near Sutwik Island. Regionally, this anomaly parallels the Border Ranges fault and is within 10 km of it along the Kodiak Islands. The most probable source for the anomaly near Kodiak Island is mainly Early Jurassic plutonic rocks and locally ultramafic rocks that are associated with a melange. The Border Ranges fault lies between these two rock types, and given the regional parallelism of the fault and the magnetic anomaly, the fault can be traced offshore southwest of Kodiak Island to near Sutwik Island using marine magnetic data. Lithologic evidence suggests that the fault continues southwest of Sutwik Island toward the southwest end of the Alaska Peninsula.
Pliocene to Holocene deposits of the U.S.Atlantic Coastal Plain from Maryland to Georgia are divided into four stages and four substages using molluscan biostratigraphic data. These divisions are the Wiltonian and Burwellian Stages (early Pliocene), Gouldian and Windyan Substages of the Colerainian Stage (late Pliocene to early Pleistocene), and Myrtlean and Yongesian Substages of the Longian Stage (late Pleistocene to Holocene). These stages may be recognized from Florida to as far north as Massachusetts and will facilitate correlation with other regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontology Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000061862","usgsCitation":"Blackwelder, B.W., 1981, Late Cenozoic stages and molluscan zones of the U.S. Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain: Journal of Paleontology, Supplement, Part II, v. 55, no. 5, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000061862.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44cae4b0c8380cd66dac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwelder, B. W.","contributorId":104136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwelder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011926,"text":"70011926 - 1981 - A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:34","indexId":"70011926","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations","docAbstract":"A distribution-free estimator of the slope of a regression line is introduced. This estimator is designated Sm and is given by the median of the set of n(n - 1)/2 slope estimators, which may be calculated by inserting pairs of points (Xi, Yi)and (Xj, Yj)into the slope formula Si = (Yi - Yj)/(Xi - Xj), 1 ??? i < j ??? n Once Sm is determined, outliers may be detected by calculating the \"residuals\" given by Ri = Yi - SmXi where 1 ??? i ??? n, and chosing the median Rm. Outliers are defined as points for which |Ri - Rm| > k (median {|Ri - Rm|}). If no outliers are found, the Y-intercept is given by Rm. Confidence limits on Rm and Sm can be found from the sets of Ri and Si, respectively. The distribution-free estimators are compared with the least-squares estimators now in use by utilizing published data. Differences between the least-squares and distribution-free estimates are discussed, as are the drawbacks of the distribution-free techniques. ?? 1981 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01079647","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Vugrinovich, R., 1981, A distribution-free alternative to least-squares regression and its application to Rb/Sr isochron calculations: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 13, no. 5, p. 443-454, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079647.","startPage":"443","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205068,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01079647"},{"id":220868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c3e4b0c8380cd461ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vugrinovich, R.G.","contributorId":38712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vugrinovich","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012106,"text":"70012106 - 1981 - Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T21:20:50","indexId":"70012106","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1215,"text":"Chemical Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation","docAbstract":"The electronic absorption and laser excited, wavelength resolved fluorescence spectra of the title cation have been observed in solid Ne matrix and vibrationally analysed. The vibrational structure of the excited B2A2??? state shows close similarity to the parent compound. The X2E??? ground state structure is strongly perturbed and irregular owing to a large Jahn-Teller distortion. The data are analysed in terms of a recently developed, sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theoretical model. We have generated the sym-C6Br3F3+ cations in solid Ne matrix and obtained their wavelength resolved emission and absorption spectra. T ground electronic X2E??? state exhibits an irregular and strongly perturbed vibrational structure, which can be successfully modeled using sophisticated multimode Jahn-Teller theory. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4","issn":"03010104","usgsCitation":"Bondybey, V., Sears, T., Miller, T., Vaughn, C., English, J., and Shiley, R., 1981, Ne matrix spectra of the sym-C6Br3F3+ radical cation: Chemical Physics, v. 61, no. 1-2, p. 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4.","startPage":"9","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221929,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269232,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(81)85043-4"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63c7e4b0c8380cd726b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bondybey, V.E.","contributorId":74879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bondybey","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sears, T.J.","contributorId":51912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sears","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T.A.","contributorId":49926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughn, C.","contributorId":23689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"English, J.H.","contributorId":28746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"English","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shiley, R.S.","contributorId":37899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70011780,"text":"70011780 - 1981 - Estimation of accumulation parameters for urban runoff quality modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:31:37","indexId":"70011780","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of accumulation parameters for urban runoff quality modeling","docAbstract":"Many recently developed watershed models utilize accumulation and washoff equations to simulate the quality of runofffrom urban impervious areas. These models often have been calibrated by trial and error and with little understanding of model sensitivity to the various parameters. Methodologies for estimating best fit values of the washoff parameters commonly used in these models have been presented previously. In this paper, parameter identification techniques for estimating the accumulation parameters from measured runoff quality data are presented along with a sensitivity analysis of the parameters. Results from application of the techniques and the sensitivity analysis suggest a need for data quantifying the magnitude and identifying the shape of constituent accumulation curves. An exponential accumulation curve is shown to be more general than the linear accumulation curves used in most urban runoff quality models. When determining accumulation rates, attention needs to be given to the effects of residual amounts of constituents remaining after the previous period of storm runoff or street sweeping.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR017i006p01657","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., and Smith, P.E., 1981, Estimation of accumulation parameters for urban runoff quality modeling: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1657-1664, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR017i006p01657.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1657","endPage":"1664","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6fe4b0c8380cd5270c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Peter E.","contributorId":50609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139716,"text":"70139716 - 1981 - Remote sensing: a tool for park planning and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:00:44","indexId":"70139716","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3861,"text":"Parks","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing: a tool for park planning and management","docAbstract":"Remote sensing may be defined as the science of imaging or measuring objects from a distance. More commonly, however, the term is used in reference to the acquisition and use of photographs, photo-like images, and other data acquired from aircraft and satellites. Thus, remote sensing includes the use of such diverse materials as photographs taken by hand from a light aircraft, conventional aerial photographs obtained with a precision mapping camera, satellite images acquired with sophisticated scanning devices, radar images, and magnetic and gravimetric data that may not even be in image form. Remotely sensed images may be color or black and white, can vary in scale from those that cover only a few hectares of the earth's surface to those that cover tens of thousands of square kilometers, and they may be interpreted visually or with the assistance of computer systems. This article attempts to describe several of the commonly available types of remotely sensed data, to discuss approaches to data analysis, and to demonstrate (with image examples) typical applications that might interest managers of parks and natural areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Union for Conservation of Nature","usgsCitation":"Draeger, W.C., and Pettinger, L.R., 1981, Remote sensing: a tool for park planning and management: Parks, v. 6, no. 3, p. 1-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"550aa1bee4b02e76d7590bfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draeger, William C.","contributorId":46522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pettinger, Lawrence R.","contributorId":18274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettinger","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011776,"text":"70011776 - 1981 - Rates and possible causes of neotectonic vertical crustal movements of the emerged southeastern United States Atlantic coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T12:06:39.171354","indexId":"70011776","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates and possible causes of neotectonic vertical crustal movements of the emerged southeastern United States Atlantic coastal plain","docAbstract":"Emerged Pliocene and Pleistocene shorelines and associated marine deposits were used to determine the magnitude and rate of vertical crustal movement during the past 3 m.y. in the United States Atlantic Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina. On the basis of a new regional ostracode assemblage zonation, planktic biostratigraphic data, and radiometric data, emerged marine deposits were determined to be primarily interglacial and can tentatively be correlated with hemispheric warm intervals in evidence from deep-sea data.
The paleontologic evidence indicates a primary glacio-eustatic component to the local sea-level record and a secondary tectonic component. Net vertical uplift rates averaging 1 to 3 cm/1,000 yr, but perhaps as high as 5 to 10 cm/1,000 yr, are in evidence for the emerged Coastal Plain. Although details of the timing of regional rheological events remain obscure, the trend of net uplift contrasts with general subsidence rates of about 2 to 4 cm/1,000 yr since the Cretaceous in submerged parts of the continental margin near subsiding sedimentary troughs. Hydro-isostatic crustal response to multiple deglaciation events may have periodically uplifted the coast, but long-term lithospheric flexural upwarping in response to sediment loading offshore is a more plausible mechanism to explain the present positions of shorelines above present mean sea level. A eustatic sea-level model is proposed for interglacial high stands of the past 3.0 m.y.
