{"pageNumber":"1674","pageRowStart":"41825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70185347,"text":"70185347 - 1994 - The adaptive significance of hatching synchrony of waterfowl eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T16:40:37","indexId":"70185347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The adaptive significance of hatching synchrony of waterfowl eggs","docAbstract":"<div>We estimated the amount of incubation time that first laid Black Brent eggs received before completion of the clutch. First laid eggs received up to 48 hours of incubation before the last egg was laid in Brent clutches. Waterfowl clutches usually hatch within a period of 24 hours, suggesting that some mechanism reduces developmental asynchrony during incubation. The combination of incubation during laying and hatch synchronization mechanisms should be adaptive because these traits reduce nest exposure, maintain egg viability, and result in an earlier hatch date, all of which increase fitness in waterfowl.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Lindberg, M.S., MacCluskie, M.C., and Sedinger, J.S., 1994, The adaptive significance of hatching synchrony of waterfowl eggs: Wildfowl, v. 45, p. 248-254.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/954"}],"volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1fe4b0236b68f673a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":63292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacCluskie, Margaret C.","contributorId":50643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacCluskie","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30490,"text":"wri934133 - 1994 - Flood discharges and hydraulics near the mouths of Wolf Creek, Craig Branch, Manns Creek, Dunloup Creek, and Mill Creek in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri934133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4133","title":"Flood discharges and hydraulics near the mouths of Wolf Creek, Craig Branch, Manns Creek, Dunloup Creek, and Mill Creek in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, studied the frequency and magnitude of flooding near the mouths of five tributaries to the New River in the New River Gorge National River. The 100-year peak discharge at each tributary was determined from regional frequency equations. The 100-year discharge at Wolf Creek, Craig Branch, Manns Creek, Dunloup Creek, and Mill Creek was 3,400 cubic feet per second, 640 cubic feet per second, 8,200 cubic feet per second, 7,100 cubic feet per second, and 9,400 cubic feet per second, respectively. Flood elevations for each tributary were determined by application of a steady-state, one-dimensional flow model. Manning's roughness coefficients for the stream channels ranged from 0.040 to 0.100. Bridges that would be unable to contain the 100-year flood within the bridge opening included: the State Highway 82 bridge on Wolf Creek, the second Fayette County Highway 25 bridge upstream from the confluence with New River on Dunloup Creek, and an abandoned log bridge on Mill Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934133","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J., 1994, Flood discharges and hydraulics near the mouths of Wolf Creek, Craig Branch, Manns Creek, Dunloup Creek, and Mill Creek in the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4133, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934133.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4133/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4133/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J.B.","contributorId":76739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19567,"text":"ofr94121 - 1994 - Operational Procedures for Collecting Water-Quality Samples at Monitoring Sites on Maple Creek Near Nickerson and the Platte River at Louisville, Eastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:33","indexId":"ofr94121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-121","title":"Operational Procedures for Collecting Water-Quality Samples at Monitoring Sites on Maple Creek Near Nickerson and the Platte River at Louisville, Eastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"Prototype stream-monitoring sites were operated during part of 1992 in the Central Nebraska Basins (CNBR) and three other study areas of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQ) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Results from the prototype project provide information needed to operate a net- work of intensive fixed station stream-monitoring sites. This report evaluates operating procedures for two NAWQA prototype sites at Maple Creek near Nickerson and the Platte River at Louisville, eastern Nebraska. Each site was sampled intensively in the spring and late summer 1992, with less intensive sampling in midsummer. In addition, multiple samples were collected during two high- flow periods at the Maple Creek site--one early and the other late in the growing season. Water-samples analyses included determination of pesticides, nutrients, major ions, suspended sediment, and measurements of physical properties. Equipment and protocols for the water-quality sampling procedures were evaluated. Operation of the prototype stream- monitoring sites included development and comparison of onsite and laboratory sample-processing proce- dures. Onsite processing was labor intensive but allowed for immediate preservation of all sampled constituents. Laboratory processing required less field labor and decreased the risk of contamination, but allowed for no immediate preservation of the samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94121","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.M., and Swanson, R.B., 1994, Operational Procedures for Collecting Water-Quality Samples at Monitoring Sites on Maple Creek Near Nickerson and the Platte River at Louisville, Eastern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-121, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94121.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0121/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13207,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ne.water.usgs.gov/Nawqa/pubs/abstracts/OFR94-121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49035,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db69164e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Steven M.","contributorId":14839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Robert B. rswanson@usgs.gov","contributorId":855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Robert","email":"rswanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21357,"text":"ofr93650 - 1994 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of selected carbamate pesticides in water by high-performance liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:42:09.166892","indexId":"ofr93650","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-650","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of selected carbamate pesticides in water by high-performance liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"As part of its primary responsibility concerning water as a national resource, the U.S. Geological Survey collects and analyzes samples of ground water and surface water to determine water quality. This report describes the method used since June 1987 to determine selected total-recoverable carbamate pesticides present in water samples. High- performance liquid chromatography is used to separate N-methyl carbamates, N-methyl carbamoyloximes, and an N-phenyl carbamate which have been extracted from water and concentrated in dichloromethane. Analytes, surrogate compounds, and reference compounds are eluted from the analytical column within 25 minutes. Two modes of analyte detection are used: (1) a photodiode-array detector measures and records ultraviolet-absorbance profiles, and (2) a fluorescence detector measures and records fluorescence from an analyte derivative produced when analyte hydrolysis is combined with chemical derivatization. Analytes are identified and confirmed in a three-stage process by use of chromatographic retention time, ultraviolet (UV) spectral comparison, and derivatization/fluorescence detection. Quantitative results are based on the integration of single-wavelength UV-absorbance chromatograms and on comparison with calibration curves derived from external analyte standards that are run with samples as part of an instrumental analytical sequence. Estimated method detection limits vary for each analyte, depending on the sample matrix conditions, and range from 0.5 microgram per liter to as low as 0.01 microgram per liter. Reporting levels for all analytes have been set at 0.5 microgram per liter for this method. Corrections on the basis of percentage recoveries of analytes spiked into distilled water are not applied to values calculated for analyte concentration in samples. These values for analyte concentrations instead indicate the quantities recovered by the method from a particular sample matrix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93650","usgsCitation":"Werner, S., and Johnson, S., 1994, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of selected carbamate pesticides in water by high-performance liquid chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-650, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93650.