Measurements of in-situ magnetic susceptibility were compiled from mainly Precambrian crystalline basement rocks beneath the Colorado Plateau and ranges in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The susceptibility meter used measures about 30 cm3 of rock and measures variations in the modal distribution of magnetic minerals that form a minor component volumetrically in these coarsely crystalline granitic to granodioritic rocks. Recent measurements include 50–150 measurements on each outcrop, and show that the distribution of magnetic susceptibilities is highly variable, multimodal and strongly non-Gaussian. Although the distribution of magnetic susceptibility is well known to be multifractal, the small number of data points at an outcrop precludes calculation of the multifractal spectrum by conventional methods. Instead, a brute force approach was adopted using multiplicative cascade models to fit the outcrop scale variability of magnetic minerals. Model segment proportion and length parameters resulted in 26 676 models to span parameter space. Distributions at each outcrop were normalized to unity magnetic susceptibility and added to compare all data for a rock body accounting for variations in petrology and alteration. Once the best-fitting model was found, the equation relating the segment proportion and length parameters was solved numerically to yield the multifractal spectrum estimate. For the best fits, the relative density (the proportion divided by the segment length) of one segment tends to be dominant and the other two densities are smaller and nearly equal. No other consistent relationships between the best fit parameters were identified. The multifractal spectrum estimates appear to distinguish between metamorphic gneiss sites and sites on plutons, even if the plutons have been metamorphosed. In particular, rocks that have undergone multiple tectonic events tend to have a larger range of scaling exponents.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/npg-19-635-2012","usgsCitation":"Gettings, M.E., 2012, Multifractal model of magnetic susceptibility distributions in some igneous rocks: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, v. 19, p. 635-642, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-635-2012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"642","ipdsId":"IP-042313","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-635-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eafe4b062508e3c7abb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gettings, Mark E. 0000-0002-2910-2321 mgetting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2321","contributorId":602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"Mark","email":"mgetting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70032283,"text":"70032283 - 2012 - The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T17:49:49.83412","indexId":"70032283","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California","docAbstract":"Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of 280–600 g m−2 yr−1. The biotic/abiotic (A/B) interface separates seasonally reversible nutrient gradients, reflecting biological cycling in the shallower soils, from downward chemical weathering gradients in the deeper soils. The A/B interface is pedologically defined by argillic clay horizons centered at soil depths of about one meter which intensify with soil age. Below these horizons, elevated solute Na/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios reflect plagioclase and smectite weathering along pore water flow paths. Above the A/B interface, lower cation ratios denote temporal variability due to seasonal plant nutrient uptake and litter leaching. Potassium and Ca exhibit no seasonal variability beneath the A/B interface, indicating closed nutrient cycling within the root zone, whereas Mg variability below the A/B interface denotes downward leakage resulting from higher inputs of marine aerosols and lower plant nutrient requirements.
The fraction of a mineral nutrient annually cycled through the plants, compared to that lost from pore water discharge, is defined their respective fluxes Fj,plants = qj,plants/(qj,plants + qj,discharge) with average values for K and Ca (FK,plants = 0.99; FCa,plants = 0.93) much higher than for Mg and Na (FMg,plants 0.64; FNa,plants = 0.28). The discrimination against Rb and Sr by plants is described by fractionation factors (KSr/Ca = 0.86; KRb/K = 0.83) which are used in Rayleigh fractionation-mixing calculations to fit seasonal patterns in solute K and Ca cycling. KRb/K and
Analytical results for parameters, such as static stress drop, for stick-slip friction experiments, with arbitrary input parameters, can be determined by solving an energy-balance equation. These results can then be related to a given earthquake based on its seismic moment and the maximum slip within its rupture zone, assuming that the rupture process entails the same physics as stick-slip friction. This analysis yields overshoots and ratios of apparent stress to static stress drop of about 0.25. The inferred earthquake source parameters static stress drop, apparent stress, slip rate, and radiated energy are robust inasmuch as they are largely independent of the experimental parameters used in their estimation. Instead, these earthquake parameters depend on C, the ratio of maximum slip to the cube root of the seismic moment. C is controlled by the normal stress applied to the rupture plane and the difference between the static and dynamic coefficients of friction. Estimating yield stress and seismic efficiency using the same procedure is only possible when the actual static and dynamic coefficients of friction are known within the earthquake rupture zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2011GL050327","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A.F., 2012, Relating stick-slip friction experiments to earthquake source parameters: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 5, L05303; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050327.","productDescription":"L05303; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-035938","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl050327","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bc2e4b0531197afa076","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Arthur