Vitrinite reflectance measured in immersion oil (Ro) on kerogen extracted from hydrothermally altered mudstones in borehole M-84 at the Cerro Prieto geothermal field exhibit an increase in mean reflectance (
A comparison of temperature-
Comparison of the temperature-
A network of seismograph stations has operated in north-central New Mexico since 1975. The network is approximately 200 by 300 km in size and encompasses the Rio Grande rift there. Several seismic refraction experiments have been reported in the literature for the region of the network and adjacent areas. Because all of the seismic refraction lines are unreversed, Pn velocities reported were mainly of the inverse travel time slope for the direction of the corresponding line. The values of the inverse slope for those studies range from 7.6 to 8.2 km/s. The purpose of our study is to estimate the P wave velocity of the uppermost mantle by using the time term method. First, we timed the Pn waves of strong signals from five explosions and eight shallow earthquakes recorded by the network. The main data set, which contains 87 time-distance pairs, was processed by using the time term method. The Pn velocity estimated by this method is 8.0 ± 0.1 km/s. To corroborate this estimate, we then processed 10 subsets of the main data set in the same way. Almost all of the solutions show velocities of 7.9–8.1 km/s, in agreement with the velocity determined for the main data set. The station time terms of the main data set also are substantiated, and they suggest that the base of the crust dips northward by a few degrees in the region of the survey. The smallest value reported by other investigators for the inverse slope (7.6 km/s) appears to be related to the dip. The normal P wave velocity of the uppermost mantle of north-central New Mexico places restrictions on thermal models of the rift. For instance, the results exclude the likelihood of a wide zone of asthenosphere at the base of the crust beneath the rift, but they do not exclude a narrow such zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB08p07055","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Murdock, J., and Jaksha, L., 1981, The P-wave velocity of the uppermost mantle of the Rio Grande rift region of north central New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B8, p. 7055-7063, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB08p07055.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7055","endPage":"7063","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba870e4b08c986b321c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdock, J.N.","contributorId":41589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdock","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaksha, L.H.","contributorId":26298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaksha","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011702,"text":"70011702 - 1981 - Estimating usable resources from historical industry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T17:00:35.779734","indexId":"70011702","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating usable resources from historical industry data","docAbstract":"Historical production statistics are used to predict the quantity of remaining usable resources. The commodities considered are mercury, copper and its byproducts gold and silver, and petroleum; the production and discovery data are for the United States. The results of the study indicate that the cumulative return per unit of effort, herein measured as grade of metal ores and discovery rate of recoverable petroleum, is proportional to a negative power of total effort expended, herein measured as total ore mined and total exploratory wells or footage drilled. This power relationship can be extended to some limiting point (a lower ore grade or a maximum number of exploratory wells or footage), and the apparent quantity of available remaining resource at that limit can be calculated. For mercury ore of grades at and above 0.1 percent, the remaining usable resource in the United States is calculated to be 54 million kg (1,567,000 flasks). For copper ore of grades at and above 0.2 percent, the remaining usable copper resource is calculated to be 270 million metric tons (298 million short tons); remaining resources of its by-products gold and silver are calculated to be 3,656 metric tons (118 million troy ounces) and 64,676 metric tons (2,079 million troy ounces), respectively. The undiscovered recoverable crude oil resource in the conterminous United States, at 3 billion feet of additional exploratory drilling, is calculated to be nearly 37.6 billion barrels; the undiscovered recoverable petroleum resource in the Permian basin of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, at 300 million feet of additional exploratory drilling or 50,000 additional exploratory wells, is calculated to be about 6.2 billion BOE (barrels of oil equivalent).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1081","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Cargill, S., Root, D.H., and Bailey, E.H., 1981, Estimating usable resources from historical industry data: Economic Geology, v. 76, no. 5, p. 1081-1095, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1081.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1081","endPage":"1095","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6ce4b0c8380cd526fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cargill, S.M.","contributorId":64776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cargill","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, E. H.","contributorId":44509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011698,"text":"70011698 - 1981 - Mt. St. Helens: evidence of increased magmatic gas component","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:26","indexId":"70011698","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mt. St. Helens: evidence of increased magmatic gas component","docAbstract":"This paper presents measurements of SO2 flux and ash leachate chemistry from Mt. St. Helens volcano during the period May 18 to July 22 which are in contrast to similar data from before May 18. Comparison of post-18 May SO2 data with similar data from other volcanoes leads to the conclusion that between 15 and 25 May the SO2 flux reached typical magmatic levels. Ash leachate chemistry from the eruption of 18 May, 22 June and 22 July also indicate a large magmatic gas component. Concentrations of Cl- and SO2-4 on May 18 ash increase with distance from the volcano and decrease with time. Leachate chemistry is used to estimate that a minimum of 2.4 ?? 105 tons of S were released on May 18. Low F concentrations on the ash, though increasing, present to health hazards. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Stoiber, R., Williams, S., Malinconico, L., Johnston, D.A., and Casadevall, T.J., 1981, Mt. St. Helens: evidence of increased magmatic gas component: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 11, no. 2-4, p. 203-212.","startPage":"203","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f80e4b0c8380cd70fbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoiber, R.E.","contributorId":51020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoiber","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, S.N.","contributorId":15761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malinconico, L.L. Jr.","contributorId":45456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malinconico","given":"L.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, D. A.","contributorId":18109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}