{"pageNumber":"1679","pageRowStart":"41950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":1001126,"text":"1001126 - 1994 - Nesting waterfowl and other water birds on islands in western Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:05:53","indexId":"1001126","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2632,"text":"Loon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting waterfowl and other water birds on islands in western Minnesota","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Loon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., 1994, Nesting waterfowl and other water birds on islands in western Minnesota: Loon, v. 66, no. 1, p. 38-41.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001125,"text":"1001125 - 1994 - Potential effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on avian habitats and populations in the northern Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:18:51","indexId":"1001125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on avian habitats and populations in the northern Great Plains","docAbstract":"Biotic response to the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere is considerably more complex than an adjustment to changing temperature and precipitation. The fertilization effect carbon dioxide has on some plants, the impact UVB radiation has on health and productivity of organisms, and the resulting changes in competitive balance and trophic structure must also be considered. The intent of this paper is to review direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on wildlife, and to explore possible effects on populations of birds and their habitats in the northern Great Plains.Many of the potential effects of increasing greenhouse gases, such as declining plant nutritional value, changes in timing of insect emergence, and fewer and saltier wetlands, foreshadow a decline in avian populations on the Great Plains. However, other possible effects such as increased drought resistance and water use efficiency of vegetation, longer growing seasons, and greater overall plant biomass promise at least some mitigation. Effects of multiple simultaneous perturbations such as can be expected under doubled carbon dioxide scenarios will require substantial basic research to clarify.","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.2307/2426259","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., 1994, Potential effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on avian habitats and populations in the northern Great Plains: American Midland Naturalist, v. 131, no. 2, p. 330-346, https://doi.org/10.2307/2426259.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6838e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015809,"text":"1015809 - 1994 - Vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and associated epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:58","indexId":"1015809","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and associated epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"A one-person submersible was used to examine the vertical distribution of the deep-water moss\r\nDrepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst in Crater Lake (Oregon). Living specimens were found\r\nattached to sediment and rocks at depths between 25 m and 140 m. Dense beds of the moss\r\nwere observed at depths between 30 m and 80 m, a region that corresponded roughly to the\r\nzone of maximum primary production by phytoplankton. The moss population supported a diverse\r\nassemblage of epiphytic algae, of which the most abundant genera included Cladophora,Oedogonium, Rhizoclonium, Tribonema, Vaucheria, and the diatoms Cocconeis,\r\nCymbella, Epithemia, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Melosira, Navicula, and Synedra. Chemical and\r\nphysical data supported the hypothesis that the lower limit of distribution of the moss is\r\ndetermined by light limitation, whereas the upper limit is related to the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrate-nitrogen and trace elements. Deep-water videotapes of the moss population indicated that D. aduncus with its epiphytic algae was abundant enough in regions associated with the metalimnion and upper hypolimnion to have a potential influence on the nutrient dynamics of the Crater Lake ecosystem. Although the maximum depth at which living bryophytes occur in Crater Lake is similar to that found for Lake Tahoe, conditions in Lake Tahoe allow the growth and survival of a much more diverse assemblage of bryophytes and charophytes than is present in Crater Lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"McIntire, C.D., Phinney, H., Larson, G.L., and Buktenica, M., 1994, Vertical distribution of a deep-water moss and associated epiphytes in Crater Lake, Oregon: Northwest Science, v. 68, no. 1, p. 11-21.","productDescription":"p. 11-21","startPage":"11","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6021c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phinney, H.K.","contributorId":30961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222738,"text":"5222738 - 1994 - Flock sizes and sex ratios of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:43:20.632391","indexId":"5222738","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flock sizes and sex ratios of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>Knowledge of the distribution, size, and sex ratios of flocks of wintering canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>) is fundamental to understanding the species' winter ecology and providing guidelines for management. Consequently, in winter 1986-87, we conducted 4 monthly aerial photographic surveys to investigate temporal changes in distribution, size, and sex ratios of canvasback flocks in traditional wintering areas of Chesapeake Bay and coastal North Carolina. Surveys yielded 35mm imagery of 194,664 canvasbacks in 842 flocks. Models revealed monthly patterns of flock size in North Carolina and Virginia, but no pattern of change in Maryland. A stepwise analysis of flock size and sex ratio fit a common positive slope (increasing proportion male) for all state-month datasets, except for North Carolina in February where the slope was larger (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). State and month effects on intercepts were significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and confirmed a previously identified latitudinal gradient in sex ratio in the survey region. There was no relationship between flock purity (% canvasbacks vs. other species) and flock size except in North Carolina in January, February, and March when flock purity was related to flock size. Contrasting characteristics in North Carolina with regard to flock size (larger flocks) and flock purity suggested that proximate factors were reinforcing flocking behavior and possibly species fidelity there. Of possible factors, the need to locate foraging sites within this large, open-water environment was hypothesized to be of primary importance. Comparison of January 1981 and 1987 sex ratios indicated no change in Maryland, but lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) canvasback sex ratios (proportion male) in Virginia and North Carolina.