F. 0000-0001-9769-4093 mcgarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":3178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Arthur","email":"mcgarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192326,"text":"70192326 - 2012 - Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T13:51:36.914247","indexId":"70192326","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout ","title":"Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout ","docAbstract":"As part of the government response to the Deepwater Horizon blowout, a Well Integrity Team evaluated the geologic hazards of shutting in the Macondo Well at the seafloor and determined the conditions under which it could safely be undertaken. Of particular concern was the possibility that, under the anticipated high shut-in pressures, oil could leak out of the well casing below the seafloor. Such a leak could lead to new geologic pathways for hydrocarbon release to the Gulf of Mexico. Evaluating this hazard required analyses of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, seafloor bathymetry, sediment properties, geophysical well logs, and drilling data to assess the geological, hydrological, and geomechanical conditions around the Macondo Well. After the well was successfully capped and shut in on July 15, 2010, a variety of monitoring activities were used to assess subsurface well integrity. These activities included acquisition of wellhead pressure data, marine multichannel seismic profiles, seafloor and water-column sonar surveys, and wellhead visual/acoustic monitoring. These data showed that the Macondo Well was not leaking after shut in, and therefore, it could remain safely shut until reservoir pressures were suppressed (killed) with heavy drilling mud and the well was sealed with cement.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1115847109","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S.H., Hsieh, P.A., Mooney, W.D., Enomoto, C.B., Nelson, P.H., Weber, T.S., Mayer, L., Moran, K., Flemings, P., and McNutt, M.K., 2012, Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout : PNAS, v. 109, no. 50, p. 20268-20273, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115847109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"20268","endPage":"20273","ipdsId":"IP-036940","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115847109","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 22.350075806124867\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"50","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2aae4b0220bbd9d9fd4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, James R.","contributorId":62601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715630,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayer, Larry","contributorId":197131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Flemings, Peter","contributorId":198205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flemings","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":13127,"text":"Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moran, Kathryn","contributorId":198206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moran","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35204,"text":"Offfice of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weber, Thomas S.","contributorId":198207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McNutt, Marcia K. 0000-0003-0117-7716 mcnutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-7716","contributorId":327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Marcia","email":"mcnutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70176142,"text":"70176142 - 2012 - Assessment of two nonnative poeciliid fishes for monitoring selenium exposure in the endangered desert pupfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:15:48","indexId":"70176142","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of two nonnative poeciliid fishes for monitoring selenium exposure in the endangered desert pupfish","docAbstract":"We assessed the suitability of two nonnative poeciliid fishes—western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna)—for monitoring selenium exposure in desert pupfish (Cyprinodon macularius). Our investigation was prompted by a need to avoid lethal take of an endangered species (pupfish) when sampling fish for chemical analysis. Total selenium (SeTot) concentrations in both poeciliids were highly correlated with SeTot concentrations in pupfish. However, mean SeTot concentrations varied among fish species, with higher concentrations measured in mosquitofish than in mollies and pupfish from one of three sampled agricultural drains. Moreover, regression equations describing the relationship of selenomethionine to SeTot differed between mosquitofish and pupfish, but not between mollies and pupfish. Because selenium accumulates in animals primarily through dietary exposure, we examined fish trophic relationships by measuring stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and gut contents. According to δ13C measurements, the trophic pathway leading to mosquitofish was more carbon-depleted than trophic pathways leading to mollies and pupfish, suggesting that energy flow to mosquitofish originated from allochthonous sources (terrestrial vegetation, emergent macrophytes, or both), whereas energy flow to mollies and pupfish originated from autochthonous sources (filamentous algae, submerged macrophytes, or both). The δ15N measurements indicated that mosquitofish and mollies occupied similar trophic levels, whereas pupfish occupied a slightly higher trophic level. Analysis of gut contents showed that mosquitofish consumed mostly winged insects (an indication of terrestrial taxa), whereas mollies and pupfish consumed mostly organic detritus. Judging from our results, only mollies (not mosquitofish) are suitable for monitoring selenium exposure in pupfish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s11270-011-0974-7","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B.A., May, T.W., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2012, Assessment of two nonnative poeciliid fishes for monitoring selenium exposure in the endangered desert pupfish: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 223, no. 4, p. 