{"pageNumber":"1679","pageRowStart":"41950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70032342,"text":"70032342 - 2012 - Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T15:05:51","indexId":"70032342","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks","docAbstract":"Climate change is anticipated to increase the frequency of disturbances, potentially impacting carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the implications of either multiple disturbances or post-disturbance forest management activities on ecosystem carbon stocks. This study quantified how forest carbon stocks responded to stand-replacing blowdown and wildfire, both individually and in combination with and without post-disturbance salvage operations, in a sub-boreal jack pine ecosystem. Individually, blowdown or fire caused similar decreases in live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. However, whereas blowdown increased carbon in down woody material and forest floor, fire increased carbon in standing snags, a difference that may have consequences for long-term carbon cycling patterns. Fire after the blowdown caused substantial additional reduction in ecosystem carbon stocks, suggesting that potential increases in multiple disturbance events may represent a challenge for sustaining ecosystem carbon stocks. Salvage logging, as examined here, decreased carbon stored in snags and down woody material but had no significant effect on total ecosystem carbon stocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.010","usgsCitation":"Bradford, J., Fraver, S., Milo, A., D’Amato, A., Palik, B., and Shinneman, D., 2012, Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 267, no. 2012, p. 209-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.010.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214607,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.010"}],"volume":"267","issue":"2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0764e4b0c8380cd51693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradford, J.B.","contributorId":62036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fraver, S.","contributorId":93718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraver","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milo, A.M.","contributorId":101896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milo","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"D’Amato, A.W.","contributorId":86577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Amato","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palik, B.","contributorId":68977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palik","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shinneman, D.J.","contributorId":71015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032313,"text":"70032313 - 2012 - Shade-grown coffee in Puerto Rico: Opportunities to preserve biodiversity while reinvigorating a struggling agricultural commodity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T22:53:32.000689","indexId":"70032313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shade-grown coffee in Puerto Rico: Opportunities to preserve biodiversity while reinvigorating a struggling agricultural commodity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shade-grown coffee contributes to biodiversity conservation and has many ecological benefits. We reviewed historical trends in coffee production and interviewed 100 coffee growers in 1999 to determine current management practices and attitudes toward the cultivation of sun and shade coffee in Puerto Rico. We discuss the outlook for the coffee industry in the 21st century and implications for biodiversity conservation, hoping lessons from Puerto Rico will apply to the international coffee industry. Throughout the 20th century, government intervention, including subsidies and technical assistance, supported coffee farming in Puerto Rico. In an effort to modernize coffee production and increase yields, the conversion from shade to sun coffee plantations was encouraged. Despite government support, the amount of land devoted to this once dominant agricultural commodity declined markedly between 1982 and 2007 (84%), due to labor shortages, low income, and catastrophic hurricanes. We found that a return to shaded plantations would be embraced by most farmers. Growers of shaded coffee were generally happier with their cultivation practices (89.3% satisfied) than growers of sun coffee (60.9% satisfied), valued biodiversity, and were willing to cultivate coffee under shade if given similar incentives to those received for farming sun coffee. The future of the coffee industry in Puerto Rico may depend on government programs that capitalize upon emerging markets for sustainably produced, shade-grown coffee. We conclude that where governments have close ties to the coffee industry, they should strive to wed economic development with the conservation of biodiversity and associated ecological services by providing support and incentives for the production of shade coffee.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.023","issn":"01678809","usgsCitation":"Borkhataria, R., Collazo, J.A., Groom, M.J., and Jordan-Garcia, A., 2012, Shade-grown coffee in Puerto Rico: Opportunities to preserve biodiversity while reinvigorating a struggling agricultural commodity: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 149, p. 164-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.023.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"170","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.023"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Ciales, Utuado, and Jayuya","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.77352905273438,\n              18.21369821621042\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.75155639648438,\n              18.19934828460782\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61560058593749,\n              18.187606552494625\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.47415161132812,\n              18.173254472950752\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.39999389648438,\n              18.19282519773319\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.38351440429688,\n              18.30368441867933\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.434326171875,\n              18.34540130240112\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.610107421875,\n              18.361042538811702\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.74331665039062,\n              18.30368441867933\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.78863525390625,\n              18.231960055191504\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.77352905273438,\n              18.21369821621042\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"149","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8dc4e4b08c986b31855a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borkhataria, R.","contributorId":84996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borkhataria","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime A. 0000-0002-1816-7744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-7744","contributorId":217287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groom, Martha J.","contributorId":37128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groom","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jordan-Garcia, A.","contributorId":27285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan-Garcia","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032570,"text":"70032570 - 2012 - Hydrological effects of the increased CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T13:52:54","indexId":"70032570","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological effects of the increased CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT","docAbstract":"Increased atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and climate change may significantly impact the hydrological and meteorological processes of a watershed system. Quantifying and understanding hydrological responses to elevated ambient CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change is, therefore, critical for formulating adaptive strategies for an appropriate management of water resources. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to assess the effects of increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). The standard SWAT model was modified to represent more mechanistic vegetation type specific responses of stomatal conductance reduction and leaf area increase to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> based on physiological studies. For estimating the historical impacts of increased CO<sub>2</sub> in the recent past decades, the incremental (i.e., dynamic) rises of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration at a monthly time-scale were also introduced into the model. Our study results indicated that about 1–4% of the streamflow in the UMRB during 1986 through 2008 could be attributed to the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. In addition to evaluating a range of future climate sensitivity scenarios, the climate projections by four General Circulation Models (GCMs) under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios were used to predict the hydrological effects in the late twenty-first century (2071–2100). Our simulations demonstrated that the water yield would increase in spring and substantially decrease in summer, while soil moisture would rise in spring and decline in summer. Such an uneven distribution of water with higher variability compared to the baseline level (1961–1990) may cause an increased risk of both flooding and drought events in the basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., and Abdul-Aziz, O., 2012, Hydrological effects of the increased CO<sub>2</sub> and climate change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using a modified SWAT: Climatic Change, v. 110, no. 3-4, p. 977-1003, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"1003","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214003,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0087-8"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0577,28.9254 ], [ -104.0577,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,49.38 ], [ -80.5182,28.9254 ], [ -104.0577,28.9254 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"110","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36ace4b0c8380cd608e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Y.","contributorId":79312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abdul-Aziz, O. I.","contributorId":91700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abdul-Aziz","given":"O. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032572,"text":"70032572 - 2012 - Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T21:15:44.242628","indexId":"70032572","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada)","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\"><span>Nearly all of the spectrochemical studies involving Carboniferous&nbsp;foliage&nbsp;of seed-ferns are based on a limited number of pinnules, mainly compressions. In contrast, in this paper we illustrate working with a larger pinnate segment, i.e., a 22-cm long neuropteroid specimen, compression-preserved with cuticle, the compression map. The objective is to study preservation variability on a larger scale, where observation of transparency/opacity of constituent pinnules is used as a first approximation for assessing the degree of pinnule coalification/fossilization. Spectrochemical methods by&nbsp;Fourier transform&nbsp;infrared&nbsp;spectrometry&nbsp;furnish semi-quantitative data for&nbsp;</span>principal component analysis.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">The compression map shows a high degree of preservation variability, which ranges from comparatively more coalified pinnules to less coalified pinnules that resemble fossilized-cuticles, noting that the pinnule midveins are preserved more like fossilized-cuticles. A general overall trend of coalified pinnules towards fossilized-cuticles, i.e., variable chemistry, is inferred from the semi-quantitative FTIR data as higher contents of aromatic compounds occur in the visually more opaque upper location of the compression map. The latter also shows a higher condensation of the aromatic nuclei along with some variation in both ring size and degree of aromatic substitution. From principal component analysis we infer correspondence between transparency/opacity observation and chemical information which correlate with varying degree to fossilization/coalification among pinnules.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.009","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"D’Angelo, J.A., Zodrow, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2012, Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 90-91, p. 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.009"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nova Scotia","otherGeospatial":"Sydney Coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -60.75439453125,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.78662109375001,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.59912109375,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.85205078125,\n              42.85985981506279\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.26025390625,\n              45.874712248904764\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.75439453125,\n              47.15984001304432\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90-91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f946e4b0c8380cd4d536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Angelo, J. A.","contributorId":35133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Angelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":105788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032568,"text":"70032568 - 2012 - Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: Are resident birds a potential reservoir?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-26T16:46:49.55762","indexId":"70032568","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: Are resident birds a potential reservoir?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although wild waterfowl are the main reservoir for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIv), the environment plays a critical role for the circulation and persistence of AIv. LPAIv may persist for extended periods in cold environments, suggesting that waterfowl breeding areas in the northern hemisphere may be an important reservoir for AIv in contrast to the warmer southern wintering areas. We evaluated whether southern wetlands, with relatively small populations (thousands) of resident waterfowl, maintain AIv in the summer, prior to the arrival of millions of migratory birds. We collected water and fecal samples at ten wetlands in two regions (Yolo Bypass and Sacramento Valley) of the California Central Valley during three bi-weekly intervals beginning in late July, 2010. We detected AIv in 29/367 fecal samples (7.9%) and 12/597 water samples (2.0%) by matrix real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). We isolated two H3N8, two H2N3, and one H4N8 among rRT-PCR positive fecal samples but no live virus from water samples. Detection of AIv RNA in fecal samples was higher from wetlands in the Sacramento Valley (11.9%) than in the Yolo Bypass (0.0%), but no difference was found for water samples (2.7 vs. 1.7%, respectively). Our study showed that low densities of hosts and unfavorable environmental conditions did not prevent LPAIv circulation during summer in California wetlands. Our findings justify further investigations to understand AIv dynamics in resident waterfowl populations, compare AIv subtypes between migratory and resident waterfowl, and assess the importance of local AIv as a source of infection for migratory birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031471","usgsCitation":"Henaux, V., Samuel, M., Dusek, R., Fleskes, J., and Ip, H., 2012, Presence of avian influenza viruses in waterfowl and wetlands during summer 2010 in California: Are resident birds a potential reservoir?: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 2, e31471; 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031471.","productDescription":"e31471; 6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031996","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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V.","contributorId":12273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henaux","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":30203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, J. P.","contributorId":98661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ip, Hon S. 0000-0003-4844-7533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":15829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"Hon S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032480,"text":"70032480 - 2012 - Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T17:04:51.911188","indexId":"70032480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data","docAbstract":"<p><strong>1.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Life‐history theory predicts that those vital rates that make larger contributions to population growth rate ought to be more strongly buffered against environmental variability than are those that are less important. Despite the importance of the theory for predicting demographic responses to changes in the environment, it is not yet known how pervasive demographic buffering is in animal populations because the validity of most existing studies has been called into question because of methodological deficiencies.</p><p><strong>2.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>We tested for demographic buffering in the southern‐most breeding mammal population in the world using data collected from 5558 known‐age female Weddell seals over 30 years. We first estimated all vital rates simultaneously with mark–recapture analysis and then estimated process variance and covariance in those rates using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We next calculated the population growth rate’s sensitivity to changes in each of the vital rates and tested for evidence of demographic buffering by comparing properly scaled values of sensitivity and process variance in vital rates.</p><p><strong>3.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>We found evidence of positive process covariance between vital rates, which indicates that all vital rates are affected in the same direction by changes in annual environment. Despite the positive correlations, we found strong evidence that demographic buffering occurred through reductions in variation in the vital rates to which population growth rate was most sensitive. Process variation in vital rates was inversely related to sensitivity measures such that variation was greatest in breeding probabilities, intermediate for survival rates of young animals and lowest for survival rates of older animals.</p><p><strong>4.</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Our work contributes to a small but growing set of studies that have used rigorous methods on long‐term, detailed data to investigate demographic responses to environmental variation. The information from these studies improves our understanding of life‐history evolution in stochastic environments and provides useful information for predicting population responses to future environmental change. Our results for an Antarctic apex predator also provide useful baselines from a marine ecosystem when its top‐ and middle‐trophic levels were not substantially impacted by human activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Rotella, J., Link, W.A., Chambert, T., Stauffer, G., and Garrott, R., 2012, Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 162-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213722,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x"},{"id":241377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf6e4b0c8380cd52980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rotella, J.J.","contributorId":105828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotella","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambert, T.","contributorId":51102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambert","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, G.E.","contributorId":59253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrott, R.A.","contributorId":40705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrott","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032496,"text":"70032496 - 2012 - Evidence for earthquake triggering of large landslides in coastal Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T11:43:08","indexId":"70032496","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for earthquake triggering of large landslides in coastal Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Landslides are ubiquitous along the Oregon coast. Many are large, deep slides in sedimentary rock and are dormant or active only during the rainy season. Morphology, observed movement rates, and total movement suggest that many are at least several hundreds of years old. The offshore Cascadia subduction zone produces great earthquakes every 300–500 years that generate tsunami that inundate the coast within minutes. Many slides and slide-prone areas underlie tsunami evacuation and emergency response routes. We evaluated the likelihood of existing and future large rockslides being triggered by pore-water pressure increase or earthquake-induced ground motion using field observations and modeling of three typical slides. Monitoring for 2–9 years indicated that the rockslides reactivate when pore pressures exceed readily identifiable levels. Measurements of total movement and observed movement rates suggest that two of the rockslides are 296–336 years old (the third could not be dated). The most recent great Cascadia earthquake was M 9.0 and occurred during January 1700, while regional climatological conditions have been stable for at least the past 600 years. Hence, the estimated ages of the slides support earthquake ground motion as their triggering mechanism. Limit-equilibrium slope-stability modeling suggests that increased pore-water pressures could not trigger formation of the observed slides, even when accompanied by progressive strength loss. Modeling suggests that ground accelerations comparable to those recorded at geologically similar sites during the M 9.0, 11 March 2011 Japan Trench subduction-zone earthquake would trigger formation of the rockslides. Displacement modeling following the Newmark approach suggests that the rockslides would move only centimeters upon coseismic formation; however, coseismic reactivation of existing rockslides would involve meters of displacement. Our findings provide better understanding of the dynamic coastal bluff environment and hazards from future subduction-zone earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.026","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Schulz, W., Galloway, S., and Higgins, J., 2012, Evidence for earthquake triggering of large landslides in coastal Oregon, USA: Geomorphology, v. 141-142, p. 88-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.026.