{"pageNumber":"1671","pageRowStart":"41750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184563,"records":[{"id":70047204,"text":"70047204 - 2012 - Accuracy evaluation of an ASTER-Derived Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Version 1 and Version 2 for two sites in western Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T11:32:08","indexId":"70047204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:13:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1722,"text":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accuracy evaluation of an ASTER-Derived Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Version 1 and Version 2 for two sites in western Africa","docAbstract":"This study compares the ASTER Global DEM version 1 (GDEMv1) and version 2 (GDEMv2) for two study sites with distinct terrain and land cover characteristics in western Africa. The effects of land cover, slope, relief, and stack number are evaluated through both absolute and relative DEM statistical comparisons. While GDEMv2 at times performed better than GDEMv1, this improvement was not consistent, revealing the complex nature and interaction of terrain and land cover characteristics, which influences the accuracy of GDEM tiles on local and regional scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GIScience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.49.6.775","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., Malpeli, K., and Trimble, S.M., 2012, Accuracy evaluation of an ASTER-Derived Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Version 1 and Version 2 for two sites in western Africa: GIScience and Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 6, p. 775-801, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.49.6.775.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"27","ipdsId":"IP-042875","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.49.6.775","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":275438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275436,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.49.6.775"},{"id":275437,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://bellwether.metapress.com/content/p2530n272827681p/fulltext.pdf"}],"country":"Ghana;Mali","city":"Akwatia;K�ni�ba","otherGeospatial":"Akwatia;Ghana;K�ni�ba;Mali","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -11.33,5.88 ], [ -11.33,13.3 ], [ -0.64,13.3 ], [ -0.64,5.88 ], [ -11.33,5.88 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a63e4b0a32220222f61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C.","contributorId":55106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trimble, Sarah M.","contributorId":57748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118547,"text":"70118547 - 2012 - Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T11:13:16","indexId":"70118547","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:09:22","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates","docAbstract":"In the last 25 years there have been significant advancements in the use of well-logging tools to acquire detailed information on the occurrence of gas hydrates in nature: whereas wireline electrical resistivity and acoustic logs were formerly used to identify gas-hydrate occurrences in wells drilled in Arctic permafrost environments, more advanced wireline and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools are now routinely used to examine the petrophysical nature of gas-hydrate reservoirs and the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within various complex reservoir systems. Resistivity- and acoustic-logging tools are the most widely used for estimating the gas-hydrate content (i.e., reservoir saturations) in various sediment types and geologic settings. Recent integrated sediment coring and well-log studies have confirmed that electrical-resistivity and acoustic-velocity data can yield accurate gas-hydrate saturations in sediment grain-supported (isotropic) systems such as sand reservoirs, but more advanced log-analysis models are required to characterize gas hydrate in fractured (anisotropic) reservoir systems. New well-logging tools designed to make directionally oriented acoustic and propagation-resistivity log measurements provide the data needed to analyze the acoustic and electrical anisotropic properties of both highly interbedded and fracture-dominated gas-hydrate reservoirs. Advancements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging and wireline formation testing (WFT) also allow for the characterization of gas hydrate at the pore scale. Integrated NMR and formation testing studies from northern Canada and Alaska have yielded valuable insight into how gas hydrates are physically distributed in sediments and the occurrence and nature of pore fluids(i.e., free water along with clay- and capillary-bound water) in gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs. Information on the distribution of gas hydrate at the pore scale has provided invaluable insight on the mechanisms controlling the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate in nature along with data on gas-hydrate reservoir properties (i.e., porosities and permeabilities) needed to accurately predict gas production rates for various gas-hydrate production schemes.","conferenceTitle":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","conferenceDate":"2012-06-16T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Cartagena, Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., and Lee, M.W., 2012, Well log characterization of natural gas-hydrates, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045861,"text":"70045861 - 2012 - Magnitude Estimates of M7.3-7.8 for the 1811-1812 New Madrid and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston Earthquakes from a Monte Carlo Analysis of Mean MMIs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-22T11:26:03","indexId":"70045861","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Magnitude Estimates of M7.3-7.8 for the 1811-1812 New Madrid and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston Earthquakes from a Monte Carlo Analysis of Mean MMIs","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkTitle":"Eastern Section-SSA 2012 Meeting Report","conferenceTitle":"84th annual meeting of the Eastern Section of the Seismological Society of America","conferenceDate":"2012-10-28T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Blacksburg, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Cramer, C.H., and Boyd, O.S., 2012, Magnitude Estimates of M7.3-7.8 for the 1811-1812 New Madrid and M7.0 for the 1886 Charleston Earthquakes from a Monte Carlo Analysis of Mean MMIs.","ipdsId":"IP-045589","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275207,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://srl.geoscienceworld.org/content/84/1/139.full#sec-42"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee5465e4b00ffbed48f8a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":478450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155348,"text":"70155348 - 2012 - A fine-scale assessment of using barriers to conserve native stream salmonids: a case study in Akokala Creek, Glacier National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-10T09:54:39","indexId":"70155348","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2948,"text":"Open Fish Science Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fine-scale assessment of using barriers to conserve native stream salmonids: a case study in Akokala Creek, Glacier National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biologists are often faced with the difficult decision in managing native salmonids of where and when to install barriers as a conservation action to prevent upstream invasion of nonnative fishes. However, fine-scale approaches to assess long-term persistence of populations within streams and watersheds chosen for isolation management are often lacking. We employed a spatially-explicit approach to evaluate stream habitat conditions, relative abundance, and genetic diversity of native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) within the Akokala Creek watershed in Glacier National Park- a population threatened by introgressive hybridization with nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss) from nearby sources. The systematic survey of 24 stream reaches showed broad overlap in fish population and suitable habitat characteristics among reaches and no natural barriers to fish migration were found. Analysis of population structure using 16 microsatellite loci showed modest amounts of genetic diversity among reaches, and that fish from Long Bow Creek were the only moderately distinct genetic group. We then used this information to assess the potential impacts of three barrier placement scenarios on long-term population persistence and genetic diversity. The two barrier placement scenarios in headwater areas generally failed to meet general persistence criteria for minimum population size (2,500 individuals, Ne = 500), maintenance of long-term genetic diversity (He), and no population subdivision. Conversely, placing a barrier near the stream mouth and selectively passing non-hybridized, migratory spawners entering Akokala Creek met all persistence criteria and may offer the best option to conserve native trout populations and life history diversity. Systematic, fine-scale stream habitat, fish distribution, and genetic assessments in streams chosen for barrier installation are needed in conjunction with broader scale assessments to understand the potential impacts of using barriers for conservation of native salmonid populations threatened by nonnative fish invasions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Hilversum","usgsCitation":"Muhlfeld, C.C., D'Angelo, V., Kalinowski, S., Landguth, E.L., Downs, C., Tohtz, J., and Kershner, J.L., 2012, A fine-scale assessment of using barriers to conserve native stream salmonids: a case study in Akokala Creek, Glacier National Park, USA: Open Fish Science Journal, v. 5, p. 9-20.