1671-1683, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0974-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1671","endPage":"1683","ipdsId":"IP-025710","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6ae9de4b0f2f0cebe4101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9415-6377 barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-6377","contributorId":2855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara","email":"barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193298,"text":"70193298 - 2012 - A robust method to forecast volcanic ash clouds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T15:39:48","indexId":"70193298","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust method to forecast volcanic ash clouds","docAbstract":"Ash clouds emanating from volcanic eruption columns often form trails of ash extending thousands of kilometers through the Earth's atmosphere, disrupting air traffic and posing a significant hazard to air travel. To mitigate such hazards, the community charged with reducing flight risk must accurately assess risk of ash ingestion for any flight path and provide robust forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal. In response to this need, a number of different transport models have been developed for this purpose and applied to recent eruptions, providing a means to assess uncertainty in forecasts. Here we provide a framework for optimal forecasts and their uncertainties given any model and any observational data. This involves random sampling of the probability distributions of input (source) parameters to a transport model and iteratively running the model with different inputs, each time assessing the predictions that the model makes about ash dispersal by direct comparison with satellite data. The results of these comparisons are embodied in a likelihood function whose maximum corresponds to the minimum misfit between model output and observations. Bayes theorem is then used to determine a normalized posterior probability distribution and from that a forecast of future uncertainty in ash dispersal. The nature of ash clouds in heterogeneous wind fields creates a strong maximum likelihood estimate in which most of the probability is localized to narrow ranges of model source parameters. This property is used here to accelerate probability assessment, producing a method to rapidly generate a prediction of future ash concentrations and their distribution based upon assimilation of satellite data as well as model and data uncertainties. Applying this method to the recent eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland, we show that the 3 and 6 h forecasts of ash cloud location probability encompassed the location of observed satellite-determined ash cloud loads, providing an efficient means to assess all of the hazards associated with these ash clouds.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012JD017732","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., Pavolonis, M.J., and Sieglaff, J., 2012, A robust method to forecast volcanic ash clouds: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 117, no. D13, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017732.","productDescription":"D13208; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-035253","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jd017732","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"D13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f98bc0e4b0531197afa05e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavolonis, Michael J.","contributorId":199297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pavolonis","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sieglaff, Justin","contributorId":199296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sieglaff","given":"Justin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70159028,"text":"70159028 - 2012 - Outlier reefs are found off the Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T16:15:25.747259","indexId":"70159028","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Outlier reefs are found off the Florida Keys","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tropical connections: South Florida's marine environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"IAN Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, Md.","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 2012, Outlier reefs are found off the Florida Keys, chap. of Tropical connections: South Florida's marine environment, p. 197-198.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022298","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ian.umces.edu/publications/tropical-connections-south-floridas-marine-environment/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":309859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys waters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 25.477992320574817\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n 25.015928763367857\n ],\n [\n -81.0406494140625,\n 24.856534339310674\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 24.826624956562167\n ],\n [\n -81.8316650390625,\n 24.706915241066355\n ],\n [\n -81.9580078125,\n 24.666986385216273\n ],\n [\n -81.9854736328125,\n 24.48214938647425\n ],\n [\n -81.9415283203125,\n 24.402135566630744\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 24.48214938647425\n ],\n [\n -80.7989501953125,\n 24.652009767778697\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 24.956180020055925\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.339061458818374\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 25.507742380531404\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 25.582085278700696\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 25.562265014427492\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 25.438314122211384\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 25.477992320574817\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b38e4b0cdb063e59ce3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kruczynski, William L.","contributorId":148974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruczynski","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Pamela