Okmok volcano, located in the central Aleutian arc, Alaska, is a dominantly basaltic complex topped with a 10-km-wide caldera that formed circa 2.05 ka. Okmok erupted several times during the 20th century, most recently in 1997; eruptions in 1945, 1958, and 1997 produced lava flows within the caldera. We used 80 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images (interferograms) to study transient deformation of the volcano before, during, and after the 1997 eruption. Point source models suggest that a magma reservoir at a depth of 3.2 km below sea level, located beneath the center of the caldera and about 5 km northeast of the 1997 vent, is responsible for observed volcano-wide deformation. The preeruption uplift rate decreased from about 10 cm yr−1 during 1992–1993 to 2 ∼ 3 cm yr−1 during 1993–1995 and then to about −1 ∼ −2 cm yr−1 during 1995–1996. The posteruption inflation rate generally decreased with time during 1997–2001, but increased significantly during 2001–2003. By the summer of 2003, 30 ∼ 60% of the magma volume lost from the reservoir in the 1997 eruption had been replenished. Interferograms for periods before the 1997 eruption indicate consistent subsidence of the surface of the 1958 lava flows, most likely due to thermal contraction. Interferograms for periods after the eruption suggest at least four distinct deformation processes: (1) volcano-wide inflation due to replenishment of the shallow magma reservoir, (2) subsidence of the 1997 lava flows, most likely due to thermal contraction, (3) deformation of the 1958 lava flows due to loading by the 1997 flows, and (4) continuing subsidence of 1958 lava flows buried beneath 1997 flows. Our results provide insights into the postemplacement behavior of lava flows and have cautionary implications for the interpretation of inflation patterns at active volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003148","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Masterlark, T., and Dzurisin, D., 2005, Interferometric synthetic aperture radar study of Okmok volcano, Alaska, 1992-2003: Magma supply dynamics and postemplacement lava flow deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. B2, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003148.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477915,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003148","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003148"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Okmok volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.2281494140625,\n 53.34399288223422\n ],\n [\n -167.9754638671875,\n 53.34399288223422\n ],\n [\n -167.9754638671875,\n 53.48477702972815\n ],\n [\n -168.2281494140625,\n 53.48477702972815\n ],\n [\n -168.2281494140625,\n 53.34399288223422\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d00e4b0c8380cd63206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masterlark, Timothy","contributorId":92829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masterlark","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35607,"text":"South Dakota School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029421,"text":"70029421 - 2005 - Do wintering Harlequin Ducks forage nocturnally at high latitudes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:07:36.088778","indexId":"70029421","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do wintering Harlequin Ducks forage nocturnally at high latitudes?","docAbstract":"We monitored radio-tagged Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) to determine whether nocturnal feeding was part of their foraging strategy during winter in south-central Alaska. Despite attributes of our study site (low ambient temperatures, harsh weather, short day length) and study species (small body size, high daytime foraging rates) that would be expected to favor nocturnal foraging, we found no evidence of nocturnal dive-feeding. Signals from eight radio-tagged Harlequin Ducks never exhibited signal loss due to diving during a total of 780 minutes of nocturnal monitoring. In contrast, the same eight birds exhibited signal loss during 62 ± 7% (SE) of 5-minute diurnal monitoring periods (total of 365 minutes of monitoring). Our results suggest that Harlequin Ducks in south-central Alaska face a stringent time constraint on daytime foraging during midwinter. Harlequin Ducks wintering at high latitudes, therefore, may be particularly sensitive to factors that increase foraging requirements or decrease foraging efficiency.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Club","publisherLocation":"Santa Clara, CA","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.1.173","usgsCitation":"Rizzolo, D., Esler, D., Roby, D., and Jarvis, R.L., 2005, Do wintering Harlequin Ducks forage nocturnally at high latitudes?: Condor, v. 107, no. 1, p. 173-177, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.173.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"177","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":491485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0367e4b0c8380cd5049a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizzolo, Daniel drizzolo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"Daniel","email":"drizzolo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":422684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":272248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarvis, Robert L.","contributorId":112518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031428,"text":"70031428 - 2005 - Population genetic structure and conservation of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:37:41","indexId":"70031428","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population genetic structure and conservation of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus)","docAbstract":"Marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are coastal seabirds that nest from California to the Aleutian Islands. They are declining and considered threatened in several regions. We compared variation in the mitochondrial control region, four nuclear introns and three microsatellite loci among 194 murrelets from throughout their range except Washington and Oregon. Significant population genetic structure was found: nine private control region haplotypes and three private intron alleles occurred at high frequency in the Aleutians and California; global estimates of FST or ??ST and most pairwise estimates involving the Aleutians and/or California were significant; and marked isolation-by-distance was found. Given the available samples, murrelets appear to comprise five genetic management units: (1) western Aleutian Islands, (2) central Aleutian Islands, (3) mainland Alaska and British Columbia, (4) northern California, and (5) central California.
","largerWorkTitle":"onservation Genetics","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-005-9012-x","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Friesen, V.L., Birt, T., Piatt, J.F., Golightly, R., Newman, S.H., Hebert, P., Congdon, B., and Gissing, G., 2005, Population genetic structure and conservation of marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus): Conservation Genetics, v. 6, no. 4, p. 607-614, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-005-9012-x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"607","endPage":"614","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d71e4b0c8380cd79f4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":59407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Birt, T.P.","contributorId":82411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birt","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":431462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golightly, R.T.","contributorId":10743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golightly","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hebert, P.N.","contributorId":80878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebert","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Congdon, B.C.","contributorId":55397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congdon","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gissing, G.","contributorId":66484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gissing","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70175953,"text":"70175953 - 2005 - Alaskan brown bears, humans, and habituation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T13:44:50.978389","indexId":"70175953","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaskan brown bears, humans, and habituation","docAbstract":"We present a new paradigm for understanding habituation and the role it plays in brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations and interactions with humans in Alaska. We assert that 3 forms of habituation occur in Alaska: bear-to-bear, bear-to-human, and human-to-bear. We present data that supports our theory that bear density is an important factor influencing a bear’s overt reaction distance (ORD); that as bear density increases, overt reaction distance decreases, as does the likelihood of bear– human interactions. We maintain that the effects of bear-to-bear habituation are largely responsible for not only shaping bear aggregations but also for creating the relatively safe environment for bear viewing experienced at areas where there are high densities of brown bears. By promoting a better understanding of the forces that shape bear social interactions within populations and with humans that mingle with them, we can better manage human activities and minimize bear–human conflict.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","doi":"10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0001:ABBHAH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, T., Herrero, S., and DeBruyn, T.D., 2005, Alaskan brown bears, humans, and habituation: Ursus, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0001:ABBHAH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park, McNeil River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -153.1988525390625,\n 57.938183012205315\n ],\n [\n -153.1988525390625,\n 59.147769484619786\n ],\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 59.147769484619786\n ],\n [\n -156.4837646484375,\n 57.938183012205315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc2241e4b03fd6b7de1774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Thomas","contributorId":46416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrero, Stephen","contributorId":39269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyn, Terry D.","contributorId":173960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029419,"text":"70029419 - 2005 - New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:16:30","indexId":"70029419","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera","docAbstract":"Regional-scale triggering of local earthquakes in the crust by seismic waves from distant main shocks has now been robustly documented for over a decade. Some of the most thoroughly recorded examples of repeated triggering of a single site from multiple, large earthquakes are measured in geothermal fields of the western United States like Long Valley Caldera. As one of the few natural cases where the causality of an earthquake sequence is apparent, triggering provides fundamental constraints on the failure processes in earthquakes. We show here that the observed triggering by seismic waves is inconsistent with any mechanism that depends on cumulative shaking as measured by integrated energy density. We also present evidence for a frequency-dependent triggering threshold. On the basis of the seismic records of 12 regional and teleseismic events recorded at Long Valley Caldera, long-period waves (>30 s) are more effective at generating local seismicity than short-period waves of comparable amplitude. If the properties of the system are stationary over time, the failure threshold for long-period waves is ~0.05 cm/s vertical shaking. Assuming a phase velocity of 3.5 km/s and an elastic modulus of 3.5 x 1010Pa, the threshold in terms of stress is 5 kPa. The frequency dependence is due in part to the attenuation of the surface waves with depth. Fluid flow through a porous medium can produce the rest of the observed frequency dependence of the threshold. If the threshold is not stationary with time, pore pressures that are >99.5% of lithostatic and vary over time by a factor of 4 could explain the observations with no frequency dependence of the triggering threshold.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003211","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Brodsky, E.E., and Prejean, S., 2005, New constraints on mechanisms of remotely triggered seismicity at Long Valley Caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003211.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477904,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210674,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003211"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.90674591064452,\n 37.69482353536507\n ],\n [\n -118.83893966674803,\n 37.69482353536507\n ],\n [\n -118.83893966674803,\n 37.72551521301948\n ],\n [\n -118.90674591064452,\n 37.72551521301948\n ],\n [\n -118.90674591064452,\n 37.69482353536507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6564e4b0c8380cd72ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brodsky, E. E.","contributorId":108285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodsky","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, S. G. 0000-0003-0510-1989","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-1989","contributorId":18935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029381,"text":"70029381 - 2005 - Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:29:05","indexId":"70029381","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific","docAbstract":"The dominant characteristics of wave energy variability in the eastern North Pacific are described from NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy data collected from 1981 to 2003. Ten buoys at distributed locations were selected for comparison based on record duration and data continuity. Long‐period (LP) [T > 12] s, intermediate‐period [6 ≤ T ≤ 12] s, and short‐period [T < 6] s wave spectral energy components are considered separately. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses of monthly wave energy anomalies reveal that all three wave energy components exhibit similar patterns of spatial variability. The dominant mode represents coherent heightened (or diminished) wave energy along the West Coast from Alaska to southern California, as indicated by composites of the 700 hPa height field. The second EOF mode reveals a distinct El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐associated spatial distribution of wave energy, which occurs when the North Pacific storm track is extended unusually far south or has receded to the north. Monthly means and principal components (PCs) of wave energy levels indicate that the 1997–1998 El Niño winter had the highest basin‐wide wave energy within this record, substantially higher than the 1982–1983 El Niño. An increasing trend in the dominant PC of LP wave energy suggests that storminess has increased in the northeast Pacific since 1980. This trend is emphasized at central eastern North Pacific locations. Patterns of storminess variability are consistent with increasing activity in the central North Pacific as well as the tendency for more extreme waves in the south during El Niño episodes and in the north during La Niña.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JC002398","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bromirski, P., Cayan, D., and Flick, R., 2005, Wave spectral energy variability in the northeast Pacific: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 110, no. 3, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jc002398","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf97e4b08c986b32e9b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromirski, P.D.","contributorId":82521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromirski","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flick, R.E.","contributorId":17820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flick","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175952,"text":"70175952 - 2005 - Polar climate: Arctic sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T17:02:29.779079","indexId":"70175952","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar climate: Arctic sea ice","docAbstract":"Recent decreases in snow and sea ice cover in the high northern latitudes are among the most notable indicators of climate change. Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent for the year as a whole was the third lowest on record dating back to 1973, behind 1995 (lowest) and 1990 (second lowest; Hadley Center–NCEP). September sea ice extent, which is at the end of the summer melt season and is typically the month with the lowest sea ice extent of the year, has decreased by about 19% since the late 1970s (Fig. 5.2), with a record minimum observed in 2002 (Serreze et al. 2003). A record low extent also occurred in spring (Chapman 2005, personal communication), and 2004 marked the third consecutive year of anomalously extreme sea ice retreat in the Arctic (Stroeve et al. 2005). Some model simulations indicate that ice-free summers will occur in the Arctic by the year 2070 (ACIA 2004).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","usgsCitation":"Stone, R.S., Douglas, D., Belchansky, G., and Drobot, S., 2005, Polar climate: Arctic sea ice: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 86, no. 6 supp, p. S39-S41.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"S39","endPage":"S41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","volume":"86","issue":"6 supp","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc22e1e4b03fd6b7de183d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, R. S.","contributorId":47021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drobot, S. D.","contributorId":42781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drobot","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029048,"text":"70029048 - 2005 - From the field: Brown bear habituation to people — Safety, risks, and benefits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:56:13.332853","indexId":"70029048","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From the field: Brown bear habituation to people — Safety, risks, and benefits","docAbstract":"Recently, brown bear (Ursus arctos) viewing has increased in coastal Alaska and British Columbia, as well as in interior areas such as Yellowstone National Park. Viewing is most often being done under conditions that offer acceptable safety to both people and bears. We analyze and comment on the underlying processes that lead brown bears to tolerate people at close range. Although habituation is an important process influencing the distance at which bears tolerate people, other variables also modify levels of bear-to-human tolerance. Because bears may react internally with energetic costs before showing an overt reaction to humans, we propose a new term, the Overt Reaction Distance, to emphasize that what we observe is the external reaction of a bear. In this paper we conceptually analyze bear viewing in terms of benefits and risks to people and bears. We conclude that managers and policy-makers must develop site-specific plans that identify the extent to which bear-to-human habituation and tolerance will be permitted. The proposed management needs scientific underpinning. It is our belief that bear viewing, where appropriate, may promote conservation of bear populations, habitats, and ecosystems as it instills respect and concern in those who participate.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herrero, S., Smith, T., DeBruyn, T.D., Gunther, K., and Matt, C.A., 2005, From the field: Brown bear habituation to people — Safety, risks, and benefits: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 362-373, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"373","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -131.484375,\n 57.89149735271034\n ],\n [\n -135.17578125,\n 59.80063426102869\n ],\n [\n -141.328125,\n 60.84491057364912\n ],\n [\n -150.64453125,\n 62.512317938386914\n ],\n [\n -161.3671875,\n 60.326947742998414\n ],\n [\n -161.19140625,\n 58.53959476664049\n ],\n [\n -158.73046875,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -169.45312499999997,\n 53.12040528310657\n ],\n [\n -149.4140625,\n 57.98480801923985\n ],\n [\n -146.77734375,\n 59.80063426102869\n ],\n [\n -137.4609375,\n 57.61010702068388\n ],\n [\n -134.12109375,\n 53.64463782485651\n ],\n [\n -123.74999999999999,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -120.9375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -110.0390625,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 43.99281450048989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ffe4b0c8380cd54870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrero, Stephen","contributorId":39269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Tom","contributorId":207440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyn, Terry D.","contributorId":173960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry","contributorId":17929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matt, Colleen A.","contributorId":189634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matt","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029057,"text":"70029057 - 2005 - Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:27:48","indexId":"70029057","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"We investigated prey consumption by marine birds and their contribution to cross-shelf fluxes in the northern Gulf of Alaska. We utilized data from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database for modeling energy demand and prey consumption. We found that prey consumption by marine birds was much greater over the continental shelf than it was over the basin. Over the shelf, subsurface-foraging marine birds dominated food consumption, whereas over the basin, surface-foraging birds took the most prey biomass. Daily consumption by marine birds during the non-breeding season (\"winter\") from September through April was greater than daily consumption during the breeding season, between May and August. Over the shelf, shearwaters, murres and, in winter, sea ducks, were the most important consumers. Over the basin, northern fulmars, gulls and kittiwakes predominated in winter and storm-petrels dominated in May to August. Our results suggest that marine birds contribute little to cross-shelf fluxes of energy or matter, but they do remove energy from the marine system through consumption, respiration and migration. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.024","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Hunt, G., Drew, G., Jahncke, J., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, Prey consumption and energy transfer by marine birds in the Gulf of Alaska, in Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 52, no. 5-6, p. 781-797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.024.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"797","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477708,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42f839ng","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.024"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b7be4b0c8380cd7e272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":56020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, G.S.","contributorId":95415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jahncke, J.","contributorId":74192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahncke","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029080,"text":"70029080 - 2005 - Oceanographic conditions structure forage fishes into lipid-rich and lipid-poor communities in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T15:11:48","indexId":"70029080","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceanographic conditions structure forage fishes into lipid-rich and lipid-poor communities in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"Forage fishes were sampled with a mid-water trawl in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA, from late July to early August 1996 to 1999. We sampled 3 oceanographically distinct areas of lower Cook Inlet: waters adjacent to Chisik Island, in Kachemak Bay, and near the Barren Islands. In 163 tows using a mid-water trawl, 229 437 fishes with fork length < 200 mm were captured. More than 39 species were captured in lower Cook Inlet, but Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus, juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, and juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma comprised 97.5% of the total individuals. Both species richness and species diversity were highest in warm, low-salinity, weakly stratified waters near Chisik Island. Kachemak Bay, which had thermohaline values between those found near Chisik Island and the Barren Islands, had an intermediate value of species richness. Species richness was lowest at the Barren Islands, an exposed region that regularly receives oceanic, upwelled water from the Gulf of Alaska. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to compute axes of species composition based on an ordination of pairwise site dissimilarities. Each axis was strongly rank-correlated with unique groups of species and examined separately as a function of environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, depth), area, and year. Oce??anographie parameters accounted for 41 and 12% of the variability among forage fishes indicated by Axis 1 and Axis 2, respectively. Axis 1 also captured the spatial variability in the upwelled area of lower Cook Inlet and essentially contrasted the distribution of species among shallow, nearshore (sand lance, herring) and deep, offshore (walleye pollock) habitats. Axis 2 captured the spatial variability in forage fish communities from the north (Chisik Island) to the south (Barren Islands) of lower Cook Inlet and essentially contrasted a highly diverse community dominated by salmonids and osmerids (warmer, less saline) with a fish community dominated by Pacific sand lance (colder, more saline). Axis 3 reflected the negative spatial association of capelin Mallotus villosus and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Correlations of year with Axes 1 and 3 indicate that from 1996 to 1999 the forage fish community significantly decreased in lipid-poor gadids (walleye pollock and Pacific cod), and significantly increased in lipid-rich species such as Pacific sand lance, Pacific herring, and capelin. ?? Inter-Research 2005.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps287229","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Abookire, A.A., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, Oceanographic conditions structure forage fishes into lipid-rich and lipid-poor communities in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 287, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps287229.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps287229","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c9de4b0c8380cd74d0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029364,"text":"70029364 - 2005 - Surface deformation associated with the March 1996 earthquake swarm at Akutan Island, Alaska, revealed by C-band ERS and L-band JERS radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T09:56:14","indexId":"70029364","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface deformation associated with the March 1996 earthquake swarm at Akutan Island, Alaska, revealed by C-band ERS and L-band JERS radar interferometry","docAbstract":"In March 1996, an intense earthquake swarm beneath Akutan Island, Alaska, was accompanied by extensive ground cracking but no eruption of Akutan volcano. Radar interferograms produced from L-band JERS-1 and C-band ERS-1/2 images show uplift associated with the swarm by as much as 60 cm on the western part of the island. The JERS-1 interferogram has greater coherence, especially in areas with loose surface material or thick vegetation. It also shows subsidence of similar magnitude on the eastern part of the island and displacements along faults reactivated during the swarm. The axis of uplift and subsidence strikes about N70°W, which is roughly parallel to a zone of fresh cracks on the northwest flank of the volcano, to normal faults that cut the island and to the inferred maximum compressive stress direction. A common feature of models that fit the deformation is the emplacement of a shallow dike along this trend beneath the northwest flank of the volcano. Both before and after the swarm, the northwest flank was uplifted 5–20 mm/year relative to the southwest flank, probably by magma intrusion. The zone of fresh cracks subsided about 20 mm during 1996–1997 and at lesser rates thereafter, possibly because of cooling and degassing of the intrusion.
We used molecular genetic methods to determine the sex of 138 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) harvested from 3 regions of Alaska from 1994 to 1997, to assess the accuracy of post‐harvest field‐sexing. We also tested each of a series of factors associated with errors in field‐sexing of sea otters, including male or female bias, age‐class bias, regional bias, and bias associated with hunt characteristics. Blind control results indicated that sex was determined with 100% accuracy using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primers that co‐amplify the zinc finger‐Y‐X gene, located on both the mammalian Y‐ and X‐chromosomes, and Testes Determining Factor (TDF), located on the mammalian Y‐chromosome. DNA‐based sexing revealed that 12.3% of the harvested sea otters were incorrectly sexed in the field, with most errors (13 of 17) occurring as males incorrectly reported as females. Thus, female harvest was overestimated. Using logistic regression analysis, we detected no statistical association of incorrect determination of sex in the field with age class, hunt region, or hunt type. The error in field‐sexing appears to be random, at least with respect to the variables evaluated in this study.
In several seabirds, nutritional state of a nest-bound chick is negatively correlated with the activity of its hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Increased corticosterone (cort) secretion has been shown to facilitate changes in behavior that allow hungry chicks to obtain more food from parents. However, if parents are not willing/able to buffer their young from temporary food shortages, increased cort secretion could be detrimental to undernourished chicks. In a system where parents are insensitive to chick demands, low benefits and high costs of activation of the HPA-axis in hungry chicks should lead to a disassociation of the nutritional state of the young and the activity of its HPA-axis. We tested this novel hypothesis for the tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata), a seabird with intermittent provisioning of a nest-bound semi-precocial chick. We examined the HPA-axis activity of captive chicks exposed to the following: (1) a short-term (24 h) food deprivation; and (2) an array of prolonged (3 weeks) restrictions in feeding regimens. We found that in response to a short-term food deprivation chicks decreased baseline levels of cort and thyroid hormones. In response to prolonged restrictions, food-limited chicks exhibited signs of nutritional deficit: they had lower body mass, endogenous lipid reserves, and thyroid hormone titers compared to chicks fed ad libitum. However, baseline and maximum acute stress-induced levels of cort were also lower in food-restricted chicks compared to those of chicks fed ad libitum. These results support a major prediction of the study hypothesis that puffin chicks suppress HPA-axis activity in response to short- and long-term nutritional deficits. This physiological adaptation may allow a chick to extend its development in the nest, while eluding detrimental effects of chronic cort elevation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hormones and Behavior","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Inc.","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005","issn":"0018506X","usgsCitation":"Kitaysky, A., Romano, M.D., Piatt, J.F., Wingfield, J., and Kikuchi, M., 2005, The adrenocortical response of tufted puffin chicks to nutritional deficits: Hormones and Behavior, v. 47, no. 5, p. 606-619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"619","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9a4e4b08c986b3223e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kitaysky, A.S.","contributorId":104239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wingfield, J.C.","contributorId":22929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kikuchi, M.","contributorId":30446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kikuchi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029361,"text":"70029361 - 2005 - Population genetic structure of annual and perennial