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029972","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/case-studies/80161559/fine-scale-assessment-using-barriers-conserve-native-stream-salmonids-case-study-akokala-creek-glacier-national-park-usa"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D'Angelo, Vincent S. vdangelo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Angelo","given":"Vincent S.","email":"vdangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalinowski, S.T.","contributorId":145870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[{"id":16274,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Ecology, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landguth, Erin L.","contributorId":69002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landguth","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downs, C.C.","contributorId":145868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Downs","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16272,"text":"National Park Service, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tohtz, J.","contributorId":145869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tohtz","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16273,"text":"Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Kalispell, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042971,"text":"70042971 - 2012 - Shrews, rats, and a polecat in \"the pardoner’s tale\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:45:28.380546","indexId":"70042971","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:56:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Shrews, rats, and a polecat in \"the pardoner’s tale\"","docAbstract":"While historically existing animals and literary animal characters inform allegorical and metaphorical characterization in The Canterbury Tales, figurative usage does not erase recognition of the material animal. \"The Pardoner's Tale,\" for one, challenges the terms of conventional animal metaphors by refocusing attention on common animals as common animals and common human creatures as something worse than vermin. Most attention has been paid to the larger animals-goat, hare, and horse-that constitute the physical portrait of Chaucer's Pardoner in the \"General Prologue\" and in the prologue to his tale.! Like these animals, rats and a polecat, together with rhetorical shrews, appear in this tale as well as in other literature, including bestiaries and natural histories. Equally to \nthe purpose, these animals could be physically observed as constituents of both urban and rural landscapes in fourteenth-century England.2 In the Middle Ages, animals were part of the environment as well as part of the culture: they lived inside as well as outside the city gates, priory walls, and even domestic spaces; a rat in the street or the garden might not be any less welcome or uncommon than encountering someone's horses and goats nibbling vegetation or blocking a passage. Not being out of the ordinary, though, such animals could (and can) be overlooked or dismissed as com­mon, too familiar to register. This chapter reveals why readers and listeners should pay close attention to the things they think they know and what they hear about what they think they know.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rethinking Chaucerian beasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Palgrave Macmillan","usgsCitation":"Feinstein, S., and Woodman, N., 2012, Shrews, rats, and a polecat in \"the pardoner’s tale\", chap. 3 <i>of</i> Rethinking Chaucerian beasts, p. 49-66.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-024548","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276371,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a03fce4b0026c2bc11cb6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Dyke, Carolynn","contributorId":113068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Dyke","given":"Carolynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509185,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Feinstein, Sandy","contributorId":91395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"Sandy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70249537,"text":"70249537 - 2012 - USGS National Wildlife Health Center mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T16:12:43.657873","indexId":"70249537","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:55:47","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National Wildlife Health Center mortality report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Bodenstein, B., 2012, USGS National Wildlife Health Center mortality report: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. January 2012, p. 10-11.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-034562","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"issue":"January 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":189820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199592,"text":"70199592 - 2012 - Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T10:54:25","indexId":"70199592","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:54:18","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5755,"text":"SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evaluation of resources such as tight sands and gas shales requires the formulation of assessment models that are different from those used for the inference of conventional resources. Formulations in present use are based in classical statistics that ignore the partly organized and partly random geographical variation of attributes related to the occurrence of hydrocarbons. This paper is the third in a series of methodological tests aimed at enhancing the assessment of unconventional resources through more-effective use of implicit and explicit information contained in the data, more-accurate evaluation of resources, and more-informative display of results. Reprocessing of estimated-ultimate-recovery (EUR) data at the Woodford gas shale in Oklahoma shows that subdivision of the play into areas as homogeneous as possible can produce results comparable to those obtained using several variables correlated to local productivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/163049-PA","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., Charpentier, R., Cook, T.A., Houseknecht, D.W., and Garrity, C.P., 2012, Geostatistical population-mixture approach to unconventional-resource assessment with an application to the Woodford Gas Shale, Arkoma Basin, eastern Oklahoma: SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, v. 15, no. 5, p. 554-562, https://doi.org/10.2118/163049-PA.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"562","ipdsId":"IP-038213","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Arkoma Basin","volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10bf3de4b034bf6a7f0c7b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745916,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":208099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[{"id":37715,"text":"Ex-USGS, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745917,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald charpentier@usgs.gov","contributorId":150415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald","email":"charpentier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70112478,"text":"70112478 - 2012 - Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T10:57:13","indexId":"70112478","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:48:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems","docAbstract":"<p>A series of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) adsorption experiments on bulk organic rich shales and their isolated kerogens were conducted at 35 °C, 50 °C and 65 °C and CH<sub>4</sub> pressure of up to 15 MPa under dry conditions. Samples from the Eocene Green River Formation, Devonian–Mississippian Woodford Shale and Upper Cretaceous Cameo coal were studied to examine how differences in organic matter type affect natural gas adsorption. Vitrinite reflectance values of these samples ranged from 0.56–0.58 %R<sub>o</sub>. In addition, thermal maturity effects were determined on three Mississippian Barnett Shale samples with measured vitrinite reflectance values of 0.58, 0.81 and 2.01 %R<sub>o</sub>.