{"pageNumber":"1685","pageRowStart":"42100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":30325,"text":"wri934154 - 1993 - Development, description, and application of a geographic information system data base for water resources in karst terrane in Greene County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri934154","displayToPublicDate":"1995-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4154","title":"Development, description, and application of a geographic information system data base for water resources in karst terrane in Greene County, Missouri","docAbstract":"A geographic information system data base was developed for Greene County, Missouri, to provide data for use in the protection of water resources. The geographic information system data base contains the following map layers: geology, cave entrances and passages, county and quadrangle boundary, dye traces, faults, geographic names, hypsography, hydrography, lineaments, Ozark aquifer potentio- metric surface, public land survey system, sink- holes, soils, springs, and transportation. Several serious incidents of ground-water contamination have been reported in the karst terrane developed in soluble carbonate rocks in Greene County. Karst terranes are environmentally sensitive because any contaminant carried by surface runoff has the potential for rapid transport through solution enlarged fractures to the ground-water system. In the karst terrane in Greene County, about 2,500 sinkholes have been located; these sinkholes are potential access points for contamination to the ground-water system. Recent examples of ground-water contamination by sewage, fertilizers, and hydrocarbon chemicals have demonstrated the sensitivity of ground water in the Greene County karst terrane to degradation. The ground-water system is a major source of drinking water for Greene County. The population in Greene County, which includes Springfield, the third largest city in Missouri, is rapidly increasing and the protection of the water resources of Greene County is an increasing concern.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934154","usgsCitation":"Waite, L., and Thomson, K.C., 1993, Development, description, and application of a geographic information system data base for water resources in karst terrane in Greene County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4154, vi, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934154.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110267,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47855.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"47855"},{"id":123842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4154/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59117,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4154/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59118,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4154/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, L.A.","contributorId":40995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, Kenneth C.","contributorId":55478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28732,"text":"wri904168 - 1993 - Glacial geology and the origin and distribution of aquifers at the Valley Heads moraine in the Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake-Harford Valleys, Tompkins and Cortland Counties, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T11:02:09.326291","indexId":"wri904168","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4168","title":"Glacial geology and the origin and distribution of aquifers at the Valley Heads moraine in the Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake-Harford Valleys, Tompkins and Cortland Counties, New York","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904168","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.S., 1993, Glacial geology and the origin and distribution of aquifers at the Valley Heads moraine in the Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake-Harford Valleys, Tompkins and Cortland Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4168, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904168.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413977,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49241.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Tompkins County, Cortland County","otherGeospatial":"Valley Heads moraine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.3153,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3153,\n              42.4278\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2083,\n              42.4278\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2083,\n              42.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3153,\n              42.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Todd S.","contributorId":85623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28676,"text":"wri914138 - 1993 - Hydrogeology of unconsolidated deposits in Chenango County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:35","indexId":"wri914138","displayToPublicDate":"1995-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4138","title":"Hydrogeology of unconsolidated deposits in Chenango County, New York","docAbstract":"Chenango County uses ground water from unconsolidated valley-fill aquifers and from bedrock in the uplands for public water supply. Water-resources managers and planners need information on the location, thickness, and potential well yield of unconsolidated deposits throughout the county to formulate plans to protect and manage the ground-water resources. Data from 519 well sites were obtained from well drillers and several State agencies in 1989 and 1990 and combined with data from previous studies to compile a well-inventory table and maps depicting well locations, thickness of unconsolidated deposits, and potential well yields from valley-fill aquifers.  Thickness of unconsolidated deposits on hilltops and in areas of steep terrain is generally less than 5 ft (feet); on north-facing hillsides it is generally less than 50 ft, whereas on south-facing hillsides and kame terraces, it typically ranges from 50 to 100 ft. Thickness of unconsolidated deposits in major stream valleys generally exceeds 100 ft and exceeds 200 ft locally.  The most productive aquifers consist of coarse valley-fill sand and gravel deposits. Wells completed in aquifers that occupy minor stream valleys, such as the Genegantslet creek Valley,generally yield less than 100 gal/min (gallons per minute). Potential well yields from deposits in major stream valleys, such as the Chenango River Valley, range from 100 to 3,500 gal/min. In areas where the saturated thickness exceeds 40 ft and the drainage basin exceeds 200 square miles, the potential yield of some wells can exceed 3,500 gal/min.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914138","usgsCitation":"McPherson, W., 1993, Hydrogeology of unconsolidated deposits in Chenango County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4138, iv, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914138.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57510,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57511,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57512,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57513,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57514,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57515,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57516,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, W.S.","contributorId":67128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":19991,"text":"ofr9461 - 1993 - Policy and procedures for the management and archival storage of data collected for hydrologic investigations, U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T12:38:09","indexId":"ofr9461","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-61","title":"Policy and procedures for the management and archival storage of data collected for hydrologic investigations, U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana District","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the policy and procedures used by the Indiana District of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, to manage and store data collected during hydrologic investigations. It is the policy of the Indiana District that data collected to meet the objectives of projects for hydrologic investigations be documented, organized, and archieved in a manner that (1) facilitates retrieval, evaluation, and use by other District personnel, and (2) enables verifi- cation of data contained in all reports and computer data bases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9461","usgsCitation":"Martin, J.D., and Cohen, D.A., 1993, Policy and procedures for the management and archival storage of data collected for hydrologic investigations, U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana District: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-61, iv, 21 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9461.