populations of Zostera marina L. along the Pacific coast of Baja California and the Gulf of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:20:15","indexId":"70029361","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population genetic structure of annual and perennial populations of Zostera marina L. along the Pacific coast of Baja California and the Gulf of California","docAbstract":"The Baja California peninsula represents a biogeographical boundary contributing to regional differentiation among populations of marine animals. We investigated the genetic characteristics of perennial and annual populations of the marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, along the Pacific coast of Baja California and in the Gulf of California, respectively. Populations of Z. marina from five coastal lagoons along the Pacific coast and four sites in the Gulf of California were studied using nine microsatellite loci. Analyses of variance revealed significant interregional differentiation, but no subregional differentiation. Significant spatial differentiation, assessed using θ values, was observed among all populations within the two regions. Z. marina populations along the Pacific coast are separated by more than 220 km and had the greatest θ (0.13-0.28) values, suggesting restricted gene flow. In contrast, lower but still significant genetic differentiation was observed among populations within the Gulf of California (θ = 0.04-0.18), even though populations are separated by more than 250 km. This suggests higher levels of gene flow among Gulf of California populations relative to Pacific coast populations. Direction of gene flow was predominantly southward among Pacific coast populations, whereas no dominant polarity in the Gulf of California populations was observed. The test for isolation by distance (IBD) showed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances in Gulf of California populations, but not in Pacific coast populations, perhaps because of shifts in currents during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events along the Pacific coast.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02454.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Muñiz-Salazar, R., Talbot, S.L., Sage, G.K., Ward, D.H., and Cabello-Pasini, A., 2005, Population genetic structure of annual and perennial populations of Zostera marina L. along the Pacific coast of Baja California and the Gulf of California: Molecular Ecology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 711-722, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02454.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"722","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02454.x"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d75e4b0c8380cd79f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muñiz-Salazar, Raquel","contributorId":171744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muñiz-Salazar","given":"Raquel","affiliations":[{"id":26937,"text":"Escuela de Ciencias de la Salid, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cabello-Pasini, Alejandro","contributorId":80636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabello-Pasini","given":"Alejandro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029360,"text":"70029360 - 2005 - Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-23T21:44:28.697402","indexId":"70029360","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers","docAbstract":"Movement ecology and demographic parameters for the Common Merganser (Mergus merganser americanus) in North America are poorly known. We used band-recovery data from five locations across North America spanning the years 1938–1998 to examine migratory patterns and estimate survival rates. We examined competing time-invariant, age-graduated models with program MARK to study sources of variation in survival and reporting probability. We considered age, sex, geographic location, and the use of nasal saddles on hatching year birds at one location as possible sources of variation. Year-of-banding was included as a covariate in a post-hoc analysis. We found that migratory tendency, defined as the average distance between banding and recovery locations, varied geographically. Similarly, all models accounting for the majority of variation in recovery and survival probabilities included location of banding. Models that included age and sex received less support, but we lacked sufficient data to adequately assess these parameters. Model-averaged estimates of annual survival ranged from 0.21 in Michigan to 0.82 in Oklahoma. Heterogeneity in migration tendency and survival suggests that demographic patterns may vary across geographic scales, with implications for the population dynamics of this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-76.2.109","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Reed, J.A., and Flint, P.L., 2005, Geographic variation in survival and migratory tendency among North American Common Mergansers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 76, no. 2, p. 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-76.2.109.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a178be4b0c8380cd55539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, John A. 0000-0002-3239-6906 jareed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-6906","contributorId":127683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John","email":"jareed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029343,"text":"70029343 - 2005 - Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T15:02:31.25823","indexId":"70029343","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"Satellite radio-location data from 57 adult male Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) were used to estimate haul-out fidelity, broadly describe seasonal foraging distributions, and determine the approximate timing of autumn migration from Bristol Bay, Alaska. Data were collected intermittently during 1987–91 and 1995–2000, primarily during the period from May to October. Transmitter longevity ranged from less than 1 day to 560 days (median 75 d). The four tagging sites were the only haul-outs that were commonly used in the bay from spring through autumn. Mean fidelity, defined as the chance that an animal will return to an area where it previously hauled out, was 0.56 (SE = 0.09). However, small sample sizes precluded comparisons of fidelity among years and among haul-outs by season. No tagged animals migrated out of the bay between spring and early autumn. Combined monthly locations suggest that foraging occurred primarily in the southern and eastern areas of the bay in spring and gradually shifted towards northwestern areas in late autumn and winter. Ninety-eight percent of the in-water locations were in waters under 60 m deep, which account for 76% of the study area. Some animals migrated out of the bay in late autumn and winter; others remained within the bay throughout the year. Those making long-range migrations departed the bay during November and December.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic410","usgsCitation":"Jay, C.V., and Hills, S., 2005, Movements of walruses radio-tagged in Bristol Bay, Alaska: Arctic, v. 58, no. 2, p. 192-202, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic410.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -156.9287109375,\n 53.30462107510271\n ],\n [\n -156.9287109375,\n 60.8663124746226\n ],\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 60.8663124746226\n ],\n [\n -169.716796875,\n 53.30462107510271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f71e4b0c8380cd70f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hills, Susan","contributorId":103995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hills","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175948,"text":"70175948 - 2005 - Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:51:59","indexId":"70175948","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea 2005","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee","conferenceDate":"7-9 Feb 2005","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Durner, G.M., Regehr, E., York, G., Smith, T.S., Partridge, S.T., and Douglas, D., 2005, Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea 2005, in Proceedings of the Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 7-9 Feb 2005.