{"pageNumber":"1662","pageRowStart":"41525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":5222738,"text":"5222738 - 1994 - Flock sizes and sex ratios of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:43:20.632391","indexId":"5222738","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flock sizes and sex ratios of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the distribution, size, and sex ratios of flocks of wintering canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) is fundamental to understanding the species' winter ecology and providing guidelines for management. Consequently, in winter 1986-87, we conducted 4 monthly aerial photographic surveys to investigate temporal changes in distribution, size, and sex ratios of canvasback flocks in traditional wintering areas of Chesapeake Bay and coastal North Carolina. Surveys yielded 35mm imagery of 194,664 canvasbacks in 842 flocks. Models revealed monthly patterns of flock size in North Carolina and Virginia, but no pattern of change in Maryland. A stepwise analysis of flock size and sex ratio fit a common positive slope (increasing proportion male) for all state-month datasets, except for North Carolina in February where the slope was larger (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). State and month effects on intercepts were significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and confirmed a previously identified latitudinal gradient in sex ratio in the survey region. There was no relationship between flock purity (% canvasbacks vs. other species) and flock size except in North Carolina in January, February, and March when flock purity was related to flock size. Contrasting characteristics in North Carolina with regard to flock size (larger flocks) and flock purity suggested that proximate factors were reinforcing flocking behavior and possibly species fidelity there. Of possible factors, the need to locate foraging sites within this large, open-water environment was hypothesized to be of primary importance. Comparison of January 1981 and 1987 sex ratios indicated no change in Maryland, but lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) canvasback sex ratios (proportion male) in Virginia and North Carolina.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809558","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Derleth, E.L., and Link, W., 1994, Flock sizes and sex ratios of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 123-131, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809558.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194280,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake 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C.","contributorId":81116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandara","given":"S. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, E. M.","contributorId":100068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbons, W.","contributorId":96764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbons","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinds, B.A.","contributorId":78011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinds","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews, F.L.","contributorId":44944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":18095,"text":"ofr9441 - 1994 - Distribution and variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:15","indexId":"ofr9441","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-41","title":"Distribution and variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Aquifers are the primary source of water for drinking and agricultural purposes in western Oklahoma. Health concerns about consuming nitrogen and an increased reliance on ground water for drinking necessitate a better understanding of the cause and effect of contamination from nutrients. The purpose of this project was to compile nutrients data from the National Water Information System data base for the alluvial aquifers west of longitude 98 degrees W. and from three bedrock aquifers, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine, and provide this information in a report for future projects and for the facilitation of nutrient source management.\r\nThe scope of the work consisted of (1) compiling ground-water quality data concerning nitrogen and phosphorus ions, (2) constructing boxplots illustrating data variability, (3) maps for each aquifer showing locations of wells when nitrogen and phosphorus ions were measured in ground water and where concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, reported as nitrogen, exceed the maximum contaminant level, and (4) calculating summary statistics.\r\n\r\nNutrient data were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey data base called the National Water Information System. Data were restricted to ground-water samples, but no restrictions were placed on well and water use or date and time of sampling.\r\n\r\nCompiled nutrient data consist of dissolved and total concentrations of the common nitrogen and phosphorus ions measured in ground water. For nitrogen these ions include nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and nitrite plus nitrate. All concentrations are reported in milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Phosphorus in ground water is measured as the orthophosphate ion, and is reported in milligrams per liter as phosphorus.\r\n\r\nNutrient variability is illustrated by a standard boxplot. The data are presented by aquifer or hydrologic subregion for alluvial aquifers, with one boxplot constructed for each nutrient compound if more than four analyses are present. Maps for each aquifer show where nitrogen and phosphorus have been measured in ground water and where the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite exceed the maximum contaminant level. A statistical summary for each aquifer and subregion show if censored data were present, number of samples in each data set, largest minimum reporting level for each nutrient compound, percentiles used to construct boxplots, and minimum and maximum values. Also given are the number of wells sampled in each aquifer and the number of wells exceeding the maximum contaminant level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9441","usgsCitation":"Becker, C., 1994, Distribution and variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the alluvial, High Plains, Rush Springs, and Blaine aquifers in western Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-41, iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9441.