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.026"},{"id":241649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.61,42.0 ], [ -124.61,46.29 ], [ -116.46,46.29 ], [ -116.46,42.0 ], [ -124.61,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"141-142","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d3de4b0c8380cd52ec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, W.H.","contributorId":61225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, S.L.","contributorId":107945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, J.D.","contributorId":37154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032707,"text":"70032707 - 2012 - Determination of sediment provenance by unmixing the mineralogy of source-area sediments: The \"SedUnMix\" program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T19:47:59.186226","indexId":"70032707","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of sediment provenance by unmixing the mineralogy of source-area sediments: The \"SedUnMix\" program","docAbstract":"<p><span>Along the margins of areas such as Greenland and Baffin Bay, sediment composition reflects a complex mixture of sources associated with the transport of sediment in sea ice, icebergs, melt-water and turbidite plumes. Similar situations arise in many contexts associated with sediment transport and with the mixing of sediments from different source areas. The question is: can contributions from discrete sediment (bedrock) sources be distinguished in a mixed sediment by using mineralogy, and, if so, how accurately? To solve this problem, four end-member source sediments were mixed in various proportions to form eleven artificial mixtures. Two of the end-member sediments are felsic, and the other two have more mafic compositions. End member and mixed sediment mineralogies were measured for the &lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>mm sediment fractions by quantitative X-ray diffraction (qXRD). The proportions of source sediments in the mixtures then were calculated using an Excel macro program named SedUnMix, and the results were evaluated to determine the robustness of the algorithm. The program permits the unmixing of up to six end members, each of which can be represented by up to 5 alternative compositions, so as to better simulate variability within each source region. The results indicate that we can track the relative percentages of the four end members in the mixtures. We recommend, prior to applying the technique to down-core or to other provenance problems, that a suite of known, artificial mixtures of sediments from probable source areas be prepared, scanned, analyzed for quantitative mineralogy, and then analyzed by SedUnMix to check the sensitivity of the method for each specific unmixing problem.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2011.10.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Andrews, J.T., and Eberl, D.D., 2012, Determination of sediment provenance by unmixing the mineralogy of source-area sediments: The \"SedUnMix\" program: Marine Geology, v. 291-294, p. 24-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.10.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214080,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.10.007"}],"country":"Canada, Greenland","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              65.2198939361321\n            ],\n            [\n              -47.8125,\n              65.2198939361321\n            ],\n            [\n              -47.8125,\n              78.56048828398782\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              78.56048828398782\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.1328125,\n              65.2198939361321\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"291-294","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc3e4b0c8380cd4f3a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196558,"text":"70196558 - 2012 - Assessing freshwater habitat of adult anadromous alewives using multiple approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T10:30:50","indexId":"70196558","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing freshwater habitat of adult anadromous alewives using multiple approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>After centuries of disturbance, environmental professionals now recognize the need to restore coastal watersheds for native fish and protect the larger ecosystems on which fish and other aquatic biota depend. Anadromous fish species are an important component of coastal ecosystems that are often adversely affected by human activities. Restoring native anadromous fish species is a common focus of both fish and coastal watershed restoration. Yet restoration efforts have met with uneven success, often due to lack of knowledge about habitat availability and use. Using habitat surveys and radio tracking of adult anadromous alewives&nbsp;</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>during their spring spawning migration, we illustrate a method for quantifying habitat using multiple approaches and for relating mobile fish distribution to habitat. In the Ipswich River, Massachusetts, measuring habitat units and physical conditions at transects (width, depth, and velocity) provided an ecological basis for the interpretation of landscape patterns of fish distribution. Mapping habitat units allowed us to efficiently census habitat relevant to alewives for the entire 20.6 river kilometers of interest. Our transect data reinforced the results of the habitat unit survey and provided useful, high‐resolution ecological data for restoration efforts. Tagged alewives spent little time in riffle–run habitats and substantial time in pools, although the locations of pool occupancy varied. The insights we provide here can be used to (1) identify preferred habitats into which anadromous fish can be reintroduced in order to maximize fish survival and reproduction and (2) pinpoint habitat types in urgent need of protection or restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2012.675980","usgsCitation":"Mather, M.E., Frank, H.J., Smith, J.M., Cormier, R.D., Muth, R.M., and Finn, J.T., 2012, Assessing freshwater habitat of adult anadromous alewives using multiple approaches: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 188-200, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675980.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"200","ipdsId":"IP-024880","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2012.675980","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afef2c9e4b0da30c1bfc881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mather, Martha E. 0000-0003-3027-0215 mather@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-0215","contributorId":2580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"Martha","email":"mather@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, Holly J.","contributorId":86605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Joseph M.","contributorId":106712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17855,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cormier, Roxann D.","contributorId":204312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cormier","given":"Roxann","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muth, Robert M.","contributorId":41682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, John T.","contributorId":78302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70032402,"text":"70032402 - 2012 - Spatial interpolation schemes of daily precipitation for hydrologic modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T22:44:17.77653","indexId":"70032402","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3478,"text":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial interpolation schemes of daily precipitation for hydrologic modeling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Distributed hydrologic models typically require spatial estimates of precipitation interpolated from sparsely located observational points to the specific grid points. We compare and contrast the performance of regression-based statistical methods for the spatial estimation of precipitation in two hydrologically different basins and confirmed that widely used regression-based estimation schemes fail to describe the realistic spatial variability of daily precipitation field. The methods assessed are: (1) inverse distance weighted average; (2) multiple linear regression (MLR); (3) climatological MLR; and (4) locally weighted polynomial regression (LWP). In order to improve the performance of the interpolations, the authors propose a two-step regression technique for effective daily precipitation estimation. In this simple two-step estimation process, precipitation occurrence is first generated via a logistic regression model before estimate the amount of precipitation separately on wet days. This process generated the precipitation occurrence, amount, and spatial correlation effectively. A distributed hydrologic model (PRMS) was used for the impact analysis in daily time step simulation. Multiple simulations suggested noticeable differences between the input alternatives generated by three different interpolation schemes. Differences are shown in overall simulation error against the observations, degree of explained variability, and seasonal volumes. Simulated streamflows also showed different characteristics in mean, maximum, minimum, and peak flows. Given the same parameter optimization technique, LWP input showed least streamflow error in Alapaha basin and CMLR input showed least error (still very close to LWP) in Animas basin. All of the two-step interpolation inputs resulted in lower streamflow error compared to the directly interpolated inputs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00477-011-0509-1","issn":"14363240","usgsCitation":"Hwang, Y., Clark, M., Rajagopalan, B., and Leavesley, G.H., 2012, Spatial interpolation schemes of daily precipitation for hydrologic modeling: Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, v. 26, no. 2, p. 