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0650/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0650/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bc04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.M.","contributorId":52214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20662,"text":"ofr94152 - 1994 - Geologic features of the sea bottom around a municipal sludge dumpsite near 39 degrees N., 73 degrees W., offshore New Jersey and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T20:54:07.768688","indexId":"ofr94152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-152","title":"Geologic features of the sea bottom around a municipal sludge dumpsite near 39 degrees N., 73 degrees W., offshore New Jersey and New York","docAbstract":"The sea-floor of a dumpsite area offshore New York and New Jersey (Deep-water dumpsite 106) was studied using detailed bathymetry, sidescan-sonar images, subbottom profiles, bottom photographs, and bottom-sediment samples. These data show that this continental rise area contains deposits of submarine landslides and pathways of sediment gravity flows. Images of the sea floor obtained with a deep-towed high-resolution sidescan sonar system show offshore-trending furrowed surfaces over parts of the area. If such furrows are old, one might expect them to have been obliterated by sediment resuspension and redeposition due to the mostly gentle contour-parallel bottom currents that are measured in the present day. While most of the sea-floor features were probably formed during Pleistocene or early Holocene (glacial or early post-glacial) times, our information suggests that vigorous present-day episodes of offshore-directed transport may continue to occur, at unknown intervals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94152","usgsCitation":"Robb, J.M., 1994, Geologic features of the sea bottom around a municipal sludge dumpsite near 39 degrees N., 73 degrees W., offshore New Jersey and New York (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-152, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94152.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12464.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":50188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1140,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of94-152/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0152/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.25,\n              38.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.833,\n              38.5833\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.833,\n              39.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.25,\n              39.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.25,\n              38.5833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a605a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":60225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18888,"text":"ofr93366 - 1994 - Reconnaissance of ground-water quality at selected wells in the Beaver Creek watershed, Shelby, Fayette, Tipton, and Haywood Counties, west Tennessee, July and August 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-08T21:14:24.169939","indexId":"ofr93366","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-366","title":"Reconnaissance of ground-water quality at selected wells in the Beaver Creek watershed, Shelby, Fayette, Tipton, and Haywood Counties, west Tennessee, July and August 1992","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of water-quality conditions of the water-table aquifer in the Beaver Creek watershed and other rural areas of Shelby, Fayette, Tipton, and Haywood Counties, Tennessee, was conducted during July and August 1992. The reconnaissance was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Agriculture and the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service. The report presents data of selected water-quality constituents and properties of water samples collected from 398 domestic wells, located primarily in rural areas. Nitrate concentrations exceeded 10 milligrams per liter in water from 73 of the 398 wells. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria were detected in water from 21 and 118 wells, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93366","usgsCitation":"Fielder, A.M., Roman-Mas, A., and Bennett, M.W., 1994, Reconnaissance of ground-water quality at selected wells in the Beaver Creek watershed, Shelby, Fayette, Tipton, and Haywood Counties, west Tennessee, July and August 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-366, Report: iii, 28 p.; 4 Plates: 27.50 × 25.68 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93366.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 28 p.; 4 Plates: 27.50 × 25.68 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390359,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12734.htm"},{"id":48290,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0366/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48289,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0366/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48288,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0366/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48287,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0366/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":48286,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0366/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0366/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Fayette County, Haywood County, Shelby County, Tipton County","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.312,\n              34.993\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.096,\n              34.993\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.096,\n              35.821\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.312,\n              35.821\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.312,\n              34.993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6272a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fielder, A. M.","contributorId":48582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielder","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman-Mas, A. J.","contributorId":55839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, M. W.","contributorId":53358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29787,"text":"wri944007 - 1994 - Annual replenishment of bed material by sediment transport in the Wind River near Riverton, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri944007","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4007","title":"Annual replenishment of bed material by sediment transport in the Wind River near Riverton, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Transportation, conducted a study during 1985-87 to determine the annual replenishment of sand and gravel along a point bar in the Wind River near Riverton, Wyoming. Hydraulic- geometry relations determined from streamflow measurements; streamflow characteristics determined from 45 years of record at the study site; and analyses of suspended-sediment, bedload, and bed- material samples were used to describe river transport characteristics and to estimate the annual replenishment of sand and gravel. The Wind River is a perennial, snowmelt-fed stream. Average daily discharge at the study site is about 734 cubic feet per second, and bankfull discharge (recurrence interval about 1.5 years) is about 5,000 cubic feet per second. At bankfull discharge, the river is about 136 feet wide and has an average depth of about 5.5 feet and average velocity of about 6.7 feet per second. Streams slope is about 0.0010 foot per foot. Bed material sampled on the point bar before the 1986 high flows ranged from sand to cobbles, with a median diameter of about 22 