{"pageNumber":"1684","pageRowStart":"42075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46619,"records":[{"id":70012296,"text":"70012296 - 1980 - Comparison of three techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T12:35:56","indexId":"70012296","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of three techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium in rocks","docAbstract":"U and Th concentrations have been determined in a series of selected whole-rock samples, using three different techniques: neutron activation analysis (INAA), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID). The INAA technique yields U and Th data that are comparable with those obtained by ID over the entire concentration range studied. XRF only provides data with comparable precision at relatively high concentrations (> 10 ppm) but has the advantage of being able to determine other useful elements such as Rb, Sr, Pb and K. The choice between INAA and XRF therefore depends on the concentration levels anticipated, together with the overall requirements for the particular study. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(80)90030-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.J., Reid, D., Stuckless, J., and Welke, H., 1980, Comparison of three techniques for the determination of uranium and thorium in rocks: Chemical Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 345-350, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90030-3.","startPage":"345","endPage":"350","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266130,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90030-3"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b4e4b0c8380cd4d240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, R. J.","contributorId":62607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, D.L.","contributorId":39524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welke, H.J.","contributorId":29572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welke","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012277,"text":"70012277 - 1980 - Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:26:29","indexId":"70012277","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling","docAbstract":"Deep horizontal drill holes have been used since 1967 by the Defense Nuclear Agency as a primary exploration tool for siting nuclear events in tunnels at the Nevada Test Site. The U.S. Geological Survey had developed geophysical logging techniques for obtaining resistivity and velocity in these holes, and to date 33 horizontal drill holes in excess of 300 m in depth have been successfully logged. The deepest hole was drilled to a horizontal depth of 1125 m. The purposes of the logging measurements are to define clay zones, because of the unstable ground conditions such zones can present to tunnelling, and to define zones of partially saturated rock, because of the attenuating effects such zones have on the shock wave generated by the nuclear detonation. Excessive attenuation is undesirable because the shock wave is used as a tunnel closure mechanism to contain debris and other undesirable explosion products. Measurements are made by pumping resistivity, sonic and geophone probes down the drill string and out of the bit into the open hole. Clay zones are defined by the electrical resistivity technique based on empirical data relating the magnitude of the resistivity measurement to qualitative clay content. Rock exhibiting resistivity of less than 20 ??-m is considered potentially unstable, and resistivities less than 10 ??-m indicate appreciable amounts of clay are present in the rock. Partially saturated rock zones are defined by the measurement of the rock sound speed. Zones in the rock which exhibit velocities less than 2450 m/sec are considered of potential concern. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(80)90261-2","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R.D., and Cunningham, M., 1980, Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 17, no. 2, p. 89-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(80)90261-2.","productDescription":"p.89-107","startPage":"89","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265948,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(80)90261-2"},{"id":222345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a282ee4b0c8380cd59edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, M.J.","contributorId":106261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012258,"text":"70012258 - 1980 - Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012258","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3570,"text":"The Moon and the Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications","docAbstract":"Lonar Crater is a young meteorite impact crater emplaced in Deccan basalt. Data from 5 drillholes, a gravity network, and field mapping are used to reconstruct its original dimensions, delineate the nature of the pre-impact target rocks, and interpret the emplacement mode of the ejecta. Our estimates of the pre-erosion dimensions are: average diameter of 1710 m; average rim height of 40 m (30-35 m of rim rock uplift, 5-10 m of ejected debris); depth of 230-245 m (from rim crest to crater floor). The crater's circularity index is 0.9 and is unlikely to have been lower in the past. There are minor irregularities in the original crater floor (present sediment-breccia boundary) possibly due to incipient rebound effects. A continuous ejecta blanket extends an average of 1410 m beyond the pre-erosion rim crest. In general, 'fresh' terrestrial craters, less than 10 km in diameter, have smaller depth/diameter and larger rim height/diameter ratios than their lunar counterparts. Both ratios are intermediate for Mercurian craters, suggesting that crater shape is gravity dependent, all else being equal. Lonar demonstrates that all else is not always equal. Its depth/diameter ratio is normal but, because of less rim rock uplift, its rim height/diameter ratio is much smaller than both 'fresh' terrestrial and lunar impact craters. The target rock column at Lonar consists of one or more layers of weathered, soft basalt capped by fresh, dense flows. Plastic deformation and/or compaction of this lower, incompetent material probably absorbed much of the energy normally available in the cratering process for rim rock uplift. A variety of features within the ejecta blanket and the immediately underlying substrate, plus the broad extent of the blanket boundaries, suggest that a fluidized debris surge was the dominant mechanism of ejecta transportation and deposition at Lonar. In these aspects, Lonar should be a good analog for the 'fluidized craters' of Mars. ?? 1980 D. Reidel Publishing Co.