</p>\n<br>\n<p>For all bulk and isolated kerogen samples, the total amount of methane adsorbed was directly proportional to the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sample and the average maximum amount of gas sorption was 1.36 mmol of methane per gram of TOC. These results indicate that sorption on organic matter plays a critical role in shale-gas storage. Under the experimental conditions, differences in thermal maturity showed no significant effect on the total amount of gas sorbed. Experimental sorption isotherms could be fitted with good accuracy by the Langmuir function by adjusting the Langmuir pressure (P<sub>L</sub>) and maximum sorption capacity (Γ<sub>max</sub>). The lowest maturity sample (%R<sub>o</sub> = 0.56) displayed a Langmuir pressure (P<sub>L</sub>) of 5.15 MPa, significantly larger than the 2.33 MPa observed for the highest maturity (%R<sub>o</sub> > 2.01) sample at 50 °C.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The value of the Langmuir pressure (P<sub>L</sub>) changes with kerogen type in the following sequence: type I > type II > type III. The thermodynamic parameters of CH<sub>4</sub> adsorption on organic rich shales were determined based on the experimental CH<sub>4</sub> isotherms. For the adsorption of CH4 on organic rich shales and their isolated kerogen, the heat of adsorption (q) and the standard entropy (Δs<sup>0</sup>) range from 7.3–28.0 kJ/mol and from −36.2 to −92.2 J/mol/K, respectively.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.03.012","usgsCitation":"Zhang, T., Ellis, G.S., Ruppel, S.C., Milliken, K., and Yang, R., 2012, Effect of organic-matter type and thermal maturity on methane adsorption in shale-gas systems: Organic Geochemistry, v. 47, p. 120-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.03.012.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-032021","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288622,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2012.03.012"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7695e4b0abf75cf2bfb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Tongwei","contributorId":107595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tongwei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, Stephen C.","contributorId":20656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milliken, Kitty","contributorId":44078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"Kitty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yang, Rongsheng","contributorId":94976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Rongsheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70136307,"text":"70136307 - 2012 - A circumpolar monitoring framework for polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T21:26:48","indexId":"70136307","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3671,"text":"Ursus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A circumpolar monitoring framework for polar bears","docAbstract":"<p>Polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) occupy remote regions that are characterized by harsh weather and limited access. Polar bear populations can only persist where temporal and spatial availability of sea ice provides adequate access to their marine mammal prey. Observed declines in sea ice availability will continue as long as greenhouse gas concentrations rise. At the same time, human intrusion and pollution levels in the Arctic are expected to increase. A circumpolar understanding of the cumulative impacts of current and future stressors is lacking, long-term trends are known from only a few subpopulations, and there is no globally coordinated effort to monitor effects of stressors. Here, we describe a framework for an integrated circumpolar monitoring plan to detect ongoing patterns, predict future trends, and identify the most vulnerable polar bear subpopulations. We recommend strategies for monitoring subpopulation abundance and trends, reproduction, survival, ecosystem change, human-caused mortality, human&ndash;bear conflict, prey availability, health, stature, distribution, behavioral change, and the effects that monitoring itself may have on polar bears. We assign monitoring intensity for each subpopulation through adaptive assessment of the quality of existing baseline data and research accessibility. A global perspective is achieved by recommending high intensity monitoring for at least one subpopulation in each of four major polar bear ecoregions. Collection of data on harvest, where it occurs, and remote sensing of habitat, should occur with the same intensity for all subpopulations. We outline how local traditional knowledge may most effectively be combined with the best scientific methods to provide comparable and complementary lines of evidence. We also outline how previously collected intensive monitoring data may be sub-sampled to guide future sampling frequencies and develop indirect estimates or indices of subpopulation status. Adoption of this framework will inform management and policy responses to changing worldwide polar bear status and trends.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Bear Research and Management","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00026.1","usgsCitation":"Vongraven, D., Aars, J., Amstrup, S.C., Atkinson, S.N., Belikov, S., Born, E.W., DeBruyn, T., Derocher, A.E., Durner, G.M., Gill, M.J., Lunn, N., Obbard, M.E., Omelak, J., Ovsyanikov, N., Peacock, E.L., Richardson, E., Sahanatien, V., Stirling, I., and Wiig, Ø., 2012, A circumpolar monitoring framework for polar bears: Ursus, v. 23, no. 2, p. 1-66, https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00026.1.","productDescription":"66 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032810","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b16e4b08de9379b3233","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vongraven, Dag","contributorId":131092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vongraven","given":"Dag","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen N.","contributorId":12365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeBruyn, T.D.","contributorId":73382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gill, Michael J.","contributorId":131121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Obbard, Martyn E.","contributorId":108002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obbard","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Omelak, Jack","contributorId":131122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Omelak","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ovsyanikov, Nikita","contributorId":131123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ovsyanikov","given":"Nikita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth L. 0000-0001-7279-0329 lpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-0329","contributorId":3361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"lpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Richardson, E.E.","contributorId":61099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Sahanatien, Vicki","contributorId":131124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahanatien","given":"Vicki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70118269,"text":"70118269 - 2012 - Spatiotemporal analysis of black spruce forest soils and implications for the fate of C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T16:41:18","indexId":"70118269","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:43:57","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of black spruce forest soils and implications for the fate of C","docAbstract":"<p><span>Post-fire storage of carbon (C) in organic-soil horizons was measured in one Canadian and three Alaskan chronosequences in black spruce forests, together spanning stand ages of nearly 200 yrs. We used a simple mass balance model to derive estimates of inputs, losses, and accumulation rates of C on timescales of years to centuries. The model performed well for the surface and total organic soil layers and presented questions for resolving the dynamics of deeper organic soils. C accumulation in all study areas is on the order of 20–40 gC/m</span><sup>2</sup><sub>/</sub><span>yr for stand ages up to ∼200 yrs. Much larger fluxes, both positive and negative, are detected using incremental changes in soil C stocks and by other studies using eddy covariance methods for CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. This difference suggests that over the course of stand replacement, about 80% of all net primary production (NPP) is returned to the atmosphere within a fire cycle, while about 20% of NPP enters the organic soil layers and becomes available for stabilization or loss via decomposition, leaching, or combustion. Shifts toward more frequent and more severe burning and degradation of deep organic horizons would likely result in an acceleration of the carbon cycle, with greater CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>emissions from these systems overall.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001826","usgsCitation":"Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., O'Donnell, J., Johnson, K., Frolking, S., and Fan, Z., 2012, Spatiotemporal analysis of black spruce forest soils and implications for the fate of C: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 117, no. 1, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001826.