millimeters. Data for sediment samples collected during water year 1986 were used to develop regression equations between suspended-sediment load and water discharge and between bedload and water discharge. Average annual suspended-sediment load was computed to be about 561,000 tons per year using the regression equation in combination with flow-duration data. The regression equation for estimating bedload was not used; instead, average annual bedload was computed as 1.5 percent of average annual suspended load about 8,410 tons per year. This amount of bedload material is estimated to be in temporary storage along a reach containing seven riffles--a length of approximately 1 river mile. On the basis of bedload material sampled during the 1986 high flows, about 75 percent (by weight) is sand (2 millimeters in diameter or finer); median particle size is about 0.5 milli- meter. About 20 percent (by weight) is medium gravel to small cobbles--12.7 millimeters (0.5 inch) or coarser. The bedload moves slowly (about 0.03 percent of the water speed) and briefly (about 10 percent of the time). The average travel distance of a median-sized particle is about 1 river mile per year. The study results indicate that the average replenishment rate of bedload material coarser than 12.7 millimeters is about 1,500 to 2,000 tons (less than 1,500 cubic yards) per year. Finer material (0.075 to 6.4 millimeters in diameter) is replen- ishment at about 4,500 to 5,000 cubic yards per year. The total volume of potentially usable material would average about 6,000 cubic yards per year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944007","usgsCitation":"Smalley, M., Emmett, W.W., and Wacker, A., 1994, Annual replenishment of bed material by sediment transport in the Wind River near Riverton, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4007, iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944007.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4007/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58587,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b7d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smalley, M.L.","contributorId":87585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smalley","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, W. W.","contributorId":107695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wacker, A.M.","contributorId":36598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19664,"text":"ofr93648 - 1994 - Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at the Weldon Spring chemical plant and vicinity, St. Charles County, Missouri, 1987-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T19:18:02.992328","indexId":"ofr93648","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-648","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at the Weldon Spring chemical plant and vicinity, St. Charles County, Missouri, 1987-90","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93648","usgsCitation":"Kleeschulte, M., and Imes, J., 1994, Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of ground-water flow at the Weldon Spring chemical plant and vicinity, St. Charles County, Missouri, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-648, vi, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93648.","productDescription":"vi, 106 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411079,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12787.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":49129,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0648/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0648/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Weldon Spring chemical plant","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.51429779606438,\n              38.803136761049814\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.78968096118078,\n              38.803136761049814\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.78968096118078,\n              38.594377092401174\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.51429779606438,\n              38.594377092401174\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.51429779606438,\n              38.803136761049814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeschulte, M. J.","contributorId":73222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Imes, J. L.","contributorId":61428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":19154,"text":"ofr94135 - 1994 - Chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements including gold and the arsenic species, As(III) and As(V), in water samples from Kelly Creek Valley, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-19T19:58:09.007214","indexId":"ofr94135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-135","title":"Chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements including gold and the arsenic species, As(III) and As(V), in water samples from Kelly Creek Valley, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94135","usgsCitation":"Grimes, D.J., McHugh, J.B., and Meier, A.L., 1994, Chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements including gold and the arsenic species, As(III) and As(V), in water samples from Kelly Creek Valley, Humboldt County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-135, Report: 14 p.; 1  Plate: 19.00 × 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94135.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1  Plate: 19.00 × 27.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391942,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12462.htm"},{"id":48625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":21541,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0135/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Kelly Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.192,\n              41.208\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.092,\n              41.208\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.092,\n              41.325\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.192,\n              41.325\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.192,\n              41.208\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimes, D. J.","contributorId":73575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20576,"text":"ofr94366 - 1994 - National Water Quality Laboratory Profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:02:42.706001","indexId":"ofr94366","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-366","title":"National Water Quality Laboratory Profile","docAbstract":"The National Water Quality Laboratory determines organic and inorganic constituents in samples of surface and ground water, river and lake sediment, aquatic plant and animal material, and precipitation collected throughout the United States and its territories by the U.S. Geological Survey. In water year 1994, the Laboratory produced more than 900,000 analytical results for about 65,000 samples. The Laboratory also coordinates an extensive network of contract laboratories for the determination of radiochemical and stable isotopes and work for the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Contamination Hydrology Program. Heightened concerns about water quality and about the possible effects of toxic chemicals at trace and ultratrace levels have contributed to an increased demand for impartial, objective, and independent data.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr94366","usgsCitation":"Raese, J.W., 1994, National Water Quality Laboratory Profile: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-366, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94366.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/OFR-94-366.shtml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raese, Jon W. jwraese@usgs.gov","contributorId":183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raese","given":"Jon","email":"jwraese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29808,"text":"wri934184 - 1994 - Quality of water in the Red River alluvial aquifer, pool 1, Red River waterway area, Vick, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T22:44:23.819479","indexId":"wri934184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4184","title":"Quality of water in the Red River alluvial aquifer, pool 1, Red River waterway area, Vick, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Water-quality changes in the Red River alluvial aquifer within the area affected by pool 1 near Vick, Louisiana, were monitored during pre-construction (1974-78) and post-construction (1984-92) of Lock and Dam 1. Changes greater or less than background values have occurred in an area within 2 miles of Lock and Dam 1, and in one well located about 10 miles west of Lock and Dam 1.  