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Moon and the Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00897591","issn":"01650807","usgsCitation":"Fudali, R., Milton, D., Fredriksson, K., and Dube, A., 1980, Morphology of Lonar Crater, India: Comparisons and implications: The Moon and the Planets, v. 23, no. 4, p. 493-515, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00897591.","startPage":"493","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205191,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00897591"},{"id":222064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e52e4b0c8380cd7096a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fudali, R.F.","contributorId":26445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fudali","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fredriksson, K.","contributorId":11328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredriksson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dube, A.","contributorId":8615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dube","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012231,"text":"70012231 - 1980 - A three-dimensional model to predict future oil discoveries in spatially connected multiple plays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012231","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A three-dimensional model to predict future oil discoveries in spatially connected multiple plays","docAbstract":"A discovery-process model that had been devised previously to estimate the size distribution of oil and gas fields remaining to be discovered in a single producing horizon was adapted to a basin containing spatially connected multiple plays and producing horizons. This model used the concept of the area of influence of wells to estimate search effort. Other variables estimated from the historical drilling and discovery data are the effective basin size and the exploration-drilling efficiency. Data from the Midland Basin are used to illustrate how the model works. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01028880","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Schuenemeyer, J., Drew, L., and Bawiec, W., 1980, A three-dimensional model to predict future oil discoveries in spatially connected multiple plays: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 5, p. 459-472, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01028880.","startPage":"459","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028880"},{"id":222646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5fee4b0c8380cd470ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bawiec, W.J.","contributorId":71540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawiec","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012230,"text":"70012230 - 1980 - Small impact craters in the lunar regolith - Their morphologies, relative ages, and rates of formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012230","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3570,"text":"The Moon and the Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small impact craters in the lunar regolith - Their morphologies, relative ages, and rates of formation","docAbstract":"Apparently, there are two types of size-frequency distributions of small lunar craters (???1-100 m across): (1) crater production distributions for which the cumulative frequency of craters is an inverse function of diameter to power near 2.8, and (2) steady-state distributions for which the cumulative frequency of craters is inversely proportional to the square of their diameters. According to theory, cumulative frequencies of craters in each morphologic category within the steady-state should also be an inverse function of the square of their diameters. Some data on frequency distribution of craters by morphologic types are approximately consistent with theory, whereas other data are inconsistent with theory. A flux of crater producing objects can be inferred from size-frequency distributions of small craters on the flanks and ejecta of craters of known age. Crater frequency distributions and data on the craters Tycho, North Ray, Cone, and South Ray, when compared with the flux of objects measured by the Apollo Passive Seismometer, suggest that the flux of objects has been relatively constant over the last 100 m.y. (within 1/3 to 3 times of the flux estimated for Tycho). Steady-state frequency distributions for craters in several morphologic categories formed the basis for estimating the relative ages of craters and surfaces in a system used during the Apollo landing site mapping program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The relative ages in this system are converted to model absolute ages that have a rather broad range of values. The range of values of the absolute ages are between about 1/3 to 3 times the assigned model absolute age. ?? 1980 D. Reidel Publishing Co.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Moon and the Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00899820","issn":"01650807","usgsCitation":"Moore, H., Boyce, J.M., and Hahn, D., 1980, Small impact craters in the lunar regolith - Their morphologies, relative ages, and rates of formation: The Moon and the Planets, v. 23, no. 2, p. 231-252, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00899820.","startPage":"231","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205277,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899820"},{"id":222645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9182e4b08c986b319949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyce, J. M.","contributorId":85952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hahn, D.A.","contributorId":61103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012217,"text":"70012217 - 1980 - Remote sensing of snow and ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:09:47.239752","indexId":"70012217","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1926,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing of snow and ice","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monitoring of snow and ice on the Earth's surface will require increasing use of satellite remote sensing techniques. These techniques are evolving rapidly. Active and passive sensors operating in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave wavelengths are described in regard to general applications and in regard to specific USA or USSR satellites. Meteorological satellites (frequent images of relatively crude resolution) and Earth resources satellites such as Landsat (less frequent images of higher resolution) have been used to monitor the areal extent of seasonal snow, but problems exist with cloud cover or dense forest canopies. Snow mass (water equivalent) can be measured from a low-flying aircraft using natural radioactivity, but cannot yet be measured from satellite altitudes. A combination of active and passive microwave sensors may permit this kind of measurement, but not until more is known about radiation scattering in snow. Satellite observations are very useful in glacier inventories, correcting maps of glacier extent, estimating certain mass balance parameters, and monitoring calving or surging glaciers. Ground ice is virtually impossible to monitor from satellites; ice on rivers and lakes can be monitored only with very high-resolution sensors. Microwave sensors, due to their all-weather capability (the ability to see through clouds) provide exciting data on sea ice distribution. Analysis of digital tapes of satellite data requires the archiving and scanning of huge amounts of data. Simple methods for extracting quantitative data from satellite images are described.