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809558","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., Derleth, E.L., and Link, W., 1994, Flock sizes and sex ratios of canvasbacks in Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 123-131, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809558.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194280,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake 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 \"}}]}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G. Michael mharamis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G. Michael","email":"mharamis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derleth, Eric L.","contributorId":220145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derleth","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014825,"text":"1014825 - 1994 - Gas supersaturation in surface waters of aquaculture ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:35:10.49757","indexId":"1014825","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas supersaturation in surface waters of aquaculture ponds","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons, dissolved gas pressures were measured in 0·04 ha to 0·06 ha earthen ponds (n = 17) used to produce channel catfish or bluegill sunfish, both with and without supplemental aeration. Surface waters in early morning hours (0630 to 0830 h) were typically saturated with nitrogen (N</span><sub>2</sub><span>) and argon (Ar), undersaturated with dissolved oxygen (DO), and supersaturated with carbon dioxide. Total gas pressures (ΔP) were low, averaging −40 mmHg (range −127 to 62 mmHg). During afternoon hours (1300 to 1500 h) ΔP increased to a mean of 111 mmHg (range −46 to 334 mmHg); 34% of afternoon ΔP values were above that known to cause mortality in channel catfish during continuous exposure bioassays (115 mmHg), yet no excessive mortality was observed. High afternoon ΔP values resulted from DO supersaturation caused by phytoplankton photosynthesis and, to a lesser extent, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and Ar supersaturation. The N</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and Ar supersaturation apparently resulted from cooling and saturation of surface waters with air during evening hours, and the subsequent increase in water temperature during daylight hours (daily increase&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>X</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">X</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;= 3·4°C; range 1·1 to 7·9°C) without sufficient gas release.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(94)90023-X","usgsCitation":"Boyd, C.E., Watten, B.J., Goubier, V., and Wu, R., 1994, Gas supersaturation in surface waters of aquaculture ponds: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 13, no. 1, p. 31-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(94)90023-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Claude E.","contributorId":192710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goubier, V.","contributorId":58225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goubier","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, R.","contributorId":39321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1017323,"text":"1017323 - 1994 - Physiological correlates of water chemistry requirements in fairy shrimp (Order: Anostraca) from southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"1017323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"seriesTitle":{"id":480,"text":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":18}},"title":"Physiological correlates of water chemistry requirements in fairy shrimp (Order: Anostraca) from southern California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez, R., Drazen, J., Hathaway, S., Bauer, B., and Simovich, M., 1994, Physiological correlates of water chemistry requirements in fairy shrimp (Order: Anostraca) from southern California, <i>in</i> Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 16, p. 315-322.","productDescription":"p. 315-322","startPage":"315","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez, R.J.","contributorId":83880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drazen, J.C.","contributorId":50863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drazen","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hathaway, S.","contributorId":54140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, B.","contributorId":69517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simovich, M.","contributorId":66210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simovich","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1014839,"text":"1014839 - 1994 - Loma sp. salmonids from the Eastern United States: Associated lesions rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T12:22:27.47276","indexId":"1014839","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loma sp. salmonids from the Eastern United States: Associated lesions rainbow trout","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A microsporidian of the genus Loma was noted in the gills of rainbow trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from a state hatchery (Buford Trout Hatchery) in Georgia. Mortalities of varying severity occur at this hatchery every fall, and the microsporidian was noted during an experiment from August 1991 to January 1992 to determine the effects of water source on disease. Infections first appeared to be systemic in the October sample; xenomas were observed in heart, spleen, and peripheral vessel walls. The presence of unidentified intracellular material preceded the appearance of xenomas in all tissues, but whether this material was associated with inflammation or represented immature stages of the parasite has yet to be determined. These structures were also noted in the intestine and liver, although xenomas were not noted in these organs. Mature xenomas did not elicit an inflammatory response but appeared to be short-lived. When the xenoma wall ruptured and released spores, an inflammatory response was again observed. The prevalence and severity of the infection were determined in fish maintained in troughs with well water, Chattahoochee River water, or hatchery (treated river) water. The infection tended to be more prevalent and more severe in fish maintained in the hatchery or river water than in those maintained in the well water. Stress induced by poor water quality may increase mortality from this parasite. This report extends the range of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Loma</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sp. into the eastern United States.