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47454,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, C.J.","contributorId":64269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17963,"text":"ofr9440 - 1994 - Water-quality data for the South Umpqua River Basin, Oregon, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T12:00:16","indexId":"ofr9440","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-40","title":"Water-quality data for the South Umpqua River Basin, Oregon, 1990-92","docAbstract":"<p>Data are presented from a study of algal and nutrient dynamics in the South Umpqua River Basin in southwestern Oregon during summer, low-flow periods from September 1990 to October 1992. The study was done to assist local and state regulatory agencies in determining total maximum daily loads of nutrients for the basin in order to maintain dissolved oxygen greater than 90 percent of saturation and pH less than 8.5 units. Fifty-one sites, including South Umpqua River, tributaries, and wastewater-treatment plant effluents, were sampled during this period. The study included collection of 537 samples or measurements from surface-water sites, 315 samples of wastewater-treatment-plant effluents, 1,262 field measurements during intensive studies within individual reaches, daily mean flow data from 6 streamflow gaging stations, daily mean water-quality data from 2 fixed-station monitors recording hourly, and various biological data including bacteria, algae and macro invertebrates in the river. Also included are notes from field reconnaissance surveys and a compilation of quality-assurance data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9440","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C.W., Tanner, D.Q., and Lee, D.B., 1994, Water-quality data for the South Umpqua River Basin, Oregon, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-40, vi, 156 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9440.","productDescription":"vi, 156 p.","numberOfPages":"162","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5730","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":139268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":178290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Dwight Q.","contributorId":93452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Dwight","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Douglas B.","contributorId":70748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":17961,"text":"ofr94397 - 1994 - Proceedings Abstracts: American Water Resources Association's Symposium on the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program--November 7-9, 1994, Chicago, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T18:17:25","indexId":"ofr94397","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-397","title":"Proceedings Abstracts: American Water Resources Association's Symposium on the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program--November 7-9, 1994, Chicago, Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>Approximately 418,000 pounds of triazine herbicides are applied annually to control weeds in crops grown in the Albemarle-Pamilico Sound drainage basin, located in North Carolina and Virginia. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect concentrations of total triazine herbicides in streams draining into Albemarle-Pamlico Sound. Water samples were collected in May and June during the application of triazine herbicides and in early September during low streamflows at approximately 40 sites on streams in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Physiographic Provinces. Triazine concentrations exceeded 0.2 ?g/L (micrograms per liter) in 67 percent of the water samples collected In June, and 13 percent of the water samples exceeded 0.2 ?g/L in September during low streamflows. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for total triazine herbicides provides a low-cost and rapid analytical method for screening water samples prior to sending them to a laboratory and for semiquantitatively assessing seasonal concentrations of triazine herbicides in streams throughout a large region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94397","usgsCitation":"1994, Proceedings Abstracts: American Water Resources Association's Symposium on the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program--November 7-9, 1994, Chicago, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-397, 21 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94397.","productDescription":"21 p. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151210,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0397/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0397/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6608bf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":37766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749552,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18173,"text":"ofr94535 - 1994 - Directory of Member Organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18173,"text":"ofr94535 - 1994 - Directory of Member Organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr94535","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of Member Organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":72575,"text":"ofr96415 - 1996 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr96415","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":72575,"text":"ofr96415 - 1996 - Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","indexId":"ofr96415","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Directory of member organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr94535","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-535","title":"Directory of Member Organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX)","docAbstract":"The National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX) is a national confederation of water-oriented organizations working together to improve access to water data. It consists of member organizations from all sectors of the water-data community. This Directory provides the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all NAWDEX member organizations and their designated NAWDEX representatives.