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626668009491937","issn":"03036936","usgsCitation":"Meier, M.F., 1980, Remote sensing of snow and ice: Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, v. 25, no. 3, p. 307-330, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668009491937.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626668009491937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa704e4b0c8380cd8519b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, M. F.","contributorId":98713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012199,"text":"70012199 - 1980 - Emission spectra of the cations of some fluoro-substituted phenols in the gaseous phase","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T20:02:51.822504","indexId":"70012199","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2245,"text":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emission spectra of the cations of some fluoro-substituted phenols in the gaseous phase","docAbstract":"<p><span>Emission spectra of the cations of 2,5- and 3,5-difluorophenol, of 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-trifluorophenol, of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol and of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol have been obtained in the gas phase using low-energy electron beam excitation. The band systems are assigned to the&nbsp;</span><i>B̃</i><span>(π</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) →&nbsp;</span><i>X̃</i><span>(π</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) electronic transitions of these cations by reference to photoelectron spectroscopic data. The He(Iα) photoelectron spectra and the ionisation energies of ten fluoro-substituted phenols are reported. The symmetries of the four lowest electronic states of these cations are inferred from the radiative decay studies. The lifetimes of the lowest vibrational levels of the&nbsp;</span><i>B̃</i><span>(π</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) state of the six fluoro-substituted phenol cations above have also been measured.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0368-2048(80)80031-4","issn":"03682048","usgsCitation":"Maier, J.P., Marthaler, O., Mohraz, M., and Shiley, R., 1980, Emission spectra of the cations of some fluoro-substituted phenols in the gaseous phase: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, v. 19, no. 1, p. 11-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(80)80031-4.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08fce4b0c8380cd51d48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maier, John Paul","contributorId":61166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marthaler, O.","contributorId":89663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marthaler","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohraz, Manijeh","contributorId":26444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohraz","given":"Manijeh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012198,"text":"70012198 - 1980 - Crude oil degradation as an explanation of the depth rule","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T12:33:50","indexId":"70012198","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crude oil degradation as an explanation of the depth rule","docAbstract":"Previous studies of crude oil degradation by water washing and bacterial attack have documented the operation of these processes in many different petroleum basins of the world. Crude oil degradation substantially alters the chemical and physical makeup of a crude oil, changing a light paraffinic low-S \"mature\" crude to a heavy naphthenic or asphalt base, \"immature appearing\" high-S crude. Rough calculations carried out in the present study using experimentally determined solubility data of petroleum in water give insight into the possible magnitude of water washing and suggest that the process may be able to remove large amounts of petroleum in small divisions of geologic time. Plots of crude oil gravity vs. depth fail to show the expected correlation of increasing API gravity (decreasing specific gravity) with depth below 2.44 km (8000 ft.). Previous studies which have been carried out to document in-reservoir maturation have used crude oil gravity data shallower than 2.44 km (8000 ft.). The changes in crude oil composition as a function of depth which have been attributed to in-reservoir maturation over these shallower depths, are better explained by crude oil degradation. This study concludes that changes in crude oil composition that result from in-reservoir maturation are not evident from existing crude oil gravity data over the depth and temperature range previously supposed, and that the significant changes in crude oil gravity which are present over the shallow depth range are due to crude oil degradation. Thus the existence of significant quantities of petroleum should not necessarily be ruled out below an arbitrarily determined depth or temperature limit when the primary evidence for this is the change in crude oil gravity at shallow depths. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(80)90032-7","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Price, L., 1980, Crude oil degradation as an explanation of the depth rule: Chemical Geology, v. 28, no. C, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90032-7.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266128,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90032-7"}],"volume":"28","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc9e4b0c8380cd4e432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012196,"text":"70012196 - 1980 - Comparison of bed form variance spectra within a meander bend during flood and average discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T00:48:57.127749","indexId":"70012196","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of bed form variance spectra within a meander bend during flood and average discharge","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12457701\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Time series analysis of streambed elevation in a meander bend along the Congaree River was used to determine the changes in bed form population succeeding a 16-year flood event. Bed forms observed during the flood event had a significantly greater total height variance than bed forms observed at the same location one week later. Variance spectra were computed for a 595 m longitudinal profile. The data indicate that: a) the bed form variance for the flood record is significantly greater for all wavelengths from 5 to 30 m; b) no well-demarcated bed form classes were present during the survey times, pointing to the possible existence of a continuum of bed form sizes rather than well-defined classes; and c) bed forms produced by the flood discharge were rapidly altered as the stage returned toward average level.