Examining natural selection in wild populations is challenging, but crucial to understanding many ecological and evolutionary processes. Additionally, in hybridizing populations, natural selection may be an important determinant of the eventual outcome of hybridization. We characterized several components of relative fitness in hybridizing populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and rainbow trout in an effort to better understand the prolonged persistence of both parental species despite predictions of extirpation. Thousands of genomic loci enabled precise quantification of hybrid status in adult and subsequent juvenile generations; a subset of those data also identified parent–offspring relationships. We used linear models and simulations to assess the effects of ancestry on reproductive output and mate choice decisions. We found a relatively low number of late-stage (F3+) hybrids and an excess of F2 juveniles relative to the adult generation in one location, which suggests the presence of hybrid breakdown decreasing the fitness of F2+ hybrids later in life. Assessments of reproductive output showed that Yellowstone cutthroat trout are more likely to successfully reproduce and produce slightly more offspring than their rainbow trout and hybrid counterparts. Mate choice appeared to be largely random, though we did find statistical support for slight female preference for males of similar ancestry. Together, these results show that native Yellowstone cutthroat trout are able to outperform rainbow trout in terms of reproduction and suggest that management action to exclude rainbow trout from spawning locations may bolster the now-rare Yellowstone cutthroat trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.16578","collaboration":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department","usgsCitation":"Rosenthal, W.C., Fennell, J.M., Mandeville, E., Burckhardt, J., Walters, A.W., and Wagner, C., 2022, Hybridization decreases native cutthroat trout reproductive fitness: Molecular Ecology, v. 31, no. 16, p. 4224-4241, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16578.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4224","endPage":"4241","ipdsId":"IP-134904","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenthal, William C.","contributorId":337368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fennell, John M.","contributorId":337830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fennell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandeville, Elizabeth G.","contributorId":270691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Elizabeth G.","affiliations":[{"id":56198,"text":"uwyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burckhardt, Jason C.","contributorId":338996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burckhardt","given":"Jason C.","affiliations":[{"id":36596,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wagner, Catherine E.","contributorId":337377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Catherine E.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70233553,"text":"70233553 - 2022 - Modeling impacts of drought-induced salinity intrusion on carbon dynamics in tidal freshwater forested wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T13:38:10.183469","indexId":"70233553","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-25T06:46:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling impacts of drought-induced salinity intrusion on carbon dynamics in tidal freshwater forested wetlands","docAbstract":"Tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) provide critical ecosystem services including essential habitat for a variety of wildlife species and significant carbon sinks for atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, large uncertainties remain concerning the impacts of climate change on the magnitude and variability of carbon fluxes and storage across a range of TFFW. In this study, we developed a process-driven Tidal Freshwater Wetlands DeNitrification-DeComposition model (TFW-DNDC) that has integrated new features, such as soil salinity effects on plant productivity and soil organic matter decomposition to explore carbon dynamics in TFFW in response to drought-induced saltwater intrusion. Eight sites along the floodplains of the Waccamaw River (USA) and the Savannah River (USA) were selected to represent TFFW transition from healthy to moderately and highly salt-impacted forests, and eventually to oligohaline marshes. TFW-DNDC was calibrated and validated using field observed annual litterfall, stem growth, root growth, soil heterotrophic respiration and soil organic carbon storage. Analyses indicate that plant productivity and soil carbon sequestration in TFFW could change substantially in response to increased soil porewater salinity and reduced soil water table due to drought, but in interactive ways dependent on the river simulated. Such responses are variable due to non-linear relationships between carbon cycling processes and environmental drivers. Plant productivity, plant respiration, soil organic carbon sequestration rate and storage in the highly salt-impacted forest sites decreased significantly under drought conditions compared to normal conditions. Considering the high likelihood of healthy and moderately salt-impacted forests becoming highly salt-impacted forests under future climate change and sea-level rise, it is very likely that TFFW will lose their capacity as carbon sinks without up-slope migration.
The life history of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) includes an initial freshwater phase (parr) that precedes a springtime migration to marine environments as smolts. The development of osmoregulatory systems that will ultimately support the survival of juveniles upon entry into marine habitats is a key aspect of smoltification. While the acquisition of seawater tolerance in all euryhaline species demands the concerted activity of specific ion pumps, transporters, and channels, the contributions of Na+/HCO3− cotransporter 1 (Nbce1) to salinity acclimation remain unresolved. Here, we investigated the branchial and intestinal expression of three Na+/HCO3− cotransporter 1 isoforms, denoted nbce1.1, -1.2a, and -1.2b. Given the proposed role of Nbce1 in supporting the absorption of environmental Na+ by ionocytes, we first hypothesized that expression of a branchial nbce1 transcript (nbce1.2a) would be attenuated in salmon undergoing smoltification and following seawater exposure. In two separate years, we observed spring increases in branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity, Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator 1 expression characteristic of smoltification, whereas there were no attendant changes in nbce1.2a expression. Nonetheless, branchial nbce1.2a levels were reduced in parr and smolts within 2 days of seawater exposure. In the intestine, gene transcript abundance for nbce1.1 increased from spring to summer in the anterior intestine, but not in the posterior intestine or pyloric caeca, and nbce1.1 and -1.2b expression in the intestine showed season-dependent transcriptional regulation by seawater exposure. Collectively, our data indicate that tissue-specific modulation of all three nbce1 isoforms underlies adaptive responses to seawater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00360-022-01443-8","usgsCitation":"Breves, J.P., McKay, I.S., Koltenyuk, V., Nelson, N.N., Lema, S., and McCormick, S.D., 2022, Na+/HCO3- cotransporter 1 (nbce1) isoform gene expression during smoltification and seawater acclimation of Atlantic salmon: Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, v. 192, p. 577-592, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-022-01443-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"592","ipdsId":"IP-136935","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breves, Jason P.","contributorId":6349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breves","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, Ian S.","contributorId":292532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKay","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35659,"text":"Skidmore College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koltenyuk, Victor","contributorId":292533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koltenyuk","given":"Victor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35659,"text":"Skidmore College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Nastasia N.","contributorId":292534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Nastasia","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":35659,"text":"Skidmore College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lema, Sean C.","contributorId":220928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lema","given":"Sean C.","affiliations":[{"id":37658,"text":"California Polytechnic State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70232289,"text":"70232289 - 2022 - Characteristics, relationships and precision of direct acoustic-to-seismic coupling measurements from local explosions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-24T17:32:42.990458","indexId":"70232289","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T12:28:16","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics, relationships and precision of direct acoustic-to-seismic coupling measurements from local explosions","docAbstract":"Acoustic energy originating from explosions, sonic booms, bolides and thunderclaps have been recorded on seismometers since the 1950s. Direct pressure loading from the passing acoustic wave