J.","contributorId":148975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577311,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":577309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193349,"text":"70193349 - 2012 - Significance of a 3D Elevation Program to wetland mapping","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T13:41:34","indexId":"70193349","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2819,"text":"National Wetlands Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of a 3D Elevation Program to wetland mapping","docAbstract":"The recent National Enhanced Assessment conducted by the U.S. Geology Survey identified billions of dollars in potential annual benefits if a national-scale enhanced elevation data program was implemented. Given the importance of topography to wetlands, wetland mapping could benefit significantly from improved elevation data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Law Institute","usgsCitation":"Snyder, G., and Lang, M., 2012, Significance of a 3D Elevation Program to wetland mapping: National Wetlands Newsletter, v. 34, no. 5, p. 11-15.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-038909","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wetlandsnewsletter.org/articles/significance-3d-elevation-program-wetland-mapping"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6105a0e4b06e28e9c25575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Gregory I. gsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Gregory I.","email":"gsnyder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lang, Megan","contributorId":156431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":722874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193553,"text":"70193553 - 2012 - Seawater capacitance – a promising proxy for mapping and characterizing drifting hydrocarbon plumes in the deep ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T16:49:14","indexId":"70193553","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5537,"text":"Ocean Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seawater capacitance – a promising proxy for mapping and characterizing drifting hydrocarbon plumes in the deep ocean","docAbstract":"Hydrocarbons released into the deep ocean are an inevitable consequence of natural seep, seafloor drilling, and leaking wellhead-to-collection-point pipelines. The Macondo 252 (Deepwater Horizon) well blowout of 2010 was even larger than the Ixtoc event in the Gulf of Campeche in 1979. History suggests it will not be the last accidental release, as deepwater drilling expands to meet an ever-growing demand. For those who must respond to this kind of disaster, the first line of action should be to know what is going on. This includes knowing where an oil plume is at any given time, where and how fast it is moving, and how it is evolving or degrading. We have experimented in the laboratory with induced polarization as a method to track hydrocarbons in the seawater column and find that finely dispersed oil in seawater gives rise to a large distributed capacitance. From previous sea trials, we infer this could potentially be used to both map and characterize oil plumes, down to a ratio of less than 0.001 oil-to-seawater, drifting and evolving in the deep ocean. A side benefit demonstrated in some earlier sea trials is that this same approach in modified form can also map certain heavy placer minerals, as well as communication cables, pipelines, and wrecks buried beneath the seafloor.
","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/os-8-1099-2012","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J., and Fleming, J., 2012, Seawater capacitance – a promising proxy for mapping and characterizing drifting hydrocarbon plumes in the deep ocean: Ocean Science, v. 8, p. 1099-1104, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-1099-2012.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1104","ipdsId":"IP-036617","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-1099-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eb1e4b0531197b28028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, John A.","contributorId":199522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70043467,"text":"70043467 - 2012 - Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T10:44:18","indexId":"70043467","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects","docAbstract":"A high prevalence of intersex or testicular oocytes (TO) in male smallmouth bass within the Potomac River drainage has raised concerns as to the health of the river. Studies were conducted to document biomarker responses both temporally and spatially to better understand the influence of normal physiological cycles, as well as water quality and land-use influences. Smallmouth bass were collected over a 2-year period from three tributaries of the Potomac River: the Shenandoah River, the South Branch Potomac and Conococheague Creek, and an out-of-basin reference site on the Gauley River. The prevalence of TO varied seasonally with the lowest prevalence observed in July, post-spawn. Reproductive maturity and/or lack of spawning the previous spring, as well as land-use practices such as application of manure and pesticides, may influence the seasonal observations. Annual, seasonal, and site differences were also observed in the percentage of males with measurable concentrations of plasma vitellogenin, mean concentration of plasma vitellogenin in females, and plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in both sexes. Bass collected in the South Branch Potomac (moderate to high prevalence of TO) had less sperm per testes mass with a lower percentage of those sperm being motile when compared to those from the Gauley River (low prevalence of TO). An inverse relationship was noted between TO severity and sperm motility. An association between TO severity and wastewater treatment plant flow, percent of agriculture, total number of animal feeding operations, the number of poultry houses, and animal density within the catchment was observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Iwanowicz, L., Henderson, H., Mazik, P.M., Jenkins, J.A., Alvarez, D., and Young, J.A., 2012, Reproductive endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the Potomac River basin: spatial and temporal comparisons of biological effects: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 