295-320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-011-0509-1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"320","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":214027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-011-0509-1"},{"id":241714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Durango, Statenville","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.0010986328125,\n              37.118716304960124\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.78961181640625,\n              37.118716304960124\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.78961181640625,\n              37.32102825630305\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0010986328125,\n              37.32102825630305\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0010986328125,\n              37.118716304960124\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.078369140625,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85888671875,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.85888671875,\n              32.519026027827515\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.078369140625,\n              32.519026027827515\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.078369140625,\n              30.637912028341123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9483e4b08c986b31ab31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hwang, Y.","contributorId":62034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M.R.","contributorId":88135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajagopalan, B.","contributorId":86947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leavesley, George H. george@usgs.gov","contributorId":1202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"George","email":"george@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70173431,"text":"70173431 - 2012 - Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T15:33:21","indexId":"70173431","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2038,"text":"International Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Natural stream channel design principles and riparian restoration practices were applied during spring 2010 to an agriculturally impaired reach of the Cacapon River, a tributary of the Potomac River which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled from the restoration reach, two degraded control, and two natural reference reaches prior to, concurrently with, and following restoration (2009 through 2010). Collector filterers and scrapers replaced collector gatherers as the dominant macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in the restoration reach. Before restoration, based on indices of biotic integrity (IBI), the restoration reach fish and macroinvertebrate communities closely resembled those sampled from the control reaches, and after restoration more closely resembled those from the reference reaches. Although the macroinvertebrate community responded more favorably than the fish community, both communities recovered quickly from the temporary impairment caused by the disturbance of restoration procedures and suggest rapid improvement in local ecological conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi","doi":"10.1155/2012/753634","usgsCitation":"Selego, S.M., Rose, C.L., Merovich, G.T., Welsh, S., and Anderson, J.T., 2012, Community-level response of fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates to stream restoration in a third-order tributary of the Potomac River, USA: International Journal of Ecology, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033561","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/753634","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323786,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Cacopon River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.31329345703125,\n              39.63319206567459\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.40118408203125,\n              39.51887357127223\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.45474243164062,\n              39.4637641090409\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.41972351074217,\n              39.40648882684979\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4284782409668,\n              39.385396487400136\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4430694580078,\n              39.35447606884594\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4430694580078,\n              39.32951742518054\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4698486328125,\n              39.25565142103586\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.50830078125,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.57284545898438,\n              39.13165814852468\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.60237121582031,\n              39.087702513518906\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.61953735351562,\n              39.08690306641833\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.6346435546875,\n              39.09090021130993\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.63258361816406,\n              39.08077367095698\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.61473083496094,\n              39.074377212242275\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5848617553711,\n              39.07597638128319\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.541259765625,\n              39.11674294565931\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4478759765625,\n              39.22693426244916\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42796325683594,\n              39.28488829286195\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.39637756347656,\n              39.408345708488824\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.32565307617186,\n              39.54005788576377\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.26522827148438,\n              39.620499321968104\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31329345703125,\n              39.63319206567459\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb2e4b07657d19ba75e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selego, Stephen M.","contributorId":172039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selego","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Charnee L.","contributorId":172040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Charnee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merovich, George T. Jr.","contributorId":172041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merovich","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, James T.","contributorId":28071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70168797,"text":"70168797 - 2012 - Olympic Fisher Reintroduction Project: Progress report 2008-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T13:01:13","indexId":"70168797","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Olympic Fisher Reintroduction Project: Progress report 2008-2011","docAbstract":"This progress report summarizes the final year of activities of Phase I of the Olympic fisher restoration project. The intent of the Olympic fisher reintroduction project is to reestablish a self-sustaining population of fishers on the Olympic Peninsula. To achieve this goal, the Olympic fisher reintroduction project released 90 fishers within Olympic National Park from 2008 to 2010. The reintroduction of fishers to the Olympic Peninsula was designed as an adaptive management project, including the monitoring of released fishers as a means to (1) evaluate reintroduction success, (2) investigate key biological and ecological traits of fishers, and (3) inform future reintroduction, monitoring, and research efforts.\r\nThis report summarizes reintroduction activities and preliminary research and monitoring results completed through December 2011. The report is non-interpretational in nature. Although we report the status of movement, survival, and home range components of the research, we have not completed final analyses and interpretation of research results. Much of the data collected during the monitoring and research project will be analyzed and interpreted in the doctoral dissertation being developed by Jeff Lewis; the completion of this dissertation is anticipated prior to April 2013. We anticipate that this work, and analyses of other data collected during the project, will result in several peer-reviewed scientific publications in ecological and conservation journals, which collectively will comprise the final reporting of work summarized here. These publications will include papers addressing post-release movements, survival, resource selection, food habits, and age determination of fishers.","language":"English","publisher":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife ","usgsCitation":"Jeffrey C. Lewis, Happe, P.J., Jenkins, K.J., and Manson, D.J., 2012, Olympic Fisher Reintroduction Project: Progress report 2008-2011, 18 p. .","productDescription":"18 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-045399","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":318529,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/01393/wdfw01393.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c5e4b01ccd54fddfe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeffrey C. Lewis","contributorId":167311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffrey C. Lewis","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Happe, Patti J.","contributorId":167312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Happe","given":"Patti","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":621787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manson, David J.","contributorId":149635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7237,"text":"NPS, Olympic National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":621790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032386,"text":"70032386 - 2012 - Application of a weighted-averaging method for determining paleosalinity: a tool for restoration of south Florida's estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T22:28:07","indexId":"70032386","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a weighted-averaging method for determining paleosalinity: a tool for restoration of south Florida's estuaries","docAbstract":"A molluscan analogue dataset is presented in conjunction with a weighted-averaging technique as a tool for estimating past salinity patterns in south Florida’s estuaries and developing targets for restoration based on these reconstructions. The method, here referred to as cumulative weighted percent (CWP), was tested using modern surficial samples collected in Florida Bay from sites located near fixed water monitoring stations that record salinity. The results were calibrated using species weighting factors derived from examining species occurrence patterns. A comparison of the resulting calibrated species-weighted CWP (SW-CWP) to the observed salinity at the water monitoring stations averaged over a 3-year time period indicates, on average, the SW-CWP comes within less than two salinity units of estimating the observed salinity. The SW-CWP reconstructions were conducted on a core from near the mouth of Taylor Slough to illustrate the application of the method.