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1994)006<0318:LSISFT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Markey, P., Blazer, V., Ewing, M.S., and Kocan, K.M., 1994, Loma sp. salmonids from the Eastern United States: Associated lesions rainbow trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 6, no. 4, p. 318-328, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1994)006<0318:LSISFT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63c2ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markey, P.T.","contributorId":51254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markey","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewing, M. S.","contributorId":79842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewing","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocan, K. M.","contributorId":41779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003057,"text":"1003057 - 1994 - Development of an antimycin-impregnated bait for controlling common carp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-28T15:15:27.121832","indexId":"1003057","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of an antimycin-impregnated bait for controlling common carp","docAbstract":"<p><span>The common carp&nbsp;</span><i>Cyprinus carpio</i><span>&nbsp;is a major problem for fisheries and wildlife managers because its feeding behavior causes degradation of valuable fish and waterfowl habitat. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an antimycin‐impregnated bait for control of common carp. The toxic bait contained fish meal, a binder, antimycin, and water. The ingredients were mixed together and made into pellets. This bait was force‐fed to common carp or administered in a pond environment, where fish voluntarily fed on the bait. The lowest lethal dose in the force‐feeding study was 0.346 mg antimycin/kg of fish and doses that exceeded 0.811 mg antimycin/kg were toxic to all fish. On three occasions, adult common carp held in 0.004‐ha concrete ponds were offered 10 g of toxic bait containing 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg antimycin/g of bait and the mean mortalities 96 h later were 21, 35, and 51%, respectively. Three tests were conducted in 0.04‐ha earthen ponds each containing 100 adult common carp; these fish were offered 50 g of the toxic bait that contained 10 mg antimycin/g, and the mean mortalities (96 h) were 19, 32, and 74%. Toxic baits should be used in conjunction with other management techniques, and only when common carp are congregated and actively feeding, and when few nontarget bottom‐feeding species are present.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1994)014<0442:DOAAIB>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rach, J., Luoma, J., and Marking, L.L., 1994, Development of an antimycin-impregnated bait for controlling common carp: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 14, no. 2, p. 442-446, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1994)014<0442:DOAAIB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"446","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, J.A.","contributorId":68010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001106,"text":"1001106 - 1994 - Variation in body mass of wild canvasback and redhead ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T09:32:13","indexId":"1001106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in body mass of wild canvasback and redhead ducklings","docAbstract":"We assessed variation in body mass of ducklings in single- and mixed-species broods of wild Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and Redheads (Aythya americana) 20-50 days old. Body mass of canvasback ducklings was not affected by year and season (early vs. late hatch date) despite changes in water conditions. Mean body mass of male and female Canvasbacks did not differ in Class IIA but did differ in older age classes. Within-brood differences in body mass tended to be higher in Class IIA ducklings (6-7% of mean body mass for Canvasbacks, 9-11% in Redheads) and generally declined to 4-6% in Class IIC and older ducklings. Some within-brood differences were as high as 20-30% of mean body mass. Tests to assess sources of within-brood variation (age, sex, and season) in body mass for Canvasbacks were inconclusive. Variation within broods was generally less than that among broods for both Canvasbacks and Redheads. The lack of differences in duckling body mass between single- and mixed-species broods for any age class, sex, or species suggests that mass was not affected by interspecific brood parasitism.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369101","usgsCitation":"Austin, J.E., and Serie, J.R., 1994, Variation in body mass of wild canvasback and redhead ducklings: Condor, v. 96, no. 4, p. 909-915, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369101.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"915","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol96/iss4/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Serie, Jerome R.","contributorId":174564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serie","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015823,"text":"1015823 - 1994 - Holocene paleoecology of an estuary on Santa Rosa Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:36:18","indexId":"1015823","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene paleoecology of an estuary on Santa Rosa Island, California","docAbstract":"The middle to late Holocene history and early Anglo-European settlement impacts on Santa Rosa Island, California, were studied through the analysis of sediments in a small estuarine marsh. A 5.4-m-long sediment core produced a stratigraphic and pollen record spanning the last 5200 yr. Three major zones are distinguishable in the core. The lowermost zone (5200 to 3250 yr B.P.) represents a time of arid climate with predominantly marine sediment input and high Chenopodiaceae and Ambrosia pollen values. The intermediate zone (3250 yr B.P. to 1800 A.D.) is characterized by greater fresh water input and high values for Asteraceae and Cyperaceae pollen and charcoal particles. The uppermost zone (1800 A.D. to present) documents the unprecedented erosion, sedimentation, and vegetation change that resulted from the introduction of large exotic herbivores and exotic plants to the island during Anglo-European settlement. The identification of pollen grains of Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) documents the persistence of this endemic species on the island throughout the middle to late Holocene.