has been modelled and consistently observed to produce ground deformations of the near surface that have retrograde elliptical particle motions. In the past decade, increased deployments of colocated seismometers and infrasound sensors have driven efforts to use the transfer function between direct acoustic-to-seismic coupling to infer near-surface material properties including seismic velocity structure and elastic moduli. In this study, we use a small aperture (≈600 m) array of broadband seismometers installed in different manners and depths in both granite and sedimentary overburden to understand the fundamental nature and repeatability of seismic excitation from 1 to 15 Hz using horizontally propagating acoustic waves generated by 97 local (2–10 km) explosions. In agreement with modelling, we find that the ground motions induced by acoustic-to-seismic coupling attenuate rapidly with depth. We confirm the modelled relation between acoustic and ground motion amplitudes, but show that within one acoustic wavelength, the uncertainty in the transfer coefficient between seismic and acoustic energy at a given seismic station increases linearly with separation distance between the seismic and acoustic sensor. We attribute this observation to the rapid decorrelation of the infrasonic wavefield across small spatial scales and recommend colocating seismic and infrasound sensors for use in studies seeking to invert for near-surface material properties. Additionally, contrary to acoustic-to-seismic coupling theory and prior observations, we find that seismometers emplaced in granite do not record retrograde elliptical particle motions in response to direct pressure loading. We rule out seismometer tilt effects as a likely source of this observations and suggest that existing models of acoustic-to-seismic excitation may be too simplistic for seismometers placed in high rigidity materials.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggac154","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.E., Watzak, J., Ringler, A.T., and Wilson, D.C., 2022, Characteristics, relationships and precision of direct acoustic-to-seismic coupling measurements from local explosions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 230, no. 3, p. 2019-2035, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac154.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2019","endPage":"2035","ipdsId":"IP-135891","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watzak, Josh","contributorId":292554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watzak","given":"Josh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62934,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70232285,"text":"70232285 - 2022 - Effects of flow regulation and drought on geomorphology and floodplain habitat along the Colorado River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T14:10:59.9375","indexId":"70232285","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T12:19:51","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of flow regulation and drought on geomorphology and floodplain habitat along the Colorado River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah","docAbstract":"Streamflow regulation compounded by regional drought has resulted in up to 22% reduction in channel width, changes in channel planform, expansion of riparian vegetation, and alterations to floodplain habitat on the Colorado River in Meander Canyon, Utah. Although some changes in channel width occurred between the 1940s and 1980s, coinciding with major phases of upstream water development, larger decreases in channel width occurred between 1993 and 2006 during periods of exceptionally low annual floods. These findings illustrate that low runoff associated with regional drought and climate change may cause changes in river channel form that accelerate and compound the effects of upstream water development. Declining peak flows have also resulted in disconnection between the wetted channel and floodplains, where inundated back-levee depressions provide habitat used by two species of threatened and endangered native fish. Despite this disconnection, some back-levee depressions on the floodplain continue to be inundated by ~1.5-year recurrence floods via connections created by tributary mouths, floodplain outflow channels, and levee breaches excavated by resident beaver. These changes are shown by analysis of aerial images, high-resolution bathymetric and topographic measurements, and 2-dimensional streamflow modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.4014","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., Head, E., and Mueller, E., 2022, Effects of flow regulation and drought on geomorphology and floodplain habitat along the Colorado River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah: River Research and Applications, v. 38, no. 7, p. 1266-1276, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4014.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1266","endPage":"1276","ipdsId":"IP-136185","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands National Park, Green River, Meander Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.0445556640625,\n 38.043765107439675\n ],\n [\n -109.49249267578125,\n 38.043765107439675\n ],\n [\n -109.49249267578125,\n 38.541720956040386\n ],\n [\n -110.0445556640625,\n 38.541720956040386\n ],\n [\n -110.0445556640625,\n 38.043765107439675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":216115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, Eric","contributorId":292552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Head","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49973,"text":"School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Erich R. 0000-0001-8202-154X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-154X","contributorId":207750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Erich R.","affiliations":[{"id":37626,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232284,"text":"70232284 - 2022 - Speciation with gene flow in a narrow endemic West Virginia cave salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T13:56:59.786235","indexId":"70232284","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T10:54:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Speciation with gene flow in a narrow endemic West Virginia cave salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus)","title":"Speciation with gene flow in a narrow endemic West Virginia cave salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus)","docAbstract":"Due to their limited geographic distributions and specialized ecologies, cave species are often highly endemic and can be especially vulnerable to habitat degradation within and surrounding the cave systems they inhabit. We investigated the evolutionary history of the West Virginia Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus), estimated the population trend from historic and current survey data, and assessed the current potential for water quality threats to the cave habitat. Our genomic data (mtDNA sequence and ddRADseq-derived SNPs) reveal two, distinct evolutionary lineages within General Davis Cave corresponding to G. subterraneus and its widely distributed sister species, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, that are also differentiable based on morphological traits. Genomic models of evolutionary history strongly support asymmetric and continuous gene flow between the two lineages, and hybrid classification analyses identify only parental and first generation cross (F1) progeny. Collectively, these results point to a rare case of sympatric speciation occurring within the cave, leading to strong support for continuing to recognize G. subterraneus as a distinct and unique species. Due to its specialized habitat requirements, the complete distribution of G. subterraneus is unresolved, but using survey data in its type locality (and currently the only known occupied site), we find that the population within General Davis Cave has possibly declined over the last 45 years. Finally, our measures of cave and surface stream water quality did not reveal evidence of water quality impairment and provide important baselines for future monitoring. In addition, our unexpected finding of a hybrid zone and partial reproductive isolation between G. subterraneus and G. porphyriticus warrants further attention to better understand the evolutionary and conservation implications of occasional hybridization between the species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-022-01445-7","usgsCitation":"Campbell Grant, E.H., Mulder, K.P., Brand, A.B., Chambers, D.B., Wynn, A.H., Capshaw, G., Niemiller, M.L., Phillips, J.G., Jacobs, J.F., Kuchta, S.R., and Bell, R., 2022, Speciation with gene flow in a narrow endemic West Virginia cave salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus): Conservation Genetics, v. 23, p. 727-744, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-022-01445-7.