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9441-3","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G., and Hudley, J., 2012, Application of a weighted-averaging method for determining paleosalinity: a tool for restoration of south Florida's estuaries: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 1, p. 262-280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9441-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":563,"text":"South Florida Information Access","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9441-3"},{"id":241438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.63,24.52 ], [ -87.63,31.0 ], [ -80.0,31.0 ], [ -80.0,24.52 ], [ -87.63,24.52 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8be4b0c8380cd49325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudley, J.W.","contributorId":18872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudley","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032499,"text":"70032499 - 2012 - Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T16:46:54.8807","indexId":"70032499","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Identification of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), can be a time-consuming and costly investment requiring enrichment, cloning, and sequencing of candidate loci. Recently, however, high throughput sequencing (with or without prior enrichment for specific SSR loci) has been utilized to identify SSR loci. The direct “Seq-to-SSR” approach has an advantage over enrichment-based strategies in that it does not require&nbsp;</span><i>a priori</i><span>&nbsp;selection of particular motifs, or prior knowledge of genomic SSR content. It has been more expensive per SSR locus recovered, however, particularly for genomes with few SSR loci, such as bird genomes. The longer but relatively more expensive 454 reads have been preferred over less expensive Illumina reads. Here, we use Illumina paired-end sequence data to identify potentially amplifiable SSR loci (PALs) from a snake (the Burmese python,&nbsp;</span><i>Python molurus bivittatus</i><span>), and directly compare these results to those from 454 data. We also compare the python results to results from Illumina sequencing of two bird genomes (Gunnison Sage-grouse,&nbsp;</span><i>Centrocercus minimus</i><span>, and Clark's Nutcracker,&nbsp;</span><i>Nucifraga columbiana</i><span>), which have considerably fewer SSRs than the python. We show that direct Illumina Seq-to-SSR can identify and characterize thousands of potentially amplifiable SSR loci for as little as $10 per sample – a fraction of the cost of 454 sequencing. Given that Illumina Seq-to-SSR is effective, inexpensive, and reliable even for species such as birds that have few SSR loci, it seems that there are now few situations for which prior hybridization is justifiable.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0030953","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Castoe, T., Poole, A., de Koning, A., Jones, K., Tomback, D., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J.A., Lance, S., Streicher, J., Smith, E., and Pollock, D., 2012, Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 2, e30953, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953.","productDescription":"e30953, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474679,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953"},{"id":241684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94f3e4b0c8380cd81700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castoe, T.A.","contributorId":78951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castoe","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poole, A.W.","contributorId":86181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Koning, A. P. J.","contributorId":89363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Koning","given":"A. P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, K.L.","contributorId":102024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomback, D.F.","contributorId":91805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomback","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823 fikej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":140875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lance, S.L.","contributorId":45414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lance","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Streicher, J.W.","contributorId":30462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streicher","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, E.N.","contributorId":42796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollock, D.D.","contributorId":28081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70032476,"text":"70032476 - 2012 - Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T17:18:14.687551","indexId":"70032476","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">While the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate has successfully been used to address the effects of global climate change on the hydrologic cycle, detailed regional paleohydrologic studies are lacking. Since the hydrologic cycle can vary extensively on local or regional scales due to events such as such as mountain building, and since pedogenic carbonates (calcite) form in a narrow moisture regime, other proxies, such as vertebrate remains, must be used to decipher local<span>&nbsp;</span><i>versus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>regional variations in paleohydrology. In this study, the oxygen isotopic composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub>) of phosphatic remains from a diverse set of vertebrate fossils (fish, turtles, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and micro-mammals) from the Mussentuchit Member (MM) of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA (Aptian to Cenomanian) are analyzed in order to determine differences among the available water reservoirs and water utilization of each taxon. Calculated changes in water reservoir δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>over time are then used to determine the effects of the incursion of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) and the Sevier Mountains on paleohydrology during the MM time.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">Calculation of δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>from the results of isotopic analysis of phosphate oxygen suggests that turtles and crocodiles serve as another proxy for meteoric water δ<sup>18</sup>O that can be used as a measure of average local precipitation δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>similar to pedogenic calcite. Pedogenic calcites can be slightly biased toward higher values, however, due to their formation during evaporative conditions. Turtles and crocodiles can be used in place of pedogenic calcite in environments that are not conducive to pedogenic carbonate formation. Remains of fish with rounded tooth morphology have δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that predict temperatures consistent with other estimates of mean annual temperature for this latitude and time. The δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of ganoid scales and teeth with pointed morphology, however, indicates that these skeletal materials were precipitated from water that is<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O-enriched due to migration to either evaporatively enriched water, or<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O-enriched estuarine waters of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS). Another possibility that cannot be discounted and assuming all morphological remains are from the same taxon, is that the pointed teeth and ganoid scales precipitated at different temperatures than rounded teeth. Mammal and herbivorous dinosaur δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>p</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>suggests they primarily drank isotopically depleted river water. Co-existence of crocodiles, turtles, and mammals allows for calculation of relative humidity from site to site and these calculations suggest humidity averaged ~&nbsp;58% and ranged between ~&nbsp;42% and ~&nbsp;76%.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values estimated from semi-aquatic taxa and pedogenic calcite suggest dominance of WIS-derived moisture during their growth. Herbivorous dinosaurs particularly indicate that altitude and catchment effects from the Sevier Mountains are seemingly important for river water δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the fall through early spring. These data suggest that temporal changes in the isotopic composition of the MM fauna are produced by the small-scale regressive–transgressive cycles of the WIS.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Suarez, C., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G., Cifelli, R., and Tremain, E., 2012, Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 313-314, p. 78-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Mountain Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.4512939453125,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0777587890625,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.0777587890625,\n              40.79301881008675\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.4512939453125,\n              40.79301881008675\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.4512939453125,\n              40.250184183819854\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"313-314","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccc4e4b08c986b32dcfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, C.A.","contributorId":80089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, G.A.","contributorId":90528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cifelli, R.L.","contributorId":52798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cifelli","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tremain, E.","contributorId":73416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremain","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032262,"text":"70032262 - 2012 - Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T19:37:07.184022","indexId":"70032262","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite the popular view that social predators live in groups because group hunting facilitates prey capture, the apparent tendency for hunting success to peak at small group sizes suggests that the formation of large groups is unrelated to prey capture. Few empirical studies, however, have tested for nonlinear relationships between hunting success and group size, and none have demonstrated why success trails off after peaking. Here, we use a unique dataset of observations of individually known wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) hunting elk (</span><i>Cervus elaphus</i><span>) in Yellowstone National Park to show that the relationship between success and group size is indeed nonlinear and that individuals withholding effort (free riding) is why success does not increase across large group sizes. Beyond 4 wolves, hunting success leveled off, and individual performance (a measure of effort) decreased for reasons unrelated to interference from inept hunters, individual age, or size. But performance did drop faster among wolves with an incentive to hold back, i.e., nonbreeders with no dependent offspring, those performing dangerous predatory tasks, i.e., grabbing and restraining prey, and those in groups of proficient hunters. These results suggest that decreasing performance was free riding and that was why success leveled off in groups with &gt;4 wolves that had superficially appeared to be cooperating. This is the first direct evidence that nonlinear trends in group hunting success reflect a switch from cooperation to free riding. It also highlights how hunting success per se is unlikely to promote formation and maintenance of large groups.