{"pageNumber":"1681","pageRowStart":"42000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":70177036,"text":"70177036 - 1994 - A water-renewal system that accurately delivers small volumes of water to exposure chambers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:17:33","indexId":"70177036","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A water-renewal system that accurately delivers small volumes of water to exposure chambers","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes a system that can accurately deliver small volumes of water (50 ml per cycle) to eight 300-ml beakers. The system is inexpensive &lt;$100), easy to build (&lt;8 h), and easy to calibrate (&lt;15 min), and accurately delivers small volumes of water (&lt;5% variability).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620130813","usgsCitation":"Zumwalt, D.C., Dwyer, F., Greer, I., and Ingersoll, C., 1994, A water-renewal system that accurately delivers small volumes of water to exposure chambers: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 13, no. 8, p. 1311-1314, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130813.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1311","endPage":"1314","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zumwalt, D. C.","contributorId":175431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zumwalt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greer, I.E.","contributorId":70182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171385,"text":"70171385 - 1994 - Washington State metals in soils program: Preliminary results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T09:15:22","indexId":"70171385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1925,"text":"Hydrological Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Washington State metals in soils program: Preliminary results","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","usgsCitation":"Ames, K.C., 1994, Washington State metals in soils program: Preliminary results: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 10, no. 1-4, p. 15-30.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dee4b0ee97d51a841a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ames, K. C.","contributorId":20781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70177040,"text":"70177040 - 1994 - Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of Rodeo®, X-77 Spreader®, and Chem-Trol® to aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:40:26","indexId":"70177040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of Rodeo®, X-77 Spreader®, and Chem-Trol® to aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"<p><span>The herbicide Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> provides waterfowl managers with an effective chemical tool for creating open water habitats in wetlands if its use does not adversely affect native invertebrate communities. The survival of caged </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Chironomus</i><span> spp. (midge), </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Hyalella azteca</i><span> (amphipod),</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Stagnicola elodes</i><span> (pond snail), and </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Nephelopsis obscura</i><span> (leech) was assessed in prairie pothole wetlands treated by air with a tank mixture of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, the surfactant X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and the drift retardant Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> at a rate recommended for controlling cattails. Laboratory studies were then conducted to determine the acute toxicities of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span>, individually and in simulated tank mixtures, to the same invertebrates and to </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Daphnia magna</i><span> in reconstituted water representative of these wetlands. There was no difference in the survival of caged invertebrates between treated and reference wetlands after 21 days. Based on nominal concentrations of the formulations, X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span> (LC50s=2.0–14.1 mg/L) was about 83–136 times more toxic than Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> (LC50s=218–1216 mg/L) to aquatic invertebrates. Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> killed ≤10% of the animals at 10,000 mg/L and ≤50% of the animals at 28,000 mg/L. </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Daphnia magna</i><span> were more sensitive than the other species to X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and the simulated Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> tank mixture (RTM). The joint toxic action of the RTM was additive for amphipods and midges, greater than additive for leeches, and was less than additive for daphnids. X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span> was the major toxic component in the RTM. Binary mixtures of X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> at tank mixture and equitoxic ratios also showed additive toxicity to amphipods. The use of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span> (applied as a tank mixture with X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span> and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span>) as a management tool in wetlands does not pose an acute hazard to native aquatic invertebrates because the concentrations of Rodeo</span><sup>®</sup><span>, X-77 Spreader</span><sup>®</sup><span>, and Chem-Trol</span><sup>®</sup><span> found to be acutely toxic to these invertebrates were much higher than their expected or measured concentrations in water from wetlands treated with the RTM.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00213176","usgsCitation":"Henry, C.J., Higgins, K.F., and Buhl, K., 1994, Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of Rodeo®, X-77 Spreader®, and Chem-Trol® to aquatic invertebrates: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 392-399, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213176.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"399","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, C. J.","contributorId":175437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K. F.","contributorId":39713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194950,"text":"70194950 - 1994 - Waterfowl productivity and use of nesting structures in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T11:08:05","indexId":"70194950","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3580,"text":"The Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl productivity and use of nesting structures in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"<p>Over-water duck nests are usually more successful than upland nests. We evaluated mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) and giant Canada goose (<i>Branta canadensis maxima</i>) use of nest baskets, straw and hay bales, and earth-filled culverts and determined nesting success rates by structure type during 1987-1989. Mallards used bales and culverts more than baskets, whereas Canada geese used baskets more than bales or culverts. Nesting success was greatest for baskets and culverts (&gt;80%) and lowest for bales (58.3%). Logistics aside, culverts appear to be the most valuable nesting structures for mallards, and baskets are the most valuable structures for Canada geese.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.R., Higgins, K.F., Ball, I., and Kohn, S.C., 1994, Waterfowl productivity and use of nesting structures in the prairie pothole region: The Prairie Naturalist, v. 26, p. 187-194.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie pothole region","volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a72e3eae4b0a9a2e9e08ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Rex R.","contributorId":69446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rex","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, Kenneth F.","contributorId":65032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohn, Stan C.","contributorId":80049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohn","given":"Stan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27658,"text":"North Dakota Game & Fish Department, Bismark, ND","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70196328,"text":"70196328 - 1994 - Flowing wells in northeastern North Dakota and their possible effect on water quality in the Red River of the North Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:40:30","indexId":"70196328","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Flowing wells in northeastern North Dakota and their possible effect on water quality in the Red River of the North Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, North Dakota Water Quality Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"North Dakota Water Quality Symposium","conferenceDate":"March 30-31, 1994","conferenceLocation":"Fargo, ND","language":"English","publisher":"North Dakota Water Quality Symposium","usgsCitation":"Strobel, M., Kelly, J., Carlson, S.T., and Salendar, H.A., 1994, Flowing wells in northeastern North Dakota and their possible effect on water quality in the Red River of the North Basin, <i>in</i> Proceedings, North Dakota Water Quality Symposium, Fargo, ND, March 30-31, 1994, p. 247-255.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"255","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2321e4b0da30c1bfd644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strobel, M.L.","contributorId":81945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobel","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, J. B.","contributorId":203795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, S. T.","contributorId":203796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salendar, H. A.","contributorId":203797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salendar","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178350,"text":"70178350 - 1994 - Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T15:04:35","indexId":"70178350","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dioxins and health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Plenum Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J., Ludwig, J.P., and Tillitt, D., 1994, Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds, chap. <i>of</i> Dioxins and health, p. 249-307.","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"307","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb48e4b0c253bdfff0e3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schecter, A.","contributorId":176841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schecter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, J. P.","contributorId":176342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludwig","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":118820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":87171,"text":"87171 - 1994 - An overview of sea otter studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T13:36:14","indexId":"87171","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"An overview of sea otter studies","docAbstract":"<p>The <i>Exxron Valdez</i> oil spill (EVOS) on 24 March 1989 threatened extensive areas of prime sea otter (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) habitat along the coasts of south-central Alaska. The spill occurred in northeastern Prince William Sound (PWS), and oil moved rapidly south and west through PWS into the Gulf of Alaska. Much of the coastline of western PWS was heavily oiled, and the slick eventually spread as far southwest as Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula (Galt and Payton 1990; Morris and Loughlin, Chapter 1). All coastal waters affected by the spill were inhabited by sea otters.</p><p>Concern for the survival of sea otters following the oil spill was immediate and well founded. Sea otters are particularly vulnerable to oil contamination because they rely on pelage rather than blubber for insulation, and oiling drastically reduces the insulative value of the fur (Costa and Kooyman 1982; Siniff et al. 1982; Geraci and Williams 1990). Within days of the spill, recovery of oiled live otters and carcasses began. During the several months following the spill, sea otters became symbolic of the mortality associated with the spilled oil, and of the hope for rescue and recovery of injured wildlife (Batten 1990).</p><p>An extensive sea otter rescue and rehabilitation effort was mounted in the weeks and months following the spill. Handling and treatment of the captive sea otters posed an enormous and difficult challenge, given the large number of otters held at the facilities and minimal prior experience in caring for oiled sea otters. Rehabilitation of sea otters was a separate effort from the postspill studies designed to evaluate injury to the otter populations and is not addressed in this chapter only as it relates to evaluation of damage assessment studies. Detailed information on the rehabilitation effort is presented in Bayha and Kormendy (1990) and Williams and Davis (1990).