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1994.1037","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., and Liu, G., 1994, Holocene paleoecology of an estuary on Santa Rosa Island, California: Quaternary Research, v. 41, no. 3, p. 326-335, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1037.","productDescription":"p. 326-335","startPage":"326","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266468,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1037"},{"id":133331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bf4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223172,"text":"5223172 - 1994 - Dioxins and furans linked to reproductive impairment in wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:13:20.098015","indexId":"5223172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dioxins and furans linked to reproductive impairment in wood ducks","docAbstract":"<p>A wetland in central Arkansas was contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and because the area was a major waterfowl habitat, we studied the effects of the contamination on nesting wood ducks (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) during 1988-90. Residues in wood duck eggs, based on toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for combined compounds, ranged from 0.2 to 611 parts per trillion (ppt) wet mass (70% were the toxic isomer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tetraCDD)) and were 50 times higher in eggs from near the point source than from an uncontaminated reference site 111 km away. Nest success, hatching success, and duckling production were suppressed (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) at nesting sites 9 and 17 km downstream, as was hatching success 58 km downstream. Egg TEFs were inversely correlated (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) with productivity in corresponding nests. In addition, teratogenic effects occurred in ducklings at the more contaminated nesting site nearest the point source. The threshold range of toxicity (based on TEFs) where reduced productivity was evident in wood ducks was gt 20-50 ppt. Wood ducks were sensitive to dioxin and furan contamination, and we recommend it as an indicator species for monitoring biological impacts from these contaminants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809555","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., and Seginak, J.T., 1994, Dioxins and furans linked to reproductive impairment in wood ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 100-106, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809555.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Meto","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.67154856404005,\n              34.351348658503355\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.67154856404005,\n              34.207252741920925\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.53560938095153,\n              34.207252741920925\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.53560938095153,\n              34.351348658503355\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.67154856404005,\n              34.351348658503355\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seginak, John T.","contributorId":191445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seginak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003743,"text":"1003743 - 1994 - Lead poisoning in a Mississippi sandhill crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T15:38:56.688527","indexId":"1003743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead poisoning in a Mississippi sandhill crane","docAbstract":"<p>Lead poisoning from the ingestion of spent lead shot is well documented in waterfowl (Sanderson and Bellrose 1986) and has been reported in other wetland (Locke et al. 1991, Windingstad et al. 1984) and upland (Hunter and Rosen 1965, Locke and Bagley 1967) avian species. Ingested fishing weights have been implicated in lead poisoning of Trumpeter Swans (<i>Cygnus buccinator</i>) (Blus et al. 1989), Common Loons (<i>Gavia immer</i>) (Locke et al. 1982, Franson and Cliplef 1992, Pokras and Chafel 1992), Mute Swans (<i>Cygnus olor</i>) (Birkhead 1982), and Sandhill Cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) (Windingstad et al. 1984). The significance of lead poisoning as a mortality factor in avian species other than waterfowl is probably underestimated (Locke and Friend 1992), and any cause of mortality becomes particularly important in species with small population sizes. We report here the first known case of lead poisoning in a Mississippi Sandhill Crane (<i>Grus canadensis pulla</i>), a critically endangered subspecies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., and Hereford, S.G., 1994, Lead poisoning in a Mississippi sandhill crane: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 106, no. 4, p. 766-768.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"768","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374767,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163498"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Sandhill Crane National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.79974365234375,\n              30.198552988693212\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.80043029785156,\n              30.18787014479982\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75030517578125,\n              30.184308939305243\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.7200927734375,\n              30.18787014479982\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.648681640625,\n              30.170062829919026\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59031677246094,\n              30.168281921431145\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.55735778808594,\n              30.175405362307902\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.48045349121094,\n              30.144533400661235\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.44818115234375,\n              30.140970629328645\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.385009765625,\n              30.151064813970038\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.38088989257812,\n              30.16353267482236\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.40972900390625,\n              30.741835717889792\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41522216796875,\n              30.74065539551507\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.88763427734375,\n              30.739475058679485\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.88626098632812,\n              30.417887641071157\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.86978149414062,\n              30.417295506645424\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.846435546875,\n              30.401306519203583\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.8299560546875,\n              30.38176086774858\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.80111694335938,\n              30.361618834464732\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.79974365234375,\n              30.198552988693212\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b10c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hereford, Scott G.","contributorId":100792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1016513,"text":"1016513 - 1994 - Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:52","indexId":"1016513","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools","docAbstract":"A series of experiments examined how ecological factors affect notonectid foraging success on fairy shrimp. Variation in pond depth over natural ranges had no direct effect on notonectid ability to capture fairy shrimp. Decreases in water clarity over natural ranges led to decreased notonectid ability to capture fairy shrimp. This corresponds with the observation that six weeks after the fairy shrimp hatched they were more likely to be present in cloudy ponds than in ponds containing clearer water. If correct, this is a situation where physical factors have a major effect on how a biological interaction influences the local distribution of species. It appears water depth indirectly affects notonectid foraging rates, as shallow ponds are apparently made cloudy by wind-driven waves disturbing the bottom mud. These results suggest the notonectid-fairy shrimp interaction will not be a constant for any given pond, but will depend on abiotic factors like amount of rainfall and frequency of windy conditions. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Graham, T.B., 1994, Predation by dipteran larvae on fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) in Utah rock pools: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 39, no. 2, p. 206-207.","productDescription":"p. 206-207","startPage":"206","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6805e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, T. B.","contributorId":48923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003718,"text":"1003718 - 1994 - Parathion poisoning of Mississippi kites in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T15:19:34","indexId":"1003718","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parathion poisoning of Mississippi kites in Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Parathion(phosphorothioic acid O, O-diethyl O-[4-nitrophenyl] ester) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, used on a variety of crops and occasionally for mosquito control, and is highly toxic to birds (Smith 1987). Intentional poisoning with parathion is reported to have killed more than 8000 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in two separate instances (Stone et al. 1984). Use of parathion on wheat fields has resulted in the mortality of about 1600 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and other waterfowl in one instance (White et al. 1982) and about 200 Canada geese in another (Flickinger et al. 1991). More than 200 laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) died near cotton fields treated with parathion (White et al. 1979). Secondary poisoning of raptors resulting from the consumption of prey exposed to parathion, has been reported experimentally and in the field. Stone et al. (1984) found two dead red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), a Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) and an American kestrel (Falco sparverius) that had fed on blackbirds killed by parathion. One of four American kestrels died after being fed cricket frogs (Acris crepitans) that had been exposed to 10ppm parathion for 96 hr (Fleming et al. 1982). The Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississippensis) is highly insectivorous (Brown and Amadon 1968) and is thus subject to secondary poisoning resulting from consumption of insects exposed to pesticides. I report here an instance of secondary parathion poisoning in wild Mississippi kites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Franson, J., 1994, Parathion poisoning of Mississippi kites in Oklahoma: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 28, no. 2, p. 108-109.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.07373046875,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.482421875,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.37255859375,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4384765625,\n              33.50475906922606\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              33.815666308702774\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.08642578125,\n              33.669496972795535\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.48193359375,\n              33.5963189611327\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8994140625,\n              33.779147331286474\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.18505859374999,\n              33.65120829920497\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.701416015625,\n              33.88865750124075\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.91015624999999,\n              33.770015152780125\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.20678710937499,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.59130859375,\n              34.03445260967645\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.734130859375,\n              34.07996230865873\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.31640625,\n              34.125447565116126\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.33837890625,\n              34.31621838080741\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.744873046875,\n              34.34343606848294\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.99755859375,\n              34.53371242139564\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.096435546875,\n              34.58799745550482\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.096435546875,\n              36.4566360115962\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              36.474306755095206\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.07373046875,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68920f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014596,"text":"1014596 - 1994 - Superchlorination and corrosivity in a municipal water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1014596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2565,"text":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Superchlorination and corrosivity in a municipal water supply","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"96-059/PY96/NF","usgsCitation":"Meyer, K., Bailey, J., and Rottiers, D.V., 1994, Superchlorination and corrosivity in a municipal water supply: Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, v. 68, no. 3, p. 136-140.","productDescription":"p. 136-140","startPage":"136","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6985f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, K.A.","contributorId":65813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, J.W.","contributorId":73158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rottiers, D. V.","contributorId":49301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"D.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":7000087,"text":"7000087 - 1994 - A history of the Water Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume I, from predecessor surveys to June 30, 1919","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T12:16:30","indexId":"7000087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"A history of the Water Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume I, from predecessor surveys to June 30, 1919","docAbstract":"This volume is the first in a series of chronological summaries of the activities and achievements of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. First published in 1939 through private subscription by interested personnel, Volume I is now available as a public document. The manuscripts of the following three volumes that cover the years 1919-47, all by the author of this volume, were reproduced by the Division in the 1950's for internal use only. Their publication for public use remains one of the Division's goals.