184, no. 7, p. 4309-4334, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"4309","endPage":"4334","ipdsId":"IP-026403","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273564,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2266-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.43,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.43 ], [ -79.13,39.22 ], [ -79.43,39.22 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"184","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f56be4b0097a7158e5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Holly","contributorId":97805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032640,"text":"70032640 - 2012 - Titan's fluvial valleys: Morphology, distribution, and spectral properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-22T19:29:14.577396","indexId":"70032640","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Titan's fluvial valleys: Morphology, distribution, and spectral properties","docAbstract":"Titan's fluvial channels have been investigated based on data obtained by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument and the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft. In this paper, a database of fluvial features is created based on radar-SAR data aiming to unveil the distribution and the morphologic and spectral characteristics of valleys on Titan on a global scale. It will also study the spatial relations between fluvial valleys and Titan's geologic units and spectral surface units which have become accessible thanks to Cassini-VIMS data. Several distinct morphologic types of fluvial valleys can be discerned by SAR-images. Dendritic valley networks appear to have much in common with terrestrial dendritic systems owing to a hierarchical and tree-shaped arrangement of the tributaries which is indicative of an origin from precipitation. Dry valleys constitute another class of valleys resembling terrestrial wadis, an indication of episodic and strong flow events. Other valley types, such as putative canyons, cannot be correlated with rainfall based on their morphology alone, since it cannot be ruled out that they may have originated from volcanic/tectonic action or groundwater sapping. Highly developed and complex fluvial networks with channel lengths of up to 1200 km and widths of up to 10 km are concentrated only at a few locations whereas single valleys are scattered over all latitudes. Fluvial valleys are frequently found in mountainous areas. Some terrains, such as equatorial dune fields and undifferentiated plains at mid-latitudes, are almost entirely free of valleys. Spectrally, fluvial terrains are often characterized by a high reflectance in each of Titan's atmospheric windows, as most of them are located on Titan's bright ‘continents’. Nevertheless, valleys are spatially associated with a surface unit appearing blue due to its higher reflection at
Apparent groundwater ages along two flow paths in the upper Patapsco aquifer of the Maryland Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA, were estimated using 14C, 36Cl and 4He data. Most of the ages range from modern to about 500 ka, with one sample at 117 km downgradient from the recharge area dated by radiogenic 4He accumulation at more than one Ma. Last glacial maximum (LGM) water was located about 20 km downgradient on the northern flow path, where the radiocarbon age was 21.5 ka, paleorecharge temperatures were 0.5–1.5 °C (a maximum cooling of about 12 °C relative to the modern mean annual temperature of 13 °C), and Cl–, Cl/Br, and stable isotopes of water were minimum. Low recharge temperatures (typically 5–7 °C) indicate that recharge occurred predominantly during glacial periods when coastal heads were lowest due to low sea-level stand. Flow velocities averaged about 1.0 m a–1 in upgradient parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer and decreased from 0.13 to 0.04 m a–1 at 40 and 80 km further downgradient, respectively. This study demonstrates that most water in the upper Patapsco aquifer is non-renewable on human timescales under natural gradients, thus highlighting the importance of effective water-supply management to prolong the resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Eggleston, J.R., Raffensperger, J.P., Hunt, A.G., Casile, G.C., and Andreasen, D.C., 2012, Old groundwater in parts of the upper Patapsco aquifer, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA: Evidence from radiocarbon, chlorine-36 and helium-4: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 20, no. 7, p. 1269-1294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0871-1.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1269","endPage":"1294","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036422","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Anne Arundel","city":"Baltimore","volume":"20","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5152c3a0e4b01197b08e9cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eggleston, John R. 0000-0001-6633-3041 jegglest@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3041","contributorId":3068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"John","email":"jegglest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andreasen, D. C.","contributorId":32565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047253,"text":"70047253 - 2012 - Volcanoes: observations and impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T14:46:38","indexId":"70047253","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Volcanoes: observations and impact","docAbstract":"Volcanoes are critical geologic hazards that challenge our ability to make long-term forecasts of their eruptive behaviors. They also have direct and indirect impacts on human lives and society. As is the case with many geologic phenomena, the time scales over which volcanoes evolve greatly exceed that of a human lifetime. On the other hand, the time scale over which a volcano can move from inactivity to eruption can be rather short: months, weeks, days, and even hours. Thus, scientific study and monitoring of volcanoes is essential to mitigate risk. There are thousands of volcanoes on Earth, and it is impractical to study and implement ground-based monitoring at them all. Fortunately, there are other effective means for volcano monitoring, including increasing capabilities for satellite-based technologies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_731","usgsCitation":"Thurber, C., and Prejean, S.G., 2012, Volcanoes: observations and impact, chap. of Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, p. 11633-11654, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_731.