</p><p>Sea otters retained a high profile in the Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) studies largely because the initial injury to the sea otter population was readily demonstrable, but also because of concerns about long-term damages. The scope of the postspill studies to assess oil-related damages to sea otters was extensive: From 1989 through 1993, more than $3,000,000 was spent, and more than 20 scientists were involved in a comprehensive research program. The studies were predominantly directed at sea otter populations in PWS.</p><p>Damages to sea otters generally can be classified as either acute, defined as spill-related deaths occurring during the spill, or chronic, defined as longer term lethal or sublethal oil-related injuries. Studies of acute damages focused on estimating the total initial loss of sea otters. Characterization of the pathologies associated with exposure to oil was a secondary goal of studies of acute effects. Chronic or longer term damages may have resulted from sublethal initial exposure or continued exposure to hydrocarbons persisting in the environment. Studies of chronic effects included evaluating abundance and distribution, survival and reproduction rates, foraging behavior, and pathological, physiological, and toxicological changes in the years following the spill.</p><p>The objective of this chapter is to review the studies conducted on sea otters in response to the EVOS and to synthesize the major findings of those studies relative to injury to the sea otter population associated with exposure to oil. We also provide recommendations for research to improve our understanding of the effects of future oil spills on Sea otter populations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine mammals and the <i>Exxon Valdez</i>","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","isbn":"9781483288819","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., Bodkin, J.L., and DeGange, A.R., 1994, An overview of sea otter studies, chap. 3 <i>of</i> Marine mammals and the <i>Exxon Valdez</i>, p. 47-59.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339230,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/marine-mammals-and-the-exxon-valdez/loughlin/978-0-12-456160-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684162","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loughlin, Thomas R.","contributorId":18885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughlin","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20183,"text":"ofr90179 - 1994 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20183,"text":"ofr90179 - 1994 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"ofr90179","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3161,"text":"wsp2320B - 1996 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2320B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":3161,"text":"wsp2320B - 1996 - Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","indexId":"wsp2320B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada: Part 2, hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T16:31:01.458852","indexId":"ofr90179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-179","title":"Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow","docAbstract":"Groundwater withdrawals in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, primarily for municipal supplies, totaled more than 2.5 million acre-ft between 1912 and 1981, with a peak annual withdrawal rate of 88,000 acre-ft in 1968.  Effects of heavy pumping are evident over large areas of the valley but are more pronounced near the major well fields.  Secondary recharge from lawn irrigation and other sources is estimated to have totaled more than 340,000 acre-ft during 1972-81. Resulting rises in water-level in shallow, unconfined aquifers in the central and southeastern parts of the valley have caused: widespread water-logging of soils; increased groundwater discharge to Las Vegas Wash and its tributaries; and potential for degradation of water quality in deeper aquifers by accentuating downward vertical hydraulic potential in areas where shallow groundwater has high concentrations of dissolved solids and nitrate. A 3-dimensional groundwater flow model of the valley-fill aquifer system was constructed for use in evaluating possible groundwater management alternatives aimed at alleviating problems related to overdraft and water-logging while maximizing use of the groundwater resources.  Natural recharge to the valley-fill aquifers is about 33,000 acre-ft/yr; in 1979, an estimated 44,000 acre-ft of secondary recharge infiltrated to the near-surface and developed-zone aquifers.  Peak water use for lawn irrigation during summer results in rates of secondary recharge that may increase threefold from winter rates.  Simulated rates of seepage to washes in the valley increased correspondingly from an average of 850 acre-ft/mo in winter to about 1,300 acre-ft/mo in the summer.  Groundwater withdrawals by pumping totaled 620,000 acre-ft during 1972-81, and model results indicate that about 190,000 acre-ft of that total was derived from storage. Use of the model as a predictive tool was demonstrated by simulating the effects of using most municipal wells only during the peak-demand season of June 1 through September 20. Results of the 9-year simulation indicated that: (1) long-term rates of water-level decline near the municipal well field would be less than rates for 1972-81, but the magnitude of seasonal fluctuations would increase, and (2) total volume of water released from storage as a result of subsidence would be only 42,000 acre-feet per year, or about half the volume during 1972-81.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90179","usgsCitation":"Morgan, D.S., and Dettinger, M.D., 1994, Ground-water conditions in Las Vegas Valley, Clark County, Nevada; Part II, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-179, Report: vii, 151 p.; 2 Plates: 18.41 x 21.57 and 18.59 x 21.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90179.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 151 p.; 2 Plates: 18.41 x 21.57 and 18.59 x 21.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":382958,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":382957,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":382956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Las Vegas Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02685546875,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.02685546875,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26855468749999,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66d27d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, D. S.","contributorId":19184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":182215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54715,"text":"wdrMO941 - 1994 - Water resources data, Missouri, water year 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-02T15:45:41.247713","indexId":"wdrMO941","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MO-94-1","title":"Water resources data, Missouri, water year 1994","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies and organizations, obtains a large quantity of data pertaining to the water resources of Missouri each water year (October 1 to September 30). These data, accumulated during the water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of Missouri.</p><p>Water-resources data for the 1994 water year for Missouri consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains discharge records for 102 gaging stations; stage at 12 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 54 sampling stations (including 2 lakes and reservoirs); and water-level records for 8 ground-water monitoring wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMO941","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey and Division of Environmental Quality; Missouri Highway and Transportation Commission; and with other State and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Reed, H., Perkins, T., and Gray, G., 1994, Water resources data, Missouri, water year 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MO-94-1, xvi, 338 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMO941.","productDescription":"xvi, 338 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/mo-94-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496983,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1994/mo-94-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.545006,36.336809],[-89.605668,36.342234],[-89.615841,36.336085],[-89.620255,36.323006],[-89.611819,36.309088],[-89.578492,36.288317],[-89.554289,36.277751],[-89.539487,36.277368],[-89.534507,36.261802],[-89.539229,36.248821],[-89.562206,36.250909],[-89.577544,36.242262],[-89.602374,36.238106],[-89.642182,36.249486],[-89.678046,36.248284],[-89.695235,36.252766],[-89.705328,36.239898],[-89.69263,36.224959],[-89.607004,36.171179],[-89.591605,36.144096],[-89.59307,36.129699],[-89.601936,36.11947],[-89.666598,36.095802],[-89.678821,36.084636],[-89.688577,36.029238],[-89.706932,36.000981],[-90.37789,35.995683],[-90.351732,36.025347],[-90.34909,36.040131],[-90.339343,36.047112],[-90.333261,36.067504],[-90.320746,36.071326],[-90.320662,36.087138],[-90.29991,36.098236],[-90.294492,36.112949],[-90.266256,36.120559],[-90.235585,36.139474],[-90.231386,36.147348],[-90.23537,36.159153],[-90.220425,36.184764],[-90.21128,36.183392],[-90.188189,36.20536],[-90.152497,36.215582],[-90.14224,36.227522],[-90.126366,36.229367],[-90.130114,36.240307],[-90.118219,36.253491],[-90.114922,36.265595],[-90.086471,36.271531],[-90.06398,36.303038],[-90.081961,36.322097],[-90.074074,36.342895],[-90.077695,36.348478],[-90.066297,36.3593],[-90.064514,36.382085],[-90.078671,36.399116],[-90.138512,36.413952],[-90.134231,36.422827],[-90.143743,36.424433],[-90.143798,36.428483],[-90.134136,36.436602],[-90.137323,36.455411],[-90.141101,36.461791],[-90.155804,36.463555],[-90.152888,36.47093],[-90.142222,36.470554],[-90.143683,36.476029],[-90.158838,36.479558],[-90.159305,36.492446],[-90.152481,36.497952],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.356876,40.031522],[-95.387195,40.02677],[-95.40726,40.033112],[-95.416824,40.043235],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.407591,40.09803],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.39284,40.115887],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.482757,40.197346],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.556325,40.267714],[-95.550966,40.285947],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.657328,40.310856],[-95.653729,40.322582],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.693133,40.469396],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.722444,40.528118],[-95.75711,40.52599],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.763366,40.550797],[-95.773549,40.578205],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-94.632035,40.571186],[-94.080463,40.572899],[-92.689854,40.589884],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.690804,40.559893],[-91.681714,40.553035],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.52509,40.457845],[-91.524053,40.448437],[-91.533623,40.43832],[-91.519935,40.433673],[-91.526555,40.419872],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.489816,40.404317],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.465009,40.376223],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.444833,40.36317],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.505495,40.195606],[-91.512974,40.181062],[-91.508224,40.157665],[-91.510322,40.127994],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.465315,39.983995],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.41988,39.916533],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.446922,39.883034],[-91.436051,39.84551],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.361571,39.787548],[-91.370009,39.732524],[-91.3453,39.709402],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.174651,39.593313],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.681994,39.090066],[-90.712541,39.057064],[-90.71158,39.046798],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.657254,38.92027],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.625122,38.888654],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.555693,38.870785],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.109407,38.843548],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.20991,38.72605],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.181325,38.660381],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.222112,38.576451],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.368219,38.340254],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.353902,38.213855],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