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bc22e2e4b03fd6b7de183f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regehr, E.V.","contributorId":90937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regehr","given":"E.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, G.S.","contributorId":103857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, T. S.","contributorId":47326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Partridge, Steven T.","contributorId":56014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70029340,"text":"70029340 - 2005 - Subduction-zone magnetic anomalies and implications for hydrated forearc mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029340","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subduction-zone magnetic anomalies and implications for hydrated forearc mantle","docAbstract":"Continental mantle in subduction zones is hydrated by release of water from the underlying oceanic plate. Magnetite is a significant byproduct of mantle hydration, and forearc mantle, cooled by subduction, should contribute to long-wavelength magnetic anomalies above subduction zones. We test this hypothesis with a quantitative model of the Cascadia convergent margin, based on gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies and constrained by seismic velocities, and find that hydrated mantle explains an important disparity in potential-field anomalies of Cascadia. A comparison with aeromagnetic data, thermal models, and earthquakes of Cascadia, Japan, and southern Alaska suggests that magnetic mantle may be common in forearc settings and thus magnetic anomalies may be useful in mapping hydrated mantle in convergent margins worldwide. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G21447.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., Brocher, T., and Wells, R., 2005, Subduction-zone magnetic anomalies and implications for hydrated forearc mantle: Geology, v. 33, no. 6, p. 445-448, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21447.1.","startPage":"445","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21447.1"},{"id":237519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d11e4b08c986b31d616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029311,"text":"70029311 - 2005 - Circumpolar variation in morphological characteristics of Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-12T13:51:40","indexId":"70029311","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Circumpolar variation in morphological characteristics of Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons","title":"Circumpolar variation in morphological characteristics of Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons","docAbstract":"Capsule: Greater White-fronted Geese show significant variation in body size from sampling locations throughout their circumpolar breeding range. Aims: To determine the degree of geographical variation in body size of Greater White-fronted Geese and identify factors contributing to any apparent patterns in variation. Methods: Structural measures of >3000 geese from 16 breeding areas throughout the Holarctic breeding range of the species were compared statistically. Results: Palearctic forms varied clinally, and increased in size from the smallest forms on the Kanin and Taimyr peninsulas in western Eurasia to the largest forms breeding in the Anadyr Lowlands of eastern Chukotka. Clinal variation was less apparent in the Nearctic, as both the smallest form in the Nearctic and the largest form overall (the Tule Goose) were from different breeding areas in Alaska. The Tule Goose was 25% larger than the smallest form. Birds from Greenland (A. a. flavirostris) were the second largest, although only slightly larger than geese from several North American populations. Body size was not correlated with breeding latitude but was positively correlated with temperature on the breeding grounds, breeding habitat, and migration distance. Body mass of Greater White-fronted Geese from all populations remained relatively constant during the period of wing moult. Morphological distinctness of eastern and western Palearctic forms concurs with earlier findings of complete range disjunction. Conclusions: Patterns of morphological variation in Greater White-fronted Geese across the Holarctic can be generally attributed to adaptation to variable breeding environments, migration requirements, and phylo-geographical histories.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Trust for Ornithology","doi":"10.1080/00063650509461380","issn":"00063657","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Fox, A., Alisauskas, R., Andreev, A., Bromley, R., Degtyarev, A.G., Ebbinge, B., Gurtovaya, E., Kerbes, R., Kondratyev, A.V., Kostin, I., Krechmar, A., Litvin, K., Miyabayashi, Y., Moou, J., Oates, R., Orthmeyer, D., Sabano, Y., Simpson, S.G., Solovieva, D., Spindler, M.A., Syroechkovsky, Y., Takekawa, J.Y., and Walsh, A., 2005, Circumpolar variation in morphological characteristics of Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons: Bird Study, v. 52, no. 2, p. 104-119, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650509461380.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650509461380","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f608e4b0c8380cd4c56b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, A.D.","contributorId":22567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andreev, A.","contributorId":43707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bromley, R.G.","contributorId":78682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromley","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Degtyarev, Andrei G.","contributorId":13775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degtyarev","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":28156,"text":"Yakutsk Institute of Biology, Yakutsk, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebbinge, B.","contributorId":60840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbinge","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gurtovaya, E.N.","contributorId":89335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtovaya","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kerbes, R.","contributorId":35112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerbes","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kondratyev, Alexander V.","contributorId":60160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratyev","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kostin, I.","contributorId":97694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostin","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Krechmar, A.V.","contributorId":85389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krechmar","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Litvin, K.E.","contributorId":27823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvin","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Miyabayashi, Y.","contributorId":10605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyabayashi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moou, J.H.","contributorId":8280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moou","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Oates, R.M.","contributorId":76931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oates","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Orthmeyer, D.L.","contributorId":84684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orthmeyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Sabano, Yutaka","contributorId":71926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabano","given":"Yutaka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Simpson, S. Gay","contributorId":17184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Solovieva, D.V.","contributorId":102263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solovieva","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Spindler, Michael A.","contributorId":56811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spindler","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Syroechkovsky, Y.V.","contributorId":92866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syroechkovsky","given":"Y.