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"11633","endPage":"11654","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034834","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c78ede4b01458f784299e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":44067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043480,"text":"70043480 - 2012 - Experimental and environmental factors affect spurious detection of ecological thresholds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-04T13:38:17","indexId":"70043480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental and environmental factors affect spurious detection of ecological thresholds","docAbstract":"Threshold detection methods are increasingly popular for assessing nonlinear responses to environmental change, but their statistical performance remains poorly understood. We simulated linear change in stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities and evaluated the performance of commonly used threshold detection methods based on model fitting (piecewise quantile regression [PQR]), data partitioning (nonparametric change point analysis [NCPA]), and a hybrid approach (significant zero crossings [SiZer]). We demonstrated that false detection of ecological thresholds (type I errors) and inferences on threshold locations are influenced by sample size, rate of linear change, and frequency of observations across the environmental gradient (i.e., sample-environment distribution, SED). However, the relative importance of these factors varied among statistical methods and between inference types. False detection rates were influenced primarily by user-selected parameters for PQR (τ) and SiZer (bandwidth) and secondarily by sample size (for PQR) and SED (for SiZer). In contrast, the location of reported thresholds was influenced primarily by SED. Bootstrapped confidence intervals for NCPA threshold locations revealed strong correspondence to SED. We conclude that the choice of statistical methods for threshold detection should be matched to experimental and environmental constraints to minimize false detection rates and avoid spurious inferences regarding threshold location.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA (Ecological Society of America)","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-0516.1","usgsCitation":"Daily, J., Hitt, N.P., Smith, D., and Snyder, C.D., 2012, Experimental and environmental factors affect spurious detection of ecological thresholds: Ecology, v. 93, no. 1, p. 17-23, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0516.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"7","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026563","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0516.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":268714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268713,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0516.1"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5135d076e4b03b8ec4025b45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daily, Jonathan P. jdaily@usgs.gov","contributorId":40484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daily","given":"Jonathan P.","email":"jdaily@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043382,"text":"70043382 - 2012 - Reaching toward the integration of research into resource management activities: A 20 year evaluation of Colorado Biennial Conferences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T17:50:50.756165","indexId":"70043382","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","title":"Reaching toward the integration of research into resource management activities: A 20 year evaluation of Colorado Biennial Conferences","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Nitrate leaching in the unsaturated zone poses a risk to groundwater, whereas nitrate in tile drainage is conveyed directly to streams. We developed metamodels (MMs) consisting of artificial neural networks to simplify and upscale mechanistic fate and transport models for prediction of nitrate losses by drains and leaching in the Corn Belt, USA. The two final MMs predicted nitrate concentration and flux, respectively, in the shallow subsurface. Because each MM considered both tile drainage and leaching, they represent an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment. The MMs used readily available data comprising farm fertilizer nitrogen (N), weather data, and soil properties as inputs; therefore, they were well suited for regional extrapolation. The MMs effectively related the outputs of the underlying mechanistic model (Root Zone Water Quality Model) to the inputs (R2 = 0.986 for the nitrate concentration MM). Predicted nitrate concentration was compared with measured nitrate in 38 samples of recently recharged groundwater, yielding a Pearson’s r of 0.466 (p = 0.003). Predicted nitrate generally was higher than that measured in groundwater, possibly as a result of the time-lag for modern recharge to reach well screens, denitrification in groundwater, or interception of recharge by tile drains. In a qualitative comparison, predicted nitrate concentration also compared favorably with results from a previous regression model that predicted total N in streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es202875e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., Malone, R.W., Gronberg, J., Thorp, K., and Ma, L., 2012, Verifiable metamodels for nitrate losses to drains and groundwater in the Corn Belt, USA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 2, p. 901-908, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202875e.