Comparison between the pre-construction and post-construction water-quality analyses indicated the total hardness as calcium carbonate and concentrations of dissolved chloride, iron, and manganese generally have decreased in the Red River alluvial aquifer south of the Red River and near Lock and Dam l. The maximum decrease of the median total hardness as calcium carbonate was from 730 to 330 mg/L (milligrams per liter), dissolved chloride from 77 to 46 mg/L, dissolved iron from 18 to 6.9 mg/L, and dissolved manganese from 1.4 to 0.56 mg/L. Analyses of water from wells west of Lock and Dam 1 indicated an increase of the median total hardness as calcium carbonate was from 200 to 260 mg/L, and dissolved iron concentration was from 0.33 to 1.4 mg/L. North of the river and 1 mile west of Lock and Dam l, the median concentration of dissolved chloride increased from 45 to 130 mg/L in water from one well, and median total hardness as calcium cabonate and concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese also increased. Because well Ct-74 is completed in a sand that is in contact with a saltwater sand of Tertiary age, this increase is probably a temporal increase due to upconing after lowering the water level in the alluvial aquifer by pumping of dewatering wells during construction of Lock and Dam 1.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934184","usgsCitation":"Smoot, C.W., Seanor, R., and Huff, G.F., 1994, Quality of water in the Red River alluvial aquifer, pool 1, Red River waterway area, Vick, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4184, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934184.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393170,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47878.htm"},{"id":159099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58609,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Vick","otherGeospatial":"Red River alluvial aquifer, pool 1","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.3075,\n              31.0756\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9167,\n              31.0756\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.9167,\n              31.3539\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3075,\n              31.3539\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3075,\n              31.0756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, C. W.","contributorId":82711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seanor, R. C.","contributorId":83550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seanor","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, G. F.","contributorId":11229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19114,"text":"ofr94347 - 1994 - Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams, 1989-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T07:05:33","indexId":"ofr94347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-347","title":"Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams, 1989-94","docAbstract":"<p>An approach was developed to determine if recent changes in the use of herbicides has affected herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams. This approach also provides a plan to determine if the abnormally high rainfall and flooding in 1993 has an effect on nitrate concentrations in 1994 in streams that flooded in 1993. The approach involves sampling 53 stream sites, 50 of which were sampled in 1989 and 1990 as part of a reconnaissance to determine the geographic and seasonal distribution of herbicides in 10 Midwestern States. Sites will be sampled twice, once prior to application of herbicides, in March or early April, and once during the first runoff event after application of herbicides. Samples will be analyzed for 11 herbicide and 2 atrazine metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Samples will also be analyzed for ESA (an alachlor metabolite), two cyanazine metabolites, and nutrients.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Changes to the manufacturers' label have decreased the maximum recommended \napplication rate for atrazine on com and sorghum by about 50 percent since the 1989-90 study. Conversely, the use of other herbicides, such as cyanazine, has increased by more than 25 percent since 1989. Statistical procedures such as Wilcoxon signed rank tests for paired samples will be used to determine if the distributions of herbicide and nitrate concentrations in 1994 are different from those measured in 1989 and 1990.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr94347","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Boyer, L.L., and Battaglin, W.A., 1994, Plan of study to determine the effect of changes in herbicide use on herbicide concentrations in Midwestern streams, 1989-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-347, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94347.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"19","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279464,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0347/report.pdf"},{"id":150695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0347/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.08,35.98 ], [ -104.08,49.5 ], [ -80.42,49.5 ], [ -80.42,35.98 ], [ -104.08,35.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6844de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyer, Laurie L.","contributorId":74399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyer","given":"Laurie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":180326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":19737,"text":"ofr9454 - 1994 - Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T20:35:32.577105","indexId":"ofr9454","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-54","title":"Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1992","docAbstract":"Tne U.S. Geological Survey. in support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Yucca Mountain Site- Characterization Project, collects, compiles, and summarizes water-resource data in the Yucca Mountain region. The data are collected to document the historical and current condition of ground-water resources, to detect and document changes in those resources through time, and to allow assessments of ground-water resources during investigations to determine the potential suitability of Yucca Mountain for storing high-level nuclear waste. Data on ground-water levels at 36 sites, ground- water discharge at 6 sites, ground-water quality at 19 sites, and ground-water withdrawals within Crater Fiat, Jackass Flats, Mercury Valley, and the Amargosa Desert are presented. Data on ground-water levels, discharges, and withdrawals collected by other agencies or as part of other programs are included to further indicate variations through time. A statistical summary of ground-water levels and median annual ground-water withdrawals in Jackass Flats is presented. The statistical summary includes the number of measurements, the maximum, minimum, and median water-level altitudes, and the average deviation of a11 water-level altitudes for selected baseline periods and for calendar year 1992. Data on ground-water quality are compared to established, proposed, or tentative primary and secondary drinking-water standards, and measures which exceeded those standards are listed for 18 sites. Detected organic compounds for which established, proposed, or tentative drinking-water standards exist also are listed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9454","usgsCitation":"La Camera, R.J., and Westenburg, C.L., 1994, Selected ground-water data for Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada and eastern California, through December 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-54, Report: 161 p.; 1 Plate: 16.92 × 11.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9454.","productDescription":"Report: 161 p.; 1 Plate: 16.92 × 11.