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"744","ipdsId":"IP-131641","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KO62A3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Field data to support speciation with gene flow in a narrow endemic West Virginia cave salamander (Gyrinophilus subterraneus)"},{"id":402476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Greenbrier","otherGeospatial":"General Davis Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.67157745361328,\n 37.70962774559374\n ],\n [\n -80.46730041503906,\n 37.70962774559374\n ],\n [\n -80.46730041503906,\n 37.774785412131244\n ],\n [\n -80.67157745361328,\n 37.774785412131244\n ],\n [\n -80.67157745361328,\n 37.70962774559374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulder, Kevin P.","contributorId":194918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulder","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Adrianne B. 0000-0003-2664-0041 abrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":3352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","email":"abrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":292547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wynn, Addison H.","contributorId":50648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Addison","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Capshaw, Grace","contributorId":292549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capshaw","given":"Grace","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Niemiller, Matthew L.","contributorId":167679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niemiller","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":24804,"text":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Phillips, John G.","contributorId":292550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":33345,"text":" University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jacobs, Jeremy F.","contributorId":41130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kuchta, Shawn R.","contributorId":102018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuchta","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bell, Rayna C.","contributorId":292551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Rayna C.","affiliations":[{"id":12937,"text":"California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70255021,"text":"70255021 - 2022 - Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T15:38:26.240566","indexId":"70255021","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T10:34:23","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology","title":"Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology","docAbstract":"Pseudoloma neurophilia is a critical threat to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, as it is the most common infectious agent found in research facilities. In this study, our objectives were two-fold: (1) compare the application of diagnostic tools for P. neurophilia and (2) track the progression of infection using PCR and histology. The first experiment showed that whole-body analysis by qPCR (WB-qPCR) can be a standardized process, providing a streamlined diagnostic protocol, without the need for extraction of specific tissues. Evaluating the course of infection in experimentally infected fish, we showed key dynamics in infection. Starting with a low dose exposure of 8000 spores/fish, the prevalence remained low until 92 days post-exposure (dpe), followed by a 30%–40% prevalence by histology or 40%–90% by PCR until the end of the experiment at 334 dpe. WB-qPCR positively detected infection in more fish than histology throughout the study, as WB-qPCR detected the parasite as early as 4 dpe, whereas it was undetected by histology until 92 dpe. We also added a second slide for histologic analyses, showing an increase in detection rate from 24% to 26% when we combined all data from our experiments, but this increase was not statistically significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfd.13675","usgsCitation":"Schuster, C.J., Kreul, T., Al-Samarrie, C.E., Peterson, J., Sanders, J., and Kent, M., 2022, Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 45, no. 10, p. 1463-1475, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13675.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1463","endPage":"1475","ipdsId":"IP-142137","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Corbin J.","contributorId":338307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuster","given":"Corbin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kreul, Taylor","contributorId":338308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kreul","given":"Taylor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Samarrie, Colleen E.","contributorId":338309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Samarrie","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanders, Justin L.","contributorId":338310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":338311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70232283,"text":"70232283 - 2022 - Provenance of Devonian-Carboniferous strata of Colorado: The influence of the Cambrian and the Proterozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-24T15:42:08.004746","indexId":"70232283","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T10:24:34","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3310,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Provenance of Devonian-Carboniferous strata of Colorado: The influence of the Cambrian and the Proterozoic","docAbstract":"We report new LA-ICPMS U-Pb detrital zircon ages and sedimentary petrology of silty to sandy limestones and dolostones, as well as calcareous to dolomitic sandstones of the Devonian-Carboniferous (Mississippian) Chaffee Group, as well as detrital zircon ages from the Late Cambrian Sawatch Quartzite and a U-Pb zircon crystallization age on a late Mesoproterozoic (1087.9 13.5 Ma) granitoid of underlying basement from the Eagle basin of Colorado. Grain populations in the Chaffee Group are mostly bimodal, with over 84% of zircons centered around a Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.78 Ga) mode typical of the Yavapai Province that forms much of the basement of Colorado and an early Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.42 Ga) mode typical of A-type granites that intrude this region. A notable late Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.08 Ga) mode exists in some Chaffee samples, giving those samples a trimodal detrital zircon age distribution. These bipartite or tripartite detrital zircon age modes exist in Cambrian, Devonian and Carboniferous strata from paleogeographically adjacent successions, but the correlation between the Chaffee zircons is highest with the regions basal Cambrian sandstones (Sawatch, Flathead, Ignacio formations) which have similar (1.08 Ga, 1.43 Ga, 1.71 Ga) zircon populations and a paucity of >1.8 Ga grains. This similarity suggests that the majority of grains in the Chaffee Group derive from recycling of these basal sandstones, and that little sediment was derived directly from then-exposed Precambrian basement highs, from the Wyoming Craton to the north, or from Paleoproterozoic arcs and orogens to the west and northeast. Minor Mesoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic (ca. 3.00 to 2.40 Ga) grains exist in the Chaffee Group, an attribute shared by the Late Ordovician Harding Sandstone of Colorados Front Range, but that is absent from the regions underlying Cambrian sandstonessuggesting some recycled mixture of Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks. No near-depositional age grains are present in the Chaffee Group; the youngest grain is Early Devonian (~417 Ma), >45 m.y. older than these strata, and Paleozoic grains are extremely uncommon (<0.1%; n=2927 grains).","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wyoming","doi":"10.24872/rmgjournal.57.1.1","usgsCitation":"Holm-Denoma, C., Matthews, W.A., Soar, L., Longman, M.W., and Hagadorn, J.W., 2022, Provenance of Devonian-Carboniferous strata of Colorado: The influence of the Cambrian and the Proterozoic: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.24872/rmgjournal.57.1.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-134077","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.10983276367186,\n 39.40861097325807\n ],\n [\n -106.16500854492188,\n 39.40861097325807\n ],\n [\n -106.16500854492188,\n 39.890772566959534\n ],\n [\n -107.10983276367186,\n 39.890772566959534\n ],\n [\n -107.10983276367186,\n 39.40861097325807\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":219763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher S.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matthews, William A.","contributorId":292542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthews","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16660,"text":"University of Calgary","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soar, Linda","contributorId":292543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soar","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27833,"text":"Denver Museum of Nature and Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longman, Mark W.","contributorId":292544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longman","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27833,"text":"Denver Museum of Nature and Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hagadorn, James W.","contributorId":219765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagadorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40069,"text":"Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Department of Earth Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70255102,"text":"70255102 - 2022 - Integrating monitoring and optimization modeling to inform flow decisions for Chinook salmon smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T13:42:40.49227","indexId":"70255102","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T08:33:11","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating monitoring and optimization modeling to inform flow decisions for Chinook salmon smolts","docAbstract":"Monitoring is usually among the first actions taken to help inform recovery