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000087","usgsCitation":"Follansbee, R., 1994, A history of the Water Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey; Volume I, from predecessor surveys to June 30, 1919, 286 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000087.","productDescription":"286 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261231,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/msb/7000087/report.pdf"},{"id":261232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/msb/7000087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Follansbee, R.","contributorId":39895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follansbee","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015811,"text":"1015811 - 1994 - Integrating limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes into the landscape of a natural area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:49:50.004676","indexId":"1015811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes into the landscape of a natural area","docAbstract":"A general conceptual watershed-lake model of the complex interactions among climatic conditions, watershed location and characteristics, lake morphology, and fish predation was used to evaluate limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes. Our main hypothesis was that decreasing elevation in mountainous terrain corresponds to an increase in diversity of watershed size and lake area, depth, temperature, nutrient concentrations, and productivity. A second hypothesis was that watershed location and aspect relative to climatic gradients within mountainous terrain influences the limnological characteristics of the lakes. We evaluated these hypotheses by examining watershed location, aspect and size; lake morphology; water quality; and phytoplankton and zooplankton community characteristics among high mountain forest and subalpine lakes in Mount Rainier National Park. \r\nAlthough many of the comparisons between all forest and subalpine lakes were statistically insignificant, the results revealed trends that were consistent with our hypotheses. The forest lake group included more lakes with larger watersheds, larger surface areas, greater depths, higher concentrations of nutrients, and higher algal biovolumes than did the group of subalpine lakes. Deep lakes, which were mostly of the forest lake type, exhibited thermal stratification and relatively high values of some of the water-quality variables near the lake bottoms. However, the highest near-surface water temperatures and phytoplankton densities and the taxonomic structures of the phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages were more closely related to geographical location, which corresponded to a west-east climate gradient in the park, than to lake type. Some crustacean and rotifer taxa, however, were limited in distribution by lake type. \r\nFish predation did not appear to play an important role in the structure of the crustacean zooplankton communities at the genus level with the exception of Mowich Lake, where crustacean taxa were absent from the zooplankton community. This was the only lake inhabited by a true zooplanktivourous species of fish.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02393617","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., Wones, A., McIntire, C.D., and Samora, B., 1994, Integrating limnological characteristics of high mountain lakes into the landscape of a natural area: Environmental Management, v. 18, no. 6, p. 871-888, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393617.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"888","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48dee4b07f02db54a930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wones, A.","contributorId":96233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wones","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samora, B.","contributorId":10012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2001482,"text":"2001482 - 1994 - Characterization of Cytophaga psychrophila obtained from epizootics of cold-water disease among Pacific salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2001482","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Characterization of Cytophaga psychrophila obtained from epizootics of cold-water disease among Pacific salmon","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"94-070/PY94/FH","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., and Schill, W.B., 1994, Characterization of Cytophaga psychrophila obtained from epizootics of cold-water disease among Pacific salmon: Research Information Bulletin 44, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223020,"text":"5223020 - 1994 - Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T16:35:53.870175","indexId":"5223020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>Determining factors that limit winter survival of waterfowl is necessary to develop effective management plans. We radiomarked immature and adult female mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) after the 1988 and 1989 hunting seasons in eastcentral Arkansas to test whether natural mortality sources and habitat conditions during late winter limit seasonal survival. We used data from 92 females to calculate survival estimates. We observed no mortalities during 2,510 exposure days, despite differences in habitat conditions between years. We used the binomial distribution to calculate daily and 30-day survival estimates plus 95% confidence intervals of 0.9988 <span>≤</span> 0.9997 <span>≤</span> 1.00 and 0.9648 <span>≤</span> 0.9925 <span>≤</span> 1.00, respectively. Our data indirectly support the hypothesis that hunting mortality and habitat conditions during the hunting season are the major determinants of winter survival for female mallards in Arkansas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809554","usgsCitation":"Dugger, B., Reinecke, K.J., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1994, Late winter survival of female mallards in Arkansas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 58, no. 1, p. 94-99, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489876,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3809554","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":193981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.012709674636895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0179255009495,\n              34.012709674636895\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0179255009495,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.18171481207008,\n              34.37323485085338\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugger, Bruce