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":402788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12448.htm"},{"id":264551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0054/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264550,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49211,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0054/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              36.267\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              36.267\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              36.267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68647a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Camera, Richard J.","contributorId":52212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Camera","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westenburg, Craig L.","contributorId":63831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenburg","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184280,"text":"70184280 - 1994 - Reproductive ecology of tundra swans on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T16:56:06","indexId":"70184280","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive ecology of tundra swans on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Management of tundra swans (<i>Cygnus columbianus</i>) is hampered by a lack of information on their nesting and brood-rearing ecology. We studied tundra swan nesting and brood-rearing ecology on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), Alaska, 1988-90. Nest success was 58% (n = 31) in 1988, 83% (n = 36) in 1989, 84% (n = 43) in 1990, and 76% (n = 110) for the 3 years. Nests were located predominately in marshes dominated by sheathed pondweed (<i>Potamogeton vaginatus</i>), mare's tail (<i>Hippuris vulgaris</i>), and Hoppner sedge (<i>Carex subspathacea</i>), or by pendent grass (<i>Arctophila fulva</i>), water sedge (<i>C. aquatilis</i>), and tall cotton grass (<i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i>). Nests were seldom located in upland or partially vegetated habitats and were near coastal lagoons or large coastal lakes. Incubating swans were easily disturbed by ground observers and left their nests when we were 500-2,000 m from the nest. Swans did not cover eggs with nest material prior to departure; thus, eggs were vulnerable to avain predation and thermal stress. Brood-foraging sites on the Kongakut Delta (n = 41) were frequently in aquatic-marsh (59%) and saline graminoid-shrub (29%) habitats, occasionally in graminoid-marsh (7%) and partially vegetated (5%) habitats, and absent from upland, graminoid-shrub-water sedge, and graminoid-shrub-cotton grass habitats. Brood-foraging sites on the Canning Delta (n = 35) were frequently in graminoid-marsh (46%), graminoid-shrub-water sedge (26%), and aquatic-marsh (23%) habitats, occasionally in graminoid-shrub-cotton grass (3%) and upland habitats (3%), and absent from saline graminoid-shrub and partially vegetated habitats. Young cygnets grazed in terrestrial habitats more frequently than older broods on the Kongakut (P = 0.003) and Canning (P = 0.053) deltas. Wetlands with sheathed pondweed were uncommon but preferred by broods (P = 0.001). Using field experiments, we evaluated effects of swan grazing and fertilization from feces on aboveground biomass production and plant-species composition. Fertilization from swan feces did not have an overall effect (P = 0.991) or interact with clipping (simulated grazing with hand shears) (P = 0.881) for any response variable investigated. Clipping increased total vegetational biomass the year of clipping (P = 0.001), decreased biomass the year after clipping (P = 0.001), and increased total shoot densities (P = 0.017). Shoot densities after clipping increased for Hoppner sedge (P = 0.010), did not change for tundra grass (<i>Dupontia fischeri</i>) (P = 0.296), and decreased for chickweed (<i>Dupontia fischeri</i>) (P = 0.006). Traditional use of foraging sites may enhance grazing areas by increasing plant production the year of grazing and densities of plant species that tolerate grazing. Protection of aquatic-marsh, graminoid-marsh, and saline graminoid-shrub habitats, particularly those supporting sheathed pondweed and traditionally used nesting areas, is important for maintaining current swan populations on ANWR.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809691","usgsCitation":"Monda, M.J., Ratti, J.T., and McCabe, T.R., 1994, Reproductive ecology of tundra swans on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 4, p. 757-773, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809691.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"773","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -145.89294433593747,\n              69.94914219833734\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.140380859375,\n              69.94914219833734\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.140380859375,\n              70.1720640322536\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.89294433593747,\n              70.1720640322536\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.89294433593747,\n              69.94914219833734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -142.1637725830078,\n              69.67879724207928\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.54441833496094,\n              69.67879724207928\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.54441833496094,\n              69.8736722051942\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.1637725830078,\n              69.8736722051942\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.1637725830078,\n              69.67879724207928\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monda, Matthew J.","contributorId":187554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monda","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratti, John T.","contributorId":59396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratti","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":33344,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18876,"text":"ofr9458 - 1994 - Lithologic descriptions of two cores and ground-water-quality data from five counties in the northeastern part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, 1988 and 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:08:27","indexId":"ofr9458","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-58","title":"Lithologic descriptions of two cores and ground-water-quality data from five counties in the northeastern part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, 1988 and 1991","docAbstract":"This report presents data collected as part of a hydrologic investigation of Darlington, Dillon, Florence, Marion, and Marlboro Counties in the northeastern part of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. These data include lithologic descriptions of sediment recovered from two continuously cored boreholes and water-quality results for samples collected from 17 existing wells. One continuously cored borehole was drilled near Lake Darpo in the northern part of Darlington County to a total depth of 447 feet below land surface. The other borehole was drilled in Lake City in the south-central part of Florence County to a total depth of 1,090 feet below land surface. Water-quality results presented in this report include specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, major- and minor-ion chemistry, and hydrogen sulfide.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9458","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., 1994, Lithologic descriptions of two cores and ground-water-quality data from five counties in the northeastern part of the coastal plain of South Carolina, 1988 and 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-58, iv, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9458.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48273,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Darlington County, Dillon County, Florence County, Marion County, Marlboro 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W. F. 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":60251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20183,"text":"ofr90179 - 1994 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20183,"text":"ofr90179 - 1994 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"ofr90179","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3161,"text":"wsp2320B - 1996 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2320B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":3161,"text":"wsp2320B - 1996 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2320B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T16:31:01.458852","indexId":"ofr90179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-179","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"Groundwater withdrawals in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, primarily for municipal supplies, totaled more than 2.5 million acre-ft between 1912 and 1981, with a peak annual withdrawal rate of 88,000 acre-ft in 1968.  