.126612,38.043981],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.059367,38.015543],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.00011,37.964563],[-89.978919,37.962791],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.952499,37.883218],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.844786,37.905572],[-89.799333,37.881517],[-89.796087,37.859505],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.782035,37.855092],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.660227,37.781032],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.665546,37.752095],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.617278,37.74972],[-89.612478,37.740036],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.478399,37.598869],[-89.47603,37.590226],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.517051,37.537278],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.51834,37.285497],[-89.489915,37.251315],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.458827,37.248661],[-89.467631,37.2182],[-89.456105,37.18812],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.384681,37.048251],[-89.362397,37.030156],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.30829,37.068371],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.125069,36.983499],[-89.109498,36.976563],[-89.099594,36.964543],[-89.100762,36.944002],[-89.117567,36.887356],[-89.131944,36.857437],[-89.137969,36.847349],[-89.1704,36.841522],[-89.178888,36.831368],[-89.179229,36.812915],[-89.171069,36.798119],[-89.155891,36.789126],[-89.12353,36.785309],[-89.116563,36.767557],[-89.126134,36.751735],[-89.166888,36.759633],[-89.184523,36.753638],[-89.197808,36.739412],[-89.19948,36.716045],[-89.169522,36.688878],[-89.169467,36.674596],[-89.15908,36.666352],[-89.197654,36.628936],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.217447,36.576159],[-89.236542,36.566824],[-89.258318,36.564948],[-89.278935,36.577699],[-89.326731,36.632186],[-89.365548,36.625059],[-89.375453,36.615719],[-89.382762,36.583603],[-89.41977,36.493896],[-89.448468,36.46442],[-89.464153,36.457189],[-89.486215,36.46162],[-89.494248,36.475972],[-89.465888,36.529946],[-89.467761,36.546847],[-89.479093,36.568206],[-89.500076,36.576305],[-89.542459,36.580566],[-89.566817,36.564216],[-89.571241,36.547343],[-89.560344,36.525436],[-89.519501,36.475419],[-89.523427,36.456572],[-89.543406,36.43877],[-89.545255,36.427079],[-89.509722,36.373626],[-89.519,36.3486],[-89.545006,36.336809]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Missouri\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, H.L.","contributorId":14886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, T.J.","contributorId":76815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":43850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70195437,"text":"70195437 - 1994 - Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T08:18:26","indexId":"70195437","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5629,"text":"Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Volumes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"22","title":"Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry of sulfide mine-wastes (Short course handbook, vol. 22)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineral Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Blowes, D., Nordstrom, D.K., and Jambor, J., 1994, Secondary minerals and acid mine-water chemistry, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental geochemistry of sulfide mine-wastes (Short course handbook, vol. 22): Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Volumes, p. 247-270.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/index.php?p=25#SC22-E"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2321e4b0da30c1bfd64a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Blowes, D.W","contributorId":195353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blowes","given":"D.W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blowes, D.W","contributorId":195353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blowes","given":"D.W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017547,"text":"70017547 - 1994 - Development of saline seeps in Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70017547","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of saline seeps in Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Saline seeps are an increasingly serious problem in semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States. They result when excessive recharge of the shallow ground water in soils raises the water table locally to within one meter of the land surface, and the salinity of the shallow water is increased through evaporation. In this connection, a comprehensive study is being undertaken in Oklahoma and Texas to determine the geologic setting, hydrology, soils, land use, and history of saline-seep development.","largerWorkTitle":"National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Water Down Under 1994 Conference. Part 3 (of 3)","conferenceDate":"21 November 1994 through 25 November 1994","conferenceLocation":"Adelaide, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"IE Aust","publisherLocation":"Crows Nest, NSW","issn":"03136922","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1994, Development of saline seeps in Southwestern United States, <i>in</i> National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, v. 2, Adelaide, Aust, 21 November 1994 through 25 November 1994.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0062e4b0c8380cd4f72c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536371,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth S.","contributorId":31541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":95425,"text":"95425 - 1994 - Aeration and oxygenation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95425","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aeration and oxygenation","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture Water Reuse Systems: Engineering Design and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier; Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science; 27","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","collaboration":"95-026/PY95/NF","usgsCitation":"Watten, B., 1994, Aeration and oxygenation, chap. <i>of</i> Aquaculture Water Reuse Systems: Engineering Design and Management, p. 173-208.","productDescription":"p. 173-208","startPage":"173","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698e9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Timmons, M.B.","contributorId":105253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timmons","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505655,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Losordo, T.M.","contributorId":111581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losordo","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505656,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":299097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187696,"text":"70187696 - 1994 - Genetic diversity in Arctic-nesting geese: Implications for management and conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T09:46:32","indexId":"70187696","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5322,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","printIssn":"0078-1355","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Genetic diversity in Arctic-nesting geese: Implications for management and conservation","docAbstract":"<p>The North Pacific Rim harbors breeding populations of many unique wildlife resources, of which waterfowl are among the most abundant and taxonomically diverse. Arctic nesting geese in particular are wide-spread in distribution (Figure 1), and though only seasons residents, they have evolved many unique adaptations for breeding in northern latitudes. This diversity has been recognized and managed at many taxonomic and geographic levels (Figure 2). Populations are spatially structured on macro- and micro-geographic scales reflecting taxon-specific migratory tendencies, and breeding and winter site fidelity.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-ninth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"March 18-23, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management Institute","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"0078-1355","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., and Scribner, K.T., 1994, Genetic diversity in Arctic-nesting geese: Implications for management and conservation, <i>in</i> Transactions of the fifty-ninth North American wildlife and natural resources conference, v. 59, Anchorage, AK, March 18-23, 1993, p. 91-110.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","volume":"59","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3ae4b0a7fdb43c8c09","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCabe, Richard E.","contributorId":76489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695133,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wadsworth, Kelly G.","contributorId":42936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wadsworth","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695134,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017886,"text":"70017886 - 1994 - Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:02:38","indexId":"70017886","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"An 18 month simulation of circulation was conducted in Massachusetts Bay, a roughly 35 m deep, 100??50 km embayment on the northeastern shelf of the United States. Using a variant of the Blumberg-Mellor (1987) model, it was found that a continuous 18 month run was only possible if the velocity field was Shapiro filtered to remove two grid length energy that developed along the open boundary due to mismatch in locally generated and climatologically forced water properties. The seasonal development of temperature and salinity stratification was well-represented by the model once ??-coordinate errors were reduced by subtracting domain averaged vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and density before horizontal differencing was performed. Comparison of modeled and observed subtidal currents at fixed locations revealed that the model performance varies strongly with season and distance from the open boundaries. The model performs best during unstratified conditions, and in the interior of the bay. The model performs poorest during stratified conditions and in the regions where the bay is driven predominantly by remote fluctuations from the Gulf of Maine.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"September 8-10,1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., Jenter, H.L., and Blumberg, A.F., 1994, Modeling the seasonal circulation in Massachusetts Bay, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, September 8-10,1993, p. 578-590.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"590","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.8123779296875,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.02685546875,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.02685546875,\n              42.63799988907408\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8123779296875,\n              42.63799988907408\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.8123779296875,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4fe4b0c8380cd6fbbb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536388,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":377838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, Harry L. 0000-0002-1307-8785 hjenter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-8785","contributorId":228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"Harry","email":"hjenter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, Alan F.","contributorId":66299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017885,"text":"70017885 - 1994 - Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017885","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Pamlico and Neuse River estuaries, in North Carolina, display similar physical characteristics because of their proximity and physiographic setting. Yet, because of channel configuration and longitudinal alignment, differences in circulation and flushing exist. Spatially detailed hydrodynamic models were applied to each estuary to characterize these differences. The models were calibrated and tested using continuous records of water level and salinity collected at 15-minute intervals at sites throughout each study reach. Data and model simulations indicate that the alignment of each estuary in relation to Pamlico Sound and the predominant wind directions have significant effects on circulation and transport within each system. The range in simulated flow at the mouth of the Neuse River estuary was nearly 25 percent greater than that simulated at the mouth of the Pamlico River estuary. Simulated cumulative transport for an 11-day period in June 1991 was also greater and more dynamic in the Neuse River than in the Pamlico River. Simulated currents were generally higher in the Neuse River than in the Pamlico River and the tracking of individual particles showed greater overall movement in the Neuse River.