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-027455","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholars.unh.edu/earthsci_facpub/276","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291125,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001826"}],"volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Donnell, Jonathan","contributorId":17924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Kristofer","contributorId":98237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kristofer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frolking, Steve","contributorId":7638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frolking","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fan, Zhaosheng","contributorId":83410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Zhaosheng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70118543,"text":"70118543 - 2012 - The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:47:33","indexId":"70118543","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:41:02","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine","docAbstract":"<p>Ore formation at the Spar Lake red bed-associated strata-bound Cu deposit took place across a mixing and reaction zone between a hot oxidized metals-transporting brine and a reservoir of “sour” (H<sub>2</sub>S-bearing) natural gas trapped in the host sandstones. Fluid inclusion volatile analyses have very high CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations (≥1 mol % in most samples), and a sample from the fringe of the deposit has between 18 and 36 mol % CH<sub>4</sub>. The ratio of CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> in fluid inclusions appears to vary regularly across the deposit, with the lowest CH<sub>4</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> ratios from high-grade chalcocite-bearing ore, and the highest from the chalcopyrite-bearing fringe. The helium R/R<sub>a</sub> isotope ratios (0.23–0.98) and concentrations define a mixture between crustal and atmospheric helium. The volatiles in fluid inclusions (CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and other organic gases) and values of <i>f</i><sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> and temperature calculated from the volatiles data all show gradations across the deposit that are completely consistent with such a mixing and reaction zone. Other volatiles from the fluid inclusions (HCl, HF, <sup>3</sup>He, Msup>4</sup>He, N<sub>2</sub>, Ar) characterize the brine and give evidence for only shallow crustal fluids with no magmatic influences. The brine entered the gas reservoir from below and along the axis of the deposit and migrated out along bedding to the southwest, northeast, and northwest. Metals-transporting brines may have been fed into the host sandstones from the East Fault, but that remains uncertain.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Abundant ore-stage Fe and Mn calcite cements from the reduced fringe have δ<sup>13</sup>C values as low as −18.4‰, and many values less than −10‰, which indicate that significant carbonate was generated by oxidation of organic carbon from the natural gas. The zone of calcite cements with very low δ<sup>13</sup>C values approximately envelopes chalcocite-bearing ore.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Sulfur isotope data of Cu, Pb, and Fe sulfides and barite indicate derivation of roughly half of the orebody sulfide directly from sour gas H<sub>2</sub>S. That sour gas H<sub>2</sub>S had developed in steps known from other sedimentary basins, starting with (1) bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of seawater sulfate having δ<sup>34</sup>S of about 20‰ and sequestering of the sulfide in organic matter in source rocks stratigraphically below the deposit host rocks, followed by (2) maturation of the sulfide-bearing organic matter into liquid petroleum with relatively homogeneous sulfide having δ<sup>34</sup>S of 5 ± 5‰, then by (3) thermal cracking of the oil to CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S with relatively homogeneous sulfide having δ<sup>34</sup>S closely distributed, about 6‰. The CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S migrated and were trapped in sandstones of the upper member of the Revett Formation, where they were later met by the 200°C metals-transporting brine. There was additional contribution of sulfide to ore from later thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) operating on sulfate δ<sup>34</sup>S of 20 to 29‰ in both formation waters and metals-transporting solutions. A large range of δ<sup>34</sup>S in sulfides resulted as the 6‰ sour gas sulfide was supplemented with varying proportions of 20 to 29‰ sulfide from TSR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1223","usgsCitation":"Hayes, T.S., Landis, G.P., Whelan, J.F., Rye, R.O., and Moscati, R.J., 2012, The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 6, p. 1223-1249, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1223.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1249","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291271,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.6.1223"}],"volume":"107","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Timothy S. thayes@usgs.gov","contributorId":1547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Timothy","email":"thayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landis, Gary P.","contributorId":72405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":29792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70118267,"text":"70118267 - 2012 - The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T16:39:27","indexId":"70118267","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:38:23","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland","docAbstract":"Recent warming at high-latitudes has accelerated permafrost thaw in northern peatlands, and thaw can have profound effects on local hydrology and ecosystem carbon balance. To assess the impact of permafrost thaw on soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics, we measured soil hydrologic and thermal dynamics and soil OC stocks across a collapse-scar bog chronosequence in interior Alaska. We observed dramatic changes in the distribution of soil water associated with thawing of ice-rich frozen peat. The impoundment of warm water in collapse-scar bogs initiated talik formation and the lateral expansion of bogs over time. On average, Permafrost Plateaus stored 137 ± 37 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>, whereas OC storage in Young Bogs and Old Bogs averaged 84 ± 13 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>. Based on our reconstructions, the accumulation of OC in near-surface bog peat continued for nearly 1,000 years following permafrost thaw, at which point accumulation rates slowed. Rapid decomposition of thawed forest peat reduced deep OC stocks by nearly half during the first 100 years following thaw. Using a simple mass-balance model, we show that accumulation rates at the bog surface were not sufficient to balance deep OC losses, resulting in a net loss of OC from the entire peat column. An uncertainty analysis also revealed that the magnitude and timing of soil OC loss from thawed forest peat depends substantially on variation in OC input rates to bog peat and variation in decay constants for shallow and deep OC stocks. These findings suggest that permafrost thaw and the subsequent release of OC from thawed peat will likely reduce the strength of northern permafrost-affected peatlands as a carbon dioxide sink, and consequently, will likely accelerate rates of atmospheric warming.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Jorgenson, M., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A., Kanevskiy, M.Z., and Wickland, K.P., 2012, The effects of permafrost thaw on soil hydrologic, thermal, and carbon dynamics in an Alaskan peatland: Ecosystems, v. 15, no. 2, p. 213-229, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-027728","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291122,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9504-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":140457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[{"id":13506,"text":"Alaska Ecoscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.","contributorId":199153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70046998,"text":"70046998 - 2012 - Selecting sagebrush seed sources for restoration in a variable climate: ecophysiological variation among genotypes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T10:48:05","indexId":"70046998","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:35:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Selecting sagebrush seed sources for restoration in a variable climate: ecophysiological variation among genotypes","docAbstract":"Big sagebrush (<i>Artemisia tridentata</i>) communities dominate a large fraction of the United States and provide critical habitat for a number of wildlife species of concern. Loss of big sagebrush due to fire followed by poor restoration success continues to reduce ecological potential of this ecosystem type, particularly in the Great Basin. Choice of appropriate seed sources for restoration efforts is currently unguided due to knowledge gaps on