Effects of heavy pumping are evident over large areas of the valley but are more pronounced near the major well fields.  Secondary recharge from lawn irrigation and other sources is estimated to have totaled more than 340,000 acre-ft during 1972-81. Resulting rises in water-level in shallow, unconfined aquifers in the central and southeastern parts of the valley have caused: widespread water-logging of soils; increased groundwater discharge to Las Vegas Wash and its tributaries; and potential for degradation of water quality in deeper aquifers by accentuating downward vertical hydraulic potential in areas where shallow groundwater has high concentrations of dissolved solids and nitrate. A 3-dimensional groundwater flow model of the valley-fill aquifer system was constructed for use in evaluating possible groundwater management alternatives aimed at alleviating problems related to overdraft and water-logging while maximizing use of the groundwater resources.  Natural recharge to the valley-fill aquifers is about 33,000 acre-ft/yr; in 1979, an estimated 44,000 acre-ft of secondary recharge infiltrated to the near-surface and developed-zone aquifers.  Peak water use for lawn irrigation during summer results in rates of secondary recharge that may increase threefold from winter rates.  Simulated rates of seepage to washes in the valley increased correspondingly from an average of 850 acre-ft/mo in winter to about 1,300 acre-ft/mo in the summer.  Groundwater withdrawals by pumping totaled 620,000 acre-ft during 1972-81, and model results indicate that about 190,000 acre-ft of that total was derived from storage. Use of the model as a predictive tool was demonstrated by simulating the effects of using most municipal wells only during the peak-demand season of June 1 through September 20. Results of the 9-year simulation indicated that: (1) long-term rates of water-level decline near the municipal well field would be less than rates for 1972-81, but the magnitude of seasonal fluctuations would increase, and (2) total volume of water released from storage as a result of subsidence would be only 42,000 acre-feet per year, or about half the volume during 1972-81.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90179","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., and Dettinger, M.D., 1994, Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-179, Report: vii, 151 p.; 2 Plates: 18.41 x 21.57 and 18.59 x 21.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90179.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 151 p.; 2 Plates: 18.41 x 21.57 and 18.59 x 21.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382958,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02685546875,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02685546875,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d27d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, D. S.","contributorId":19184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":182215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44745,"text":"wri934174 - 1994 - Potentiometric-surface map of the lower Wilcox aquifer in Mississippi, October through December 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:55","indexId":"wri934174","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4174","title":"Potentiometric-surface map of the lower Wilcox aquifer in Mississippi, October through December 1988","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri934174","usgsCitation":"Oakley, W.T., Burt, D.E., and Goldsmith, G.D., 1994, Potentiometric-surface map of the lower Wilcox aquifer in Mississippi, October through December 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4174, 1 map ; 84 x 94 cm. on sheet 91 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934174.","productDescription":"1 map ; 84 x 94 cm. on sheet 91 x 97 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91734,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4174/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681ecb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burt, David E. Jr.","contributorId":31443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burt","given":"David","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldsmith, Gala D. S.","contributorId":88420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Gala","email":"","middleInitial":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223020,"text":"5223020 - 1994 - Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:35:53.870175","indexId":"5223020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Determining factors that limit winter survival of waterfowl is necessary to develop effective management plans. We radiomarked immature and adult female mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) after the 1988 and 1989 hunting seasons in eastcentral Arkansas to test whether natural mortality sources and habitat conditions during late winter limit seasonal survival. We used data from 92 females to calculate survival estimates. We observed no mortalities during 2,510 exposure days, despite differences in habitat conditions between years. We used the binomial distribution to calculate daily and 30-day survival estimates plus 95% confidence intervals of 0.9988 <span>≤</span> 0.9997 <span>≤</span> 1.00 and 0.9648 <span>≤</span> 0.9925 <span>≤</span> 1.00, respectively. Our data indirectly support the hypothesis that hunting mortality and habitat conditions during the hunting season are the major determinants of winter survival for female mallards in Arkansas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809554","usgsCitation":"Dugger, B., Reinecke, K.J., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1994, Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 94-99, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.012709674636895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0179255009495,\n              34.012709674636895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0179255009495,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":55874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180861,"text":"70180861 - 1994 - Succession on regraded placer mine spoil in Alaska, USA, in relation to initial site characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:22:01","indexId":"70180861","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Succession on regraded placer mine spoil in Alaska, USA, in relation to initial site characteristics","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstract\">This study evaluated the rate and pattern of natural succession on regraded placer mine spoil in relation to initial substrate characteristics. The study site was the Glen Creek watershed of the Kantishna mining area of Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. After regrading, twelve 0.01-ha plots were established and substrate characteristics were measured. Natural plant succession was evaluated after five growing seasons. Three successional patterns were identified on the basis of plant community characteristics using cluster analysis, and were related to substrate characteristics. First, a riparian plant community with vigorous <i>Salix alaxensis</i> and <i>Alnus crispa</i> grew rapidly on topsoil that had been spread over the regraded spoil. Second, a similar plant community with less vigorous <i>S. alaxensi</i>s developed more slowly on unprocessed spoil and spoil amended with a small amount of topsoil. Third, processed spoil remained almost bare of vegetation, although<i> S. alaxensis</i> was able to establish and persist in a stunted growth form. In contrast, <i>Alnus crispa</i> had difficulty establishing on processed spoil, but the few established seedlings grew well. Several substrate variables, including the proportion of silt and clay vs. sand, total nitrogen, and water retention capacity, were good predictors of the rate and pattern of succession. Total nitrogen was the best single predictor for the number of vigorous <i>S. alaxensis</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.2307/1551797","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R., 1994, Succession on regraded placer mine spoil in Alaska, USA, in relation to initial site characteristics: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 26, no. 4, p. 354-363, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551797.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"363","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park, Glen Creek watershed, Kantishna mining area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.58\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.6778335571289,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.7866668701172,\n              63.51779683618753\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","publicComments":"The name of this journal has changed.  