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr94535","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, C.D., 1994, Directory of Member Organizations of the National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-535, xviii, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94535.","productDescription":"xviii, 113 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0535/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0535/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, Cassandra D.","contributorId":25562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33738,"text":"b2059D - 1994 - Contribution of artesian water to progressive failure of the upper part of the Delhi Pike landslide complex, Cincinnati, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:24","indexId":"b2059D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2059","chapter":"D","title":"Contribution of artesian water to progressive failure of the upper part of the Delhi Pike landslide complex, Cincinnati, Ohio","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/b2059D","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., 1994, Contribution of artesian water to progressive failure of the upper part of the Delhi Pike landslide complex, Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2059, iv, p. D1-D14, ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2059D.","productDescription":"iv, p. D1-D14, ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2059d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61607,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2059d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":211854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017974,"text":"70017974 - 1994 - Atmospheric circulation and snowpack in the Gunnison River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Atmospheric circulation and snowpack in the Gunnison River Basin","docAbstract":"Winter mean 700-millibar height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the western United States are related to variability in snowpack accumulations measured on or about April 1 in the Gunnison River Basin in Colorado. Higher-than-average snowpack accumulations are associated with negative 700-millibar height anomalies (anomalous cyclonic circulation) over the western United States and over most of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The anomalous cyclonic circulation enhances the movement of moisture from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the southwestern United States. Variability in winter mean 700-millibar height anomalies explain over 50 percent of the variability in snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River Basin. The statistically significant linear relations between 700-millibar height anomalies and snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River Basin can be used with general-circulation-model simulations of future 700-millibar height anomalies to estimate changes in snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River Basin for future climatic conditions.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and Management: Solving the Problems","conferenceDate":"23 May 1994 through 26 May 1994","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0784400202","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., 1994, Atmospheric circulation and snowpack in the Gunnison River Basin, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Water Policy and, Denver, CO, USA, 23 May 1994 through 26 May 1994, p. 481-484.","startPage":"481","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eebee4b0c8380cd49f07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":378074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54429,"text":"wdrCA933 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"wdrCA933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CA-93-3","title":"Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1993 water year for California consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents in lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells. Volume 3 contains discharge records for 175 streamflow-gaging stations, 3 crest-stage partial-record streamflow stations and 79 miscellaneous measurement stations; stage and contents records for 45 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records for 52 streamflow-gaging stations and 7 partial-record stations; and precipitation records for one gaging station. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and with other agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrCA933","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Mullen, J., Anderson, S., and Hayes, P., 1994, Water Resources Data, California, Water Year 1993. Volume 3. Southern Central Valley Basins and the Great Basin from Walker River to Truckee River (Legacy Report): U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CA-93-3, xvii, 583 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCA933.","productDescription":"xvii, 583 p.","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"1993-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":631,"text":"Water Resources Division-California District","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wdr_CA_93_3.jpg"},{"id":174280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/ca-93/WDR-1993-vol3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern Central Valley Basins;Great Basin;Walker River;Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,42 ], [ -114.13333333333334,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Legacy Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc1a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mullen, J.R.","contributorId":92683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.W.","contributorId":25628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, P.D.","contributorId":52644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26310,"text":"wri924166 - 1994 - Ground-water resources of Okeechobee County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"wri924166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4166","title":"Ground-water resources of Okeechobee County, Florida","docAbstract":"Rapid population growth in Okeechobee County, Florida will increase future demand for potable water. Much of the ground water within the county is vulnerable to saltwater upconing or recharge water of poor-quality from the land surface. The surficial aquifer system within the county is a major source of domestic and public water supply. This system consists of sand, silt, and shell and has a maximum thickness of about 250 feet. Water in the surficial aquifer system is generally potable except in areas where brackish water has intruded from wells tapping the Floridan aquifer system. The Floridan aquifer system is a sequence of limestone and dolomite that is about 2,500 feet thick. Water in the Floridan aquifer system ranges from marginally potable to brackish. Use of this aquifer system for public water supply is limited because the potable water is not located near population centers. The Floridan aquifer system is used extensively for agricultural irrigation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924166","usgsCitation":"Bradner, L.A., 1994, Ground-water resources of Okeechobee County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4166, v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924166.","productDescription":"v, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4166/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55107,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55059,"text":"wdrVA931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Virginia, water year 1993; Volume 1: Surface-water discharge and surface-water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T18:37:04.749367","indexId":"wdrVA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"VA-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Virginia, water year 1993; Volume 1: Surface-water discharge and surface-water quality records","docAbstract":"<p>The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Virginia each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled \"Water Resources Data - Virginia.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrVA931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Prugh, B., Herman, P., and Belval, D.L., 1994, Water resources data, Virginia, water year 1993; Volume 1: Surface-water discharge and surface-water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report VA-93-1, xx, 554 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrVA931.","productDescription":"xx, 554 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,{"id":54518,"text":"wdrFL941B - 1994 - Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994; Volume 1B. Northeast Florida ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T18:59:32.068034","indexId":"wdrFL941B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"FL-94-1B","title":"Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994; Volume 1B. Northeast Florida ground water","docAbstract":"<p>The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State, local, and Federal agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Florida each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrFL941B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Florida and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994, Water resources data, Florida, water year 1994; Volume 1B. 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,{"id":70016977,"text":"70016977 - 1994 - Geochemistry of tectonically expelled fluids from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T11:36:37.024484","indexId":"70016977","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of tectonically expelled fluids from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Tectonic compression has created abnormally high pressure on deep basinal fluids causing their expulsion from areally exposed Upper Cretaceous rock along the eastern margin of the California Coast ranges. The fluids emerge as near-neutral, perennial sodium chloride springs at high elevations with flow rates as high as 10 L per min. Higher spring discharges are more common around the exposure of a west-vergent fault propagation fold axis. Spring waters range from ~1000 to 27,000 mg/L TDS. The least saline water (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>18</mn></msup><mtext>O = &amp;#x2212;7.5&amp;#x2030;</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ<sup>18</sup>O = −7.5‰</span></span></span>) closely represents local meteoric water that mixes with saline fluid (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>18</mn></msup><mtext>O = +5.3&amp;#x2030;</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">δ<sup>18</sup>O = +5.3‰</span></span></span>) and forms a slope of ~3.5 on a δD vs. δ<sup>18</sup>O plot. A Na (125 to 8000 mg/L) vs. Cl (150 to 17,000 mg/L) plot shows a linear dilution trend that extends close to, but below, the values for modern seawater. Calcium (75–3000 mg/L) is considerably enriched relative to seawater and forms a nonlinear trend with chloride. In detail, the “Na deficit,” defined by the difference between the measured Na content and the Na concentration on a hypothetical seawater dilution line, is approximately balanced by the Ca excess, similarly defined by the seawater dilution line. This relationship strongly suggests that the fluid is diluted seawater that is being modified by active albitization of plagioclase at different depths. Simultaneous B and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O enrichment of the fluids, accompanied by deuterium depletion, further suggest that the seawater modification is influenced by clay diagenesis.