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68491f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohen, David A.","contributorId":30198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":181865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30475,"text":"wri934163 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri934163","displayToPublicDate":"1995-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4163","title":"Hydrology of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Estancia Basin of central New Mexico is a topographically closed basin that ranges in altitude from 6,000 feet to more than 10,000 feet above sea level. In the center of the basin a valley-fill aquifer of Quaternary age is as much as 400 feet thick. Limestone of the Madera Group of Pennsylvanian and Permian age crops out over most of the southwestern part of the basin. Large-scale ground-water withdrawals for irrigation began about 1950. Between 1950 and 1985, water levels declined 50 to 60 feet in a number of places. From 1985 to the present (1989), however, a small rise in water level has been measured in a number of wells; this rise can be attributed to decreased ground-water withdrawals resulting from a government crop- reduction program and also to several years of heavy winter snowfall. Continuous water-level recorders were placed on three wells from 1986 to 1988. Two of these wells showed short-term water-level changes characteristic of unconfined aquifers, whereas the other showed changes characteristic of confined aquifers. All three wells showed water-level changes caused by barometric-pressure changes. Six series of miscellaneous measurements and two gain-and-loss (seepage) studies were made in streams in the south- western part of the basin. These measurements showed an extreme variability in discharge under different climatic conditions. The specific conductance of water in much of the southwestern part of the basin ranges from 350 to 550 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. East of State Highway 41 in the area of the salt lakes, water quality is highly dependent on depth in the aquifer. Specific- conductance values ranging from about 4,000 to 6,000 microsiemens were measured in  water samples from wells in the center of the basin during this study, but previous studies have identified water samples having specific-conductance values of as much as 187,000 microsiemens. A comparison of specific- conductance measurements and laboratory analyses of well water shows that water quality has changed in the past several decades. In many places, increases in spedtic conductance can be correlated with deelines in water level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934163","usgsCitation":"White, R., 1993, Hydrology of the Estancia Basin, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4163, v, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934163.","productDescription":"v, 83 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4163/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59259,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4163/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59260,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, R.R.","contributorId":52568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27450,"text":"wri934200 - 1993 - Simulated effects of the proposed Garrison Diversion Unit on streamflow and dissolved solids in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T19:23:14.649595","indexId":"wri934200","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4200","title":"Simulated effects of the proposed Garrison Diversion Unit on streamflow and dissolved solids in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Future development of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota could deliver 100 cubic feet per second of water for the cities of Fargo, Grand Forks, and surrounding communities. Missouri River water from the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply would be delivered to the upper reaches of the Sheyenne River, which would convey the water to the Red River of the North. Potential effects of releasing Missouri River water to the Sheyenne River on the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Sheyenne River and in the Red River of the North are evaluated for two proposed operating plans year-round operation (12 months each year) and nonwinter operation (April through October each year). The Project Canals, Reservoirs, and River Systems (PROCRRS) and Canals, Rivers, and Reservoirs Salinity Accounting Procedures (CRRSAP) monthly accounting models are used to predict streamflow and dissolved-solids changes that could result from the proposed release of treated Missouri River water into the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. For year-round operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply for the period 1931-84, the maximum quantity of water that must be delivered to the upper reaches of the Sheyenne River so that 100 cubic feet per second of Missouri River water can be delivered to Fargo, N.Dak., and Grand Forks, N.Dak., was estimated to be about 151 cubic feet per second for August 1976. For nonwinter operation the maximum quantity of water was estimated to be about 210 cubic feet per second. </p><p>Model simulations were used to assess the effects that operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply could have on streamflow and water quality of the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. Effects were assessed by comparing simulated streamflows that include Missouri River water to baseline conditions, which represent hydrologic conditions before addition of Missouri River water. </p><p>Simulated mean monthly dissolved-solids concentrations for Sheyenne River nodes for year-round and nonwinter operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit Sheyenne River water supply generally were less than those for baseline conditions. Simulated mean monthly dissolved-solids concentrations for Red River of the North nodes for year-round and nonwinter operation generally were greater than those for baseline conditions.</p><p>Streamflow for 1933-42 was about 25 percent of the mean annual streamflow for 1931-84. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round and nonwinter operation for node 125, Sheyenne River near Cooperstown, N.Dak., for the low-flow conditions of 1933-42 were less than those for baseline conditions. Annual variability of simulated dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round operation was less than annual variability for nonwinter operation and for baseline conditions. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round and nonwinter operation for node 250, Sheyenne River near Kindred, N.Dak., for the low-flow conditions of 1933-42 ranged from 500 to 600 milligrams per liter. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for baseline conditions ranged from 300 milligrams per liter to greater than 1,000 milligrams per liter. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for nonwinter operation were less than those for year-round operation. For node 700, Red River of the North at Grand Forks, N.Dak., the magnitude of simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for year-round and nonwinter operation for the low-flow conditions of 1933-42 were about the same as those for baseline conditions.</p><p>Streamflow for 1973-82 was about 30 percent greater than the mean annual streamflow for 1931-84. For the high-flow conditions of 1973-82, simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for node 125 for year-round operation ranged from about 325 to 650 milligrams per liter, and simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for baseline conditions and for nonwinter operation generally ranged from 325 to 800 milligrams per liter. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for node 250 for year-round and nonwinter operation were about the same as those for baseline conditions. Simulated monthly mean dissolved-solids concentrations for node 700 for year-round and nonwinter operation also were about the same as those for baseline conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934200","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R.S., 1993, Simulated effects of the proposed Garrison Diversion Unit on streamflow and dissolved solids in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North, North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4200, Report: viii, 121 p.; Plate: 21.38 x 15.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934200.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 121 p.; Plate: 21.38 x 15.78 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403298,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47892.