D.","contributorId":81236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinecke, Kenneth J.","contributorId":87275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredrickson, Leigh H.","contributorId":55874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002403,"text":"1002403 - 1994 - Recent accretion in two managed marsh impoundments in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T11:35:56","indexId":"1002403","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent accretion in two managed marsh impoundments in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"Recent accretion was measured by the feldspar marker horizon method in two gravity-drained, managed, marsh impoundments and unmanaged reference marshes located on the rapidly subsiding coast of Louisiana. Water level management was designed to limit hydrologic exchange to the managed marsh by regulating the direction and rate of water flows. During a drawdown-flooding water management cycle, the unmanaged reference marshes had significantly higher vertical accretion rates, higher soil bulk density and soil mineral matter content, lower soil organic matter content, and higher rates of organic matter accumulation than the managed marsh. The rate of mineral matter accumulation was higher in both reference marshes, but was significantly higher in only one. Spatial variability in accumulation rates was low when analyzed in one managed marsh site, suggesting a primarily autochthonous source of matter. In contrast, the associated reference marsh apparently received allochthonous material that settled out in a distinct spatial pattern as water velocity decreased. The impoundment marshes experienced an accretion deficit of one full order of magnitude (0.1 vs. 1.0 m/yr) based on comparison of accretion and sea level rise data, while the unmanaged reference marshes experienced a five-fold smaller deficit or no deficit.  These data suggest that the gravity-drained impoundments likely have a shorter life expectancy than the reference marshes in the rapidly subsiding Louisiana coast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/1942126","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., 1994, Recent accretion in two managed marsh impoundments in coastal Louisiana: Ecological Applications, v. 4, no. 1, p. 166-176, https://doi.org/10.2307/1942126.","productDescription":"p. 166-176","startPage":"166","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15418,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.2307/1942126","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7002.000000000000000"},{"id":133989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014571,"text":"1014571 - 1994 - Effect of subatmospheric pressure on the performance of an automated packed-column nitrogen desorption system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:32:24.417056","indexId":"1014571","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of subatmospheric pressure on the performance of an automated packed-column nitrogen desorption system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A portable vacuum degasser was developed to satisfy seasonal hatchery pretreatment needs. Dissolved-gas pressures in water exiting a packed column were regulated automatically with a unique feedback control loop incorporating a gasometer, pressure transducer, electronic (PID) controller and an electrically actuated pump discharge valve. The flow capacity of the system was 160 l/min with a total power requirement of 0·81 kW. Following controller tuning, field tests demonstrated the ability of the feedback loop to set appropriate column vacuum levels quickly in response to varying inlet dissolved-gas pressures or changes in selected controller set points. The degasser's ability to reduce dissolved nitrogen (DN) and increase dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations was also assessed at four or five pure-oxygen feed rates under each of four column vacuum levels (−4·5, −9·0, −14·6 and −20·0 cm Hg). Performance was then compared with that predicted with a multicomponent gas transfer model. Relative error of model projections averaged just 7·7% for DO and 2·3% for DN (n = 19). Effluent DN ranged between 60·6 and 96·4% of saturation concentrations at 8·8°C with the influent DN at 135% of saturation. The high DN desorption rates achieved allow side-stream pretreatment with blending.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(94)90024-8","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., Ridge, W.J., and Mudrak, V.A., 1994, Effect of subatmospheric pressure on the performance of an automated packed-column nitrogen desorption system: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 13, no. 1, p. 41-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(94)90024-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62551d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridge, W. J.","contributorId":24724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridge","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mudrak, Vincent A.","contributorId":192707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mudrak","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014650,"text":"1014650 - 1994 - Observations on the occurrence of bacterial gill disease and amoeba gill infestation in rainbow trout cultured in a water recirculation system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T11:29:07.191934","indexId":"1014650","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on the occurrence of bacterial gill disease and amoeba gill infestation in rainbow trout cultured in a water recirculation system","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">Spontaneous outbreaks of bacterial gill disease (BGD) occurred in 17-44-g rainbow trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;</span>after they were placed in a water recirculation system. In each of five groups stocked from September 1991 through July 1992, BGD occurred within 6–8 d after stocking. In each instance, BGD was followed by a secondary amoeba infestation. The spontaneous BGD outbreaks did not occur among previously stocked groups that had recovered from earlier BGD disease outbreaks. Examination of gill tissue by Gram stain and indirect fluorescent antibody technique showed increased numbers of filamentous bacteria associated with BGD after the rainbow trout were stocked into the system. Bacterial numbers decreased after a 1-h treatment with chloramine-T at concentrations of 9–15 mg/L but increased within 2 d after treatment. Although the chloramine-T treatments controlled mortality related to BGD, the amoeba infestation persisted. Histological examination of gills showed some focal hyperplasia before the rainbow trout were placed into the recirculation system, but hyperplasia became more extensive and lamellar fusion and mild telangiectasis developed within a week after placement in the system. The density at which the fingerling rainbow trout were stocked and the suspended solids present in tank water may have contributed to the BGD outbreaks. Exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to tank water from the recirculation system before they were placed into the system did not afford them protection against BGD after stocking.