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III","conferenceDate":"8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Oak Brook, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629759","usgsCitation":"Robbins, J.C., and Bales, J.D., 1994, Simulated circulation and transport in adjacent wind-driven estuaries in North Carolina, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling III, Oak Brook, IL, USA, 8 September 1993 through 10 September 1993, p. 105-118.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f8ae4b08c986b318fb6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","contributorId":128444,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Spaulding Malcolm L.Bedford KeithBlumberg AlanCheng RalphSwanson Craig","id":536387,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Jeanne C. 0000-0001-7804-0764 jrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-0764","contributorId":1586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Jeanne","email":"jrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38468,"text":"pp1439 - 1994 - Geology of the Blue Mountains region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Stratigraphy, physiography, and mineral resources of the Blue Mountains region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-09T20:41:51.649608","indexId":"pp1439","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1439","title":"Geology of the Blue Mountains region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Stratigraphy, physiography, and mineral resources of the Blue Mountains region","docAbstract":"PART 1: Stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of sedimentary sequences from the Wallowa terrane of northeastern Oregon has provided a unique insight into the paleogeography and depositional history of the terrane, as well as establishing important constraints on its tectonic evolution and accretionary history. Its Late Triassic history is considered here by examining the two most important sedimentary units in the Wallowa terrane-the Martin Bridge Limestone and the Hurwal Formation. \r\n\r\nConformably overlying epiclastic volcanic rocks of the Seven Devils Group, the Martin Bridge Limestone comprises shallow-water platform carbonate rocks and deeper water, off-platform slope and basin facies. Regional stratigraphic and tectonic relations suggest that the Martin Bridge was deposited in a narrow, carbonate-dominated (forearc?) basin during a lull in volcanic activity. The northern Wallowa platform was a narrow, rimmed shelf delineated by carbonate sand shoals. Interior parts of the shelf were characterized by supratidal to shallow subtidal carbonates and evaporites, which were deposited in a restricted basin. In the southern Wallowa Mountains, lithofacies of the Martin Bridge are primarily carbonate turbidites and debris flow deposits, which accumulated on a carbonate slope apron adjacent to the northern Wallowa rimmed shelf from which they were derived. \r\n\r\nDrowning of the platform in the latest Triassic, coupled with a renewed influx of volcanically derived sediments, resulted in the progradation of fine-grained turbidites of the Hurwal Formation over the carbonate platform. Within the Hurwal, Norian conglomerates of the Excelsior Gulch unit contain exotic clasts of radiolarian chert, which were probably derived from the Bakei terrane. Such a provenance provides evidence of a tectonic link between the Baker and Wallowa terranes as early as the Late Triassic, and offers support for the theory that both terranes were part of a more extensive and complex Blue Mountains island-arc terrane.  \r\n\r\nPART 2: Mesozoic rocks exposed along the Snake River in the northern Wallowa terrane represent a volcanic island and its associated sedimentary basins within the Blue Mountains island arc of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In the northern part of the Wallowa terrane, rock units include the Wild Sheep Creek, Doyle Creek, and Coon Hollow Formations, the (informal) Imnaha intrusion, and the (informal) Dry Creek stock. \r\n\r\nThe volcanic rocks of the Ladinian to Karnian Wild Sheep Creek Formation show two stages of evolution-an early dacitic phase Gower volcanic faciesY and a late mafic phase (upper volcanic facies). The two volcanic facies are separated by eruption-generated turbidites of siliceous argillites and arkosic arenites (argillitesandstone facies). The two magmatic phases of the Wild Sheep Creek Formation may be recorded by the compositional zoning from older quartz diorite and diorite to younger gabbro in the Imnaha intrusion. Although the Late Triassic Imnaha intrusion is in fault contact with the Wild Sheep Creek Formation, it may be a subduction-related pluton and was the likely magma source for the Wild Sheep Creek Formation. \r\n\r\nInterbedded with the upper volcanic facies are eruption-generated turbidite and debris flow deposits (sandstone-breccia facies) and thick carbonate units (limestone facies). The limestone facies consists of two marker units, which may represent carbonate platform environments. Clast imbrication, fossil orientation, and cross-stratification in the Wild Sheep Creek Formation indicate a shoaling to subaerial volcanic island to the south and southeast; sediment was transported to the north and northwest. \r\n\r\nThe Karnian Doyle Creek Formation consists largely of epiclastic conglomerate, sandstone, and shale that were deposited in welloxygenated basins. Vitric tuffs interbedded with these sediments suggest shallow or subaerial pyroclastic eruptions. Quartz diorite clasts in this formation may indicate uplift","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1439","usgsCitation":"Brooks, H.C., 1994, Geology of the Blue Mountains region of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington: Stratigraphy, physiography, and mineral resources of the Blue Mountains region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1439, v, 198 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1439.","productDescription":"v, 198 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":491981,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76392.htm","text":"Geology of the Iron Dyke Mine and surrounding Permian Hunsaker Creek Formation","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491980,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76391.htm","text":"Geology, mineralization, and alteration of the Red Ledge volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, western Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491979,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76390.htm","text":"Geology of the Peck Mountain massive sulfide prospect, Adams County, Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491978,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76389.htm","text":"Intra-arc basin deposits within the Wallowa terrane, Pittsburg Landing area, Oregon and Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491977,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76388.htm","text":"Geologic evolution of the Pittsburg Landing area, Snake River Canyon, Oregon and Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":491976,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76387.htm","text":"The Mesozoic geologic evolution of the northern Wallowa terrane, northeastern Oregon and western Idaho","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1439/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65023,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1439/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76380.htm","text":"Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Martin Bridge Limestone and Hurwal Formation (Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic) from the Wallowa terrane, Oregon","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mountains region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.4167,\n              44.675\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              44.675\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              46.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4167,\n              46.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.4167,\n              44.675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683261","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vallier, T.L.","contributorId":69526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749903,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, H. C.","contributorId":104548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54648,"text":"wdrMARI931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T17:56:31.122207","indexId":"wdrMARI931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1993 water year for Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 77 gaging stations, month end contents of five lakes and reservoirs, water quality at 10 gaging stations, and water levels for 137 observation wells. Data also are included for 59 low-flow partial-record stations. Miscellaneous hydrologic data were collected at various sites that were not a part of the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous discharge measurements and quality of ground water. A few pertinent stations in bordering States are also included in this report. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Gadoury, R., Socolow, R., Girouard, G., and Ramsbey, L., 1994, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-93-1, xvi, 266 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI931.","productDescription":"xvi, 266 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/mari-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496117,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/mari-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadoury, R.S.","contributorId":88030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadoury","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girouard, G.G.","contributorId":88017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girouard","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsbey, L.R.","contributorId":78393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsbey","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017413,"text":"70017413 - 1994 - Assessing the fate of dredged sediments placed in open-water sites, Northern Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessing the fate of dredged sediments placed in open-water sites, Northern Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"An integrated series of field studies and experiments have been carried out on dredged sediments placed in open water sites in Northern Chesapeake Bay. The studies include: (1) examination of the potential for fluidized sediment flow, (2) quantifying the volumetric changes that the sediments undergo during dredging process and subsequent to deposition, (3) estimating parameters for cohesive sediment erosion models from field data on currents and suspended sediment concentrations, and (4) incorporating the erosion model parameters and sediment transport equation into a 3-D hydrodynamic model for the upper Chesapeake Bay to predict transport directions and setting sites of eroded sediments under a variety of seasonal weather and river flow conditions.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"13 November 1994 through 16 November 1994","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Halka, J., Panageotou, W., Sanford, L., and Yu-Chou, S., 1994, Assessing the fate of dredged sediments placed in open-water sites, Northern Chesapeake Bay, <i>in</i> International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement, v. 2, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, 13 November 1994 through 16 November 1994, p. 1162-1171.","startPage":"1162","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede9e4b0c8380cd49ad2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McNair Clark E.","contributorId":128385,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"McNair Clark E.","id":536363,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Halka, Jeffrey","contributorId":96033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halka","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Panageotou, William","contributorId":14966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panageotou","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, Lawrence","contributorId":59195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Lawrence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yu-Chou, Shenn","contributorId":15359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu-Chou","given":"Shenn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4312,"text":"cir1097 - 1994 - Guidebook on the geology, history, and surface-water contamination and remediation in the area from Denver to Idaho Springs, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T18:13:20","indexId":"cir1097","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1097","title":"Guidebook on the geology, history, and surface-water contamination and remediation in the area from Denver to Idaho Springs, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>This guidebook for a 1-day drive in the Front Range west of Denver, Colorado, includes commentary on mountain landscapes, notes on the colorful mining history of the area, and discussions on the geology and some miningrelated environmental hazards in the Idaho Springs area. It was originally prepared as U.S. Geological Survey OpenFile Report 91-426 for a field trip sponsored by Division A-5 (Environmental Quality) of the Soil Science Society of America on October 10, 1991. That original report has been revised and expanded to make this circular more useful as a self-contained guide. A pamphlet entitled \"Mountains and Plains: Denver's Geologic Setting\" is a complimentary general interest publication that is available free of charge from map sales in building 810 on the Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, Colorado. The pamphlet contains useful background information on the geologic setting of Denver and nearby portions of the Front Range.