planning for declining species, but these data are rarely used formally to inform conservation decision making. For example, Central Valley Chinook salmon were once abundant, but anthropogenic activities have led to widespread habitat loss and degradation resulting in significant population declines. Monitoring data suggest survival through the southern Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, in particular, may be a limiting factor for juvenile Chinook salmon outmigrating from the San Joaquin River and its tributaries. However, survival and routing monitoring data have not been formally used to inform water management in a decision analytic framework. Here, we illustrate how estimates derived from disjunct monitoring data can be used to inform water management and as a basis for adaptively managing flows. We aggregated a meta-analysis of Chinook salmon smolt survival and routing estimates through the south Delta with other sources of data to develop a survival and routing simulation model to estimate optimal flows for the San Joaquin River during smolt outmigration from February–May. We found that large flow pulses at predictable times during the spring are projected to be optimal for increasing Chinook salmon smolt survival to the San Francisco Bay and that optimal scenarios differed somewhat with water year type. Sensitivity analysis revealed temperature and smolt outmigration timing are driving optimal pulse distribution and that water allocation changes little with parameter uncertainty. This case study highlights the utility of the decision-analytic framework for solving conservation problems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110058","usgsCitation":"Wohner, P.J., Duarte, A., Wikert, J., Cavallo, B., Zeug, S.C., and Peterson, J., 2022, Integrating monitoring and optimization modeling to inform flow decisions for Chinook salmon smolts: Ecological Modelling, v. 471, 110058, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110058.","productDescription":"110058, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133558","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110058","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":430269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.22739494059627,\n 38.193612778746115\n ],\n [\n -122.22739494059627,\n 37.63171263541648\n ],\n [\n -120.98640474009068,\n 37.63171263541648\n ],\n [\n -120.98640474009068,\n 38.193612778746115\n ],\n [\n -122.22739494059627,\n 38.193612778746115\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"471","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wohner, Patti J.","contributorId":338611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wohner","given":"Patti","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":338612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wikert, John","contributorId":338613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wikert","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25470,"text":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cavallo, Brad","contributorId":338615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cavallo","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81177,"text":"Cramer Fish Sciences, Modeling, Analysis, and Synthesis Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zeug, Steven C.","contributorId":338617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeug","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":81177,"text":"Cramer Fish Sciences, Modeling, Analysis, and Synthesis Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70231865,"text":"70231865 - 2022 - Wading bird foraging on a wetland landscape: A comparison of two strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T13:30:54.834529","indexId":"70231865","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T08:28:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2699,"text":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wading bird foraging on a wetland landscape: A comparison of two strategies","docAbstract":"Tactile-feeding wading birds, such as wood storks and white ibises, require high densities of prey such as small fishes and crayfish to support themselves and their offspring during the breeding season. Prey availability in wetlands is often determined by seasonal hydrologic pulsing, such as in the subtropical Everglades, where spatial distributions of prey can vary through time, becoming heterogeneously clumped in patches, such as ponds or sloughs, as the wetland dries out. In this mathematical modeling study, we selected two possible foraging strategies to examine how they impact total energetic intake over a time scale of one day. In the first, wading birds sample prey patches without a priori knowledge of the patches' prey densities, moving from patch to patch, staying long enough to estimate the prey density, until they find one that meets a predetermined satisfactory threshold, and then staying there for a longer period. For this case, we solve for a wading bird's expected prey intake over the course of a day, given varying theoretical probability distributions of patch prey densities across the landscape. In the second strategy considered, it is assumed that the wading bird samples a given number of patches, and then uses memory to return to the highest quality patch. Our results show how total intake over a day is impacted by assumptions of the parameters governing the spatial distribution of prey among patches, which is a key source of parameter uncertainty in both natural and managed ecosystems. Perhaps surprisingly, the foraging strategy that uses a prey density threshold generally led to higher maximum potential prey intake than the strategy for using memory to return to the best patch sampled. These results will contribute to understanding the foraging of wading birds and to the management of wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"AIMS Press","doi":"10.3934/mbe.2022361","usgsCitation":"Lee, H.W., DeAngelis, D.L., Yurek, S., and Tennenbaum, S., 2022, Wading bird foraging on a wetland landscape: A comparison of two strategies: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, v. 19, no. 8, p. 7687-7718, https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022361.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"7687","endPage":"7718","ipdsId":"IP-138910","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":401534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Hyo Won","contributorId":292184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Hyo","email":"","middleInitial":"Won","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":148065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yurek, Simeon 0000-0002-6209-7915","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-7915","contributorId":216733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yurek","given":"Simeon","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tennenbaum, Stephen","contributorId":292180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tennenbaum","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70254298,"text":"70254298 - 2022 - Satellite remote sensing of crop water use across the Missouri River Basin for 1986–2018 period","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-17T11:43:50.362857","indexId":"70254298","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-24T06:42:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":680,"text":"Agricultural Water Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite remote sensing of crop water use across the Missouri River Basin for 1986–2018 period","docAbstract":"Understanding historical crop water use (CWU) dynamics is important to improve land and water management. In this study, well-validated (coefficient of determination = 0.91, percent bias = 4%, and percent root mean square error = 11.8%) Landsat-based actual evapotranspiration (ETa) time-series estimations were used to (1) assess summer season CWU (CWU-Su) dynamics, (2) investigate CWU-Su trends over the study period (1986–2018; 33 years) at the regional- and pixel-scales, and (3) attribute CWU-Su driving factors across Missouri River Basin. Spatial variability of the ETa estimations along with the observed bimodal probability density distribution of ETa highlighted a strong relation between land cover and water uses across the basin. The bimodal distribution of ETa also indicated the presence of two major landcovers in the basin. The drier foothill regions in northwestern Missouri River Basin, dominated by grassland/shrubland, showed lower ETa (< 500 mm/year), whereas cropland dominated regions in lower semi-humid basin and forested subbasins exhibited higher ETa (> 600 mm/year). The CWU-Su anomalies revealed the vulnerability of the basin to year-to-year weather conditions. The CWU-Su trend analysis revealed a significant positive trend (p < 0.1) at the regional-scale affecting 30% of basin’s cropland pixels. The cropland pixels under positive CWU-Su trend were found to be clustered in the eastern and central Missouri River Basin as a result of the combined effect of increased crop production area, increased crop yields, crop practice shifts to higher biomass crops, and increased irrigated land. The effect of improved irrigation and water management practices on reducing CWU-Su was observed in western Missouri River Basin, which had a stable major crop throughout the study period. Overall, the study highlights the usefulness of Landsat imagery and remote sensing-based ETa modeling approaches in generating historical time-series ETa maps over a wide range of elevation, vegetation, and climate.