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1994)006<0310:OOTOOB>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bullock, G.L., Herman, R., Heinen, J., Noble, A., Weber, A., and Hankins, J., 1994, Observations on the occurrence of bacterial gill disease and amoeba gill infestation in rainbow trout cultured in a water recirculation system: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 6, no. 4, p. 310-317, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1994)006<0310:OOTOOB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"317","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6963ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, R.","contributorId":28565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinen, J.","contributorId":89092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, A.","contributorId":35683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, A.","contributorId":11991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hankins, J.","contributorId":23885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hankins","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1014695,"text":"1014695 - 1994 - Relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of Aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T00:16:01.58714","indexId":"1014695","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of Aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9840143\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Fish were sampled at the Ed Weed State Fish Hatchery (South Hero, Vermont, USA) in September 1992.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was common, with concentrations as high as 10<sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 10<sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>colony-forming units per gram of mucus, and readily recovered from most mucus samples obtained from furunculosis-sensitive populations of brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>), lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>), and Atlantic salmon<span>&nbsp;</span><i>(Salmo salar)</i>. The pathogen was the predominant microorganism and accounted for greater than 85% of the total number of bacteria isolated from the mucus of these fish. By comparison,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was recovered only from two rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), and bacterial frequencies did not exceed 10<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>colony-forming units per gram of mucus. The pathogen was not recovered from the mucus of steelhead (<i>O. mykiss</i>) or Rome brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) selectively bred for resistance to furunculosis, even though there was widespread contagion throughout the hatchery and fish were cultured on a common, unprotected water supply.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.577","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L., and Jones, T., 1994, Relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of Aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 30, no. 4, p. 577-580, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-30.4.577.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"580","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, T.E.","contributorId":47327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000784,"text":"1000784 - 1994 - Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T13:21:32","indexId":"1000784","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Unionid bivalves and attached epizoic zebra mussels (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) were collected at one index station in 1989, 1990, and 1991 and at 17 stations in 1991 in offshore waters of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Sampling at the index station revealed that the proportion of live unionids declined from 53% in September 1989 to 17% in May&ndash;June 1990 and to 0% in September 1990: this 100% mortality coincided with heavy infestation by zebra mussels. Quantitative sampling with a Ponar grab at the 17 stations in 1991 revealed a widespread and dramatic reduction in unionid populations. In 1982, five unionid species occurred at 35% of the stations at a density of 4/m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, whereas in 1991, no live unionid species were found. Qualitative sampling with an epibenthic sled at the 17 stations in 1991 yielded only 4 live specimens of 2 species (</span><i>Amblema plicata plicata</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Fusconaia flava</i><span>) and 187 dead specimens of 10 species. These and other results indicate that unionid populations are being negatively affected by zebra mussels in the Great Lakes. Similar impacts on unionids are expected to occur where zebra mussels become abundant throughout North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f94-226","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., and Nalepa, T., 1994, Dramatic decline of unionid bivalves in offshore waters of western Lake Erie after infestation by the zebra mussel, <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 51, no. 10, p. 2234-2242, https://doi.org/10.1139/f94-226.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2234","endPage":"2242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014925,"text":"1014925 - 1994 - Effects of elevated water temperature and immunosuppressant treatment on prevalence and titer of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in naturally infected brook trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T12:15:04.464781","indexId":"1014925","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of elevated water temperature and immunosuppressant treatment on prevalence and titer of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in naturally infected brook trout","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">Using fingerlings of brook trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>naturally infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), we demonstrated that elevated water temperature and treatment with the immunosuppressant triamcinolone acetonide (generic Kenalog®) significantly increases the titer of IPNV and probably also the prevalence of the infection. Stress-promoting treatments could potentially enhance the capability to detect various fish viral agents.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1994)006<0133:EOEWTA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., Owens, W.J., and Schill, W.B., 1994, Effects of elevated water temperature and immunosuppressant treatment on prevalence and titer of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in naturally infected brook trout: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 6, no. 2, p. 133-137, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1994)006<0133:EOEWTA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}