At the time this article was published, the title was \"Arctic and Alpine Research.\"  It has since changed to \"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research.\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847aae4b0efcedb7072e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18716,"text":"ofr94328 - 1994 - Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at the Merle K. \"Mudhole\" Smith Airport near Cordova, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:24","indexId":"ofr94328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-328","title":"Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at the Merle K. \"Mudhole\" Smith Airport near Cordova, Alaska","docAbstract":"Air service to Cordova, Alaska and the surrounding region is provided by the Merle K. &quot;Mudhole&quot; Smith Airport, 21 kilometers east of the townsite.  The Federal Aviation Administration owns or operates support facilities at the airport and wishes to consider the environmental setting and hydro- geologic conditions when evaluating options for remediation of potential contamination at these facilities. The airport is within the Copper River Delta wetlands area and the Chugach National Forest. Silts, sands, and gravels of fluvial origin underlie the airport.  Potential flooding may be caused by outbursts of glacier-dammed lakes, glacier icemelt, snowmelt runoff, or precipitation. Surface spills and disposal of hazardous materials in conjunction with precipitation or flooding may adversely affect the quality of ground water. Drinking water at the airport is currently supplied by wells. Alternative drinking-water sources include local rivers and streams, transporting city water from Cordova, or undiscovered aquifers.  Each alternative source, however, would likely cost significantly more to develop than using the existing shallow aquifer supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr94328","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., and Sokup, J., 1994, Overview of environmental and hydrogeologic conditions at the Merle K. \"Mudhole\" Smith Airport near Cordova, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-328, 28 p.  :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94328.","productDescription":"28 p.  :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0328/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48075,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0328/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a38a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sokup, J.M.","contributorId":84395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sokup","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000704,"text":"1000704 - 1994 - Identification of larvae: The zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), quagga mussel (<i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i>), and Asian clam (<i>Corbicula fluminea</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T12:55:44","indexId":"1000704","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of larvae: The zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), quagga mussel (<i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i>), and Asian clam (<i>Corbicula fluminea</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>There are presently four freshwater bivalves in the United States that produce larvae or veligers commonly found in the water column: two forms of Asian clams and two species of dreissenids. Portions of the geographic range of three of these bivalves, one species of Asian clam (</span><i>Corbicula fluminea</i><span>), zebra mussels (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>), and quagga mussels (</span><i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i><span>), overlap, causing problems with larval identification. To determine which characteristics can be used to separate larval forms, adult Asian clams, quaggas, and zebra mussels were brought into the laboratory and induced to spawn, and the resulting larvae were reared. Hybrids between quaggas and zebra mussels were also produced, but not reared to maturity. Characteristics allowing for the most rapid and accurate separation of larvae were hinge length, shell length/height, shell shape, shell size, and the presence or absence of a foot and velum. These characteristics were observed in laboratory-reared larvae of known parentage and field-caught larvae of unknown parentage. In most cases, larvae of the Asian clam can be readily separated from those produced by either type of dreissenid on the basis of shell size and presence of a foot. Separating the gametes and embryos of the two types of dreissenids is not possible, but after shell formation, most of the larval stages can be distinguished. Hinge length, shell length/height, and the similarity in size of the shell valves can be used to separate straight-hinged, umbonal, pediveliger, and plantigrade larvae. Quagga &times; zebra mussel hybrids show characteristics of both parents and are difficult to identify.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z94-057","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., and Black, M., 1994, Identification of larvae: The zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), quagga mussel (<i>Dreissena rosteriformis bugensis</i>), and Asian clam (<i>Corbicula fluminea</i>): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 72, no. 3, p. 406-417, https://doi.org/10.1139/z94-057.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"417","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, M.G.","contributorId":21124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28434,"text":"wri934226 - 1994 - Geohydrology and water chemistry of abandoned uranium mines and radiochemistry of spoil-material leachate, Monument Valley and Cameron areas, Arizona and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T17:35:10.908559","indexId":"wri934226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4226","title":"Geohydrology and water chemistry of abandoned uranium mines and radiochemistry of spoil-material leachate, Monument Valley and Cameron areas, Arizona and Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Uranium mines in the Monument Valley area were established predominately in channel-fill deposits within the Shinarump Member of the Chinle Formation. The Shinarump Member yields ground water to wells and may yield water to the Moonlight and Radium Hill mines. In the study area near Cameron, uranium was mined from channel-fill deposits within the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation. Units of the Petrified Forest Member do not yield ground water to wells in the area, but fractures in the lower part of the Petrified Forest Member are probable pathways for upward flow of water from the Shinarump Member. Most of the mines receive water from surface inflow of rainfall runoff, but ground water also may be transmitted to open pits and drill holes in the subsurface through fractures or along faults in the Petrified Forest Member. Uranium-238 activities in shallow ground water from mines ranged from 150 to 14,000 picocuries per liter. Radionuclide activities in well and spring water were less than in shallow ground water near mines; however, in some samples, radionuclide activities in wells and springs were greater than activities in pit water. Uranium concentrations in leachate samples ranged from 20 to 7,700 micrograms per liter. Batch tests were done with material that was 2.00 millimeters and smaller. The radiochemistry of leachate from coarser material was not determined, and the specific rate and magnitude of radionuclide leaching depends on site-specific conditions that include the amounts of oxygen and organic material present, temperature, spoil mineralogy, and local ground-water composition.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934226","usgsCitation":"Longsworth, S., 1994, Geohydrology and water chemistry of abandoned uranium mines and radiochemistry of spoil-material leachate, Monument Valley and Cameron areas, Arizona and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4226, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934226.