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"901","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-031037","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213859,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es202875e"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc218e4b08c986b32a905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, Bernard T. 0000-0002-6945-9659 btnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-9659","contributorId":2190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Bernard","email":"btnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":437321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malone, Robert W.","contributorId":10347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malone","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":437325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorp, K.R.","contributorId":38370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorp","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032246,"text":"70032246 - 2012 - A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:54:32","indexId":"70032246","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Dam removal has been increasingly proposed as a river restoration technique. In 2011, two large hydroelectric dams will be removed from Washington State’s Elwha River. Ten anadromous fish populations are expected to recolonise historical habitats after dam removal. A key to understanding watershed recolonisation is the collection of spatially continuous information on fish and aquatic habitats. A riverscape approach with an emphasis on biological data has rarely been applied in mid-sized, wilderness rivers, particularly in consecutive years prior to dam removal. Concurrent snorkel and habitat surveys were conducted from the headwaters to the mouth (rkm 65–0) of the Elwha River in 2007 and 2008. This riverscape approach characterised the spatial extent, assemblage structure and patterns of relative density of Pacific salmonids. The presence of dams influenced the longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages, and species richness was the highest downstream of the dams, where anadromous salmonids still have access. The percent composition of salmonids was similar in both years for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii (Richardson) (89%; 88%), Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (8%; 9%), and bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley) (3% in both years). Spatial patterns of abundance for rainbow and cutthroat trout (r = 0.76) and bull trout (r = 0.70) were also consistent between years. Multivariate and univariate methods detected differences in habitat structure along the river profile caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The riverscape view highlighted species-specific biological hotspots and revealed that 60–69% of federally threatened bull trout occurred near or below the dams. Spatially continuous surveys will be vital in evaluating the effectiveness of upcoming dam removal projects at restoring anadromous salmonids.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S., Duda, J., Torgersen, C., Welty, E., Pess, G., Peters, R., and McHenry, M., 2012, A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 36-53, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T13:55:51.970781","indexId":"70042712","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1586,"text":"Estuarine and Continental Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Over 100 years of environmental change recorded by foraminifers and sediments in a large Gulf of Mexico estuary, Mobile Bay, AL, USA","docAbstract":"Land cover is the biophysical material on the surface of the earth. Land-cover types include grass, shrubs, trees, barren, water, and man-made features. Land cover changes continuously. The rate of change can be either dramatic and abrupt, such as the changes caused by logging, hurricanes and fire, or subtle and gradual, such as regeneration of forests and damage caused by insects (Verbesselt et al., 2001). Previous studies have shown that land cover has changed dramatically during the past sevearal centuries and that these changes have severely affected our ecosystems (Foody, 2010; Lambin et al., 2001). Lambin and Strahlers (1994b) summarized five types of cause for land-cover changes: (1) long-term natural changes in climate conditions, (2) geomorphological and ecological processes, (3) human-induced alterations of vegetation cover and landscapes, (4) interannual climate variability, and (5) human-induced greenhouse effect. Tools and techniques are needed to detect, describe, and predict these changes to facilitate sustainable management of natural resources.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b11964-14","isbn":"978-1-4200-7074-3","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Giri, C., and Vogelmann, J., 2012, Land-cover change detection, chap. 11 of Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover, p. 153-176, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11964-14.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031500","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18634e4b05561fa206ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Xuexia","contributorId":14213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Xuexia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":127752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173603,"text":"70173603 - 2012 - Native rainbow smelt and nonnative alewife distribution related to temperature and light gradients in Lake Champlain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T16:04:12","indexId":"70173603","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native rainbow smelt and nonnative alewife distribution related to temperature and light gradients in Lake Champlain","docAbstract":"Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) recently became established in Lake Champlain and may compete with native rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) for food or consume larval rainbow smelt. The strength of this effect depends partly on the spatial and temporal overlap of different age groups of the two species; therefore, we need a better understanding of factors affecting alewife and rainbow smelt distributions in Lake Champlain. We used hydroacoustics, trawls, and gill nets to document vertical fish distribution, and recorded environmental data during 16 day–night surveys over two years. Temperature, temperature change, and light were all predictors of adult and age-0 rainbow smelt distribution, and temperature