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":422215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Walsh, A.","contributorId":42776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}} ,{"id":70029309,"text":"70029309 - 2005 - Mudstone sedimentation at high latitudes: Ice as a transport medium for mud and supplier of nutrients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70029309","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mudstone sedimentation at high latitudes: Ice as a transport medium for mud and supplier of nutrients","docAbstract":"Controls on mudstone deposition at high latitudes are poorly known relative to low latitudes. In recent sediments deposited in these environments, ice significantly influences sediment transport and primary productivity. The products of ice transport are relatively well known in glacimarine settings, but are less well known from below melting sea ice. This latter setting is significant as today it is associated with high primary organic productivity. The aim of this study is to assess how sea ice might have controlled lithofacies variability and organic-matter distribution and preservation in an ancient marine, siliciclastic mudstone-dominated succession deposited at high latitudes. Combined sedimentary logging, optical and electron optical (back-scatte red electron imagery), geochemical, and isotopic methods were used to determine sample variability in forty-five samples collected from the Lower Cretaceous succession in the Mikkelsen Bay State #1 borehole (North Slope, Alaska). The succession overall fines upward and contains muddy sandstones and sand- and silt-bearing, clay-rich mudstones towards its base in contrast to clay-rich and clay-dominated mudstones towards its top. Some of the mudstone units exhibit thin (< 5 mm), relic-beds that fine upward weakly. In some units small (0.5 mm), bed-parallel silt-filled microburrows disrupt depositional laminae whereas in others pervasive burrowing completely obliterates original depositional textures. Many of the units are pelleted. These mudstones are unusual in that they contain minor but very striking outsize grains, composed of subrounded to rounded sand and granule-size material. In addition, they are good petroleum source rocks, with between 2.8 and 5.9 wt % total organic carbon, of predominantly Type II kerogen. The organic matter has an isotopic signature ranging from -25.4??? ??13C to -28.1??? ??13C. Thin tuffs (< 20 mm) and carbonate-cemented units are also present. Given the absence of significant polar ice in the Early Cretaceous the outsized grains are interpreted to have been deposited from a combination of melting, dirty anchor, and fast ice. The mud fraction, which forms the bulk of the sediment, is interpreted to have been deposited from melting, sediment-laden frazil ice, and fast ice. After deposition sediments were partially reworked by bottom currents generated by brine rejection during sea ice formation. Sympagic organisms, grazing on algae and bacteria both within and below the ice, pelleted the sediment. Bioturbation, which varies through the succession, indicates that sedimentation probably occurred beneath a predominantly oxic or dysoxic water column. In this setting productivity was fueled by nutrients released from melting sea ice in the marginal ice zone. The good petroleum source potential of these mudstones is attributed to high organic productivity coupled to episodic and rapid sedimentation rather than existence of bottom-water anoxia linked to upwelling. Because sea-ice rafting was probably the dominant sediment transport mechanism it is not appropriate to use sequence stratigraphic methodology to predict lithofacies variability in this environment. Copyright ?? 2005, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2005.056","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Macquaker, J., and Keller, M., 2005, Mudstone sedimentation at high latitudes: Ice as a transport medium for mud and supplier of nutrients: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, no. 4, p. 696-709, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.056.","startPage":"696","endPage":"709","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.056"},{"id":237626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f8ae4b0c8380cd70ff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macquaker, J.H.S.","contributorId":74191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macquaker","given":"J.H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, M.A.","contributorId":41008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031675,"text":"70031675 - 2005 - North American Brant: Effects of changes in habitat and climate on population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T16:02:06","indexId":"70031675","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American Brant: Effects of changes in habitat and climate on population dynamics","docAbstract":"We describe the importance of key habitats used by four nesting populations of nearctic brant (Branta bernicla) and discuss the potential relationship between changes in these habitats and population dynamics of brant. Nearctic brant, in contrast to most geese, rely on marine habitats and native intertidal plants during the non-breeding season, particularly the seagrass, Zostera, and the macroalgae, Ulva. Atlantic and Eastern High Arctic brant have experienced the greatest degradation of their winter habitats (northeastern United States and Ireland, respectively) and have also shown the most plasticity in feeding behavior. Black and Western High Arctic brant of the Pacific Flyway are the most dependent on Zostera, and are undergoing a shift in winter distribution that is likely related to climate change and its associated effects on Zostera dynamics. Variation in breeding propensity of Black Brant associated with winter location and climate strongly suggests that food abundance on the wintering grounds directly affects reproductive performance in these geese. In summer, salt marshes, especially those containing Carex and Puccinellia, are key habitats for raising young, while lake shorelines with fine freshwater grasses and sedges are important for molting birds. Availability and abundance of salt marshes has a direct effect on growth and recruitment of goslings and ultimately, plays an important role in regulating size of local brant populations. ?? 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00942.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Reed, A., Sedinger, J.S., Black, J.M., Derksen, D.V., and Castelli, P.M., 2005, North American Brant: Effects of changes in habitat and climate on population dynamics: Global Change Biology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 869-880, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00942.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"880","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212219,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00942.x"},{"id":239673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67d8e4b0c8380cd734e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Austin","contributorId":18833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Austin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":432625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":77822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":432623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Castelli, Paul M.","contributorId":107931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castelli","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029296,"text":"70029296 - 2005 - Survival of Western Sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T09:51:23","indexId":"70029296","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of Western Sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"The rate of chick growth in high-latitude breeding shorebirds is rapid, but little is known about the effect of chick mass, growth, and brood movements on subsequent brood survival. To address these topics, we monitored chick growth patterns, daily brood movements, and survival of Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. We assessed the effect of chick age, mass, and hatch date on brood survival using Program MARK. We mapped brood locations daily, and compared brood movement patterns between successful and unsuccessful broods. Younger chicks