</p><p>Bicarbonate and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations show an inverse correlation with Cl, with most waters being saturated or slightly oversaturated with calcite and quartz at the discharge temperatures. Some freshwater springs with near-meteoric stable isotope values may represent mixing of young groundwater from perched aquifers, but in many cases, the freshwater springs emerge along the same structures and have the same perennial nature as the saline fluids, and expulsion of an older fresh groundwater component that is under abnormal fluid pressures cannot be ruled out. Basinal fluids elsewhere commonly show dilution trends with local meteoric water, and in the case of the Rumsey Hills, some of the dilute saline waters may indicate deep penetration of meteoric water (&gt; 1 km) in the Pleistocene before the latest tectonic uplift.</p><p>Geothermometry of the spring waters (maximum ~90°C) suggest an origin from as deep as 4.0 km. This depth is consistent with the depth of the core of a fault propagation anticline below the surface of the Rumsey Hills developed by active internal deformation of an east-tapering wedge beneath the southwestern Sacramento Valley. Active tectonic compression causes near-lithostatic fluid pressures in the shallow subsurface below the Rumsey Hills and volume strain within the core of the anticline that results in upward expulsion of the saline fluids from the indicated depths.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(94)90530-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Davisson, M., Presser, T.S., and Criss, R., 1994, Geochemistry of tectonically expelled fluids from the northern Coast ranges, Rumsey Hills, California, USA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 7, p. 1687-1699, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90530-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1687","endPage":"1699","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Capay Valley, Rumsey Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.83116906852135,\n              40.11316663404756\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.83116906852135,\n              39.22739587633049\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1748189799561,\n              39.22739587633049\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1748189799561,\n              40.11316663404756\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.83116906852135,\n              40.11316663404756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1718e4b0c8380cd5539d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presser, T. S.","contributorId":93875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017631,"text":"70017631 - 1994 - Unusual ice diamicts emplaced during the December 15, 1989 eruption of Redoubt volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T22:12:00.971144","indexId":"70017631","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual ice diamicts emplaced during the December 15, 1989 eruption of Redoubt volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Ice diamict comprising clasts of glacier ice and subordinate rock debris in a matrix of ice (snow) grains, coarse ash, and frozen pore water was deposited during the eruption of Redoubt Volcano on December 15, 1989. Rounded clasts of glacier ice and snowpack are as large as 2.5 m, clasts of Redoubt andesite and basement crystalline rocks reach 1 m, and tabular clasts of entrained snowpack are as long as 10 m.</p><p>Ice diamict was deposited on both the north and south volcano flanks. On Redoubt's north flank along the east side of Drift piedmont glacier and outwash valley, ice diamict accumulated as at least 3 units, each 1–5 m thick. Two ice-diamict layers underlie a pumice-lithic fall tephra that accumulated on December 15 from 10:15 to 11:45 AST. A third ice diamict overlies the pumiceous tephra. Some of the ice diamicts have a basal ‘ice-sandstone’ layer. The north side icy flows reached as far as 14 km laterally over an altitude drop of 2.3 km and covered an area of about 5.7 km<sup>2</sup>. On Crescent Glacier on the south volcano flank, a composite ice diamict is locally as thick as 20 m. It travelled 4.3 km over an altitude drop of 1.7 km, covering about 1 km<sup>2</sup>. The much higher mobility of the northside flows was influenced by their much higher water contents than the southside flow(s).</p><p>Erupting hot juvenile andesite triggered and turbulently mixed with snow avalanches at snow-covered glacier heads. These flows rapidly entrained more snow, firn, and ice blocks from the crevassed glacier. On the north flank, a trailing watery phase of each ice-diamict flow swept over and terraced the new icy deposits. The last (and perhaps each) flood reworked valley-floor snowpack and swept 35 km downvalley to the sea. Ice diamict did not form during eruptions after December 15 despite intervening snowfalls. These later pyroclastic flows swept mainly over glacier ice rather than snowpack and generated laharic floods rather than snowflows.</p><p>Similar flows of mixed ice grains and pyroclastic debris resulted from the November 13, 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano and from eruptions of snowclad Mount St. Helens in 1982–1984. Such deposits at snowclad volcanoes are initially broad and geomorphically distinct, but they soon become extensively reworked and hard to recognize in the geologic record.