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56311,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56310,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4200/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4200/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.4167,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.2833,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.2833,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.4167,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.4167,\n              45.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. 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,{"id":70201441,"text":"wdrOK922 - 1993 - Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1992. Volume 2. Red River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-17T00:44:51.90971","indexId":"wdrOK922","displayToPublicDate":"1994-02-10T09:41:51","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OK-92-2","title":"Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1992. Volume 2. Red River basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOK922","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Water resources data, Oklahoma, water year 1992. Volume 2. 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,{"id":70111405,"text":"70111405 - 1993 - Cyst acquisition rate for Giardia lamblia in backcountry travelers to Desolation Wilderness, Lake Tahoe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T13:31:06","indexId":"70111405","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-04T13:14:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2506,"text":"Journal of Wilderness Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyst acquisition rate for Giardia lamblia in backcountry travelers to Desolation Wilderness, Lake Tahoe","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of Giardia lamblia acquisition in back-country travelers to a wilderness area, provide longitudinal follow-up on the incidence of symptomatic gastrointestinal illness and relate such information to concentrations of Giardia cysts in water samples from a high-use area. A prospective cohort non-interventional study of 41 healthy adult backcountry travelers from age 19 to 71 years in Desolation Wilderness, Lake Tahoe Basin was carried out.</p>\n\n<br>\n\n<p>The incidence of Giardia cyst acquisition in backcountry travelers was only 5.7% (95% CI 0.17–20.2%). Mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal illness occurred in 16.7% of subjects (95% CI 4.9%–34.50%), none of whom demonstrated G. lamblia infection. Water sampling from three popular stream sites revealed cyst contamination to be generally at low levels with cyst concentrations in the single digit range for every 100 gallons filtered. G. lamblia contamination of water occurs, but at low levels. Acquisition of this parasite may be infrequent in backcountry recreationalists. Symptomatic gastrointestinal illness following wilderness travel can be due to other etiologies. Our findings may not be representative of all wilderness areas, but suggest that in the absence of documented G. lamblia infection, persons symptomatic following travel may suffer a self-limiting gastrointestinal illness. In such circumstances, empiric therapy for giardiasis is tempting but difficult to justify.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wilderness Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1580/0953-9859-4.2.147","usgsCitation":"Zell, S., and Sorenson, S.K., 1993, Cyst acquisition rate for Giardia lamblia in backcountry travelers to Desolation Wilderness, Lake Tahoe: Journal of Wilderness Medicine, v. 4, no. 2, p. 147-154, https://doi.org/10.1580/0953-9859-4.2.147.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288077,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1580/0953-9859-4.2.147"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Desolation Wilderness;Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.29,38.82 ], [ -120.29,39.02 ], [ -120.07,39.02 ], [ -120.07,38.82 ], [ -120.29,38.82 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903fe9e4b04eea98bf8502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zell, S.C.","contributorId":35237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zell","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, S. K.","contributorId":28268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":17671,"text":"ofr9252 - 1993 - Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17671,"text":"ofr9252 - 1993 - Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change","indexId":"ofr9252","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":238,"text":"wsp2422 - 1994 - Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change","indexId":"wsp2422","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":238,"text":"wsp2422 - 1994 - Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change","indexId":"wsp2422","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change"},"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T14:09:50","indexId":"ofr9252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-52","title":"Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change","docAbstract":"<p>Because of the \"greenhouse effect,\" projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels might cause global warming, which in turn could result in changes in precipitation patterns and evapotranspiration and in increases in sea level. This report describes the greenhouse effect; discusses the problems and uncertainties associated with the detection, prediction, and effects of climatic change, and presents the results of sensitivity-analysis studies of the potential effects of climate change on water resources in the Delaware River basin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>On the basis of sensitivity analyses, potentially serious shortfalls of certain water resources in the basin could result if some climatic-change scenarios become true. The results of basin streamflow-model simulations in this study demonstrate the difficulty in distinguishing effects of climatic change on streamflow and water supply from effects of natural variability in current climate. The future direction of basin changes in most water resources, furthermore, cannot be determined precisely because of uncertainty in current projections of regional temperature and precipitation. This large uncertainty indicates that, for resource planning, information defining the sensitivities of water resources to a range of climate change is most relevant. The sensitivity analyses could be useful in developing contingency plans on how to evaluate and respond to changes, should they occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9252","usgsCitation":"Ayers, M.A., Wolock, D.M., McCabe, G., Hay, L.E., and Tasker, G.D., 1993, Sensitivity of water resources in the Delaware River basin to climate variability and change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-52, vii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9252.","productDescription":"vii, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287514,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0052/report.pdf"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Delaware;New Jersey;Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,39.0 ], [ -75.5,40.0 ], [ -74.5,40.0 ], [ -74.5,39.0 ], [ -75.5,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":177371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":177370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":136,"text":"wsp2400 - 1993 - National water summary 1990-91: Hydrologic events and stream water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:33:24.152547","indexId":"wsp2400","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2400","title":"National water summary 1990-91: Hydrologic events and stream water quality","docAbstract":"<p><i>National Water Summary 1990-91 Hydrologic Events and Stream Water Quality</i> was planned to complement existing Federal-State water-quality reporting to the U.S. Congress that is required by the Clean Water Act of 1972. This act, formally known as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500), and its amendments in 1977,1979,1980,1981,1983, and 1987, is the principal basis for Federal-State cooperation on maintaining and reporting on water quality in the United States. Under section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act, the States must designate uses for waterbodies, biennially assess whether the waterbodies meet designated uses, and report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which in turn summarizes the findings of the State assessments in a biennial National Water Quality Inventory report to the Congress.