genetic variation and local adaptation as they relate to a changing landscape. We are assessing ecophysiological responses of big sagebrush to climate variation, comparing plants that germinated from ~20 geographically distinct populations of each of the three subspecies of big sagebrush. Seedlings were previously planted into common gardens by US Forest Service collaborators Drs. B. Richardson and N. Shaw, (USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, Provo, Utah and Boise, Idaho) as part of the Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project. Seed sources spanned all states in the conterminous Western United States. Germination, establishment, growth and ecophysiological responses are being linked to genomics and foliar palatability. New information is being produced to aid choice of appropriate seed sources by Bureau of Land Management and USFS field offices when they are planning seed acquisitions for emergency post-fire rehabilitation projects while considering climate variability and wildlife needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project 2011 Progress Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and USDA Bureau of Land Management","publisherLocation":"Boise, ID","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., 2012, Selecting sagebrush seed sources for restoration in a variable climate: ecophysiological variation among genotypes, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-044559","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274908,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2012_shaw_n001.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e065e4b0cecbe8fa98af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70125665,"text":"70125665 - 2012 - Ecological consequences of manipulative parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T15:33:29.715983","indexId":"70125665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:32:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Ecological consequences of manipulative parasites","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter considers the context in which manipulative parasites could have noticeable ecological effects. By this, we mean that a manipulation of a host that benefits a parasite can also indirectly affect other non-hosts in the system, sometimes in dramatic fashion. Such ecosystem-level changes could occur for manipulative parasites that have a strong effect on their host, a high rate of infection, and infect hosts that play important roles in the ecosystem. With a series of examples from the literature, the chapter describes how manipulative parasites can sometimes have strong indirect ecological effects. Still, little is known about how often these effects occur in nature.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Host manipulation by parasites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642236.003.0009","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Kuris, A., and Loreau, M., 2012, Ecological consequences of manipulative parasites, chap. 9 <i>of</i> Host manipulation by parasites, p. 158-171, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199642236.003.0009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"171","ipdsId":"IP-026903","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e694ce4b092f17df5a7ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":101203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loreau, Michel","contributorId":17464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loreau","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48706,"text":"Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (UMR 5371), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Moulis, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":860635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039656,"text":"70039656 - 2012 - On modeling weak sinks in MODPATH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-30T10:35:22","indexId":"70039656","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:31:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On modeling weak sinks in MODPATH","docAbstract":"Regional groundwater flow systems often contain both strong sinks and weak sinks. A strong sink extracts water from the entire aquifer depth, while a weak sink lets some water pass underneath or over the actual sink. The numerical groundwater flow model MODFLOW may allow a sink cell to act as a strong or weak sink, hence extracting all water that enters the cell or allowing some of that water to pass. A physical strong sink can be modeled by either a strong sink cell or a weak sink cell, with the latter generally occurring in low resolution models. Likewise, a physical weak sink may also be represented by either type of sink cell. The representation of weak sinks in the particle tracing code MODPATH is more equivocal than in MODFLOW. With the appropriate parameterization of MODPATH, particle traces and their associated travel times to weak sink streams can be modeled with adequate accuracy, even in single layer models. Weak sink well cells, on the other hand, require special measures as proposed in the literature to generate correct particle traces and individual travel times and hence capture zones. We found that the transit time distributions for well water generally do not require special measures provided aquifer properties are locally homogeneous and the well draws water from the entire aquifer depth, an important observation for determining the response of a well to non-point contaminant inputs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x","usgsCitation":"Abrams, D.B., Haitjema, H., and Kauffman, L.J., 2012, On modeling weak sinks in MODPATH: Ground Water, v. 51, no. 4, p. 597-602, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-038474","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275561,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00995.x"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f8e063e4b0cecbe8fa9894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrams, Daniel B.","contributorId":45985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haitjema, Henk","contributorId":27769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitjema","given":"Henk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70118263,"text":"70118263 - 2012 - Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T10:30:43","indexId":"70118263","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:29:04","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Boreal wetlands are characterized by a mosaic of plant communities, including forests, shrublands, grasslands, and fens, which are structured largely by changes in topography and water table position. The soil associated with these plant communities contain quantitatively and qualitatively different forms of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrient availability that drive changes in biogeochemical cycling rates. Therefore different boreal plant communities likely contain different soil biotic communities which in turn affect rates of organic matter decomposition. We examined relationships between plant communities, microbial communities, enchytraeids, and soil C turnover in near-surface soils along a shallow topographic soil moisture and vegetation gradient in interior Alaska. We tested the hypothesis that as soil moisture increases along the gradient, surface soils would become increasingly dominated by bacteria and mesofauna and have more rapid rates of C turnover. We utilized bomb radiocarbon techniques to infer rates of C turnover and the 13C isotopic composition of SOM and respired CO<sub>2</sub> to infer the degree of soil humification. Soil phenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities were generally higher in the rich fen compared with the forest and bog birch sites. Results indicated greater C fluxes and more rapid C turnover in the surface soils of the fen sites compared to the wetland forest and shrub sites. Quantitative PCR analyses of soil bacteria and archaea, combined with enchytraeid counts, indicated that surface soils from the lowland fen ecosystems had higher abundances of these microbial and mesofaunal groups. Fungal abundance was highly variable and not significantly different among sites. Microbial data was utilized in a food web model that confirmed that rapidly cycling systems are dominated by bacterial activity and enchytraeid grazing. However, our results also suggest that oxidative enzymes play an important role in the C mineralization process in saturated systems, which has been often ignored.