Understanding the role that an environmental prion reservoir plays in the outbreak dynamics of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is critical for the allocation of disease surveillance resources by state and provincial wildlife agencies. We hypothesized that demographic, ecological, and epidemiological configurations naturally attenuate epidemic risk despite the introduction of infectious prions into a susceptible population of deer, but the magnitude of infectious prions in the environmental prion reservoir complicate outbreak expectations. We developed a Susceptible-Latent-Exposed-Infective (SLEI) compartment model to represent the dynamics of CWD epidemics in free-ranging white-tailed deer, then used the basic reproductive ratio (
In oil spill research, a topic of increasing attention during the last decade has been the environmental impact of the partial oxidation products that result from transformation of the petroleum in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. This report describes the isolation and characterization of the partial oxidation products from crude oil contaminating groundwater at the long-term U.S. Geological Survey Bemidji research site in Minnesota. As the result of a pipeline burst in August 1979, a body of light aliphatic crude oil is present from the land surface to 2 meters below the water table in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer in a remote area outside Bemidji, Minnesota, United States. Biodegradation has resulted in the formation of a plume of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) downgradient from the oil body. Groundwater has also been contaminated in an area known as the spray zone, from vertical infiltration of DOC resulting from biodegradation of oil in the soil column, and possibly from photooxidation of oil at the soil surface. The majority of DOC in the contaminated groundwater is in the form of nonvolatile organic acids (NVOAs) which represent the partial oxidation products of the crude oil constituents. The NVOAs have been classified into three fractions according to their isolation on XAD resins: hydrophobic neutrals (HPON), hydrophobic acids (HPOA), and hydrophilic acids (HPIA). These fractions of NVOAs were isolated from wells downgradient from the oil body (sampling well numbers 533, 532, 530, 515), in the spray zone (603), and from an uncontaminated well upgradient of the oil body (310) between the years 1986 and 1989, and again from wells 530 and 603 in 1998. The samples have been characterized by elemental analysis, radiocarbon dating, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), and negative-mode (-) electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FTICR-MS), with a particular focus on fractions from wells 310, 530, and 603.
All the characterization data indicate that the NVOAs from contaminated wells are distinguishable from the background DOC. Carbon-14 (14C) ages of NVOAs from contaminated wells ranged from 3,615 to 18,985 years before the present, whereas the background DOC from the aquifer was post-bomb (post 1950). By elemental analysis, NVOAs from contaminated wells had higher sulfur but lower nitrogen contents than the background. By electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, number average molecular weights determined from assigned molecular formulas ranged from 416 to 486 daltons for the HPOA and HPIA fractions from both background and contaminant wells. NVOAs from contaminated wells had significantly greater numbers of assigned molecular formulas containing sulfur, with elevated concentrations of the S1O4-10 species in particular. Compared to the background, HPOA and HPIA fractions from contaminant wells had a broader range of double bond equivalents (DBEs) within On compound classes (n is number of atoms). Additionally, within On compound classes, contaminant well HPOA fractions had a greater abundance of lower n (less than eight) than the background. Contaminant well double bond equivalents versus carbon number (C#) plots of oxygen compound classes suggest oil-derived aliphatic compounds in the range from C12 to C22 in HPOA and HPIA fractions and oil-derived compounds containing aromatic or saturated rings in the approximate range from C20 to C30 are present in HPOA fractions.
The data suggest the NVOAs originate from biodegradation of several classes of C12 and greater crude oil constituents: sulfur-containing constituents, including possibly the resins and asphaltenes; constituents containing aromatic rings substituted with methyl groups, including alkylaromatic and naph-
thenoaromatic compounds, and C12 to C22 alkyl constituents. The overall similarities of the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for the well 603 and 530 samples from the two sampling dates suggest that a steady state in the composition of the partial oxidation products in each of the two wells had been reached between 1986–1989 and 1998.
Chief, USGS National Water Quality Laboratory
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25585, Mail Stop 407
Denver, CO 80225-0585
Traditional methods to assess the probability of storm-induced erosion and flooding from extreme water levels have limited use along the U.S. West Coast where swell dominates erosion and storm surge is limited. This effort presents methodology to assess the probability of erosion and flooding for the U.S. West Coast from extreme total water levels (TWLs), but the approach is applicable to coastal settings worldwide. TWLs were derived from 61 years of wave and water level data at shore-perpendicular transects every 100-m along open coast shorelines. At each location, wave data from the Global Ocean Waves model were downscaled to the nearshore and used to empirically calculate wave run-up. Tides were simulated using the Oregon State University’s tidal data inversion model and non-tidal residuals were calculated from sea-surface temperature and pressure anomalies. Wave run-up was combined with still water levels to generate hourly TWL estimates and extreme TWLs for multiple return periods. Extremes were compared to onshore morphology to determine erosion hazards and define the probability of collision, overwash, and inundation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/s41597-022-01313-6","usgsCitation":"Shope, J.B., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P.L., Storlazzi, C.D., Serafin, K.A., Doran, K., Stockdon, H.F., Reguero, B.G., Mendez, F.J., Castanedo, S., Cid, A., Cagigal, L., and Ruggiero, P., 2022, Characterizing storm-induced coastal change hazards along the United States West Coast: Nature--Scientific Data, v. 9, 224, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01313-6.","productDescription":"224, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122757","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01313-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LBJEY1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Chesapeake Bay Nontidal Network 1985 - 2018: 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Sonia","contributorId":292450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castanedo","given":"Sonia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41638,"text":"University of Cantabria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cid, Alba","contributorId":292451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cid","given":"Alba","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41638,"text":"University of Cantabria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cagigal, Laura","contributorId":264473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cagigal","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter","contributorId":15709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70236762,"text":"70236762 - 2022 - Response study of a tall San Diego, California building inferred from the M7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake motions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T13:29:55.472618","indexId":"70236762","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-23T08:23:28","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":12589,"text":"The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response study of a tall San Diego, California building inferred from the M7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake motions","docAbstract":"The shaking of a new 24-story tall building in San Diego, California, was recorded by its seismic monitoring array during the M7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake of July 5, 2019. The building is located ~340 km from the epicenter of the event. The building is a special moment framed (SMF) steel structure with reduced beam sections (RBS) and viscous damper systems (DS). Peak accelerations recorded by the array indicate 0.007 g at the basement level and 0.044 g at the roof level. Spectral analyses and system identification methods indicate coupled NS, EW, and torsinal fundamental modes at ~ 0.30 Hz frequency and critical damping percentages < 5%. For the EW and fundamental torsional modes, critical damping percentages are < 2.5%. At the low-level shaking, the computed largest average drift ratio is ~ 0.065%, less than 0.5% of the value considered to be the starting threshold of nonlinear behavior or damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Open","doi":"10.2174/18748368-v16-e2108040","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., and Swensen, D., 2022, Response study of a tall San Diego, California building inferred from the M7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake motions: The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal, v. 16, no. Suppl 