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(94)90045-0","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R., Gardner, C.A., Pierson, T., Major, J., and Neal, C., 1994, Unusual ice diamicts emplaced during the December 15, 1989 eruption of Redoubt volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 62, no. 1-4, p. 409-428, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)90045-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.8932952880859,\n              60.391808675970445\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.6103973388672,\n              60.391808675970445\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.6103973388672,\n              60.575500068060016\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8932952880859,\n              60.575500068060016\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8932952880859,\n              60.391808675970445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd03e4b08c986b328e8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, R. B.","contributorId":78766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, C. A.","contributorId":75916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierson, T.C. 0000-0001-9002-4273","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":41855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Major, J. J. 0000-0003-2449-4466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":29461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017885,"text":"70017885 - 1994 - Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Pamlico and Neuse River estuaries, in North Carolina, display similar physical characteristics because of their proximity and physiographic setting. Yet, because of channel configuration and longitudinal alignment, differences in circulation and flushing exist. Spatially detailed hydrodynamic models were applied to each estuary to characterize these differences. The models were calibrated and tested using continuous records of water level and salinity collected at 15-minute intervals at sites throughout each study reach. Data and model simulations indicate that the alignment of each estuary in relation to Pamlico Sound and the predominant wind directions have significant effects on circulation and transport within each system. The range in simulated flow at the mouth of the Neuse River estuary was nearly 25 percent greater than that simulated at the mouth of the Pamlico River estuary. Simulated cumulative transport for an 11-day period in June 1991 was also greater and more dynamic in the Neuse River than in the Pamlico River. Simulated currents were generally higher in the Neuse River than in the Pamlico River and the tracking of individual particles showed greater overall movement in the Neuse River.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.C., and Bales, J.D., 1994, Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, 8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993, p. 105-118.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ae4b08c986b318fb6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536387,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017627,"text":"70017627 - 1994 - Magmatic vapor source for sulfur dioxide released during volcanic eruptions: Evidence from Mount Pinatubo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T08:10:57","indexId":"70017627","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic vapor source for sulfur dioxide released during volcanic eruptions: Evidence from Mount Pinatubo","docAbstract":"Sulfur dioxide (SO2) released by the explosive eruption of Mount Pinatubo on 15 June 1991 had an impact on climate and stratospheric ozone. The total mass of SO2 released was much greater than the amount dissolved in the magma before the eruption, and thus an additional source for the excess SO2 is required. Infrared spectroscopic analyses of dissolved water and carbon dioxide in glass inclusions from quartz phenocrysts demonstrate that before eruption the magma contained a separate, SO2-bearing vapor phase. Data for gas emissions from other volcanoes in subduction-related arcs suggest that preeruptive magmatic vapor is a major source of the SO2 that is released during many volcanic eruptions.","language":"English","publisher":"Science ","doi":"10.1126/science.265.5171.497","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Wallace, P., and Gerlach, T., 1994, Magmatic vapor source for sulfur dioxide released during volcanic eruptions: Evidence from Mount Pinatubo: Science, v. 265, no. 5171, p. 497-499, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5171.497.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"499","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"265","issue":"5171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b50e4b0c8380cd69457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, P.J.","contributorId":6606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186663,"text":"70186663 - 1994 - The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:42:42","indexId":"70186663","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"articletext\">Magmatic fluids, both vapour and hypersaline liquid, are a primary source of many components in hydrothermal ore deposits formed in volcanic arcs. These components, including metals and their ligands, become concentrated in magmas in various ways from various sources, including subducted oceanic crust. Leaching of rocks also contributes components to the hydrothermal fluid—a process enhanced where acid magmatic vapours are absorbed by deeply circulating meteoric waters. Advances in understanding the hydrothermal systems that formed these ore deposits have come from the study of their active equivalents, represented at the surface by hot springs and volcanic fumaroles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/370519a0","usgsCitation":"Hedenquist, J.W., and Lowenstern, J.B., 1994, The role of magmas in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits: Nature, v. 370, p. 519-527, https://doi.org/10.1038/370519a0.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"519","endPage":"527","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75406e4b09da6799c0c84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedenquist, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":190653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedenquist","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017886,"text":"70017886 - 1994 - Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:02:38","indexId":"70017886","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"An 18 month simulation of circulation was conducted in Massachusetts Bay, a roughly 35 m deep, 100??50 km embayment on the northeastern shelf of the United States. Using a variant of the Blumberg-Mellor (1987) model, it was found that a continuous 18 month run was only possible if the velocity field was Shapiro filtered to remove two grid length energy that developed along the open boundary due to mismatch in locally generated and climatologically forced water properties. The seasonal development of temperature and salinity stratification was well-represented by the model once ??