</p>\n<p>This volume of the <i>National Water Summary</i> uses a nationally consistent data base and methods of statistical analysis to document stream water quality in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Western Pacific Islands. As a basis for preparation of this report, the U.S. Geological Survey (uses) created a data base of waterquality data from about 2,900 stream water-quality monitoring stations in the United States (Lanfear, 1993). These data, which were extracted primarily from the uses National Water Information System (NWIS) and supplemented with data from the EPA national data base known as STORET, consisted mostly of water-chemistry and physical-sediment data. About 1,400 of these stations met a criterion, used in this volume for trends analysis of data, of having a period of record that began before water year 1980. (A water year is the period from October 1 through September 30 and is identified by the calendar year at the end of the period.) Inasmuch as the determination of trends requires about 10 years of data, few biological data were suitable for trends analysis because biological indicators of water quality were not being collected extensively by water year 1980. Also, because of the lack of long-term data, an assessment of the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is not included in this <i>National Water Summary</i>. Constituent and waterproperty data were selected from this data base and analyzed with statistical techniques that have been used extensively by the uses to summarize conditions and trends in water quality. (Throughout the remainder of this article, the term \"constituent\" is used also to represent water properties, such as pH and alkalinity.) Selected results from this analysis are presented graphically, both by State and nationally, in this volume.</p>\n<p>The data base created for preparation of this volume and the resulting nationally consistent statistical analysis of these data provide a unique opportunity to compare and contrast stream water-quality conditions and trends nationally and State by State. Because of the complexity of water quality and the natural seasonal and diurnal variations in the concentrations of waterquality constituents, the determination of trends in water quality requires a relatively long period of record. Trends in constituent concentrations in the State summaries in this volume were calculated for one or more of four periods water years 1970-89,1975-89,1980- 89, and 1982-89. Unfortunately, few water-quality monitoring stations have periods of record of more than 10 or 15 years, and therefore most analyses in the State summaries were done for 8- or 10-year periods. Although interest in water quality has continued to heighten since passage of the Clean Water Act, funds for support of data-collection programs are limited and data records of many of the constituents now of current concern, especially organic constituents, do not exist or are less than 10-years long; consequently only a modest number of organic constituents are presented in this volume. Discussion of conditions and trends in water quality in this <i>National Water Summary</i> also draw upon information about land use, population, water use, application of agricultural chemicals in rural areas, the siting of industrial facilities, and other ancillary information. Because the results of analysis of a restricted number of constituents are presented in this volume, State 305(b) reports also are cited in the discussion of water quality in each State.</p>\n<p>The following discussion is an overview of the three parts of this 1990-91 <i>National Water Summary</i> - \"Hydrologic Conditions and Water-Related Events, Water Years 1990-91,\" \"Hydrologic Perspectives on Water Issues,\" and \"State Summaries of Stream Water Quality.\"</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2400","usgsCitation":"1993, National water summary 1990-91: Hydrologic events and stream water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2400, ix, 590 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2400.","productDescription":"ix, 590 p.","numberOfPages":"602","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota 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,{"id":66611,"text":"i1420(NH14) - 1993 - Quaternary geologic map of the Austin 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T19:11:59.179576","indexId":"i1420(NH14)","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1420(NH-14)","subseriesTitle":"GAUS","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Austin 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States","docAbstract":"<p>This map is part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States (I-1420). It was first published as a printed edition in 1993. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheet and component parts as PDF files.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Austin 4° x 6° Quadrangle was mapped as part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States. The atlas was begun as an effort to depict the areal distribution of surficial geologic deposits and other materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, the period that includes all activities of the human species. These materials are at the surface of the Earth. They make up the ground on which we walk, the dirt in which we dig foundations, and the soil in which we grow crops. Most of our human activity is related in one way or another to these surface materials that are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmental and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of the continent. The maps were compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In recent years, surficial deposits and materials have become the focus of much interest by scientists, environmentalists, governmental agencies, and the general public. They are the foundations of ecosystems, the materials that support plant growth and animal habitat, and the materials through which travels much of the water required for our agriculture, our industry, and our general well being. They also are materials that easily can become contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic wastes. In this context, the value of the surficial geologic map is evident.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1420(NH14)","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology","usgsCitation":"Wermund, E.G., Moore, D., Christiansen, A.C., and Bush, C.A., 1993, Quaternary geologic map of the Austin 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States (Digital edition 2013): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1420(NH-14), Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 52.50 x 32.40 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1420(NH14).","productDescription":"Report: 15 p.; 1 Plate: 52.50 x 32.40 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398591,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":287844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1420(NH14).jpg"},{"id":287576,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-14/pdf/i-1420_nh-14_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":287577,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-14/pdf/textonly.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":287578,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-14/downloads/"},{"id":287575,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nh-14/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Modified Polyconic projection","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Austin 4° x 6° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.0,28.0 ], [ -102.0,32.0 ], [ -96.0,32.0 ], [ -96.0,28.0 ], [ -102.0,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Digital edition 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2a6","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749858,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"editors":[{"text":"Richmond, Gerald M.","contributorId":87165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749857,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wermund, E. 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,{"id":54647,"text":"wdrMARI921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T18:16:19.430522","indexId":"wdrMARI921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1992 water year for Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 77 gaging stations, month end contents for six lakes and reservoirs, water quality for nine gaging stations, and water levels for 128 observation wells. Also included are data for 60 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous discharge measurements and quality of ground water. A few pertinent stations in bordering states are also included in this report. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Socolow, R., Shepard, T., Girouard, G., and Gadoury, R.A., 1993, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-92-1, xvi, 255 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI921.","productDescription":"xvi, 255 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/mari-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/mari-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shepard, T.S.","contributorId":93125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girouard, G.G.","contributorId":88017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girouard","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gadoury, R. A.","contributorId":26334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadoury","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54567,"text":"wdrHI921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1992: Volume 1. Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T16:15:04.310487","indexId":"wdrHI921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1992: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report, volume 1, contains discharge records for 87 gaging stations; water quality for 16 gaging stations, 20 partial-record flow stations, and 126 wells; and water levels for 63 observation wells. Also included are - 107 crest-stage partial record stations, 4 miscellaneous partial-record stations, and 6 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resource Management and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, I., Kunishige, V., and Lum, M., 1993, Water Resources Data, Hawaii and other Pacific Areas, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. 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,{"id":64601,"text":"i1420(NJ14) - 1993 - Quaternary geologic map of the Wichita 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T18:44:01","indexId":"i1420(NJ14)","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1420(NJ-14)","subseriesTitle":"GAUS","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Wichita 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States","docAbstract":"This map is part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States (I-1420). It was first published as a printed edition in 1993. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheet and component parts as PDF files. The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Wichita 4&deg; x 6&deg; Quadrangle was mapped as part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States. The atlas was begun as an effort to depict the areal distribution of surficial geologic deposits and other materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, the period that includes all activities of the human species. These materials are at the surface of the earth. They make up the \"ground\" on which we walk, the \"dirt\" in which we dig foundations, and the \"soil\" in which we grow crops. Most of our human activity is related in one way or another to these surface materials that are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmental and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of the continent. The maps were compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale. In recent years, surficial deposits and materials have become the focus of much interest by scientists, environmentalists, governmental agencies, and the general public. They are the foundations of ecosystems, the materials that support plant growth and animal habitat, and the materials through which travels much of the water required for our agriculture, our industry, and our general well being. They also are materials that easily can become contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic wastes. In this context, the value of the surficial geologic map is evident.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1420(NJ14)","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Geological Survey, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, and the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology","usgsCitation":"Luza, V., Jensen, K.M., Fishman, W.D., Wermund, E.G., Richmond, G., Christiansen, A.C., and Bush, C.A., 1993, Quaternary geologic map of the Wichita 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1420(NJ-14), 1 map :col. ;52.80 x 41.18 inches, on sheet 104 x 133 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.; Text: 18 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1420(NJ14).","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;52.80 x 41.18 inches, on sheet 104 x 133 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.; Text: 18 p.; Downloads Directory","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-14/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":106735,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9211"}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,36 ], [ -102,40 ], [ -96,40 ], [ -96,36 ], [ -102,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b93","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Denne, Jane E.","contributorId":59550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denne","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749569,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"editors":[{"text":"Richmond, Gerald M.","contributorId":87165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749568,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Luza, V.","contributorId":81619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luza","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Kathleen M.","contributorId":84492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, W. D.","contributorId":106250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wermund, E. G. Jr.","contributorId":72468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wermund","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richmond, Gerald Martin","contributorId":28352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christiansen, Ann Coe","contributorId":96656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Coe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bush, Charles A.","contributorId":97876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":47741,"text":"wri924024B - 1993 - Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90; Part B, Effect on biota in Stillwater and Fernley Wildlife Management Areas and other nearby wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T19:59:16","indexId":"wri924024B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4024","chapter":"B","title":"Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90; Part B, Effect on biota in Stillwater and Fernley Wildlife Management Areas and other nearby wetlands","docAbstract":"A water-quality reconnaissance study during 1986-87 found high concentrations of several potentially toxic elements in water, bottom sediment, and biota in and near Stillwater Wildlife Management Area (WMA). This study prompted the U.S. Department of the Interior to initiate a more detailed study to determine the hydrogeochemical processes that control water quality in the Stillwater WMA, and other nearby wetlands, and the resulting effects on biota, especially migratory birds. Present wetland size is about 10% of historical size; the dissolved- solids load in the water in these now-isolated wetlands has increased only moderately, but the dissolved-solids concentration has increased more than seven-fold. Wetland vegetation has diminished and species composition in flow water has shifted to predominant salt-tolerant species in many areas. Decreased vegetative cover for nesting is implicated in declining waterfowl production. Decreases in numbers or virtual absence of several wildlife species are attributed to degraded water quality. Results of toxicity tests indicate that water in some drains and wetland areas is acutely toxic to some fish and invertebrates. Toxicity is attributed to the combined presence of arsenic, boron, lithium, and molybdenum. Biological pathways are involved in the transport of mercury and selenium from agricultural drains to wetlands. Hatch success of both artificially incubated and field-reared duck eggs was greater than/= 90 percent; no teratogenesis was observed. Mercury in muscle tissue of waterfowl harvested from Carson Lake in October 1987 exceeded the human health criterion six-fold.