1, e187483682108040, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.2174/18748368-v16-e2108040.","productDescription":"e187483682108040, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122744","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18748368-v16-e2108040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.17279434204102,\n 32.69226560224167\n ],\n [\n -117.11975097656249,\n 32.69226560224167\n ],\n [\n -117.11975097656249,\n 32.73703926550904\n ],\n [\n -117.17279434204102,\n 32.73703926550904\n ],\n [\n -117.17279434204102,\n 32.69226560224167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"Suppl 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swensen, Daniel","contributorId":296667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swensen","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64121,"text":"CSMIP-CGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70241792,"text":"70241792 - 2022 - Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T12:16:37.620756","indexId":"70241792","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-23T07:14:37","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity","docAbstract":"Mauka-to-makai (mountain to sea in the Hawaiian language) hydrologic connectivity – commonly referred to as ridge-to-reef – directly affects biogeochemical processes and socioecological functions across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems. The supply of freshwater to estuarine and nearshore environments in a ridge-to-reef system supports the food, water, and habitats utilized by marine fauna. In addition, the ecosystem services derived from this land-to-sea connectivity support social and cultural practices (hereafter referred to as socio-cultural) including fishing, aquaculture, wetland agriculture, religious ceremonies, and recreational activities. To effectively guide island resource management, a better understanding of the linkages from ridge-to-reef across natural and social usages is critical, particularly in the context of climate change, with anticipated increasing temperature and shifting precipitation patterns. The objective of this study was to identify spatial linkages that promote multiple and diverse uses, following the ridge-to-reef concept, at an island-wide scale to identify regions of high conservation importance for aquatic resources. We selected the Island of Maui as a study representative of many Pacific islands. Diverse datasets, including agricultural lands within watersheds, wetland locations, presence of stream species, indicators of freshwater input from streams, coral cover, nearshore fish biomass, socio-cultural data such as fishpond locations, wetland taro cultivation, beach recreation use, and lastly the dynamically downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase (CMIP5) future climate projections scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 & 8.5) were used to examine the spatial linkages through hydrological connectivity from land to the sea. Zonation spatial planning software was used to prioritize areas of high management and conservation value and to help inform aquatic resources management. The resulting prioritized areas included many minimally disturbed watersheds in east Maui and western nearshore and coastal zones that are adjacent to diverse coral reefs. These results are driven by the importance of fish biomass and coral reef distribution as well as traditional wetland taro cultivation and coastal access points for recreation. These results underline the importance of examining ridge-to-reef systems for aquatic resource management and including important social and cultural values in resource management upon planning adaptation strategies for climate change. Improving our understanding of diverse natural and socio-cultural influences on habitat conditions and their values in these areas provides an opportunity to strategically plan future management and conservation actions.
This report assesses the status and trends of selected ecological health indicators of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) based on the data collected and analyzed by the Long Term Resource Monitoring element of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration program, supplemented with data from other sources. This report has four objectives: providing a brief introduction of the UMRS, including its significance, history, modern-day stressors, and recent research; using ecological indicators to describe the status of the river system and where and how it has changed from circa 1993 to 2019; discussing management and restoration implications of these changes; and highlighting the fundamental role of long-term monitoring in the understanding, management, and restoration of large-floodplain rivers.
The data were collected in the six Long Term Resource Monitoring element study reaches that spanned much of the UMRS and the various gradients contained therein. These study reaches included Navigation Pools 4, 8, 13, and 26; the part of the Unimpounded Reach of the Upper Mississippi River between Grand Tower and Cairo, Illinois; and the La Grange Pool on the Illinois River. The indicators included in this report describe the status and trends for the hydrology, geomorphology, floodplain vegetation, water quality, vegetation, and fishes of the UMRS. Many of the indicators of river ecosystem health changed significantly over the nearly 30 years of our evaluation. However, there was substantial spatial variability in the magnitude and timing of those changes among study reaches. Few indicators changed everywhere or nowhere; most indicators changed in some reaches but not others. The quantitative assessments of these indicators describe how the conditions of the river differ across hydrogeomorphic and climate gradients and through time and are intended to support the restoration and management of the UMRS.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","programNote":"Species Management Research Program and Land Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Houser, J.N., ed., 2022, Ecological status and trends of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers (ver. 1.1, July 2022): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1039, 199 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221039.","productDescription":"xiv, 199 p.","numberOfPages":"220","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-125605","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1039/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":402336,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1039/ofr20221039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"41.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1039"},{"id":403771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1039/versionHist.txt","size":"3.11 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":501772,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113198.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River, upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.329833984375,\n 46.172222978455395\n ],\n [\n -90.340576171875,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -92.384033203125,\n 46.49082901981415\n ],\n [\n -93.087158203125,\n 46.74738913515841\n ],\n [\n -93.262939453125,\n 47.42065432071318\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 47.76148371616669\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 46.912750956378915\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -97.393798828125,\n 45.867062714815475\n ],\n [\n -97.591552734375,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 44.56699093657141\n ],\n [\n -95.43823242187499,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -95.042724609375,\n 42.70665956351041\n ],\n [\n -94.559326171875,\n 41.82045509614034\n ],\n [\n -94.02099609375,\n 41.20345619205131\n ],\n [\n -93.043212890625,\n 39.66491373749128\n ],\n [\n -92.61474609375,\n 39.172658670429946\n ],\n [\n -91.790771484375,\n 38.84826438869913\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 37.43997405227057\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 36.86204269508728\n ],\n [\n -89.18701171875,\n 37.046408899699564\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -86.781005859375,\n 41.5579215778042\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -87.86865234374999,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -88.494873046875,\n 43.31718491566705\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 43.937461690316646\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -89.329833984375,\n 46.172222978455395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: June 22, 2022; Version 1.1: July 14, 2022","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