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Soil Sciences","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., Harden, J.W., Turetsky, M., Petersen, D., McGuire, A., Briones, M., Churchill, A., Doctor, D., and Pruett, L., 2012, Bacterial and enchytraeid abundance accelerate soil carbon turnover along a lowland vegetation gradient in interior Alaska: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 50, p. 188-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291116,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.02.032"}],"volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f556e4b0bc0bec0a15bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, D.G.","contributorId":31687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Briones, M.J.I.","contributorId":27370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briones","given":"M.J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Churchill, A.C.","contributorId":85100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churchill","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Doctor, D.H.","contributorId":94773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pruett, L.E.","contributorId":86982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pruett","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70038199,"text":"70038199 - 2012 - Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T18:56:01.036463","indexId":"70038199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3619,"text":"Transactions of the ASABE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation","docAbstract":"The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) has been used widely for simulating agricultural management effects on crop production and soil and water quality. Although it is a one-dimensional model, it has many desirable features for the modeling community. This article outlines the principles of calibrating the model component by component with one or more datasets and validating the model with independent datasets. Users should consult the RZWQM2 user manual distributed along with the model and a more detailed protocol on how to calibrate RZWQM2 provided in a book chapter. Two case studies (or examples) are included in this article. One is from an irrigated maize study in Colorado to illustrate the use of field and laboratory measured soil hydraulic properties on simulated soil water and crop production. It also demonstrates the interaction between soil and plant parameters in simulated plant responses to water stresses. The other is from a maize-soybean rotation study in Iowa to show a manual calibration of the model for crop yield, soil water, and N leaching in tile-drained soils. Although the commonly used trial-and-error calibration method works well for experienced users, as shown in the second example, an automated calibration procedure is more objective, as shown in the first example. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Parameter Estimation Software (PEST) into RZWQM2 made the calibration of the model more efficient than a grid (ordered) search of model parameters. In addition, PEST provides sensitivity and uncertainty analyses that should help users in selecting the right parameters to calibrate.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.42252","usgsCitation":"Ma, L., Ahuja, L., Nolan, B.T., Malone, R., Trout, T., and Qi, Z., 2012, Root zone water quality model (RZWQM2): Model use, calibration and validation: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 55, no. 4, p. 1425-1446, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.42252.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1446","ipdsId":"IP-037029","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5200c969e4b009d47a4c23de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":6751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":463644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahuja, Lajpat","contributorId":100275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Lajpat","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malone, Robert","contributorId":28888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trout, Thomas","contributorId":95785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trout","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Qi, Z.","contributorId":99870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70135113,"text":"70135113 - 2012 - Predation rates, timing, and predator composition for Scoters (<i>Melanitta</i> spp.) in marine habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-13T17:40:04","indexId":"70135113","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation rates, timing, and predator composition for Scoters (<i>Melanitta</i> spp.) in marine habitats","docAbstract":"<p>Studies of declining populations of sea ducks have focused mainly on bottom-up processes with little emphasis on the role of predation. We identified 11 potential predators of White-winged Scoters (<i>Melanitta fusca</i> (L., 1758)) and Surf Scoters (<i>Melanitta perspicillata</i> (L., 1758)) in North American marine habitats. However, of 596 Scoters marked with VHF transmitters along the Pacific coast, mortalities were recovered in association with just two identifiable categories of predators: in southeast Alaska recoveries occurred mainly near mustelid feeding areas, while those in southern British Columbia and Washington occurred mainly near feeding areas of Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i> (L., 1766)). Determining whether marked Scoters had been depredated versus scavenged was often not possible, but mortalities occurred more frequently during winter than during wing molt (13.1% versus 0.7% of both species combined, excluding Scoters that died within a postrelease adjustment period). In two sites heavily used by Scoters, diurnal observations revealed no predation attempts and low rates of predator disturbances that altered Scoter behavior (&le; 0.22/h). These and other results suggest that predation by Bald Eagles occurs mainly at sites and times where densities of Scoters are low, while most predation by mustelids probably occurs when Scoters are energetically compromised.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/z11-110","usgsCitation":"Anderson, E., Esler, D., Sean, B.W., Evenson, J., Nysewander, D.R., Ward, D.H., Dickson, R., Uher-Koch, B.D., Vanstratt, C., and Hupp, J.W., 2012, Predation rates, timing, and predator composition for Scoters (<i>Melanitta</i> spp.) in marine habitats: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 42-50, https://doi.org/10.1139/z11-110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"42","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033103","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5576bcb0e4b032353cb54ee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Eric J.","contributorId":89434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sean, Boyd W.","contributorId":19791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sean","given":"Boyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evenson, Joseph","contributorId":19809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nysewander, David R.","contributorId":23036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nysewander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dickson, Rian D.","contributorId":96983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"Rian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vanstratt, C.S.","contributorId":54423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanstratt","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70123981,"text":"70123981 - 2012 - California spotted owls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-02T15:24:12.077585","indexId":"70123981","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:12:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PSW-GTR-237","chapter":"5","title":"California spotted owls","docAbstract":"<p>California spotted owls (<i>Strix occidentalis occidentalis</i>) are habitat specialists that are strongly associated with late-successional forests. For nesting and roosting, they require large trees and snags embedded in a stand with a complex forest structure (Blakesley et al. 2005, Gutiérrez et al. 1992, Verner et al. 1992b). In mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California spotted owls typically nest and roost in stands with high canopy closure (≥75 percent) [Note: when citing studies, we use terminology consistent with Jennings et al. (1999), however, not all studies properly distinguish between canopy cover and closure and often use the terms interchangeably (see chapter 14 for clarification)] and an abundance of large trees (&gt;24 in (60 cm) diameter at breast height [d.b.h.]) (Bias and Gutiérrez 1992, Gutiérrez et al. 1992, LaHaye et al. 1997, Moen and Gutiérrez 1997, Verner et al. 1992a). The California spotted owl guidelines (Verner et al. 1992b) effectively summarized much of the information about nesting and roosting habitat. Since that report, research on the California spotted owl has continued with much of the new information concentrated in five areas: population trends, barred owl (<i>Strix varia</i>) invasion, climate effects, foraging habitat, and owl response to fire.