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arr159","issn":"10452249","usgsCitation":"MacNulty, D., Smith, D., Mech, L.D., Vucetich, J., and Packer, C., 2012, Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk: Behavioral Ecology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr159.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474823,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr159","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr159"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National  Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.64355468749999,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.64355468749999,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6783e4b0c8380cd7337f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, J.A.","contributorId":36098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Packer, C.","contributorId":45532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032224,"text":"70032224 - 2012 - Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T22:46:11.980694","indexId":"70032224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996–97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were all present in high concentrations in effluent from Spring Creek Reservoir (SCR), which enters into the Sacramento River in the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir. SCR was constructed in part to regulate the flow of acidic, metal-rich waters draining the IMM Superfund site. Although virtually all of these metals exist in SCR in the dissolved form, upon entering Keswick Reservoir they at least partially converted via precipitation and/or adsorption to the particulate phase. In spite of this, few of the metals settled out; instead the vast majority was transported colloidally down the Sacramento River at least to Bend Bridge, 67&nbsp;km from Keswick Dam.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">The geochemical influence of IMM on the upper Sacramento River was variable, chiefly dependent on the flow of Spring Creek. Although the average flow of the Sacramento River at Keswick Dam is 250&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s (cubic meters per second), even flows as low as 0.3&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>/s from Spring Creek were sufficient to account for more than 15% of the metals loading at Bend Bridge, and these proportions increased with increasing Spring Creek flow.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The dissolved proportion of the total bioavailable load was dependent on the element but steadily decreased for all metals, from near 100% in Spring Creek to values (for some elements) of less than 1% at Bend Bridge; failure to account for the suspended sediment load in assessments of the effect of metals transport in the Sacramento River can result in estimates which are low by as much as a factor of 100.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Taylor, H.E., and Alpers, C.N., 2012, Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir: Chemical Geology, v. 298-299, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214792,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              40.317231732315236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              40.317231732315236\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              41.47566020027821\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.20068359374999,\n              40.317231732315236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"298-299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028de4b0c8380cd500ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032280,"text":"70032280 - 2012 - Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:25","indexId":"70032280","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline","docAbstract":"Animals use proximate cues to select resources that maximize individual fitness. When animals have a diverse array of available habitats, those selected could give insights into true habitat preferences. Since the construction of the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River in North Dakota, Lake Sakakawea (SAK) has become an important breeding area for federally threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus; hereafter plovers). We used conditional logistic regression to examine nest-site selection at fine scales (1, 3, and 10 m) during summers 2006-2009 by comparing characteristics at 351 nests to those of 668 random sites within nesting territories. Plovers selected sites (1 m  2) that were lower than unused random sites, increasing the risk of nest inundation. Plovers selected nest sites that were flat, had little silt, and at least 1 cobble; they also selected for 3-m radius nest areas that were relatively flat and devoid of vegetation and litter. Ninety percent of nests had &lt;38% coverage of silt and &lt;10% slope at the site, and &lt;15% coverage of vegetation or litter and &lt;31% slope within the 3-m radius. Gravel was selected for at nest sites (11% median), but against in the area 10-m from the nest, suggesting plovers select for patches or strips of gravel. Although elevation is rarely evaluated in studies of ground-nesting birds, our results underscore its importance in habitat-selection studies. Relative to where plovers historically nested, habitat at SAK has more diverse topography, substrate composition, vegetation communities, and greater water-level fluctuations. Accordingly, our results provide an example of how habitat-selection results can be interpreted as habitat preferences because they are not influenced by desired habitats being scarce or absent. Further, our results will be useful for directing habitat conservation for plovers and interpreting other habitat-selection studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., Sherfy, M., and Wiltermuth, M., 2012, Selection indicates preference in diverse habitats: A Ground-Nesting bird (charadrius melodus) using reservoir shoreline: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474675,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214665,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030347"},{"id":242410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ccbe4b08c986b318129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherfy, M. H. 0000-0003-3016-4105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":42561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"M. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiltermuth, M.T.","contributorId":38791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltermuth","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032326,"text":"70032326 - 2012 - Histopathology confirms white-nose syndrome in bats in Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T13:39:22.255018","indexId":"70032326","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathology confirms white-nose syndrome in bats in Europe","docAbstract":"<p>White-nose syndrome, associated with the fungal skin infection geomycosis, caused regional population collapse in bats in North America. Our results, based on histopathology, show the presence of white-nose syndrome in Europe. Dermatohistopathology on two bats (Myotis myotis) found dead in March 2010 with geomycosis in the Czech Republic had characteristics resembling Geomyces destructans infection in bats confirmed with white-nose syndrome in US hibernacula. In addition, a live M. myotis, biopsied for histopathology during hibernation in April 2011, had typical fungal infection with cupping erosion and invasion of muzzle skin diagnostic for white-nose syndrome and conidiospores identical to G. destructans that were genetically confirmed as G. destructans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.207","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Pikula, J., Bandouchova, H., Novotny, L., Meteyer, C.U., Zukal, J., Irwin, N., Zima, J., and Martinkova, N., 2012, Histopathology confirms white-nose syndrome in bats in Europe: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 48, no. 1, p. 207-211, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.207.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.207","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3157e4b0c8380cd5de3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pikula, J.","contributorId":32409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pikula","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bandouchova, H.","contributorId":25418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandouchova","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novotny, L.","contributorId":69022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":127748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zukal, J.","contributorId":33591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zukal","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Irwin, N.R.","contributorId":55290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zima, J.","contributorId":60504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zima","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Martinkova, N.","contributorId":96969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinkova","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70032257,"text":"70032257 - 2012 - Towards sustainable groundwater use: Setting long-term goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T19:54:21.85666","indexId":"70032257","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards sustainable groundwater use: Setting long-term goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively","docAbstract":"<p>The sustainability of crucial earth resources, such as groundwater, is a critical issue. We consider groundwater sustainability a value‐driven process of intra‐ and intergenerational equity that balances the environment, society, and economy. Synthesizing hydrogeological science and current sustainability concepts, we emphasize three sustainability approaches: setting multigenerational sustainability goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively. As most aquifer problems are long‐term problems, we propose that multigenerational goals (50 to 100 years) for water quantity and quality that acknowledge the connections between groundwater, surface water, and ecosystems be set for many aquifers. The goals should be set by a watershed‐ or aquifer‐based community in an inclusive and participatory manner. Policies for shorter time horizons should be developed by backcasting, and measures implemented through adaptive management to achieve the long‐term goals. Two case histories illustrate the importance and complexity of a multigenerational perspective and adaptive management. These approaches could transform aquifer depletion and contamination to more sustainable groundwater use, providing groundwater for current and future generations while protecting ecological integrity and resilience.