</p><p>A few precautions and suggestions are offered to make the trip safe and enjoyable. Idaho Springs is about 7,500 feet above sea level and the lower oxygen content of the air (about 50 percent that of sea level) may adversely affect people with heart or breathing problems. The wetlands are \"wet\" so use suitable footwear. The daily weather patterns are changeable. Mornings in Denver may be sunny and warm, but afternoons in Idaho Springs may be cloudy, windy, and cool with rain or snow; be prepared for all types of mountain weather. </p><p>As you travel westward from Denver into the mountains, successively older rocks are crossed. By studying the descriptions at the various mileage points and by taking time at each described STOP, you will get an excellent overview of the geologic events that shaped the Denver Basin and the mountains to the west. After traveling some 18 miles into the mountains, you will reach the old mining town of Idaho Springs. Here, you can learn about the two longest tunnels in the area-the Argo and Big Five Tunnels-and how the mine drainage affects the water of Clear Creek. </p><p>The Argo Tunnel near the east end of Idaho Springs drains part of the large Central City and Idaho Springs hardrock mining districts and is a source of acid water (which contains arsenic and other heavy metals) that drains into Clear Creek. At the west end ofldaho Springs is the Big Five Tunnel. Near the tunnel entrance an experimental constructed wetland demonstrates technology for the remediation of acid-mine drainage and removal of arsenic and heavy metals. Take an opportunity to view this experimental method for treatment of mine drainage. For access to the wetlands, prior arrangements must be made with the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Ecology or Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado. Otherwise, the wetlands may be viewed from the road. Permission to enter the Argo Tunnel property may be obtained from Jim Maxwell of Idaho Springs, who owns the hot springs resort. The tunnel may also be viewed from public roads. </p><p>After you leave Idaho Springs, the road log guides you down Clear Creek canyon, providing an opportunity to get a closer look at the various Precambrian rocks while traveling through one of Colorado's picturesque canyons. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir1097","usgsCitation":"Severson, R.C., 1994, Guidebook on the geology, history, and surface-water contamination and remediation in the area from Denver to Idaho Springs, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1097, iv, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1097.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1994/1097/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","city":"Denver, Idaho Springs","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af08","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stewart, K. C.","contributorId":46519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749622,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Severson, Ronald C.","contributorId":104885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":232,"text":"wsp2415 - 1994 - Selected contributions to ground-water hydrology by C.V. Theis, and a review of his life and work","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:39:23","indexId":"wsp2415","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2415","title":"Selected contributions to ground-water hydrology by C.V. Theis, and a review of his life and work","docAbstract":"This publication highlights two previously unpublished papers by C.V. Theis; each is augmented with a discussion that explains why he wrote the paper, attempts to discern why he did not publish the paper, and amplifies the information with reference material not included by Theis. \r\n\r\n'A Primer on Anisotropy' was written in the early 1970's to provide practicing hydrogeologists of the day with a method of analyzing ground-water problems involving anisotropic hydraulic-conductivity distribution without using tensor mathematics. The equations were developed for horizontal flow through dipping beds with differing conductivities parallel and perpendicular to the bedding and for flow through dipping beds having three different hydraulic conductivities, one perpendicular to the bedding and two others parallel to the bedding, at an angle to the strike of the beds. \r\n\r\nAlthough most colleagues who reviewed the primer in the early 1970's encouraged its publication enthusiastically, at least one suggested the addition of some examples in which the method would be demonstrated. Handwritten notes from Theis' files indicate that he may have worked on some examples and possibly other additions to the paper. The comments by Charles A. Appel include some examples of the primer's use and augment the presentation with references to relevant published papers, both those available to Theis but not cited by him, and subsequent publications. \r\n\r\n'Aquifers, Ground-Water Bodies, and Hydrophers' was written in the early 1980's as an attempt to clarify the semantic and conceptual confusion in the use of the term aquifer, applied by some investigators to the saturated part of a permeable formation and by others to the entire permeable formation. The physical distinction between the aquifer and the ground-water body is emphasized, and the term hydropher is proposed to describe the saturated part of a permeable formation. Theis' interest in and familiarity with the French literature on ground water was the basis for a discussion of the French usage, which eschews the term aquifer. The analysis and critique of Theis' palzler explains the 1835 paper from which aquifer was reportedly derived, and provides further justification for the term hydropher. \r\n\r\nTheis' more important contributions to ground-water hydrology were outgrowths of his solutions to small local water problems based on field investigations. The biographical sketch, drawing extensively from a partial autobiography that Theis had dictated, reveals both the reasons for and the intellectual processes that led to his development of the nonequilibrium concept of ground-water hydraulics. The sketch also describes the background of the man, reviews his career, and portrays the admiration and respect he elicited from his colleagues and associates. \r\n\r\nThe magnitude of Theis' contribution to the science of ground-water hydrology, to the appraisal of the water resources of New Mexico, and to the early research on ground disposal of radioactive wastes is evident from the bibliography of his writings, which includes 168 reports, many of them unpublished. The evolution of his thinking about the role of geologic inhomogeneities in mass transport, conceptualized but not quantified, was the major contribution of the latter part of his career.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2415","usgsCitation":"contributions by Theis, C.V., Appel, C.A., Clebsch, A., and White, R.A., 1994, Selected contributions to ground-water hydrology by C.V. Theis, and a review of his life and work: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2415, vi, 70 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2415.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2415/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2415/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5f4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred","contributorId":57047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"contributions by Theis, C. V.","contributorId":80651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"contributions by Theis","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Charles A.","contributorId":14376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clebsch, Alfred","contributorId":57047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clebsch","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Robert A.","contributorId":20307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54945,"text":"wdrPA931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-03T16:23:33.86084","indexId":"wdrPA931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources dan for the 1993 waxer year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and waxer quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and waxer levels and waxer quality of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 1, includes records from the Delaware River Basin. Specifically, Volume 1 contains (1) discharge records for 94 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and 25 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 12 lakes and reservoirs; and (3) waxer-quality records for 33 gaging stations and 38 ungaged streamsites; and (4) waxer-level records for 17 observation wells. The location of these sites is shown in figures 6-9. Additional water data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented. These data together with the data in Volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National Waxer Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania. <br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, the Philadelphia Water Department and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R., Druther, R., and Moleski, P., 1994, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1993: Volume 1. Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-93-1, xiii, 299 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA931.","productDescription":"xiii, 299 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":497011,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pa-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/pa-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.916171,39.720893],[-80.075947,39.72135],[-80.421388,39.721189],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519423,39.806181],[-80.518891,39.890964],[-80.519248,39.936967],[-80.51896,40.078089],[-80.519039,40.342101],[-80.517991,40.367968],[-80.51769,40.462467],[-80.51899,40.473667],[-80.519002,40.877543],[-80.519891,40.906661],[-80.519091,40.921061],[-80.518928,41.070954],[-80.519144,41.171203],[-80.518693,41.248855],[-80.518993,41.268155],[-80.518794,41.305509],[-80.519129,41.312408],[-80.519345,41.340145],[-80.518993,41.435454],[-80.519339,41.539297],[-80.519425,41.977522],[-80.435451,42.005611],[-80.409776,42.011578],[-80.373066,42.024102],[-80.371869,42.023966],[-80.363251,42.027973],[-80.349169,42.030243],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-80.296758,42.049076],[-80.230486,42.077957],[-80.188085,42.094257],[-80.165884,42.105857],[-80.154084,42.114757],[-80.136213,42.149937],[-80.13043,42.156331],[-80.117368,42.166341],[-80.088512,42.173184],[-80.077388,42.171262],[-80.073381,42.168658],[-80.080028,42.163625],[-80.071981,42.155357],[-80.078781,42.151457],[-80.076281,42.147857],[-80.07198,42.146057],[-80.06108,42.144857],[-79.989186,42.177051],[-79.931324,42.206737],[-79.923924,42.207546],[-79.90105,42.216701],[-79.886187,42.224933],[-79.867979,42.230999],[-79.844661,42.235486],[-79.798447,42.255939],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.762152,42.243054],[-79.761759,42.162675],[-79.762122,42.131246],[-79.761709,42.11899],[-79.761798,42.019042],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.670128,41.999335],[-79.472472,41.998255],[-79.249772,41.998807],[-79.17857,41.999458],[-79.061265,41.999259],[-78.983065,41.998949],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-78.749754,41.998109],[-78.59665,41.999877],[-78.308128,41.999415],[-78.271204,41.998968],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.031177,41.999415],[-77.997508,41.998