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In Spring 2021, the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant began to cause increases in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in parts of the United States. At the time, with slowed vaccination uptake, this novel variant was expected to increase the risk of pandemic resurgence in the US in summer and fall 2021. As part of the COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, an ensemble of nine mechanistic models produced 6-month scenario projections for July–December 2021 for the United States. These projections estimated substantial resurgences of COVID-19 across the US resulting from the more transmissible Delta variant, projected to occur across most of the US, coinciding with school and business reopening. The scenarios revealed that reaching higher vaccine coverage in July–December 2021 reduced the size and duration of the projected resurgence substantially, with the expected impacts was largely concentrated in a subset of states with lower vaccination coverage. Despite accurate projection of COVID-19 surges occurring and timing, the magnitude was substantially underestimated 2021 by the models compared with the of the reported cases, hospitalizations, and deaths occurring during July–December, highlighting the continued challenges to predict the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination uptake remains critical to limiting transmission and disease, particularly in states with lower vaccination coverage. Higher vaccination goals at the onset of the surge of the new variant were estimated to avert over 1.5 million cases and 21,000 deaths, although may have had even greater impacts, considering the underestimated resurgence magnitude from the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd","doi":"10.7554/eLife.73584","usgsCitation":"Truelove, S., Smith, C.P., Qin, M., Mullany, L., Borchering, R.K., Lessler, J., Shea, K., Howerton, E., Contamin, L., Levander, J., Kerr, J., Hochheiser, H., Kinsey, M., Tallaksen, K., Wilson, S., Shin, L., Rainwater-Lovett, K., Lemaitre, J., Dent, J., Kaminsky, J., Lee, E.C., Perez-Saez, J., Hill, A., Karlen, D., Chinazzi, M., Davis, J., Mu, K., Xiong, X., Pastore y Piontti, A., Vespignani, A., Srivastava, A., Porebski, P., Venkatramanan, S., Adiga, A., Lewis, B., Klahn, B., Outten, J., Orr, M., Harrison, G., Hurt, B., Chen, J., Vullikanti, A., Marathe, M., Hoops, S., Bhattacharya, P., Machi, D., Chen, S., Paul, R., Janies, D., Thill, J., Galanti, M., Yamana, T., Pei, S., Shaman, J.L., Healy, J., Slayton, R.B., Biggerstaff, M., Johansson, M.A., Runge, M.C., and Viboud, C., 2022, Projected resurgence of COVID-19 in the United States in July—December 2021 resulting from the 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season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-20T16:34:49.404382","indexId":"70232259","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-20T11:04:17","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive models of phosphorus concentration and load in stormwater runoff from small urban residential watersheds in fall season","docAbstract":"Urban street trees are a key part of public green infrastructure in many cities, however, leaf litter on streets is a critical biogenic source of phosphorus (P) in urban stormwater runoff during Fall. This study identified mass of street leaf litter (Mleaf) and antecedent dry days (ADD) as the top two explanatory parameters that have significant predictive power of event end-of-pipe P concentrations through multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Mleaf and volume of runoff (Vol) were the top two key explanatory parameters of event end-of-pipe P loads. Two-predictor MLR models were developed with these explanatory parameters using a 40-storm dataset derived from six small urban residential watersheds in Wisconsin, USA, and evaluated using storms specific to each study basin. The MLR model validation results indicated sensitivity to storm composition in the datasets. Our analysis shows selected parameters can be used by environmental managers to facilitate end-of-pipe P prediction in urban areas. This information can be used to reduce the amount of P in stormwater runoff by adjusting the timing and frequency of municipal leaf collection and street cleaning programs in urban areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115171","usgsCitation":"Wang, Y., Thompson, A., and Selbig, W.R., 2022, Predictive models of phosphorus concentration and load in stormwater runoff from small urban residential watersheds in fall season: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 315, 115171, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115171.","productDescription":"115171, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122605","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fond du Lac, Madison, Oshkosh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.58389282226561,\n 42.97752543508356\n ],\n [\n -89.25018310546875,\n 42.97752543508356\n ],\n [\n -89.25018310546875,\n 43.206176810164784\n ],\n [\n -89.58389282226561,\n 43.206176810164784\n ],\n [\n -89.58389282226561,\n 42.97752543508356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.62533569335938,\n 43.94042832696309\n ],\n [\n -88.48251342773438,\n 43.94042832696309\n ],\n [\n -88.48251342773438,\n 44.11125397357155\n ],\n [\n -88.62533569335938,\n 44.11125397357155\n ],\n [\n -88.62533569335938,\n 43.94042832696309\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.51066589355469,\n 43.72694838956604\n ],\n [\n -88.36578369140625,\n 43.72694838956604\n ],\n [\n -88.36578369140625,\n 43.823629034783124\n ],\n [\n -88.51066589355469,\n 43.823629034783124\n ],\n [\n -88.51066589355469,\n 43.72694838956604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"315","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Yi 0000-0003-3638-7940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-7940","contributorId":236843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Anita 0000-0002-6202-1742","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-1742","contributorId":236844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Anita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232258,"text":"70232258 - 2022 - Demonstration of a novel quantitative microscopy technique for automated characterization of in situ particulate matter in coal miners with progressive massive fibrosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T13:56:28.826441","indexId":"70232258","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-20T10:55:33","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Demonstration of a novel quantitative microscopy technique for automated characterization of in situ particulate matter in coal miners with progressive massive fibrosis","docAbstract":"Rationale: Increasing exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) linked to changes in mining production processes has been implicated in the resurgence of severe lung disease in U.S. coal miners. Lung mineralogy can provide insight into particle pathogenesis. However, standard approaches to characterizing in situ particulate matter (PM) by pulmonary pathologists have poor inter-rater comparability, and consensus agreement is time consuming. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) is technically complex and labor intensive. We developed a method for quantitative in situ PM characterization using conventional polarized light microscopy (PLM) and explored PM features in lung tissue of coal miners with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). \nMethods: With institutional review board approval, PLM images were obtained from 30 miners with PMF, classified by pathologists consensus based on PM profusion; 10 from each profusion group (mild/moderate/severe) were selected. Automated PM counting and characterization (including dimensions and grayscale intensity of PM > 0.3 m diameter) was performed on image samples using PLM with modified cell-counting software (BZ-X800 light microscope, Keyence Corporation, Osaka, Japan) (Figure 1). Quantitative PM density loge(PM count)/mm3 tissue was calculated for each sample and compared to pathologist PM profusion groups. PMF lesion type using consensus pathologist classification (13 coal-type, 9 mixed-type, and 8 silicotic-type) was compared to automated PM birefringence level (% particles with mean grayscale intensity <65, range 0-255). RCS particles are expected to be weakly birefringent (lower intensity) relative to other common minerals (e.g., silicates) contained in coal mine dust. PM features were analyzed in R 4.0.3 using one-way ANOVA for between-group comparisons.\nResults: Measured PM log-density increased significantly with higher qualitative profusion group (mild=10.480.98/mm3, moderate=11.460.81/mm3, severe=12.520.86/mm3, p<0.0001). Prevalence of weakly birefringent particles was significantly higher among silicotic-type PMF samples (31.57.9%) compared to either coal-type (21.510.1%, p=0.022) or mixed-type lesions (21.510.5%, p=0.025). \nConclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel quantitative microscopy technique for counting and characterizing in situ lung PM in coal miners with PMF. Quantitative PM burden was comparable to pulmonary pathologists consensus profusion classification, but this method was substantially less time consuming and labor intensive and provided additional information about relevant PM features. The higher prevalence of weakly birefringent particles seen in silicotic-type PMF lesions may help inform mineralogic pathogenesis of RCS. Future efforts will expand the number of PMF cases analyzed, further validate our mineralogic findings using data from SEM/EDX and lung tissue digestate methods, and compare findings in historical versus contemporary coal miners with PMF.","largerWorkTitle":"American Thoracic Society 2022 proceedings","language":"English","publisher":"American Thoracic Society","doi":"10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2489","usgsCitation":"Hua, J.T., Zell-Baran, L.M., Go, L.H., Cool, C.D., Lowers, H.A., Almberg, K.S., Sarver, E.A., Majka, S.M., Pang, K.D., Cohen, R.A., and Rose, C.S., 2022, Demonstration of a novel quantitative microscopy technique for automated characterization of in situ particulate matter in coal miners with progressive massive fibrosis, in American Thoracic Society 2022 proceedings, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2489.