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00825.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Gleeson, T., Alley, W., Allen, D., Sophocleous, M., Zhou, Y., Taniguchi, M., and Vandersteen, J., 2012, Towards sustainable groundwater use: Setting long-term goals, backcasting, and managing adaptively: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 1, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00825.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214793,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00825.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5c1e4b08c986b32689f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gleeson, T.","contributorId":40014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleeson","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alley, W.M.","contributorId":6853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, D.M.","contributorId":51696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.A.","contributorId":18032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhou, Y.","contributorId":70526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taniguchi, M.","contributorId":66081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taniguchi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vandersteen, J.","contributorId":62037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandersteen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032312,"text":"70032312 - 2012 - Interlaboratory comparison of real-time pcr protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T16:57:30.859254","indexId":"70032312","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interlaboratory comparison of real-time pcr protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria","docAbstract":"<p>The application of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technologies for the rapid identification of fecal bacteria in environmental waters is being considered for use as a national water quality metric in the United States. The transition from research tool to a standardized protocol requires information on the reproducibility and sources of variation associated with qPCR methodology across laboratories. This study examines interlaboratory variability in the measurement of enterococci and Bacteroidales concentrations from standardized, spiked, and environmental sources of DNA using the Entero1a and GenBac3 qPCR methods, respectively. Comparisons are based on data generated from eight different research facilities. Special attention was placed on the influence of the DNA isolation step and effect of simplex and multiplex amplification approaches on interlaboratory variability. Results suggest that a crude lysate is sufficient for DNA isolation unless environmental samples contain substances that can inhibit qPCR amplification. No appreciable difference was observed between simplex and multiplex amplification approaches. Overall, interlaboratory variability levels remained low (&lt;10% coefficient of variation) regardless of qPCR protocol.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es2031455","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Shanks, O., Sivaganesan, M., Peed, L., Kelty, C., Blackwood, A., Greene, M., Noble, R., Bushon, R.N., Stelzer, E.A., Kinzelman, J., Anan'Eva, T., Sinigalliano, C., Wanless, D., Griffith, J., Cao, Y., Weisberg, S., Harwood, V., Staley, C., Oshima, K., Varma, M., and Haugland, R., 2012, Interlaboratory comparison of real-time pcr protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 945-953, https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031455.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"945","endPage":"953","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214668,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es2031455"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d24e4b0c8380cd63322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, O.C.","contributorId":11076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"O.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sivaganesan, M.","contributorId":83805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivaganesan","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peed, L.","contributorId":82192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peed","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelty, C.A.","contributorId":40091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelty","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackwood, A.D.","contributorId":43237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Greene, M.R.","contributorId":96723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Noble, R.T.","contributorId":60452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kinzelman, J.","contributorId":43584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzelman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Anan'Eva, T.","contributorId":33993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anan'Eva","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sinigalliano, C.","contributorId":31270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinigalliano","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wanless, D.","contributorId":48836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanless","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Griffith, J.","contributorId":6686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Cao, Y.","contributorId":29991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Weisberg, S.","contributorId":99775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Harwood, V.J.","contributorId":58528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Staley, C.","contributorId":11077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Oshima, K.H.","contributorId":96165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oshima","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Varma, M.","contributorId":26588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varma","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Haugland, R.A.","contributorId":77010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugland","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70032251,"text":"70032251 - 2012 - Petroleum prospectivity of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T21:17:52.831554","indexId":"70032251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petroleum prospectivity of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">Reconnaissance seismic reflection data indicate that Canada Basin is a &gt;700,000 sq. km. remnant of the Amerasia Basin of the Arctic Ocean that lies south of the Alpha-Mendeleev Large Igneous Province, which was constructed across the northern part of the Amerasia Basin between about 127 and 89–83.5&nbsp;Ma. Canada Basin was filled by Early Jurassic to Holocene detritus from the Beaufort–Mackenzie Deltaic System, which drains the northern third of interior North America, with sizable contributions from Alaska and Northwest Canada. The basin contains roughly 5 or 6 million cubic km of sediment. Three fourths or more of this volume generates low amplitude seismic reflections, interpreted to represent hemipelagic deposits, which contain lenses to extensive interbeds of moderate amplitude reflections interpreted to represent unconfined turbidite and amalgamated channel deposits.</p><p id=\"abspara0015\">Extrapolation from Arctic Alaska and Northwest Canada suggests that three fourths of the section in Canada Basin is correlative with stratigraphic sequences in these areas that contain intervals of hydrocarbon source rocks. In addition, worldwide heat flow averages suggest that about two thirds of Canada Basin lies in the oil or gas windows. Structural, stratigraphic and combined structural and stratigraphic features of local to regional occurrence offer exploration targets in Canada Basin, and at least one of these contains bright spots. However, deep water (to almost 4000&nbsp;m), remoteness from harbors and markets, and thick accumulations of seasonal to permanent sea ice (until its possible removal by global warming later this century) will require the discovery of very large deposits for commercial success in most parts of Canada Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.001","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., and Hart, P.E., 2012, Petroleum prospectivity of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 126-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.001.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-024561","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.001"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              71.30079291637452\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.859375,\n              67.33986082559095\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              67.47492238478702\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.57812500000001,\n              78.56048828398782\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.0859375,\n              83.599030708362\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.15625000000001,\n              84.77052832075908\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.859375,\n              83.52016238353205\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.8828125,\n              73.92246884621463\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.68749999999997,\n              71.30079291637452\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77fce4b0c8380cd785e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, Arthur agrantz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"Arthur","email":"agrantz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032247,"text":"70032247 - 2012 - Legacies of flood reduction on a dryland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T21:53:52.636626","indexId":"70032247","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Legacies of flood reduction on a dryland river","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Bill Williams (Arizona) is a regulated dryland river that is being managed, in part, for biodiversity via flow management. To inform management, we contrasted riparian plant communities between the Bill Williams and an upstream free‐flowing tributary (Santa Maria). Goals of a first study (1996–1997) were to identify environmental controls on herbaceous species richness and compare richness among forest types. Analyses revealed that herbaceous species richness was negatively related to woody stem density, basal area and litter cover and positively related to light levels. Introduced&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;spp. was more frequent at the Bill Williams, but all three main forest types (</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Salix/Populus</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Prosopis</i><span>) had low understory richness, as well as high stem density and low light, on the Bill Williams as compared to the Santa Maria. The few edaphic differences between rivers (higher salinity at Bill Williams) had only weak connections with richness. A second study (2006–2007) focused on floristic richness at larger spatial scales. It revealed that during spring, and for the study cumulatively (spring and fall samplings combined), the riparian zone of the unregulated river had considerably more plant species. Annuals (vs. herbaceous perennials and woody species) showed the largest between‐river difference. Relative richness of exotic (vs. native) species did not differ. We conclude that: (1) The legacy of reduced scouring frequency and extent at the Bill Williams has reduced the open space available for colonization by annuals; and (2) Change in forest biomass structure, more so than change in forest composition, is the major driver of changes in plant species richness along this flow‐altered river. Our study informs dryland river management options by revealing trade‐offs that exist between forest biomass structure and plant species richness.