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924024B","usgsCitation":"Hallock, L.L., 1993, Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90; Part B, Effect on biota in Stillwater and Fernley Wildlife Management Areas and other nearby wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4024, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924024B.","productDescription":"84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":84655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4024b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4024b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667b39","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hallock, Robert J.","contributorId":21621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745723,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hallock, Linda L.","contributorId":20810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54725,"text":"wdrMS921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Mississippi, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:13:33.601302","indexId":"wdrMS921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Mississippi, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Mississippi consist of records of_stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 82 gaging stations; stage records for 19 of these gaging stations; stage only at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 24 streamflow gaging stations, 2 ungaged stream sites, 65 wells and 4 precipitation quality stations; and water levels for 235 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations, and discharge data at 6 flood hydrograph partial-record stations, and water quality data at 8 partial-record or miscellaneous sites and 448 short-term study sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 4-6. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and with other State, county, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1993, Water resources data, Mississippi, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-92-1, viii, 461 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS921.","productDescription":"viii, 461 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ms-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ms-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70156913,"text":"70156913 - 1993 - TRIM—3D: a three-dimensional model for accurate simulation of shallow water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:19:44","indexId":"70156913","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TRIM—3D: a three-dimensional model for accurate simulation of shallow water flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>A semi-implicit finite difference formulation for the numerical solution of three-dimensional tidal circulation is discussed. The governing equations are the three-dimensional Reynolds equations in which the pressure is assumed to be hydrostatic. A minimal degree of implicitness has been introduced in the finite difference formula so that the resulting algorithm permits the use of large time steps at a minimal computational cost. This formulation includes the simulation of flooding and drying of tidal flats, and is fully vectorizable for an efficient implementation on modern vector computers. The high computational efficiency of this method has made it possible to provide the fine details of circulation structure in complex regions that previous studies were unable to obtain. For proper interpretation of the model results suitable interactive graphics is also an essential tool.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 25, 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","isbn":"978-0-87262-920-2","usgsCitation":"Casulli, V., Bertolazzi, E., and Cheng, R.T., 1993, TRIM—3D: a three-dimensional model for accurate simulation of shallow water flow, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Engineering, San Francisco, CA, July 25, 1993, p. 1988-1993.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1988","endPage":"1993","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?84151"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb704e4b058f706e53ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casulli, Vincenzo","contributorId":42302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bertolazzi, Enrico","contributorId":147306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertolazzi","given":"Enrico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":20726,"text":"ofr93326B - 1993 - Surface-water quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin in Kentucky chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements in fine-grained streambed sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:41:00","indexId":"ofr93326B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-326","chapter":"B","title":"Surface-water quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin in Kentucky chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements in fine-grained streambed sediments","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93326B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Ryder, J.L., Sanzolone, R.F., and Porter, S.D., 1993, Surface-water quality assessment of the Kentucky River basin in Kentucky chemical analyses of major, minor, and trace elements in fine-grained streambed sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-326, 1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93326B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277740,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0326b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, J. L.","contributorId":30997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2694,"text":"wsp2395 - 1993 - Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20919,"text":"ofr91487 - 1992 - Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","indexId":"ofr91487","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2694,"text":"wsp2395 - 1993 - Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","indexId":"wsp2395","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:52:19","indexId":"wsp2395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2395","title":"Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","docAbstract":"<p>Discharge measurement of large rivers and estuaries is difficult, time consuming, and sometimes dangerous. Frequently, discharge measurements cannot be made in tide-affected rivers and estuaries using conventional discharge-measurement techniques because of dynamic discharge conditions. The acoustic Doppler discharge-measurement system (ADDMS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey using a vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler coupled with specialized computer software to measure horizontal water velocity at 1-meter vertical intervals in the water column. The system computes discharge from water-and vessel-velocity data supplied by the ADDMS using vector-algebra algorithms included in the discharge-measurement software. With this system, a discharge measurement can be obtained by engaging the computer software and traversing a river or estuary from bank to bank; discharge in parts of the river or estuarine cross sections that cannot be measured because of ADDMS depth limitations are estimated by the system. Comparisons of ADDMS-measured discharges with ultrasonic-velocity-meter-measured discharges, along with error-analysis data, have confirmed that discharges provided by the ADDMS are at least as accurate as those produced using conventional methods. In addition, the advantage of a much shorter measurement time (2 minutes using the ADDMS compared with 1 hour or longer using conventional methods) has enabled use of the ADDMS for several applications where conventional discharge methods could not have been used with the required accuracy because of dynamic discharge conditions.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2395","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.R., and Oltmann, R.N., 1993, Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2395, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2395.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2395/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2582,"text":"wsp2412 - 1993 - Factors affecting areas contributing recharge to wells in shallow aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:25","indexId":"wsp2412","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2412","title":"Factors affecting areas contributing recharge to wells in shallow aquifers","docAbstract":"The source of water to wells is ultimately the location where the water flowing to a well enters the boundary surface of the ground-water system. In ground-water systems that receive most of their water from areal recharge, the location of the water entering the ground-water system is at the water table. The area contributing recharge to a discharging well is the surface area that defines the location of the water entering the ground-water system at the water table that flows to the well and is eventually discharged from the well. The calculation of areas contributing recharge to wells is complex because flow paths in ground-water systems change in response to development, and the aquifer material in ground-water systems is heterogeneous and is hidden from direct observation . Hypothetical experiments were undertaken to show the complexities in the delineation of areas contributing recharge to wells. Four different 'cases' are examined to demonstrate the effect of different conceptualized aquifer frameworks on deterministically calculated areas contributing recharge. The main conclusion drawn from the experiments is that, in order to understand the cause and effect relations that affect the quality of water derived from wells, the importance and nature of the variability in the ground-waterflow system must be considered and accounted for in any efforts to 'protect' the water supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2412","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., and Pollock, D.W., 1993, Factors affecting areas contributing recharge to wells in shallow aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2412, iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2412.