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing Sierra Nevada forests (General Technical Report PSW-GTR-237)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","usgsCitation":"Roberts, S.C., and North, M., 2012, California spotted owls: General Technical Report PSW-GTR-237, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-033307","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr237/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.82583375249877,\n              35.61850082126833\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.71597047124882,\n              35.17969024426132\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.07876343999877,\n              35.23355038137707\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79311890874878,\n              35.672068422928234\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10073609624868,\n              36.68300173947061\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.24355836187367,\n              37.26229346656682\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.51821656499851,\n              37.5415720536579\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.95766968999862,\n              37.68082068141646\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.08950562749882,\n              38.166134222228806\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.47402711187362,\n              38.59673813914725\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.01235718999854,\n              38.930827139108516\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.36391968999862,\n              39.788742438276444\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.83633179937378,\n              40.4942100617524\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.2977575806238,\n              40.943850758218474\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73721070562357,\n              40.894040710758446\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.04482789312381,\n              40.318530151746245\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.66030640874868,\n              39.6958178163633\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13296265874855,\n              38.922280302798924\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89126343999874,\n              38.39897871204778\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.53970093999867,\n              38.06240820268246\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19912476812371,\n              37.489286625079586\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.62783570562375,\n              36.9995256901141\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.08950562749882,\n              36.338624957583036\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.82583375249877,\n              35.61850082126833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ea5e4b0e641df8a6eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Suzanne C. scrobert@usgs.gov","contributorId":733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Suzanne","email":"scrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":500508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"North, M.","contributorId":300530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"North","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048116,"text":"70048116 - 2012 - Soil-occupancy effects of invasive and native grassland plant species on composition and diversity of mycorrhizal associations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:30:45","indexId":"70048116","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:10:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil-occupancy effects of invasive and native grassland plant species on composition and diversity of mycorrhizal associations","docAbstract":"Diversified grasslands that contain native plant species can produce biofuels, support sustainable grazing systems, and produce other ecosystem services. However, ecosystem service production can be disrupted by invasion of exotic perennial plants, and these plants can have soil-microbial “legacies” that may interfere with establishment and maintenance of diversified grasslands even after effective management of the invasive species. The nature of such legacies is not well understood, but may involve suppression of mutualisms between native species and soil microbes. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that legacy effects of invasive species change colonization rates, diversity, and composition of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with seedlings of co-occurring invasive and native grassland species. In a glasshouse, experimental soils were conditioned by cultivating three invasive grassland perennials, three native grassland perennials, and a native perennial mixture. Each was grown separately through three cycles of growth, after which we used T-RFLP analysis to characterize AMF associations of seedlings of six native perennial and six invasive perennial species grown in these soils. Legacy effects of soil conditioning by invasive species did not affect AMF richness in seedling roots, but did affect AMF colonization rates and the taxonomic composition of mycorrhizal associations in seedling roots. Moreover, native species were more heavily colonized by AMF and roots of native species had greater AMF richness (number of AMF operational taxonomic units per seedling) than did invasive species. The invasive species used to condition soil in this experiment have been shown to have legacy effects on biomass of native seedlings, reducing their growth in this and a previous similar experiment. Therefore, our results suggest that successful plant invaders can have legacies that affect soil-microbial associations of native plants and that these effects can inhibit growth of native plant species in invaded communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00014.1","usgsCitation":"Jordan, N.R., Aldrich-Wolfe, L., Huerd, S.C., Larson, D.L., and Muehlbauer, G., 2012, Soil-occupancy effects of invasive and native grassland plant species on composition and diversity of mycorrhizal associations: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 5, no. 4, p. 494-505, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00014.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"494","endPage":"505","ipdsId":"IP-035914","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277541,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00014.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge;Medicine Lake National Wildlife Refuge;Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.61,46.89 ], [ -104.61,48.74 ], [ -102.23,48.74 ], [ -102.23,46.89 ], [ -104.61,46.89 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523433f1e4b0b9e9b3336dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Nicholas R.","contributorId":39629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldrich-Wolfe, Laura","contributorId":49263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich-Wolfe","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huerd, Sheri C.","contributorId":56901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huerd","given":"Sheri","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muehlbauer, Gary","contributorId":55323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlbauer","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70121428,"text":"70121428 - 2012 - Range overlap and individual movements during breeding season influence genetic relationships of caribou herds in south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:14:23","indexId":"70121428","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range overlap and individual movements during breeding season influence genetic relationships of caribou herds in south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>North American caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) herds commonly exhibit little nuclear genetic differentiation among adjacent herds, although available evidence supports strong demographic separation, even for herds with seasonal range overlap. During 1997–2003, we studied the Mentasta and Nelchina caribou herds in south-central Alaska using radiotelemetry to determine individual movements and range overlap during the breeding season, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers to assess levels of genetic differentiation. Although the herds were considered discrete because females calved in separate regions, individual movements and breeding-range overlap in some years provided opportunity for male-mediated gene flow, even without demographic interchange. Telemetry results revealed strong female philopatry, and little evidence of female emigration despite overlapping seasonal distributions. Analyses of 13 microsatellites indicated the Mentasta and Nelchina herds were not significantly differentiated using both traditional population-based analyses and individual-based Bayesian clustering analyses. However, we observed mtDNA differentiation between the 2 herds (F<sub>STM</sub> = 0.041, P < 0.001). Although the Mentasta and Nelchina herds exhibit distinct population dynamics and physical characteristics, they demonstrate evidence of gene flow and thus function as a genetic metapopulation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-275.1","usgsCitation":"Roffler, G.H., Adams, L., Talbot, S.L., Sage, G.K., and Dale, B.W., 2012, Range overlap and individual movements during breeding season influence genetic relationships of caribou herds in south-central Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 93, no. 5, p. 1318-1330, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-275.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1318","endPage":"1330","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-022646","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-275.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292807,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-275.