-coordinate errors were reduced by subtracting domain averaged vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and density before horizontal differencing was performed. Comparison of modeled and observed subtidal currents at fixed locations revealed that the model performance varies strongly with season and distance from the open boundaries. The model performs best during unstratified conditions, and in the interior of the bay. The model performs poorest during stratified conditions and in the regions where the bay is driven predominantly by remote fluctuations from the Gulf of Maine.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"September 8-10,1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Jenter, H.L., and Blumberg, A.F., 1994, Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, September 8-10,1993, p. 578-590.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"590","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.8123779296875,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.02685546875,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.02685546875,\n              42.63799988907408\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8123779296875,\n              42.63799988907408\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8123779296875,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4fe4b0c8380cd6fbbb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536388,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, Harry L. 0000-0002-1307-8785 hjenter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-8785","contributorId":228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"Harry","email":"hjenter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, Alan F.","contributorId":66299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54752,"text":"wdrNC931 - 1994 - Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1993. Volume 1: Surface-water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-12T19:56:20.404874","indexId":"wdrNC931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NC-93-1","title":"Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1993. Volume 1: Surface-water records","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1993 water year for North Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; and stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs. This report contains discharge records for 159 gaging stations and stage and contents for 56 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 54 gaging stations and 5 miscellaneous sites; and continuous daily tide stage for 10 sites. Additional water data were collected at 69 sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements in this report. The collection of water-resources data in North Carolina is part of the National Water-Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, municipal, and Federal agencies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNC931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of North Carolina and other agencies","usgsCitation":"Barker, R., George, E., Rinehardt, J., and Eddins, W., 1994, Water resources data, North Carolina, water year 1993. 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,{"id":72594,"text":"fs04694 - 1994 - Great Salt Lake basins study unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T11:39:54","indexId":"fs04694","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"046-94","title":"Great Salt Lake basins study unit","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began implementing a full-scale National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program.</p><p>The long-term goals of the NAWQA Program are to describe the status and trends in the quality of a large, representative part of the Nation’s surface- and ground-water resources and to provide a sound, scientific understanding of the primary natural and human factors that affect the quality of these resources. In meeting these goals, the program will produce a wealth of water-quality information that will be useful to policy makers and managers at Federal, State, and local levels.</p><p>A major design feature of the NAWQA Program will enable water-quality information at different areal scales to be integrated. A major component of the program is study-unit investigations, which ae the principal building blocks of the program upon which national-level assessment activities will be based. The 60 study-unit investigations that make up the program are hydrologic systems that include principal river basins and aquifer systems throughout the Nation. These study units cover areas from less than 1.000 to greater than 60,000 mi<sup>2</sup> and incorporate from about 60 to 70 percent of the Nation’s water use and population served by public water supply. 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,{"id":54782,"text":"wdrNHVT931 - 1994 - Water Resources Data, New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T17:37:40.088528","indexId":"wdrNHVT931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NH-VT-93-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNHVT931","usgsCitation":"Toppin, K., McKenna, K., Cotton, J.E., and Flanagan, S.M., 1994, Water Resources Data, New Hampshire and Vermont, Water Year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NH-VT-93-1, xiv, 174 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNHVT931.","productDescription":"xiv, 174 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374693,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/nh-vt-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.5,42.666666666666664 ], [ -73.5,45.25 ], [ -70.5,45.25 ], [ -70.5,42.666666666666664 ], [ -73.5,42.