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133920","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hua, Jeremy T.","contributorId":292496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hua","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":36955,"text":"National Jewish Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zell-Baran, Lauren M.","contributorId":265756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zell-Baran","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36955,"text":"National Jewish Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Go, L. H.","contributorId":190733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Go","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cool, Carlyne D.","contributorId":265746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cool","given":"Carlyne","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Almberg, K. S.","contributorId":265745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Almberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36403,"text":"University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sarver, Emily A.","contributorId":265758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarver","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Majka, Susan M.","contributorId":292497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Majka","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36955,"text":"National Jewish Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pang, Kathy D.","contributorId":292498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pang","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36955,"text":"National Jewish Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cohen, R. A.","contributorId":290338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18133,"text":"University of Illinois Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rose, Cecil S.","contributorId":265751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Cecil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36955,"text":"National Jewish Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70239285,"text":"70239285 - 2022 - Geoenvironmental model for roll-type uranium deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T12:49:39.192331","indexId":"70239285","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-20T06:46:20","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5207,"text":"Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoenvironmental model for roll-type uranium deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"The transition of sagebrush-dominated (Artemisia spp.) shrublands to pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands markedly alters resource-conserving vegetation structure typical of these landscapes. Land managers and scientists in the western United States need knowledge and predictive tools for assessment and effective targeting of tree-removal treatments to conserve or restore sagebrush vegetation and associated hydrologic function. This study developed modeling approaches to quantify the hydrologic vulnerability and erosion potential of sagebrush rangelands in the later stages of woodland encroachment and in response to commonly applied tree-removal treatments. Using experimental data from multiple sites in the Great Basin Region, USA, and process-based knowledge from decade-long vegetation and rainfall simulation studies at those sites, we (1) assessed the capability of the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) to accurately predict patch-scale (12 m2) measured runoff and erosion from tree canopy and intercanopy hydrologic functional units in untreated and burned woodlands 9 years postfire, and (2) developed and evaluated multiple RHEM approaches/frameworks to model aggregated effects of tree canopy and intercanopy areas on patch- and hillslope-scale (50 m length) runoff and erosion processes in untreated and treated (burned, cut, and masticated) woodlands. The RHEM accurately predicted measured runoff and sediment yield from patch-scale rainfall simulations as partitioned on untreated and treated tree canopy and intercanopy areas and effectively parameterized the dominant controls on runoff and erosion process in woodlands. With few exceptions, evaluated hillslope-scale RHEM frameworks similarly predicted reduced hydrologic vulnerability and erosion potential for conditions 9 years following tree removal by burning, cutting, and mastication treatments. Regressions of RHEM-predicted hillslope runoff, sediment, and hydraulic/erosion parameters with bare ground and ground cover attributes indicate all RHEM frameworks effectively represented the dominant controls on hydrologic and erosion processes for rangelands and woodlands. The results provide RHEM frameworks and recommendations for assessing hydrologic vulnerability and erosion potential on woodland-encroached sites and predicting the effectiveness of tree removal to reestablish a water and soil resource-conserving vegetation structure on sagebrush rangelands. We anticipate our RHEM or similar modeling approaches may be applicable to analogous water-limited landscapes elsewhere subject to woody plant encroachment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4145","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.J., Pierson, F.B., Al-Hamdan, O.Z., Nouwakpo, S.K., Johnson, J.C., Polyakov, V.O., Kormos, P.R., Shaff, S., and Spaeth, K.E., 2022, Assessing runoff and erosion on woodland-encroached sagebrush steppe using the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model: Ecosphere, v. 13, no. 6, e4145, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4145.","productDescription":"e4145, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137960","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4145","text":"External Repository"},{"id":402401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.14427185058592,\n 39.44679856427205\n ],\n [\n -115.10032653808594,\n 39.44679856427205\n ],\n [\n -115.10032653808594,\n 39.47807557129829\n ],\n [\n -115.14427185058592,\n 39.47807557129829\n ],\n [\n -115.14427185058592,\n 39.44679856427205\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.47871398925781,\n 40.20824570152502\n ],\n [\n -112.46429443359375,\n 40.20824570152502\n ],\n [\n -112.46429443359375,\n 40.2203056748532\n ],\n [\n -112.47871398925781,\n 40.2203056748532\n ],\n [\n -112.47871398925781,\n 40.20824570152502\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, C. 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A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T14:40:41.902044","indexId":"70232264","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-18T11:20:42","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1023,"text":"Biological Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community","docAbstract":"Studies of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have proliferated over the last few decades. The biocrust literature has broadened, with more studies assessing and describing the function of a variety of biocrust communities in a broad range of biomes and habitats and across a large spectrum of disciplines, and also by the incorporation of biocrusts into global perspectives and biogeochemical models. As the number of biocrust researchers increases, along with the scope of soil communities defined as ‘biocrust’, it is worth asking whether we all share a clear, universal, and fully articulated definition of what constitutes a biocrust. In this review, we synthesize the literature with the views of new and experienced biocrust researchers, to provide a refined and fully elaborated definition of biocrusts. In doing so, we illustrate the ecological relevance and ecosystem services provided by them. We demonstrate that biocrusts are defined by four distinct elements: physical structure, functional characteristics, habitat, and taxonomic composition. We describe outgroups, which have some, but not all, of the characteristics necessary to be fully consistent with our definition and thus would not be considered biocrusts. We also summarize the wide variety of different types of communities that fall under our definition of biocrusts, in the process of highlighting their global distribution. Finally, we suggest the universal use of the Belnap, Büdel & Lange definition, with minor modifications: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) result from an intimate association between soil particles and differing proportions of photoautotrophic (e.g. cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, bryophytes) and heterotrophic (e.g. bacteria, fungi, archaea) organisms, which live within, or immediately on top of, the uppermost millimetres of soil. Soil particles are aggregated through the presence and activity of these often extremotolerant biota that desiccate regularly, and the resultant living crust covers the surface of the ground as a coherent layer. With this detailed definition of biocrusts, illustrating their ecological functions and widespread distribution, we hope to stimulate interest in biocrust research and inform various stakeholders (e.g. land managers, land users) on their overall importance to ecosystem and Earth system functioning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/brv.12862","usgsCitation":"Weber, B., Belnap, J., Budel, B., Antoninka, A.J., Barger, N.N., Chaudhary, V., Darrouzet-Nardi, A., Eldridge, D.J., Faist, A.M., Ferrenberg, S., Havrilla, C., Huber-Sannwald, E., Issa, O.M., Maestre, F.T., Reed, S., Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Tucker, C.L., Young, K., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhou, X., and Bowker, M.A., 2022, What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community: Biological Reviews, v. 97, no. 5, p. 1768-1785, https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12862.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1768","endPage":"1785","ipdsId":"IP-139133","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12862","text":"External Repository"},{"id":402399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":196800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 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