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.0,61.0 ], [ -150.0,64.0 ], [ -140.0,64.0 ], [ -140.0,61.0 ], [ -150.0,61.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f85981e4b03f038c5c18ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roffler, Gretchen H. groffler@usgs.gov","contributorId":1946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffler","given":"Gretchen","email":"groffler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048202,"text":"70048202 - 2012 - Erratum to <i>Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering</i> and to <i>Surface wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:32:00","indexId":"70048202","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erratum to <i>Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering</i> and to <i>Surface wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor</i>","docAbstract":"Hill (2008) and Hill (2010) contain two technical errors: (1) a missing factor of 2 for computed Love‐wave amplitudes, and (2) a sign error in the off‐diagonal elements in the Euler rotation matrix.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120084","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 2012, Erratum to <i>Dynamic stresses, Coulomb failure, and remote triggering</i> and to <i>Surface wave potential for triggering tectonic (nonvolcanic) tremor</i>: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, no. 6, p. 2795-2795, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120084.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"2795","endPage":"2795","numberOfPages":"1","ipdsId":"IP-038524","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277603,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120084"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523979eee4b04b9308ae4efb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70101422,"text":"70101422 - 2012 - Diversity of nitrogen isotopes and protein status in caribou: implications for monitoring northern ungulates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T10:09:53","indexId":"70101422","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversity of nitrogen isotopes and protein status in caribou: implications for monitoring northern ungulates","docAbstract":"Nutritional condition is an important determinant of productivity and survival in caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We used samples of excreta (n  =  1,150) to estimate diet composition from microhistology and 2 isotopic proxies of protein status for 2 ecotypes of caribou in 4 herds in late winter (2006–2008). Isotopes of nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N in parts per thousand [‰]) from excreta samples (urea, diet, and body N) were used to estimate indexes of protein status: the proportion of urea N derived from body N (p-UN) and the difference between the δ15N of the body and urinary urea (Δbody-urea). We examined dietary and terrain characteristics, δ<sup>15</sup>N, p-UN, and Δ<sub>body-urea</sub> by ecotype, herd, year, and foraging site. Multiple regression and an information-theoretic approach were used to evaluate correlates of protein status at each foraging site. The dietary and terrain characteristics of foraging sites did not vary by ecotype or herd (P > 0.108); diets were dominated by lichens (68% ± 14.1% SD). The δ<sup>15</sup>N of urea, diet, body N, p-UN, and Δ<sub>body-urea</sub> varied among foraging sites within each herd (P < 0.001). Although highly variable, the δ<sup>15</sup>N of urinary urea was typically low (−4.68‰ ± 2.67‰ SD). Dietary N also had low δ<sup>15</sup>N (−4.18‰ ± 0.92‰ SD), whereas body N was generally heavier in <sup>15</sup>N (2.20‰ ± 1.56‰ SD) than urinary urea or the diet. Both measures of protein status were similarly diverse between ecotypes and among herds, which limited their applicability to monitor protein status at the population level. Although we observed limitations to interpreting estimates of p-UN from highly vagile ungulates, the Δbody-urea may prove to be a useful index of protein status at smaller spatial and temporal scales. Indeed, a portion of the observed variance (r<sup>2</sup>  =  0.26) in Δbody-urea at each foraging site was explained by the proportion of shrubs in the winter diet. There remains potential in using δ<sup>15</sup>N in excreta as a noninvasive tool for evaluating protein status in northern ungulates; however, considerable analytical and sampling challenges remain for applying these isotopic approaches at large scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-A-164.1","usgsCitation":"Gustine, D.D., Barboza, P.S., Lawler, J.P., Adams, L., Parker, K.L., Arthur, S.M., and Shults, B.S., 2012, Diversity of nitrogen isotopes and protein status in caribou: implications for monitoring northern ungulates: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 93, no. 3, p. 778-790, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-164.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-025782","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-a-164.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286223,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-A-164.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.0,60.0 ], [ -160.0,70.0 ], [ -140.0,70.0 ], [ -140.0,60.0 ], [ -160.0,60.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559400e4b0120853e8bf42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustine, David D. dgustine@usgs.gov","contributorId":3776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustine","given":"David","email":"dgustine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barboza, Perry S.","contributorId":36454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barboza","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawler, James P.","contributorId":73107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parker, Kathy L.","contributorId":88263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arthur, Steve M.","contributorId":66169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70110900,"text":"70110900 - 2012 - The current state of modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-03T10:01:05","indexId":"70110900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:59:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The current state of modeling","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00936.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Zheng, C., 2012, The current state of modeling: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 3, p. 329-333, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00936.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-035877","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287974,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00936.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538eee9ee4b0d497d496854c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Chunmiao","contributorId":49233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Chunmiao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046096,"text":"70046096 - 2012 - The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:14:35.840593","indexId":"70046096","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:54:29","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"23","title":"The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050","docAbstract":"This chapter explores four water resources issues: 1) hydrologic variability, hazards, water supply and ecosystem preservation; 2) urban landscape design; 3) non-point source water quality, and 4) climate change, resiliency, and nonstationarity.  It also considers what science, technology, and engineering practice may be needed in the coming decades to sustain water supplies and ecosystems in the face of increasing stresses from a growing demand for water.  Dealing with these four water resource issues in the highly uncertain future would will demand predictive models that are rooted in real-world data.  In a non-stationary world, continuity of observations is crucial.  All watersheds are influenced by human actions through changes in land use, water use, and climate.  The focus of water planning and management between today and 2050 will depend more than ever on collection and analysis of long-term data to learn about the evolving state of the system, understanding ecosystem processes in the water and on the landscape, and finding innovative ways to manage water as a shared resource.  This includes sharing water with our neighbors on the landscape, sharing with the other species that depend on water, and sharing with future generations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toward a sustainable water future: Visions for 2050","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784412077.ch23","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 2012, The science, information, and engineering needed to manage water availability and quality in 2050, chap. 23 <i>of</i> Toward a sustainable water future: Visions for 2050, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412077.ch23.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-017761","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136e3ae4b0b08f4461993d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}