758],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-77.505308,42.00007],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.063676,42.000461],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-76.749675,42.001689],[-76.558118,42.000155],[-76.462155,41.998934],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.131201,41.998954],[-75.98025,41.999035],[-75.870677,41.998828],[-75.742217,41.997864],[-75.610316,41.99896],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-75.353504,41.99711],[-75.346568,41.995324],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.337791,41.984386],[-75.34246,41.974303],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.339488,41.970786],[-75.335771,41.970315],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.322384,41.961693],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.310358,41.949012],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.301664,41.94838],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.301593,41.952811],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.29858,41.954521],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.291762,41.947092],[-75.290966,41.945039],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.277243,41.933598],[-75.276501,41.926679],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.275368,41.919564],[-75.269736,41.911363],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.267789,41.885982],[-75.263005,41.885109],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.258439,41.875087],[-75.261488,41.873277],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.263673,41.868105],[-75.262802,41.866213],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.248045,41.8633],[-75.243345,41.866875],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.234565,41.861569],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.220125,41.860534],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.209741,41.86925],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.197836,41.868807],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.191441,41.865063],[-75.190203,41.862454],[-75.188888,41.861264],[-75.186993,41.860109],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.182271,41.862198],[-75.180497,41.86568],[-75.179134,41.869935],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.169142,41.87029],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.166217,41.853862],[-75.164168,41.851586],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.156512,41.848327],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.143824,41.851737],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.127913,41.844903],[-75.118789,41.845819],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.113441,41.836298],[-75.114998,41.8303],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.114837,41.82567],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.093537,41.813375],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.085789,41.811626],[-75.079818,41.814815],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.071751,41.811901],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.07827,41.797467],[-75.081415,41.796483],[-75.088328,41.797534],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.102329,41.786503],[-75.103548,41.782008],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.104334,41.772693],[-75.103492,41.771238],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.09281,41.768361],[-75.079478,41.771205],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.072664,41.768807],[-75.068567,41.767298],[-75.064901,41.766686],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.052808,41.744725],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053527,41.72715],[-75.049699,41.715093],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.050689,41.711969],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.061174,41.712935],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.068642,41.710146],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.056745,41.695703],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.051234,41.682439],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052653,41.678436],[-75.058765,41.674412],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.05843,41.669653],[-75.057251,41.668933],[-75.053991,41.668194],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.048683,41.656317],[-75.049281,41.641862],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.048199,41.632011],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.045508,41.616203],[-75.047298,41.615791],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.051856,41.618157],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.06156,41.616429],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.059956,41.612306],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.062716,41.609639],[-75.067795,41.610143],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.074626,41.607905],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.066955,41.599428],[-75.063677,41.594739],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.052858,41.587772],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.043879,41.575094],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.036989,41.567049],[-75.033162,41.565092],[-75.029211,41.564637],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.016328,41.546501],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.017626,41.542734],[-75.022828,41.541456],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.024757,41.535099],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.016616,41.53211],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.009552,41.528461],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.001297,41.52065],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.000935,41.517638],[-75.002592,41.51456],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.003694,41.509295],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-74.999612,41.5074],[-74.993893,41.508754],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-74.985653,41.507926],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.982385,41.500981],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.982463,41.496467],[-74.985247,41.489113],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.985004,41.483703],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.969887,41.477438],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.956411,41.476735],[-74.94808,41.480625],[-74.945634,41.483213],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.926835,41.478327],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.908133,41.468117],[-74.908103,41.464639],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.9042,41.459806],[-74.895069,41.45819],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.889116,41.452534],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.894931,41.446099],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.876721,41.440338],[-74.864688,41.443993],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.848602,41.440179],[-74.845572,41.437577],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.828592,41.430698],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.82288,41.436792],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.812123,41.442982],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.80037,41.43606],[-74.800095,41.432661],[-74.799546,41.43129],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.793856,41.422671],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.784339,41.422397],[-74.778029,41.425104],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.77065,41.42623],[-74.763701,41.423612],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.754359,41.425147],[-74.75068,41.427984],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.740932,41.43116],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.735519,41.427465],[-74.734893,41.425818],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738684,41.413463],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.741717,41.40788],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.738554,41.401191],[-74.736103,41.398398],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.730384,41.39566],[-74.720891,41.39469],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.710391,41.382102],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.703282,41.375093],[-74.694968,41.370431],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.689516,41.363843],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691076,41.36034],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.998649,39.721576],[-76.013067,39.72192],[-76.233259,39.721305],[-76.715594,39.721103],[-76.8901,39.720401],[-76.936601,39.720701],[-76.990903,39.7198],[-77.058204,39.7202],[-77.534758,39.720134],[-77.724115,39.720894],[-77.874719,39.722219],[-78.330715,39.722689],[-78.337111,39.722461],[-78.438839,39.722481],[-78.461422,39.722869],[-78.537702,39.72249],[-78.546415,39.722869],[-78.575893,39.722561],[-78.723529,39.723043],[-79.045548,39.722883],[-79.548465,39.720778],[-79.610623,39.721245],[-79.763774,39.720776],[-79.916171,39.720893]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5facff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, R.","contributorId":85832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Druther, R.L.","contributorId":94376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druther","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moleski, P.","contributorId":44983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moleski","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21240,"text":"ofr9452 - 1994 - U.S. Geological Survey national computer technology meeting; program and abstracts, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 10-15, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T19:39:41.832221","indexId":"ofr9452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-52","title":"U.S. Geological Survey national computer technology meeting; program and abstracts, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 10-15, 1994","docAbstract":"This report contains some of the abstracts of papers that were presented at the National Computer Technology Meeting that was held in April 1994. This meeting was sponsored by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, and was attended by more than 200 technical and managerial personnel representing all the Divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey. Computer-related information from all Divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey are discussed in this compilation of abstracts. Some of the topics addressed are data transfer, data-base management, hydrologic applications, national water information systems, and geographic information systems applications and techniques.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9452","usgsCitation":"Balthrop, B.H., and Baker, E., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey national computer technology meeting; program and abstracts, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 10-15, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-52, xvi, 61 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9452.","productDescription":"xvi, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/ofr_94-52/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"New Orleans","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balthrop, B. H. (compiler)","contributorId":92286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balthrop","given":"B.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, E.G.","contributorId":84382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045322,"text":"70045322 - 1994 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:28:20","indexId":"70045322","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1992","docAbstract":"This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal agencies conducting sedimentation investigations. The decision to publish the report was made in 1946, from a proposal by the Chairman of the Federal Interagency River Basin Committee, Subcommittee on Sedimentation. The subcommittee approved the proposal and agreed to issue this report as a means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of sedimentation. The report was issued on a quarterly basis in 1946 and 1947, from 1948 to 1953 reports were issued every 6 months, and from 1954 to present, the report has been issued annually.