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F798C-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Levey, R., Kjerfve, B., and Getzen, R., 1980, Comparison of bed form variance spectra within a meander bend during flood and average discharge: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F798C-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f852e4b0c8380cd4d00b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levey, R.A.","contributorId":34265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levey","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kjerfve, B.","contributorId":49110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjerfve","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Getzen, R.T.","contributorId":21281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getzen","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012161,"text":"70012161 - 1980 - Hydraulic piston coring of late Neogene and Quaternary sections in the Caribbean and equatorial Pacific: Preliminary results of Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 68","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T12:23:07.044757","indexId":"70012161","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic piston coring of late Neogene and Quaternary sections in the Caribbean and equatorial Pacific: Preliminary results of Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 68","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15191171\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Leg 68 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project used the newly developed Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) to recover two virtually continuous, undisturbed sections of late Neogene and Quaternary sediment. The sites are located in the western Caribbean (Site 502, 4 holes) and in the eastern equatorial Pacific (Site 503, 2 holes). The sediment of Site 502 is primarily foram-bearing nanno marl which accumulated at about 3 to 4 cm/thousand yr. The bottom of Site 502 (228.7 m) is ∼ 8 m.y. old. The sediment of Site 503 is primarily siliceous calcareous ooze which accumulated at about 2 to 3 cm/thousand yr. The bottom of Site 503 (235.0 m) is ∼ 8 m.y. old.</p><p>The magnetostratigraphy of both sites was determined on the R.V.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Glomar Challenger</i><span>&nbsp;</span>with a long-core spinner magnetometer. All paleomagnetic boundaries through the Gilbert were identified in Site 502; most of them were identified in Site 503. The sediment at both sites shows a distinct cyclicity of calcium carbonate content. These relatively high accumulation rate, continuous, undisturbed HPC cores will enable a wide variety of high-resolution biostratigraphic, paleoclimatic, and paleoceanographic studies heretofore not feasible.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<433:HPCOLN>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Prell, W., Gardner, J.V., Adelseck, C., Blechschmidt, G., Fleet, A.J., Keigwin, L.D., Kent, D.V., Ledbetter, M.T., Mann, U., Mayer, L., Reidel, W.R., Sancetta, C., Spariosu, D.J., and Zimmerman, H.B., 1980, Hydraulic piston coring of late Neogene and Quaternary sections in the Caribbean and equatorial Pacific: Preliminary results of Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 68: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 91, no. 7 pt 1, p. 433-444, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1980)91<433:HPCOLN>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489064,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8m90k6f","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:143426"},{"id":222701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"7 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f9e4b0c8380cd5ec08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prell, W.L.","contributorId":78092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prell","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adelseck, Charles","contributorId":17767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adelseck","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blechschmidt, Gretchen","contributorId":87296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blechschmidt","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleet, Andrew J.","contributorId":63534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleet","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keigwin, Lloyd D.","contributorId":37476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigwin","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kent, Dennis V.","contributorId":63951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ledbetter, Michael T.","contributorId":87692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ledbetter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mann, Ulrich","contributorId":22499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mayer, Larry","contributorId":77936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reidel, William R.","contributorId":72131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidel","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sancetta, Constance","contributorId":12979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sancetta","given":"Constance","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Spariosu, Dann J.","contributorId":10930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spariosu","given":"Dann","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zimmerman, Herman B.","contributorId":18111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70012159,"text":"70012159 - 1980 - Preparation and Presentation of Digital Maps in Raster Format","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-13T14:57:47","indexId":"70012159","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":709,"text":"American Cartographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preparation and Presentation of Digital Maps in Raster Format","docAbstract":"A set of algorithms has been developed at USGS Flagstaff for displaying digital map data in raster format. The set includes: FILLIN, which assigns a specified attribute code to units of a map which have been outlined on a digitizer and converted to raster format; FILBND, which removes the outlines; ZIP, which adds patterns to the map units; and COLOR, which provides a simplified process for creating color separation plates for either photographic or lithographic reproduction. - Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Cartographer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","doi":"10.1559/152304080784522883","issn":"00941689","usgsCitation":"Edwards, K., and Batson, R.M., 1980, Preparation and Presentation of Digital Maps in Raster Format: American Cartographer, v. 7, no. 1, p. 39-49, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304080784522883.","startPage":"39","endPage":"49","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304080784522883"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b1be4b0c8380cd7e17b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, K.","contributorId":70924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012143,"text":"70012143 - 1980 - Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012143","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics","docAbstract":"Classifying very fine-grained rocks through fabric elements provides information about depositional environments, but is subject to the biases of visual taxonomy. To evaluate the statistical significance of an empirical classification of very fine-grained rocks, samples from Devonian shales in four cored wells in West Virginia and Virginia were measured for 15 variables: quartz, illite, pyrite and expandable clays determined by X-ray diffraction; total sulfur, organic content, inorganic carbon, matrix density, bulk density, porosity, silt, as well as density, sonic travel time, resistivity, and ??