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1449","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Stromberg, J., Shafroth, P., and Hazelton, A., 2012, Legacies of flood reduction on a dryland river: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 2, p. 143-159, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1449.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"159","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214630,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1449"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"The Bill Wllliams","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.2852783203125,\n              34.20271636159618\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4063720703125,\n              34.20271636159618\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4063720703125,\n              34.36611072883117\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2852783203125,\n              34.36611072883117\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2852783203125,\n              34.20271636159618\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a463be4b0c8380cd675d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hazelton, A.F.","contributorId":74216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazelton","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032252,"text":"70032252 - 2012 - Patterns of metal composition and biological condition and their association in male common carp across an environmental contaminant gradient in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T21:07:57.169804","indexId":"70032252","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of metal composition and biological condition and their association in male common carp across an environmental contaminant gradient in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>There is a contaminant gradient in Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LMNRA) that is partly driven by municipal and industrial runoff and wastewater inputs via Las Vegas Wash (LVW). Adult male common carp (</span><i>Cyprinus carpio</i><span>; 10 fish/site) were collected from LVW, Las Vegas Bay (receiving LVW flow), Overton Arm (OA, upstream reference), and Willow Beach (WB, downstream) in March 2008. Discriminant function analysis was used to describe differences in metal concentrations and biological condition of fish collected from the four study sites, and canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between metal and biological traits. Metal concentrations were determined in whole-body extracts. Of 63 metals screened, those initially used in the statistical analysis were Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Fe, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn. Biological variables analyzed included total length (TL), Fulton's condition factor, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hematocrit (Hct), and plasma estradiol-17β and 11-ketotestosterone (11kt) concentrations. Analysis of metal composition and biological condition both yielded strong discrimination of fish by site (respective canonical model,&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.0001). Compared to OA, pairwise Mahalanobis distances between group means were WB</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>LVB</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>LVW for metal concentrations and LVB</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>WB</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>LVW for biological traits. Respective primary drivers for these separations were Ag, As, Ba, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn; and TL, GSI, 11kt, and Hct. Canonical correlation analysis using the latter variable sets showed they are significantly associated (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.0003); with As, Ba, Hg, and Zn, and TL, 11kt, and Hct being the primary contributors to the association. In conclusion, male carp collected along a contaminant gradient in LMNRA have distinct, collection site-dependent metal and morpho-physiological profiles that are significantly associated with each other. These associations suggest that fish health and reproductive condition (as measured by the biological variables evaluated in this study) are influenced by levels of certain metals in the Lake Mead environment.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.082","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Patino, R., Rosen, M.R., Orsak, E., Goodbred, S.L., May, T.W., Alvarez, D.A., Echols, K.R., Wieser, C.M., Ruessler, S., and Torres, L., 2012, Patterns of metal composition and biological condition and their association in male common carp across an environmental contaminant gradient in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada and Arizona, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 416, p. 215-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.082.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"224","ipdsId":"IP-032268","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.082"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.89776611328125,\n              35.38457160381764\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              35.38457160381764\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              36.602299135790446\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.89776611328125,\n              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mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orsak, E.L.","contributorId":54028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsak","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. 0000-0002-6918-2709 dalvarez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-2709","contributorId":1369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wieser, Carla M. 0000-0002-4342-444X cwieser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-444X","contributorId":3682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieser","given":"Carla","email":"cwieser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruessler, Shane druessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruessler","given":"Shane","email":"druessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":435250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Torres, L.","contributorId":28089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70032254,"text":"70032254 - 2012 - Wildfire impacts on the processes that generate debris flows in burned watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T20:47:57.864584","indexId":"70032254","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire impacts on the processes that generate debris flows in burned watersheds","docAbstract":"<p>E<span>very year, and in many countries worldwide, wildfires cause significant damage and economic losses due to both the direct effects of the fires and the subsequent accelerated runoff, erosion, and debris flow. Wildfires can have profound effects on the hydrologic response of watersheds by changing the infiltration characteristics and erodibility of the soil, which leads to decreased rainfall infiltration, significantly increased overland flow and runoff in channels, and movement of soil. Debris-flow activity is among the most destructive consequences of these changes, often causing extensive damage to human infrastructure. Data from the Mediterranean area and Western United States of America help identify the primary processes that result in debris flows in recently burned areas. Two primary processes for the initiation of fire-related debris flows have been so far identified: (1) runoff-dominated erosion by surface overland flow; and (2) infiltration-triggered failure and mobilization of a discrete landslide mass. The first process is frequently documented immediately post-fire and leads to the generation of debris flows through progressive bulking of storm runoff with sediment eroded from the hillslopes and channels. As sediment is incorporated into water, runoff can convert to debris flow. The conversion to debris flow may be observed at a position within a drainage network that appears to be controlled by threshold values of upslope contributing area and its gradient. At these locations, sufficient eroded material has been incorporated, relative to the volume of contributing surface runoff, to generate debris flows. Debris flows have also been generated from burned basins in response to increased runoff by water cascading over a steep, bedrock cliff, and incorporating material from readily erodible colluvium or channel bed. Post-fire debris flows have also been generated by infiltration-triggered landslide failures which then mobilize into debris flows. However, only 12% of documented cases exhibited this process. When they do occur, the landslide failures range in thickness from a few tens of centimeters to more than 6&nbsp;m, and generally involve the soil and colluvium-mantled hillslopes. Surficial landslide failures in burned areas most frequently occur in response to prolonged periods of storm rainfall, or prolonged rainfall in combination with rapid snowmelt or rain-on-snow events.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11069-011-9769-9","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Parise, M., and Cannon, S.H., 2012, Wildfire impacts on the processes that generate debris flows in burned watersheds: Natural Hazards, v. 61, no. 1, p. 217-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9769-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9769-9"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0cde4b08c986b32f088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parise, M.","contributorId":82486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parise","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}