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toppin, K. W.","contributorId":35776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppin","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKenna, K.E.","contributorId":58333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cotton, J. E.","contributorId":52976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cotton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flanagan, S. M.","contributorId":12523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38454,"text":"pp1409H - 1994 - Ground-water flow and simulated effects of development in Stagecoach Valley, a small, partly drained basin in Lyon and Storey counties, western Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:02","indexId":"pp1409H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1409","chapter":"H","title":"Ground-water flow and simulated effects of development in Stagecoach Valley, a small, partly drained basin in Lyon and Storey counties, western Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1409H","usgsCitation":"Harrill, J., and Preissler, A.M., 1994, Ground-water flow and simulated effects of development in Stagecoach Valley, a small, partly drained basin in Lyon and Storey counties, western Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1409, p. H1-H74, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1409H.","productDescription":"p. H1-H74","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64947,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cdc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrill, J. R.","contributorId":10417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preissler, A. M.","contributorId":85230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preissler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30327,"text":"wri934093 - 1994 - Geomorphic change caused by outburst floods and debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, with emphasis on Tahoma Creek valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T19:09:22.552926","indexId":"wri934093","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4093","title":"Geomorphic change caused by outburst floods and debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, with emphasis on Tahoma Creek valley","docAbstract":"Debris flows have caused rapid geomorphic change in several glacierized drainages on Mount Rainier, Washington. Nearly all of these flows began as glacial outburst floods, then transformed to debris flows by incorporating large masses of sediment in channel reaches where streams have incised proglacial sediments and stagnant glacier ice. This stagnant ice is a relic of advanced glacier positions achieved during the mid-nineteenth century Little Ice Age maximum and the readvance of the 1960's and 1970's. Debris flows have been especially important agents of geomorphic change along Tahoma Creek, which drains South Tahoma Glacier. Debris flows in Tahoma Creek valley have transported downstream about 107 m3 Of sediment since 1967, causing substantial aggradation and damage to roads and facilities in Mount Rainier National Park. The average denudation rate in the upper part of the Tahoma Creek drainage basin in the same period has been extraordinarily high: more than 20 millimeters per year, a value exceeded only rarely in basins affected by debris flows. However, little or none of this sediment has yet passed out of the Tahoma Creek drainage basin.  Outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier form by release of subglacially stored water. The volume of stored water discharged during a typical outburst flood would form a layer several tens of millimeters thick over the bed of the entire glacier, though it is more likely that large linked cavities account for most of the storage. Statistical analysis shows that outburst floods usually occur during periods of atypically hot or rainy weather in summer or early autumn, and that the probability of an outburst increases with temperature (a proxy measure of ablation rate) or rainfall rate. On the basis of these results, we suggest that outburst floods are triggered when rapid input of water to the glacier bed causes transient increase in water pressure, thereby destabilizing the linked-cavity system. The probabilistic nature of the relation between water-input rate and outburst-flood occurrence suggests that the connections between englacial conduits, basal cavities and main meltwater channels may vary temporally. The correlation between outburst floods and meteorological factors casts doubt on an earlier hypothesis that melting around geothermal vents triggers outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier.  The likelihood that outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier will trigger debris flows should decrease with time, as the deeply incised reach of Tahoma Creek widens by normal slope processes and stagnant ice decays. Drawing analogies to the geomorphic evolution of a reach of Tahoma Creek first incised by an outburst flood in 1967, we suggest the present period of debris-flow activity along Tahoma Creek will last about 25 years, that is, until about the year 2010. Comparison of geomorphic change at Tahoma Creek to that in two other glacierized alphine basins indicates that debris-rich stagnant ice can be an importantsource of sediment to debris flows as long as floods are frequent or channel slope is great.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934093","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., and Driedger, C.L., 1994, Geomorphic change caused by outburst floods and debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington, with emphasis on Tahoma Creek valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4093, vii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934093.","productDescription":"vii, 93 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47811.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier, Tahoma Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6478849780276,\n              46.80179464367518\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6478849780276,\n              46.95912334518039\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88872883062106,\n              46.95912334518039\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.88872883062106,\n              46.80179464367518\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6478849780276,\n              46.80179464367518\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c54f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. 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