and light were predictors of age-0 alewives' distribution (based on GAMM models evaluated with AIC). Adult alewives were 5–30 m shallower and age-0 alewives were 2–15 m shallower than their rainbow smelt counterparts. Adult rainbow smelt distribution overlapped with age-0 rainbow smelt and age-0 alewives near the thermocline (10–25 m), whereas adult alewives were shallower (0–6 m) and overlapped with age-0 alewives and rainbow smelt in the epilimnion. Adult rainbow smelt were in water < 10–12 °C, whereas age-0 rainbow smelt were in 10–20 °C, and adult and age-0 alewives were in 15–22 °C water. Predicting these species distributions is necessary for quantifying the strength of predatory and competitive interactions between alewife and rainbow smelt, as well as between alewife and other fish species in Lake Champlain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.002","usgsCitation":"Parrish, D.L., Simonin, P.W., Rudstam, L.G., Sullivan, P., and Pientka, B., 2012, Native rainbow smelt and nonnative alewife distribution related to temperature and light gradients in Lake Champlain: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 115-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.002.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025329","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.22250366210938,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -73.29391479492188,\n 44.46025037930627\n ],\n [\n -73.33511352539062,\n 44.3670601700202\n ],\n [\n -73.21563720703125,\n 44.37196862007497\n ],\n [\n -73.21975708007812,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -73.22250366210938,\n 44.457309801319305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f062e4b04f417c24dcf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. 0000-0001-9693-6329 dparrish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-6329","contributorId":138661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonin, Paul W.","contributorId":171499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simonin","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":18160,"text":"Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":637742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, Patrick J.","contributorId":97813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pientka, Bernard","contributorId":171500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pientka","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035366,"text":"70035366 - 2012 - Monitoring on Xi'an ground fissures deformation with TerraSAR-X data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035366","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3798,"text":"Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring on Xi'an ground fissures deformation with TerraSAR-X data","docAbstract":"Owing to the fine resolution of TerraSAR-X data provided since 2007, this paper applied 6 TerraSAR data (strip mode) during 3rd Dec. 2009 to 23rd Mar. 2010 to detect and monitor the active fissures over Xi'an region. Three themes have been designed for high precision detection and monitoring of Xi'an-Chang'an fissures, as small baseline subsets (SBAS) to test the atmospheric effects of differential interferograms pair stepwise, 2-pass differential interferogram with very short baseline perpendicular to generate the whole deformation map with 44 days interval, and finally, corner reflector (CR) technique was used to closely monitor the relative deformation time series between two CRs settled crossing two ground fissures. Results showed that TerraSAR data are a good choice for small-scale ground fissures detection and monitoring, while special considerations should be taken for their great temporal and baseline decorrelation. Secondly, ground fissures in Xi'an were mostly detected at the joint section of stable and deformable regions. Lastly, CR-InSAR had potential ability to monitor relative deformation crossing fissures with millimeter precision.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"16718860","usgsCitation":"Zhao, C., Zhang, Q., Zhu, W., and Lu, Z., 2012, Monitoring on Xi'an ground fissures deformation with TerraSAR-X data: Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, v. 37, no. 1, p. 81-85.","startPage":"81","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5dd0e4b0c8380cd705f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, C.","contributorId":14655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Q.","contributorId":84163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, W.","contributorId":27686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157179,"text":"70157179 - 2012 - The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI): An integration of satellite, climate, and biophysical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:35:02","indexId":"70157179","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI): An integration of satellite, climate, and biophysical data","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Wardlow, B.D., Tadesse, T., Brown, J.F., Callahan, K., Swain, S., and Hunt, E., 2012, The Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI): An integration of satellite, climate, and biophysical data, chap. of Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches, p. 51-74.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023840","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb708e4b058f706e53ef7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D.","contributorId":75845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572165,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Martha C.","contributorId":96579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572166,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572167,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D.","contributorId":75845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callahan, Karin","contributorId":147618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Callahan","given":"Karin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Swain, Sharmistha","contributorId":147619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swain","given":"Sharmistha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, Eric","contributorId":147620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}