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":33,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2412/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2320,"text":"wsp2398 - 1993 - Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20125,"text":"ofr9165 - 1992 - Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","indexId":"ofr9165","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2320,"text":"wsp2398 - 1993 - Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","indexId":"wsp2398","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2398","title":"Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2398","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., 1993, Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2398, vi, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2398.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2398/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28160,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2398/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1891,"text":"wsp2384 - 1993 - Effects of underground mining and mine collapse on the hydrology of selected basins in West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2384","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2384","title":"Effects of underground mining and mine collapse on the hydrology of selected basins in West Virginia","docAbstract":"The effects of underground mining and mine collapse on areal hydrology were determined at one site where the mined bed of coal lies above major streams and at two sites where the bed of coal lies below major streams. Subsidence cracks observed at land surface generally run parallel to predominant joint sets in the rocks. The mining and subsidence cracks increase hydraulic conductivity and interconnection of water-bearing rock units, which in turn cause increased infiltration of precipitation and surface water, decreased evapotranspiration, and higher base flows in some small streams. Water levels in observation wells in mined areas fluctuate as much as 100 ft annually. Both gaining and losing streams are found in mined areas. Mine pumpage and drainage can cause diversion of water underground from one basin to another. Areal and single-well aquifer tests indicated that near-surface rocks have higher transmissivity in a mine-subsided basin than in unmined basins. Increased infiltration and circulation through shallow subsurface rocks increase dissolved mineral loads in streams, as do treated and untreated contributions from mine pumpage and drainage. Abandoned and flooded underground mines make good reservoirs because of their increased transmissivity and storage. Subsidence cracks were not detectable by thermal imagery, but springs and seeps were detectable.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2384","usgsCitation":"Hobba, W.A., 1993, Effects of underground mining and mine collapse on the hydrology of selected basins in West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2384, iv, 79 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2384.","productDescription":"iv, 79 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2384/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27180,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2384/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobba, William A. Jr.","contributorId":46076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobba","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":59,"text":"wsp2391 - 1993 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17139,"text":"ofr9152 - 1991 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","indexId":"ofr9152","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":59,"text":"wsp2391 - 1993 - Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","indexId":"wsp2391","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T10:50:18","indexId":"wsp2391","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2391","title":"Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia","docAbstract":"<p>In the Albany area of southwestern Georgia, the Upper Floridan aquifer lies entirely within the Dougherty Plain district of the Coastal Plain physiographic province, and consists of the Ocala Limestone of late Eocene age. The aquifer is divided throughout most of the study area into an upper and a lower lithologic unit, which creates an upper and a lower water-bearing zone. The lower waterbearing zone consists of alternating layers of sandy limestone and medium-brown, recrystallized dolomitic limestone, and ranges in thickness from about 50 ft to 100 ft. It is highly fractured and exhibits well-developed permeability by solution features that are responsible for transmitting most of the ground water in the aquifer. Transmissivity of the lower water-bearing zone ranges from about 90,000 to 178,000 ft2/d. The upper water-bearing zone is a finely crystallized-to-oolitic, locally dolomitic limestone having an average thickness of about 60 ft. Transmissivities are considerably less in the upper water-bearing zone than in the lower water-bearing zone. The Upper Floridan aquifer is overlain by about 20-120 ft of undifferentiated overburden consisting of fine-to-coarse quartz sand and noncalcareous clay. A clay zone about 10-30 ft thick may be continuous throughout the southwestern part of the Albany area and, where present, causes confinement of the Upper Floridan aquifer and creates perched ground water after periods of heavy rainfall. The Upper Floridan aquifer is confined below by the Lisbon Formation, a mostly dolomitic limestone that contains trace amounts of glauconite. The Lisbon Formation is at least 50 ft thick in the study area and acts as an impermeable base to the Upper Floridan aquifer. The quality of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is suitable for most uses; wells generally yield water of the hard, calcium-bicarbonate type that meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Primary or Secondary Drinking-Water Regulations. The water-resource potential of the Upper Floridan aquifer was evaluated by compiling results of drilling and aquifer testing in the study area, and by conducting computer simulations of the ground-water flow system under the seasonally low conditions of November 1985, and under conditions of pumping within a 12-mi 2 area located southwest of Albany. Results of test drilling, aquifer testing, and water-quality analyses indicate that, in the area southwest of Albany, geohydrologic conditions in the Upper Floridan aquifer, undifferentiated overburden, and Lisbon Formation were favorable for the aquifer to provide a large quantity of water without having adverse effects on the groundwater system. The confinement of the Upper Floridan aquifer by the undifferentiated overburden and the rural setting of the area of potential development decrease the likelihood that chemical constituents will enter the aquifer during development of the ground-water resources. Computer simulations of ground-water flow in the Upper Floridan aquifer, incorporating conditions for regional flow across model boundaries, leakage from rivers and other surface-water features, and vertical leakage from the undifferentiated overburden, were conducted by using a finite-element model for ground-water flow in two dimensions. Comparison of computed and measured water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer for November 1985 at 74 locations indicated that computed water levels generally were within 5 ft of the measured values, which is the accuracy to which measured water levels were known. Water-level altitudes ranged from about 260 ft to 130 ft above sea level in the study area during calibration. Aquifer discharge to the Flint River downstream from the Lake Worth dam was computed by the calibrated model to be about 1 billion gallons per day; about 300 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) greater than was measured for similar lowflow conditions. T</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2391","usgsCitation":"Torak, L., Davis, G.S., Strain, G., and Herndon, J., 1993, Geohydrology and evaluation of water-resource potential of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the Albany area, southwestern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2391, Report: vi, 59 p.; 2 Plates: 29.36 x 21.71 inches and 29.36 x 21.