-ray response measured from well logs. The four lithologic types comprised: (1) sharply banded shale, (2) thinly laminated shale, (3) lenticularly laminated shale, and (4) nonbanded shale. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance showed that the lithologic classification reflects significant differences for the variables measured, difference that can be detected independently of stratigraphic effects. Little-known statistical methods found useful in this work included: the multivariate analysis of variance with more than one effect, simultaneous plotting of samples and variables on canonical variates, and the use of parametric ANOVA and MANOVA on ranked data. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01034746","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Hohn, M., Nuhfer, E., Vinopal, R., and Klanderman, D., 1980, Visual classification of very fine-grained sediments: Evaluation through univariate and multivariate statistics: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 6, p. 589-606, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01034746.","startPage":"589","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034746"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc291e4b08c986b32ac11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohn, M.","contributorId":92427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuhfer, E.B.","contributorId":89281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuhfer","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vinopal, R.J.","contributorId":13376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinopal","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klanderman, D.S.","contributorId":58397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klanderman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012331,"text":"70012331 - 1980 - Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012331","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft","docAbstract":"Gas samples were collected by aircraft entering volcanic eruption clouds of three Guatemalan volcanoes. Gas chromatographic analyses show higher H2 and S gas contents in ash eruption clouds and lower H2 and S gases in vaporous gas plumes. H isotopic data demonstrate lighter isotopic distribution of water vapor in ash eruption clouds than in vaporous gas plumes. Most of the H2O in the vaporous plumes is probably meteoric. The data are the first direct gas analyses of explosive eruptive clouds, and demonstrate that, in spite of atmospheric admixture, useful compositional information on eruptive gases can be obtained using aircraft. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rose, W., Cadle, R., Heidt, L., Friedman, I., Lazrus, A., and Huebert, B., 1980, Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 1-10.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14bfe4b0c8380cd54b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, W.I. Jr.","contributorId":25275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadle, R.D.","contributorId":64804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadle","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heidt, L.E.","contributorId":61168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidt","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lazrus, A.L.","contributorId":92426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazrus","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huebert, B.J.","contributorId":6189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebert","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70012125,"text":"70012125 - 1980 - Mapping the Galilean satellites of Jupiter with Voyager data.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012125","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping the Galilean satellites of Jupiter with Voyager data.","docAbstract":"The four Galilean satellites of Jupiter are being mapped using image data from the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. The maps are published at several scales and in several versions. Preliminary maps at 1:25,000,000-required for mission planning and preliminary science reports-were compiled within three weeks of data acquisition and have been published. Later maps incorporate Rand Corporation photogrammetric triangulations. - from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Batson, R.M., 1980, Mapping the Galilean satellites of Jupiter with Voyager data.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 46, no. 10, p. 1303-1312.","startPage":"1303","endPage":"1312","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5079e4b0c8380cd6b6ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012628,"text":"70012628 - 1980 - Flameless atomic-absorption determination of gold in geological materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T14:10:31.220696","indexId":"70012628","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flameless atomic-absorption determination of gold in geological materials","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gold in geologic material is dissolved using a solution of hydrobromic acid and bromine, extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone, and determined using an atomic-absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace atomizer. A comparison of results obtained by this flameless atomic-absorption method on U.S. Geological Survey reference rocks and geochemical samples with reported values and with results obtained by flame atomic-absorption shows that reasonable accuracy is achieved with improved precision. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method allows acquisition of data on the distribution of gold at or below its crustal abundance.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(80)90022-9","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Meier, A.L., 1980, Flameless atomic-absorption determination of gold in geological materials: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 13, no. 1, p. 77-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(80)90022-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10cfe4b0c8380cd53dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012594,"text":"70012594 - 1980 - Resource estimation from historical data: Mercury, a test case","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012594","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource estimation from historical data: Mercury, a test case","docAbstract":"A simple technique based on historical records of tonnage and grade of ore produced provides a means for calculating how much of a mineral product will be available in the future at various average grades. Estimates made on this basis are independent of geologic considerations or changing economic and political factors, although they are based on mining history, which was largely determined by these factors. The relatively minor element, mercury, was used for the test case reported here, but the method has been found applicable to forecasts of resources for other mineral products. Mercury resources available in ore in which the average grade is as low as 0.1% are estimated to be 53 ??106kg (1.5 ??106flasks) for the United States and 1551 ??106kg (45 ??106flasks) for the world; this amount is more than adequate to meet predicted demand to the year 2000. The expectable price of mercury in 1978 dollars at this 0.1% grade is projected to be $58.75 per kg ($2,025 per flask), but at a 10% annual inflation rate, it would be more than $12,000 per flask. To satisfy just the projected U.S. demand for mercury by 2000, the price is calculated to be $48.96 per kg ($1,688 per flask) in 1978 dollars at an average annual grade of 0.12%. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01028882","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Cargill, S., Root, D.H., and Bailey, E.H., 1980, Resource estimation from historical data: Mercury, a test case: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 5, p. 489-522, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01028882.","startPage":"489","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028882"},{"id":222090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9f1e4b0c8380cd86070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cargill, S.M.","contributorId":64776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cargill","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, E. H.","contributorId":44509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012583,"text":"70012583 - 1980 - Radioactivity method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:42:03.970695","indexId":"70012583","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioactivity method","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radioactivity measurements have played an important role in geophysics since about 1935, and they have increased in importance to the present. The most important areas of application have been in petroleum and uranium exploration. Radioactivity measurements have proved useful in geologic mapping, as well as in specialized applications such as reactor-site monitoring. The technological development of the method has reached a plateau, and the future of the method for some applications will depend upon development of more sophisticated data processing and interpretation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441059","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., 1980, Radioactivity method: Geophysics, v. 45, no. 11, p. 1690-1694, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441059.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1690","endPage":"1694","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93c2e4b0c8380cd80feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, J. S.","contributorId":15200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012553,"text":"70012553 - 1980 - Computational methods for a three-dimensional model of the petroleum-discovery process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:55:26","indexId":"70012553","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational methods for a three-dimensional model of the petroleum-discovery process","docAbstract":"A discovery-process model devised by Drew, Schuenemeyer, and Root can be used to predict the amount of petroleum to be discovered in a basin from some future level of exploratory effort: the predictions are based on historical drilling and discovery data. Because marginal costs of discovery and production are a function of field size, the model can be used to make estimates of future discoveries within deposit size classes. The modeling approach is a geometric one in which the area searched is a function of the size and shape of the targets being sought. A high correlation is assumed between the surface-projection area of the fields and the volume of petroleum. To predict how much oil remains to be found, the area searched must be computed, and the basin size and discovery efficiency must be estimated. The basin is assumed to be explored randomly rather than by pattern drilling. The model may be used to compute independent estimates of future oil at different depth intervals for a play involving multiple producing horizons. We have written FORTRAN computer programs that are used with Drew, Schuenemeyer, and Root's model to merge the discovery and drilling information and perform the necessary computations to estimate undiscovered petroleum. These program may be modified easily for the estimation of remaining quantities of commodities other than petroleum. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(80)90013-8","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Schuenemeyer, J., Bawiec, W., and Drew, L., 1980, Computational methods for a three-dimensional model of the petroleum-discovery process: Computers & Geosciences, v. 6, no. 4, p. 323-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(80)90013-8.","startPage":"323","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266197,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(80)90013-8"},{"id":222147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f951e4b0c8380cd4d56d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuenemeyer, J.H.","contributorId":106094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuenemeyer","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bawiec, W.J.","contributorId":71540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawiec","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012434,"text":"70012434 - 1980 - Computer-composite mapping for geologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012434","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computer-composite mapping for geologists","docAbstract":"A computer program for overlaying maps has been tested and evaluated as a means for producing geologic derivative maps. Four maps of the Sugar House Quadrangle, Utah, were combined, using the Multi-Scale Data Analysis and Mapping Program, in a single composite map that shows the relative stability of the land surface during earthquakes. Computer-composite mapping can provide geologists with a powerful analytical tool and a flexible graphic display technique. Digitized map units can be shown singly, grouped with different units from the same map, or combined with units from other source maps to produce composite maps. The mapping program permits the user to assign various values to the map units and to specify symbology for the final map. Because of its flexible storage, easy manipulation, and capabilities of graphic output, the composite-mapping technique can readily be applied to mapping projects in sedimentary and crystalline terranes, as well as to maps showing mineral resource potential. ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02473490","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"van Driel, J., 1980, Computer-composite mapping for geologists: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 151-157, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473490.","startPage":"151","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473490"},{"id":222202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f96fe4b0c8380cd4d5ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Driel, J.N.","contributorId":29959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Driel","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012404,"text":"70012404 - 1980 - A lead isotope study of mineralization in the Saudi Arabian Shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70012404","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lead isotope study of mineralization in the Saudi Arabian Shield","docAbstract":"New lead isotope data are presented for some late Precambrian and early Paleozoic vein and massive sulfide deposits in the Arabian Shield. Using the Stacey Kramers (1975) model for lead isotope evolution, isochron model ages range between 720 m.y. and 420 m.y. Most of the massive sulfide deposits in the region formed before 680 m.y. ago, during evolution of the shield. Vein type mineralization of higher lead content occurred during the Pan African event about 550 m.y. ago and continued through the Najd period of extensive faulting in the shield that ended about 530 m.y. ago. Late post-tectonic metamorphism may have been responsible for vein deposits that have model ages less than 500 m.y. Alternatively some of these younger model ages may be too low due to the mineralizing fluids acquiring radiogenic lead from appreciably older local crustal rocks at the time of ore formation. The low207Pb/204Pb ratios found for the deposits in the main part of the shield and for those in north-eastern Egypt, indicate that the Arabian craton was formed in an oceanic crustal environment during the late Precambrian. Involvement of older, upper-crustal material in the formation of the ore deposits in this part of the shield is precluded by their low207Pb/204Pb and208Pb/204Pb characteristics. In the eastern part of the shield, east of longitude 44??20???E towards the Al Amar-Idsas fault region, lead data are quite different. They exhibit a linear207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb relationship together with distinctly higher208Pb/204Pb characteristics. These data imply the existence of lower crustal rocks of early Proterozoic age that apparently have underthrust the shield rocks from the east. If most of the samples we have analyzed from this easterly region were mineralized 530 m.y. ago, then the age of the older continental rocks is 2,100??300 m.y. (2??). The presence of upper crustal rocks, possibly also of early Proterozoic age, is indicated by galena data from Hailan in South Yemen and also from near Muscat in Oman. These data are the first to indicate such old continental material in these regions. ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01132003","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Stacey, J.S., Doe, B.R., Roberts, R.J., Delevaux, M., and Gramlich, J.W., 1980, A lead isotope study of mineralization in the Saudi Arabian Shield: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 175-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132003.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205282,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132003"},{"id":222657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e435e4b0c8380cd464db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, R. J.","contributorId":58250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delevaux, M.H.","contributorId":27853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delevaux","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gramlich, J. W.","contributorId":69967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gramlich","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012402,"text":"70012402 - 1980 - Asymmetric measures of association, closed data, and multivariate analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012402","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asymmetric measures of association, closed data, and multivariate analysis","docAbstract":"The association between constant-sum variables Xiand Xjexpressed as percentages can be calculated as a product-moment correlation between Xiand Xj/(100 - Xi) and a correlation between Xjand Xi/(100 - Xj). An asymmetric, square matrix may be formed from these coefficients, and multivariate analysis performed by two methods: singular value decomposition and canonical decomposition. Either analysis avoids problems in the interpretation of correlation coefficients determined from closed arrays, and provides information about dependencies among the variables beyond that obtained from the usual correlation coefficient between Xiand Xj. Two examples show the canonical decomposition to have the greater usefulness. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01091206","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Hohn, M., and Nuhfer, E., 1980, Asymmetric measures of association, closed data, and multivariate analysis: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 235-246, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01091206.","startPage":"235","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091206"},{"id":222655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee97e4b0c8380cd49e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohn, M.","contributorId":92427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohn","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuhfer, E.B.","contributorId":89281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuhfer","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012390,"text":"70012390 - 1980 - Implications of regional gravity for state of stress in the earth's crust and upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:32:20.739665","indexId":"70012390","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of regional gravity for state of stress in the earth's crust and upper mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Topography is maintained by stress differences within the earth. Depending on the distribution of the stress we classify the support as either local or regional compensation. In general, the stresses implied in a regional compensation scheme are an order of magnitude larger than those corresponding to local isostasy. Gravity anomalies, a measure of the earth's departure from hydrostatic equilibrium, can be used to distinguish between the two compensation mechanisms and thus to estimate the magnitude of deviatoric stress in the crust and upper mantle. Topography created at an oceanic ridge crest or in a major continental orogenic zone appears to be locally compensated. Such features were formed on weak crust incapable of maintaining stress differences much greater than the stress from the applied load. Oceanic volcanoes formed on an already cooled, thickened lithosphere are regionally supported with elastic stresses. Similarly, the broad topographic rise seaward of subduction zones is elastically supported as the lithosphere is bent near the plate margin. Although the implied stress is to some degree dependent on the rheological model assumed, the gravity anomalies and surface deformation produced by these features demonstrate that the upper 30–40 km of the oceanic lithosphere is capable of regionally supporting stress differences in the 100-MPa range. Given certain conditions of load emplacement, continental crust can also support loads regionally over 100-m.y. time scales, but the effects of erosion only allow an estimate of a lower bound on stress. Data from space probes indicate that the upper layers of other terrestrial planets also support topographic-induced stress differences in excess of 100 MPa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06377","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McNutt, M., 1980, Implications of regional gravity for state of stress in the earth's crust and upper mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6377-6396, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06377.