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466119,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47912.htm","text":"Monument Valley area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4226/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":324371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4226/wri934226_errata.txt"},{"id":57236,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4226/wri934226.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466118,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47911.htm","text":"Cameron area","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.83837429799888,\n              37.464959777387506\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3833108617259,\n              37.425796184841516\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.81137957442326,\n              36.11428190309012\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.15647117601753,\n              36.04195131219825\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.83837429799888,\n              37.464959777387506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longsworth, S.A.","contributorId":47784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longsworth","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178350,"text":"70178350 - 1994 - Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T15:04:35","indexId":"70178350","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dioxins and health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Plenum Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J., Ludwig, J.P., and Tillitt, D., 1994, Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds, chap. <i>of</i> Dioxins and health, p. 249-307.","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb48e4b0c253bdfff0e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schecter, A.","contributorId":176841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schecter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, J. P.","contributorId":176342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludwig","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186561,"text":"70186561 - 1994 - Sea otter foraging behavior and hydrocarbon levels in prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T12:38:42","indexId":"70186561","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Sea otter foraging behavior and hydrocarbon levels in prey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Following the </span><i><span>Exxon Valdez </span></i><span>oil spill (EVOS), Prudhoe Bay crude oil from the vessel spread on the sea surface and covered coastal shores from western Prince William Sound (PWS) to the Alaska Peninsula. In PWS alone. acute mortality of sca otters at the time of the spill was estimated to be greater than 2000 (Doroff et al. 1993; Garrott et al. 1993).</span></p><p><span>Shoreline oiling was observed on approximately 24% of the 1891 km of coastline surveyed within PWS (</span><i><span>Exxon Valdez</span></i><span> Oil Spill Damage Assessment Geoprocessing Group 1991). The effect of oil on the abundance of nearshore marine invertebrate populations is unclear, and the concentration and persistence of hydrocarbons present in tissues of most of these invertebrate species still remains unknown. What is known is that marine bivalves can accumulate petroleum hydrocarbons from both chronic and acute sources (Blumer et al. 1970; Ehrhardt 1972; Boehun and Quinn 1977). Potential long-term chronic effects of oiled intertidal and subtidal prey on the sea otter population are of concern.</span></p><p><span>Sea otters prey on a wide variety of benthic marine invertebrates (Riedman and Estes 1990) and forage in shallow coastal waters (Wild and Arnes 1974), which vary widely in exposure to the open ocean, substrate type, and community composition. Sea otters have high metabolic demands relative to other marine mammals and can consume 20-25% of their body weight per day in invertebrate prey (Kenyon 1969: Costa and Kooyman 1984). Sca otters have occupied southwestern PWS since at least the early 1950s (Lensink 1962; Garshelis et al. 1986). The sea otter population in the PWS spill region was likely near equilibrium density and limited by prey availability before the oil spill (xcurrel (Estes et al. 1981; Garshelis et al. 1986; Johnson 1987). Sea otters in this region spent 59% of the daylight hours foraging, while otters in&nbsp;</span><span>recently reoccupied habitats of eastern PWS spent only 27%. (Garshelis et al. 1986). Therefore, small differences in abundance of prey or net caloric availability due to heavy oiling in portions of southwestern PWS may have led to reduced carrying capacity and delayed recovery for the sea otter population in this region.</span></p><p><span>Recovery of the PWS sea otter population may be influenced by several factors. Decreased food availability caused by oil-related prey mortality or consumption of contaminated prey may be detrimental. Prey availability in western PWS may have declined due to increased mortality of invertebrates at the time of shoreline oiling. of by oil-removal activities. In addition. relative prey availability may have been decreased by sea otters avoiding invertebrate prey contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. However, we lack the baseline data on abundance and distribution of near shore invertebrates necessary to estimate a reduction in prey availability. In addition. the effects of ingesting prey contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons on sea otters are unknown.</span></p><p><span><span>Our objectives were to determine if sea otter foraging success and prey composition differed between oiled and nonoiled areas and to assess hydrocarbon levels in sea otter prey between oiled and nonoiled areas.</span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammals and the <i>Exxon Valdez</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","isbn":"9781483288819","usgsCitation":"Doroff, A.M., and Bodkin, J.L., 1994, Sea otter foraging behavior and hydrocarbon levels in prey, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Marine mammals and the <i>Exxon Valdez</i>, p. 193-207.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339225,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/marine-mammals-and-the-exxon-valdez/loughlin/978-0-12-456160-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60278e4b09da6799ac6b1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loughlin, Thomas R.","contributorId":18885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughlin","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689584,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Doroff, Angela M.","contributorId":140660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doroff","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":689582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":689583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000784,"text":"1000784 - 1994 - Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T13:21:32","indexId":"1000784","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Unionid bivalves and attached epizoic zebra mussels (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) were collected at one index station in 1989, 1990, and 1991 and at 17 stations in 1991 in offshore waters of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Sampling at the index station revealed that the proportion of live unionids declined from 53% in September 1989 to 17% in May&ndash;June 1990 and to 0% in September 1990: this 100% mortality coincided with heavy infestation by zebra mussels. Quantitative sampling with a Ponar grab at the 17 stations in 1991 revealed a widespread and dramatic reduction in unionid populations. In 1982, five unionid species occurred at 35% of the stations at a density of 4/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, whereas in 1991, no live unionid species were found. Qualitative sampling with an epibenthic sled at the 17 stations in 1991 yielded only 4 live specimens of 2 species (</span><i>Amblema plicata plicata</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Fusconaia flava</i><span>) and 187 dead specimens of 10 species. These and other results indicate that unionid populations are being negatively affected by zebra mussels in the Great Lakes. Similar impacts on unionids are expected to occur where zebra mussels become abundant throughout North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f94-226","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., and Nalepa, T., 1994, Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 51, no. 10, p. 2234-2242, https://doi.org/10.1139/f94-226.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2234","endPage":"2242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}