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2391.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 59 p.; 2 Plates: 29.36 x 21.71 inches and 29.36 x 21.77 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2391/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":246951,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2391/plate-1.pdf","size":"4040","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246952,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2391/plate-2.pdf","size":"3208","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24693,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2391/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.7430419921875,\n              31.205754165294366\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74603271484375,\n              31.205754165294366\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74603271484375,\n              31.99643007718664\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7430419921875,\n              31.99643007718664\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.7430419921875,\n              31.205754165294366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, L.J.","contributorId":87533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G. S.","contributorId":28995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, G.A.","contributorId":102502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herndon, J.G.","contributorId":9667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1802,"text":"wsp2388 - 1993 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19235,"text":"ofr91250 - 1991 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","indexId":"ofr91250","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1802,"text":"wsp2388 - 1993 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","indexId":"wsp2388","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:51:13.027932","indexId":"wsp2388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2388","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study by the U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mined Land Reclamation, and the Powell River Project, to describe the hydraulic characteristics of major water-bearing zones in the coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia and to develop a conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system. Aquifer testing in1987 and 1988 of 9-ft intervals in coal-exploration coreholes indicates that transmissivity decreases with increasing depth. Most rock types are permeable to a depth of approximately 100 ft; however, only coal seams are consistently permeable (transmissivity greater than 0.001 ft/d) at depths greater than 200 ft . Constant-head injection testing of rock intervals adjacent to coal seams usually indicated lower values of transmissivity than those values obtained when coal seams were isolated within the test interval; thus, large values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity at depth are associated with coal seams.</p><p>Potentiometric-head measurements indicate that high topographic areas (ridges) function as recharge areas; water infiltrates through the surface, percolates into regolith, and flows downward and laterally through fractures in the shallow bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing depth, and ground water flows primarily in the lateral direction along fractures or bedding planes or through coal seams. If vertical hydraulic conductivity is negligible, ground water continues to flow laterally, discharging as springs or seeps on hill slopes. Where vertical hydraulic conductivity is appreciable, groundwater follows a stair step path through the regolith, fractures, bedding planes, and coal seams, discharging to streams and (or) recharging coal seams at depth.</p><p>Permeable coal seams probably underlie valleys in the region; however, aquifer-test data indicate that the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of coal is a function of depth and probably decreases under ridges because of increased overburden pressures. Ground water beneath valleys that does not discharge to streams probably flows down gradient as underflow beneath the streams. Topographic relief in the area provides large hydraulic-head differences (greater than 300 ft in some instances) for the ground-water-flow system. Transmissivity data from the range of depths tested during this study indicate that most ground-water flow takes place at moderate depths (less than 300 ft) and that little deep regional ground-water flow occurs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2388","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mined Land Reclamation, and the Powell River Project","usgsCitation":"Harlow, G., and LeCain, G.D., 1993, Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2388, Report: vi, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.32 x 19.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2388.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.32 x 19.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/pdf/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/pdf/wsp_2388.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":15,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5789794921875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5789794921875,\n              37.58376576718623\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              37.58376576718623\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, Gary D.","contributorId":52207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1208,"text":"wsp2393 - 1993 - Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18573,"text":"ofr88335 - 1991 - Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","indexId":"ofr88335","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1208,"text":"wsp2393 - 1993 - Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","indexId":"wsp2393","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:46:38.664209","indexId":"wsp2393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2393","title":"Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Indianapolis has constructed state-of-the-art advanced municipal wastewater-treatment systems to enlarge and upgrade the existing secondary-treatment processes at its Belmont and Southport treatment plants. These new advanced-wastewater-treatment plants became operational in 1983. A nonparametric statistical procedure--a modified form of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test--was used to test for trends in time-series water-quality data from four sites on the White River and from the Belmont and Southport wastewater-treatment plants. Time-series data representative of pre-advanced- (1978-1980) and post-advanced- (1983--86) wastewater-treatment conditions were tested for trends, and the results indicate substantial changes in water quality of treated effluent and of the White River downstream from Indianapolis after implementation of advanced wastewater treatment. Water quality from 1981 through 1982 was highly variable due to plant construction. Therefore, this time period was excluded from the analysis. Water quality at sample sites located upstream from the wastewater-treatment plants was relatively constant during the period of study (1978-86). Analysis of data from the two plants and downstream from the plants indicates statistically significant decreasing trends in effluent concentrations of total ammonia, 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand, fecal-coliform bacteria, total phosphate, and total solids at all sites where sufficient data were available for testing. Because of in-plant nitrification, increases in nitrate concentration were statistically significant in the two plants and in the White River. The decrease in ammonia concentrations and 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand in the White River resulted in a statistically significant increasing trend in dissolved-oxygen concentration in the river because of reduced oxygen demand for nitrification and biochemical oxidation processes. Following implementation of advanced wastewater treatment, the number of river-quality samples that failed to meet the water-quality standards for ammonia and dissolved oxygen that apply to the White River decreased substantially.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2393","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., and Wangsness, D.J., 1993, Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2393, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2393.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2393/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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