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"6377","endPage":"6396","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3929e4b0c8380cd61811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNutt, M.","contributorId":64805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012374,"text":"70012374 - 1980 - Nd-isotopes in selected mantle-derived rocks and minerals and their implications for mantle evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012374","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nd-isotopes in selected mantle-derived rocks and minerals and their implications for mantle evolution","docAbstract":"The Sm-Nd systematics in a variety of mantle-derived samples including kimberlites, alnoite, carbonatite, pyroxene and amphibole inclusions in alkali basalts and xenolithic eclogites, granulites and a pyroxene megacryst in kimberlites are reported. The additional data on kimberlites strengthen our earlier conclusion that kimberlites are derived from a relatively undifferentiated chondritic mantle source. This conclusion is based on the observation that the e{open}Nd values of most of the kimberlites are near zero. In contrast with the kimberlites, their garnet lherzolite inclusions show both time-averaged Nd enrichment and depletion with respect to Sm. Separated clinopyroxenes in eclogite xenoliths from the Roberts Victor kimberlite pipe show both positive and negative e{open}Nd values suggesting different genetic history. A whole rock lower crustal scapolite granulite xenolith from the Matsoku kimberlite pipe shows a negative e{open}Nd value of -4.2, possibly representative of the base of the crust in Lesotho. It appears that all inclusions, mafic and ultramafic, in kimberlites are unrelated to their kimberlite host. The above data and additional Sm-Nd data on xenoliths in alkali basalts, alpine peridotite and alnoite-carbonatites are used to construct a model for the upper 200 km of the earth's mantle - both oceanic and continental. The essential feature of this model is the increasing degree of fertility of the mantle with depth. The kimberlite's source at depths below 200 km in the subcontinental mantle is the most primitive in this model, and this primitive layer is also extended to the suboceanic mantle. However, it is clear from the Nd-isotopic data in the xenoliths of the continental kimberlites that above 200 km the continental mantle is distinctly different from their suboceanic counterpart. ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371888","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Basu, A.R., and Tatsumoto, M., 1980, Nd-isotopes in selected mantle-derived rocks and minerals and their implications for mantle evolution: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 75, no. 1, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371888.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205215,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371888"},{"id":222252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63c6e4b0c8380cd726ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basu, A. R.","contributorId":99697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012367,"text":"70012367 - 1980 - High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:39:43.662966","indexId":"70012367","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey contracted a high-sensitivity, digital aeromagnetic survey that was flown over the U.S. Atlantic continental margin over a period of 15 months between 1974 and 1976. The 185,000 km of profile data have a relative accuracy approaching a few tenths of a nanotesla, which allowed compilation into maps at a scale of 1:250,000, with a contour interval of 2 nT. Automatic data processing using the Werner method allowed calculations of apparent depth to sources of the magnetic anomalies on all of the profiles, assuming a dike or interface as a source. Comparison of the computed depths to magnetic basement with multichannel seismic profiles across the survey area helped to reduce ambiguities in magnetic depth estimates and enabled interpolation of basement structures between seismic profiles. The resulting map showing depth to basement of the Atlantic continental margin is compatible with available multichannel seismic data, and we consider it a reasonable representation of the base of the sedimentary column.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441068","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., and Klitgord, K.D., 1980, High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Geophysics, v. 45, no. 12, p. 1813-1846, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441068.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313de4b0c8380cd5dd61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012352,"text":"70012352 - 1980 - Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012352","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data","docAbstract":"The dominant feature distinguishing one method of principal components analysis from another is the manner in which the original data are transformed prior to the other computations. The only other distinguishing feature of any importance is whether the eigenvectors of the inner product-moment of the transformed data matrix are taken directly as the Q-mode scores or scaled by the square roots of their associated eigenvalues and called the R-mode loadings. If the eigenvectors are extracted from the product-moment correlation matrix, the variables, in effect, were transformed by column standardization (zero means and unit variances), and the sum of the p-largest eigenvalues divided by the sum of all the eigenvalues indicates the degree to which a model containing p components will account for the total variance in the original data. However, if the data were transformed in any manner other than column standardization, the eigenvalues cannot be used in this manner, but can only be used to determine the degree to which the model will account for the transformed data. Regardless of the type of principal components analysis that is performed-even whether it is R or Q-mode-the goodness-of-fit of the model to the original data is given better by the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix than by those of the matrix that was actually factored. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01034742","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Miesch, A., 1980, Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 6, p. 523-538, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01034742.","startPage":"523","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034742"},{"id":221942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871de4b08c986b316308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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