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1994, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1992, xxviii, 229 p.","productDescription":"xxviii, 229 p.","numberOfPages":"260","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"1992-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045322/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272719,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045322/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653871e4b077fa94dae005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046627,"text":"ofr19940236 - 1994 - 1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T14:33:33","indexId":"ofr19940236","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1994-0236","title":"1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States","docAbstract":"The Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) was developed in the mid 70s to put into digital form a numberof data layers which were of interest to the USGS. One of these data layers was the Hydrologic Units. The map is based on the Hydrologic Unit Maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Data Coordination, together with the list descriptions and name of region, subregion, accounting units, and cataloging unit. The hydrologic units are encoded with an eight-digit number that indicates the hydrologic region (first two digits), hydrologic subregion (second two digits), accounting unit (third two digits), and cataloging unit (fourth two digits). The data produced by GIRAS was originally collected at a scale of 1:250K.  Some areas, notably major cities in the west, were recompiled at a scale of 1:100K. In order to join the data together and use the data in a geographic information system (GIS) the data were processed in the ARC/INFO GUS software package.  Within the GIS, the data were edgematched and the neatline boundaries between maps were removed to create a single data set for the conterminous\nUnited States. NOTE: A version of this data theme that is more throughly checked (though based on smaller-scale maps) is available here: http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?huc2m","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr19940236","usgsCitation":"Steeves, P., and Nebert, D., 1994, 1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1994-0236, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr19940236.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273843,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/huc250k.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.90613546,22.8757219 ], [ -127.90613546,48.28250713 ], [ -65.32190735,48.28250713 ], [ -65.32190735,22.8757219 ], [ -127.90613546,22.8757219 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491be4b0b290850eee4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steeves, Peter","contributorId":38049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nebert, Douglas","contributorId":60389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nebert","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54673,"text":"wdrME931 - 1994 - Water resources data, Maine, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T14:28:53.163624","indexId":"wdrME931","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ME-93-1","title":"Water resources data, Maine, water year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State, Federal, and other local governmental agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Maine each year. These data, accumulated during the many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State.</p><p>Water-resources data for the 1993 water year for Maine consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of ground-water wells; and precipitation amounts at selected sites. This report contains discharge records for 47 gaging stations, stage records for 1 lake; month-end contents for 17 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality data for 12 gaging stations; water levels for 30 ground-water wells; and daily precipitation totals at 1 site. Additional water data were collected at other sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrME931","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Maine and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J., Higgins, W., and Lippert, R.G., 1994, Water resources data, Maine, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ME-93-1, xiv, 233 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrME931.","productDescription":"xiv, 233 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/me-93-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":495326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1993/me-93-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.152589,43.746794],[-70.158456,43.751616],[-70.147646,43.758585],[-70.145911,43.772119],[-70.128271,43.774009],[-70.14089,43.753204],[-70.152589,43.746794]]],[[[-70.135957,43.753219],[-70.129721,43.76408],[-70.117688,43.765693],[-70.135957,43.753219]]],[[[-70.171245,43.663498],[-70.205934,43.633633],[-70.211062,43.641842],[-70.200116,43.662978],[-70.188047,43.673762],[-70.171245,43.663498]]],[[[-70.186213,43.682655],[-70.210825,43.661695],[-70.213948,43.666161],[-70.201893,43.685483],[-70.191041,43.689071],[-70.186213,43.682655]]],[[[-70.163884,43.692404],[-70.146115,43.701635],[-70.135563,43.700658],[-70.154503,43.680933],[-70.168227,43.675136],[-70.173571,43.683734],[-70.163884,43.692404]]],[[[-70.087621,43.699913],[-70.093704,43.6918],[-70.099594,43.695366],[-70.115908,43.682978],[-70.118174,43.686375],[-70.093113,43.710524],[-70.097184,43.700929],[-70.087621,43.699913]]],[[[-70.119671,43.748621],[-70.097318,43.757292],[-70.094986,43.753211],[-70.107812,43.734555],[-70.108978,43.722312],[-70.129383,43.70832],[-70.138128,43.718231],[-70.138711,43.727559],[-70.119671,43.748621]]],[[[-68.499465,44.12419],[-68.491521,44.109833],[-68.502942,44.099722],[-68.51706,44.10341],[-68.518703,44.113222],[-68.511266,44.125082],[-68.499465,44.12419]]],[[[-68.358388,44.125082],[-68.346724,44.127749],[-68.331032,44.10758],[-68.338012,44.101473],[-68.365176,44.101464],[-68.375382,44.11646],[-68.358388,44.125082]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.416434,44.187047],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.396634,44.14069],[-68.438518,44.11618],[-68.448646,44.125581],[-68.447505,44.133493],[-68.456813,44.145268],[-68.496639,44.146855],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.500817,44.160026],[-68.474365,44.181875],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.623554,44.255622],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.612749,44.207722],[-68.624994,44.197637],[-68.618872,44.18107],[-68.643002,44.15766],[-68.670014,44.151537],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.681899,44.138212],[-68.692343,44.153698],[-68.713232,44.160541],[-68.720435,44.169185],[-68.714313,44.20376],[-68.722956,44.219607],[-68.718635,44.228611],[-68.700627,44.234013],[-68.680458,44.262105],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.355279,44.199096],[-68.333227,44.207308],[-68.314789,44.197157],[-68.321178,44.199032],[-68.332639,44.192131],[-68.339029,44.171839],[-68.347416,44.169459],[-68.378872,44.184222],[-68.364469,44.197534],[-68.355279,44.199096]]],[[[-68.472831,44.219767],[-68.453843,44.201683],[-68.459182,44.197681],[-68.48452,44.202886],[-68.482726,44.227058],[-68.470323,44.22832],[-68.472831,44.219767]]],[[[-68.792139,44.237819],[-68.769833,44.222787],[-68.769047,44.213351],[-68.780055,44.203129],[-68.829593,44.21689],[-68.839422,44.236547],[-68.827627,44.242838],[-68.792139,44.237819]]],[[[-68.23638,44.266254],[-68.214641,44.263156],[-68.211329,44.257074],[-68.24031,44.251622],[-68.240806,44.239723],[-68.248913,44.235443],[-68.274427,44.237099],[-68.274719,44.258675],[-68.246598,44.257836],[-68.23638,44.266254]]],[[[-68.498637,44.369686],[-68.478785,44.319563],[-68.489641,44.313705],[-68.530394,44.333583],[-68.518573,44.381022],[-68.501364,44.382281],[-68.498637,44.369686]]],[[[-68.618212,44.012367],[-68.635315,44.018886],[-68.657031,44.003823],[-68.659874,44.022758],[-68.650767,44.039908],[-68.661594,44.075837],[-68.627893,44.088128],[-68.6181,44.096706],[-68.609722,44.094674],[-68.584074,44.070578],[-68.590792,44.058662],[-68.601099,44.058362],[-68.610703,44.013422],[-68.618212,44.012367]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.818441,44.032046],[-68.874139,44.025359],[-68.889717,44.032516],[-68.899997,44.06696],[-68.913406,44.08519],[-68.908984,44.110001],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.917286,44.148239],[-68.847249,44.183017],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.819156,44.180462],[-68.82284,44.173693],[-68.818423,44.160978],[-68.782375,44.14531],[-68.792065,44.136759],[-68.818039,44.136852],[-68.820515,44.130198],[-68.815562,44.115836],[-68.806832,44.116339],[-68.790525,44.09292],[-68.772639,44.078439],[-68.77029,44.069566],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-67.619761,44.519754],[-67.582113,44.513459],[-67.590627,44.49415],[-67.562651,44.472104],[-67.571774,44.453403],[-67.588346,44.449754],[-67.604919,44.502056],[-67.619211,44.506009],[-67.619761,44.519754]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.919301,44.309872],[-68.919325,44.335392],[-68.90353,44.378613],[-68.87894,44.386584],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.860649,44.364425],[-68.87169,44.344662],[-68.89285,44.334653],[-68.896587,44.321986],[-68.88746,44.303094],[-68.904255,44.279889],[-68.916872,44.242866],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.94709,44.226792],[-68.955332,44.243873],[-68.965896,44.249754],[-68.965264,44.259332],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-70.353392,43.535405],[-70.379123,43.507202],[-70.385615,43.487031],[-70.380233,43.46423],[-70.349684,43.442032],[-70.370514,43.434133],[-70.384949,43.418839],[-70.39089,43.402607],[-70.421282,43.395777],[-70.427672,43.389254],[-70.424986,43.375928],[-70.460717,43.34325],[-70.517695,43.344037],[-70.553854,43.321886],[-70.593907,43.249295],[-70.576692,43.217651],[-70.618973,43.163625],[-70.638355,43.114182],[-70.655322,43.098008],[-70.665958,43.076234],[-70.703818,43.059825],[-70.708896,43.074989],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.756397,43.079988],[-70.766398,43.092688],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.8268,43.127086],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.828301,43.186685],[-70.819146,43.195157],[-70.811852,43.228306],[-70.817773,43.237408],[-70.837274,43.242321],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.861384,43.263143],[-70.881704,43.272483],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.906005,43.291682],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.91246,43.308289],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.93711,43.337367],[-70.956528,43.334691],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.982565,43.39778],[-70.987249,43.411863],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.9669,43.450458],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.967968,43.480783],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.963281,43.538929],[-70.950838,43.551026],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.989037,43.792154],[-71.031039,44.655455],[-71.084334,45.305293],[-71.059265,45.313753],[-71.030565,45.312652],[-71.00905,45.319022],[-71.002563,45.327819],[-71.011144,45.334679],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.985595,45.332188],[-70.950824,45.33453],[-70.939188,45.320177],[-70.917904,45.311924],[-70.912111,45.296197],[-70.9217,45.279445],[-70.898565,45.258502],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.885029,45.234873],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.83877,45.237555],[-70.848319,45.244707],[-70.848554,45.263325],[-70.839042,45.269132],[-70.829661,45.290369],[-70.812338,45.302006],[-70.808613,45.311606],[-70.808322,45.325824],[-70.816585,45.330554],[-70.819828,45.340109],[-70.81445,45.356544],[-70.803848,45.364247],[-70.806244,45.376558],[-70.826033,45.398408],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.755567,45.428361],[-70.744077,45.421091],[-70.743775,45.411925],[-70.729972,45.399359],[-70.712286,45.390611],[-70.677995,45.394362],[-70.66116,45.386039],[-70.660775,45.378176],[-70.651175,45.377123],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.631354,45.41634],[-70.635498,45.427817],[-70.649739,45.442771],[-70.674903,45.452399],[-70.691762,45.471233],[-70.717047,45.487732],[-70.721611,45.515058],[-70.687605,45.549099],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.659286,45.58688],[-70.644687,45.607083],[-70.592252,45.629865],[-70.5584,45.666671],[-70.525831,45.666551],[-70.469869,45.701639],[-70.438878,45.704387],[-70.400404,45.719834],[-70.383552,45.734869],[-70.388501,45.749717],[-70.406548,45.761813],[-70.417641,45.79377],[-70.395907,45.798885],[-70.39662,45.808486],[-70.387916,45.819043],[-70.34244,45.852192],[-70.306162,45.85974],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.253897,45.906524],[-70.263313,45.923832],[-70.240177,45.943729],[-70.26541,45.962692],[-70.31628,45.963113],[-70.307463,45.982541],[-70.284571,45.995384],[-70.303034,45.998976],[-70.317629,46.01908],[-70.278334,46.057019],[-70.284176,46.062758],[-70.310609,46.064544],[-70.284554,46.098713],[-70.254021,46.0996],[-70.255038,46.108348],[-70.237947,46.147378],[-70.278034,46.175001],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.272054,46.209833],[-70.248421,46.267072],[-70.232682,46.284428],[-70.205719,46.299865],[-70.203119,46.31438],[-70.208733,46.328961],[-70.191412,46.348072],[-70.174709,46.