survived at lower rates and moved shorter distances than older chicks. The overall probability of one or more chicks from a brood surviving to 15 days of age was 0.73 ± 0.05 SE. Brood survival declined seasonally, and broods with heavier chicks survived at higher rates than those with lighter chicks. On average, successful broods fledged 1.7 ± 0.1 SE chicks. Rate of chick growth was intermediate between those of high arctic and temperate-breeding shorebirds, and chick mass at hatching declined seasonally. Western Sandpiper brood survival was lowest when chicks were young, spatially clumped, and unable to maintain homeothermy, probably because young chicks were more vulnerable to both complete depredation events and extreme weather. Our data suggest that larger, older chicks are able to avoid predators by being spatially dispersed and highly mobile; thermal independence, achieved after approximately day five, enables chicks to better endure prolonged periods of cold and low food availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:SOWSBO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ruthrauff, D.R., and McCaffery, B.J., 2005, Survival of Western Sandpiper broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Condor, v. 107, no. 3, p. 597-604, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:SOWSBO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"604","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0597:sowsbo]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2c3e4b08c986b31f942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, Brian J.","contributorId":37617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCaffery","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028244,"text":"70028244 - 2005 - Technical review of the status of Northern Goshawks in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028244","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technical review of the status of Northern Goshawks in the western United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) was petitioned in 1997 to consider listing Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, west of the 100th meridian of the contiguous United States. In their 12-mo finding issued in June 1998, the FWS determined that listing this population as threatened or endangered was not warranted and based that decision on review existing population and habitat information. Because the status of goshawks in the western U.S. continues to be contentious and the FWS finding has been challenged, the Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. and The Wildlife Society jointly formed a committee to review information regarding the status of the goshawk population in the contiguous U.S. west of the 100th meridian. The committee was requested to: (1) determine if there is evidence of a population trend in goshawks in the western U.S., excluding Alaska; (2) determine if there is evidence that goshawks nesting in the eastern and western U.S. represent distinctive, genetically unique populations; and (3) evaluate evidence for goshawk-habitat relations, including any association with large, mostly-unbroken tracts of old growth and mature forests. Based on existing information, the committee concluded: (1) existing data are not adequate to assess population trend in goshawks west of the 100th meridian; (2) existing analyses of phylogeography have not provided evidence of genetic differences among recognized (atricapillus, laingi) or putative (apache) subspecies, and the genetic distinctness of atricapillus goshawks in western and eastern North America is not known; and (3) at present, assessing the status of goshawks solely using distribution of late-successional forests is not appropriate, based on the current understanding of goshawk-habitat relations, although goshawks clearly use and often select late-successional forests for nesting and foraging. We provide recommendations on information needs to assess status and population trend of goshawks in the western U.S. ?? 2005 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., DeStefano, S., Goldstein, M., Titus, K., Crocker-Bedford, C., Keane, J., Anthony, R., and Rosenfield, R.N., 2005, Technical review of the status of Northern Goshawks in the western United States: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 192-209.","startPage":"192","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba403e4b08c986b320059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D. E.","contributorId":27816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldstein, M.I.","contributorId":21386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Titus, K.","contributorId":93865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crocker-Bedford, C.","contributorId":99013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crocker-Bedford","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keane, J.J.","contributorId":30729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenfield, Robert N.","contributorId":94013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179564,"text":"70179564 - 2005 - Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska - Yukon border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T14:01:49","indexId":"70179564","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska - Yukon border","docAbstract":"This is a comprehensive inventory of the fish species recorded in marine and estuarine waters between the Alaska–Yukon Territory border in the Beaufort Sea and Cabo San Lucas at the southern end of Baja California and out about 300 miles from shore. Our westernmost range includes the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. In addition, we have also included our best impressions of the species that might reasonably be expected to be members of the West Coast ichthyofauna but have not yet been captured or reported within our study area. These species are marked with an asterisk (*) and have been reported (1) in the western Bering Sea; (2) off Canada’s Yukon Territory and adjacent portions of the Northwest Territories; (3) along the southern-eastern tip (non-Pacific side) of Baja California; and (4) in waters somewhat beyond 300 miles from shore. Although the term West Coast usually refers to the coast of the continuous western states, our usage herein means the entire study area. The West Coast inventory within this range encompasses fish fauna from 44 orders, 232 families, and a minimum of 1,450 species.
Please note that introduced and invasive fish species are marked by double asterisks (**) and that their scientific names are highlighted in gray.
We have compiled this document because the most geographically inclusive previous inventories (Jordan and Evermann 1896a, Jordan et al. 1930) are largely of historical interest and are out of date. More recent lists and compilations have either focused on relatively narrow taxonomic groups (e. g., Kramer et al. 1995, Love et al. 2002), are regional in scope (e. g., Hart 1973, Hubbs et al. 1979, Mecklenburg et al. 2002), or focus on commonly observed species (e. g., Miller and Lea 1972, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). With the explosion of coastal research and environmental assessments, beginning in the 1970s, and more recently, renewed scientific interest in biodiversity (e.g., effects of global climate change), our own studies on related subjects regarding fish populations, assemblages, and biological habitats, suggested this was the appropriate time to update and summarize our knowledge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70179564","usgsCitation":"Love, M., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., and Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005, Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska - Yukon border, ix., 276 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179564.","productDescription":"ix., 276 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1863e4b0f5ce109fcb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mecklenburg, Catherine W.","contributorId":178002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mecklenburg","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mecklenburg, T. Anthony","contributorId":178003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mecklenburg","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}