358472],[-70.148529,46.358923],[-70.129734,46.369384],[-70.125459,46.381352],[-70.11044,46.38611],[-70.096286,46.40943],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.203886,47.452203],[-69.178412,47.456615],[-69.146439,47.44886],[-69.082508,47.423976],[-69.061192,47.433052],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.036882,47.407977],[-69.045403,47.39191],[-69.039818,47.386309],[-69.053885,47.377878],[-69.054628,47.315911],[-69.049118,47.306471],[-69.052748,47.294403],[-69.047076,47.267089],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-69.033456,47.240984],[-68.966433,47.212712],[-68.96113,47.205582],[-68.942484,47.206386],[-68.920253,47.195048],[-68.919752,47.189859],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.857519,47.19095],[-68.812157,47.215461],[-68.764487,47.222331],[-68.717867,47.240919],[-68.705314,47.238066],[-68.687662,47.244215],[-68.664071,47.236762],[-68.619749,47.243218],[-68.595427,47.257698],[-68.59688,47.271731],[-68.578551,47.287551],[-68.553896,47.28225],[-68.517982,47.296092],[-68.474851,47.297534],[-68.448844,47.282547],[-68.378678,47.287561],[-68.376319,47.294257],[-68.384706,47.305094],[-68.380334,47.340242],[-68.355171,47.35707],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-68.303778,47.355524],[-68.284101,47.360389],[-68.265138,47.352543],[-68.234604,47.355035],[-68.214551,47.339637],[-68.15515,47.32542],[-68.152302,47.309878],[-68.137059,47.296068],[-68.082896,47.271921],[-68.074061,47.259764],[-68.019724,47.238036],[-67.991871,47.212042],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.935868,47.164843],[-67.893266,47.129943],[-67.881302,47.103913],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.781095,45.943032],[-67.777626,45.934207],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.763725,45.91043],[-67.767827,45.898568],[-67.803318,45.883718],[-67.803678,45.869379],[-67.796514,45.859961],[-67.755068,45.82367],[-67.780507,45.817622],[-67.801989,45.803546],[-67.806598,45.794723],[-67.806308,45.755405],[-67.793083,45.750559],[-67.781892,45.731189],[-67.809833,45.729274],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.803313,45.677886],[-67.768648,45.677581],[-67.754245,45.667791],[-67.720401,45.662522],[-67.71799,45.665243],[-67.73372,45.684233],[-67.734605,45.688987],[-67.729908,45.689012],[-67.710464,45.679372],[-67.675417,45.630959],[-67.64581,45.613597],[-67.640238,45.616178],[-67.644206,45.62322],[-67.639741,45.624771],[-67.606172,45.606533],[-67.499444,45.587014],[-67.488452,45.594643],[-67.491061,45.598917],[-67.455406,45.604665],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.420976,45.550029],[-67.425399,45.540795],[-67.432236,45.541023],[-67.435275,45.530781],[-67.432207,45.519996],[-67.416416,45.503515],[-67.462882,45.508691],[-67.470732,45.500067],[-67.503088,45.489688],[-67.499767,45.47805],[-67.482353,45.460825],[-67.484328,45.451955],[-67.473366,45.425328],[-67.430001,45.392965],[-67.418747,45.37726],[-67.434281,45.365438],[-67.427797,45.355471],[-67.434996,45.340133],[-67.456288,45.32644],[-67.452267,45.316839],[-67.460554,45.300379],[-67.466091,45.29416],[-67.485683,45.291433],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.46357,45.244097],[-67.453473,45.241127],[-67.43998,45.227047],[-67.428889,45.193213],[-67.407139,45.179425],[-67.404629,45.159926],[-67.383635,45.152259],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.294881,45.149666],[-67.302568,45.161348],[-67.291417,45.17145],[-67.290603,45.187589],[-67.283619,45.192022],[-67.246697,45.180765],[-67.242293,45.17224],[-67.227324,45.163652],[-67.203933,45.171407],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-67.112414,45.112323],[-67.090786,45.068721],[-67.105899,45.065786],[-67.117688,45.05673],[-67.082074,45.029608],[-67.068274,45.001014],[-67.05461,44.986764],[-67.033474,44.939923],[-66.984466,44.912557],[-66.990351,44.882551],[-66.978142,44.856963],[-66.996523,44.844654],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-66.975009,44.815495],[-66.952112,44.82007],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-66.961068,44.807269],[-66.979708,44.80736],[-67.02615,44.768199],[-67.04335,44.765071],[-67.05516,44.771442],[-67.062239,44.769543],[-67.073439,44.741957],[-67.098931,44.741311],[-67.103957,44.717444],[-67.128792,44.695421],[-67.139209,44.693849],[-67.155119,44.66944],[-67.169857,44.662105],[-67.186612,44.66265],[-67.192068,44.655515],[-67.189427,44.645533],[-67.234275,44.637201],[-67.251247,44.640825],[-67.274122,44.626345],[-67.27706,44.61795],[-67.273076,44.610873],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.314938,44.598215],[-67.32297,44.609394],[-67.310745,44.613212],[-67.293665,44.634316],[-67.292462,44.648455],[-67.309627,44.659316],[-67.307909,44.691295],[-67.300144,44.696752],[-67.299176,44.705705],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.355966,44.69906],[-67.376742,44.681852],[-67.381149,44.66947],[-67.367298,44.652472],[-67.363158,44.631825],[-67.377554,44.619757],[-67.386605,44.626974],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.428367,44.609136],[-67.457747,44.598014],[-67.492373,44.61795],[-67.493632,44.628863],[-67.505804,44.636837],[-67.522802,44.63306],[-67.530777,44.621938],[-67.543368,44.626554],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.575056,44.560659],[-67.562321,44.539435],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.648506,44.525403],[-67.660678,44.537575],[-67.685861,44.537155],[-67.702649,44.527922],[-67.698872,44.51575],[-67.71419,44.495238],[-67.733986,44.496252],[-67.743353,44.497418],[-67.742942,44.526453],[-67.753854,44.543661],[-67.774001,44.547438],[-67.779457,44.543661],[-67.781556,44.520577],[-67.79726,44.520685],[-67.808837,44.544081],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.845772,44.551636],[-67.843254,44.542822],[-67.856684,44.523934],[-67.851648,44.484901],[-67.868774,44.465272],[-67.868875,44.456881],[-67.851764,44.428695],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-67.868856,44.424672],[-67.878509,44.435585],[-67.887323,44.433066],[-67.899571,44.394078],[-67.913346,44.430128],[-67.926357,44.431807],[-67.931453,44.411848],[-67.955737,44.416278],[-67.961613,44.4125],[-67.961613,44.39907],[-67.978876,44.387034],[-67.985668,44.386917],[-68.000646,44.406624],[-68.010719,44.407464],[-68.019533,44.396971],[-68.01399,44.390255],[-68.034223,44.360456],[-68.044296,44.357938],[-68.043037,44.343667],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.067047,44.335692],[-68.076066,44.347925],[-68.077873,44.373047],[-68.086268,44.376405],[-68.092983,44.370949],[-68.11229,44.401588],[-68.119845,44.445658],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.150904,44.482383],[-68.17105,44.470211],[-68.194554,44.47189],[-68.189517,44.478605],[-68.192036,44.487419],[-68.213861,44.492456],[-68.223934,44.487],[-68.224354,44.464335],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.2445,44.471051],[-68.252474,44.483222],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.270522,44.459718],[-68.281015,44.451324],[-68.298223,44.449225],[-68.299063,44.437893],[-68.294865,44.432857],[-68.268423,44.440411],[-68.247438,44.433276],[-68.24366,44.420685],[-68.249956,44.414809],[-68.21554,44.390466],[-68.20354,44.392365],[-68.184532,44.369145],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.233435,44.288578],[-68.275139,44.288895],[-68.289409,44.283858],[-68.298223,44.276303],[-68.298643,44.26665],[-68.290818,44.247673],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.343132,44.229505],[-68.377982,44.247563],[-68.401268,44.252244],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.430853,44.312609],[-68.409027,44.32562],[-68.421619,44.336113],[-68.409867,44.356259],[-68.396552,44.363941],[-68.398035,44.376191],[-68.3581,44.392337],[-68.359082,44.402847],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.387678,44.430936],[-68.392559,44.41807],[-68.416412,44.397973],[-68.427874,44.3968],[-68.433901,44.401534],[-68.429648,44.439136],[-68.439281,44.448043],[-68.455095,44.447498],[-68.46382,44.436592],[-68.458849,44.412141],[-68.464106,44.398078],[-68.461072,44.378504],[-68.466109,44.377245],[-68.47828,44.378084],[-68.483317,44.388157],[-68.472824,44.404106],[-68.480379,44.432647],[-68.485415,44.434326],[-68.494649,44.429709],[-68.499686,44.414179],[-68.51452,44.41334],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.555088,44.403687],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.564741,44.385219],[-68.559285,44.374307],[-68.550051,44.371788],[-68.545434,44.355],[-68.563209,44.333039],[-68.566203,44.313007],[-68.556236,44.300819],[-68.538595,44.299902],[-68.531532,44.290388],[-68.528611,44.276117],[-68.519516,44.265046],[-68.529802,44.249594],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.550802,44.236534],[-68.603385,44.27471],[-68.682979,44.299201],[-68.733004,44.328388],[-68.762021,44.329597],[-68.795063,44.30786],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.825419,44.334547],[-68.814811,44.362194],[-68.821767,44.40894],[-68.815325,44.42808],[-68.801634,44.434803],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.829153,44.462242],[-68.880271,44.428112],[-68.897104,44.450643],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-68.931934,44.43869],[-68.946582,44.429108],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-68.990767,44.415033],[-68.978815,44.38634],[-68.961111,44.375076],[-68.948164,44.355882],[-68.954465,44.32405],[-68.979005,44.296327],[-69.003682,44.294582],[-69.005071,44.274071],[-69.040193,44.233673],[-69.054546,44.171542],[-69.079835,44.160953],[-69.075667,44.129991],[-69.080331,44.117824],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.101107,44.093601],[-69.092,44.085734],[-69.050814,44.094888],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.048917,44.062506],[-69.056093,44.06949],[-69.067876,44.067596],[-69.079805,44.055256],[-69.073767,44.046135],[-69.125738,44.019623],[-69.124475,44.007419],[-69.170345,43.995637],[-69.193805,43.975543],[-69.19633,43.950504],[-69.203668,43.941806],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.267515,43.943667],[-69.280498,43.95744],[-69.31427,43.942951],[-69.319751,43.94487],[-69.304301,43.962068],[-69.331411,43.974311],[-69.351961,43.974748],[-69.366702,43.964755],[-69.388059,43.96434],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.421072,43.938261],[-69.423324,43.915507],[-69.459637,43.903316],[-69.483498,43.88028],[-69.50329,43.837673],[-69.514889,43.831298],[-69.513267,43.84479],[-69.520301,43.868498],[-69.524673,43.875639],[-69.543912,43.881615],[-69.54945,43.880012],[-69.545028,43.861241],[-69.552606,43.841347],[-69.572697,43.844012],[-69.578527,43.823316],[-69.588551,43.81836],[-69.604179,43.813551],[-69.604616,43.825793],[-69.592373,43.830895],[-69.589167,43.851299],[-69.594705,43.858878],[-69.604616,43.858004],[-69.621086,43.826814],[-69.634932,43.845907],[-69.649798,43.836287],[-69.653337,43.79103],[-69.664922,43.791033],[-69.685579,43.820546],[-69.705838,43.823024],[-69.714873,43.810264],[-69.719723,43.786685],[-69.752801,43.75594],[-69.780097,43.755397],[-69.778494,43.747089],[-69.835323,43.721125],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-69.855081,43.704746],[-69.858947,43.740531],[-69.868673,43.742701],[-69.862155,43.758962],[-69.869732,43.775656],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-69.903164,43.77239],[-69.927011,43.780174],[-69.948539,43.765948],[-69.958056,43.767786],[-69.982574,43.750801],[-69.992615,43.724793],[-70.001645,43.717666],[-70.006954,43.717065],[-69.998793,43.740385],[-70.001708,43.744466],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.034355,43.759041],[-69.99821,43.798684],[-70.002874,43.812093],[-70.011035,43.810927],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.023278,43.834247],[-70.002874,43.848239],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.019197,43.858733],[-70.064671,43.813259],[-70.06642,43.819672],[-70.080995,43.819672],[-70.107229,43.809178],[-70.142792,43.791688],[-70.153869,43.781194],[-70.153869,43.774781],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.17544,43.777113],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.197593,43.753211],[-70.194678,43.742134],[-70.217998,43.71998],[-70.216832,43.704822],[-70.23199,43.704822],[-70.251812,43.683251],[-70.254144,43.676839],[-70.242289,43.669544],[-70.240987,43.659132],[-70.211204,43.625765],[-70.217087,43.596717],[-70.214369,43.590445],[-70.20112,43.586515],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.206123,43.557627],[-70.231963,43.561118],[-70.244331,43.551849],[-70.261917,43.553687],[-70.272497,43.562616],[-70.307764,43.544315],[-70.353392,43.535405]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maine\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb75f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, J.P.","contributorId":76355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, W.B.","contributorId":21627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lippert, R. G.","contributorId":68356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lippert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}