{"pageNumber":"1686","pageRowStart":"42125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":70032630,"text":"70032630 - 2012 - Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T10:22:30","indexId":"70032630","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests","docAbstract":"The timing of spring leaf development, trajectories of summer leaf area, and the timing of autumn senescence have profound impacts to the water, carbon, and energy balance of ecosystems, and are likely influenced by global climate change. Limited field-based and remote-sensing observations have suggested complex spatial patterns related to geographic features that influence climate. However, much of this variability occurs at spatial scales that inhibit a detailed understanding of even the dominant drivers. Recognizing these limitations, we used nonlinear inverse modeling of medium-resolution remote sensing data, organized by day of year, to explore the influence of climate-related landscape factors on the timing of spring and autumn leaf-area trajectories in mid-Atlantic, USA forests. We also examined the extent to which declining summer greenness (greendown) degrades the precision and accuracy of observations of autumn offset of greenness. Of the dominant drivers of landscape phenology, elevation was the strongest, explaining up to 70% of the spatial variation in the onset of greenness. Urban land cover was second in importance, influencing spring onset and autumn offset to a distance of 32 km from large cities. Distance to tidal water also influenced phenological timing, but only within ~5 km of shorelines. Additionally, we observed that (i) growing season length unexpectedly increases with increasing elevation at elevations below 275 m; (ii) along gradients in urban land cover, timing of autumn offset has a stronger effect on growing season length than does timing of spring onset; and (iii) summer greendown introduces bias and uncertainty into observations of the autumn offset of greenness. These results demonstrate the power of medium grain analyses of landscape-scale phenology for understanding environmental controls on growing season length, and predicting how these might be affected by climate change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Elmore, A., Guinn, S., Minsley, B., and Richardson, A., 2012, Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid-Atlantic forests: Global Change Biology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 656-674, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"674","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02521.x"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4408e4b0c8380cd667c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elmore, A.J.","contributorId":103095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guinn, S.M.","contributorId":35552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinn","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, B. J.","contributorId":52107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"B. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richardson, A.D.","contributorId":10629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032661,"text":"70032661 - 2012 - Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-21T16:54:18","indexId":"70032661","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"There is growing evidence that changes in deep-sea benthic ecosystems are modulated by climate changes, but most evidence to date comes from the North Atlantic Ocean. Here we analyze new ostracod and published foraminiferal records for the last 250,000 years on Shatsky Rise in the North Pacific Ocean. Using linear models, we evaluate statistically the ability of environmental drivers (temperature, productivity, and seasonality of productivity) to predict changes in faunal diversity, abundance, and composition. These microfossil data show glacial-interglacial shifts in overall abundances and species diversities that are low during glacial intervals and high during interglacials. These patterns replicate those previously documented in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that the climatic forcing of the deep-sea ecosystem is widespread, and possibly global in nature. However, these results also reveal differences with prior studies that probably reflect the isolated nature of Shatsky Rise as a remote oceanic plateau. Ostracod assemblages on Shatsky Rise are highly endemic but of low diversity, consistent with the limited dispersal potential of these animals. Benthic foraminifera, by contrast, have much greater dispersal ability and their assemblages at Shatsky Rise show diversities typical for deep-sea faunas in other regions. Statistical analyses also reveal ostracod-foraminferal differences in relationships between environmental drivers and biotic change. Rarefied diversity is best explained as a hump-shaped function of surface productivity in ostracods, but as having a weak and positive relationship with temperature in foraminifera. Abundance shows a positive relationship with both productivity and seasonality of productivity in foraminifera, and a hump-shaped relationship with productivity in ostracods. Finally, species composition in ostracods is influenced by both temperature and productivity, but only a temperature effect is evident in foraminifera. Though complex in detail, the global-scale link between deep-sea ecosystems and Quaternary climate changes underscores the importance of the interaction between the physical and biological components of paleoceanographical research for better understanding the history of the biosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Paleontological Society","publisherLocation":"http://www.paleosoc.org/","doi":"10.1666/10068.1","issn":"00948373","usgsCitation":"Yasuhara, M., Hunt, G., Cronin, T.M., Hokanishi, N., Kawahata, H., Tsujimoto, A., and Ishitake, M., 2012, Climatic forcing of Quaternary deep-sea benthic communities in the North Pacific Ocean: Paleobiology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 162-179, https://doi.org/10.1666/10068.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":213894,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10068.1"},{"id":241562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 128.7,-85.6 ], [ 128.7,58.2 ], [ -66.5,58.2 ], [ -66.5,-85.6 ], [ 128.7,-85.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f666e4b0c8380cd4c737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yasuhara, Moriaki","contributorId":37935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasuhara","given":"Moriaki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, G.","contributorId":97699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":437333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hokanishi, N.","contributorId":34331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hokanishi","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kawahata, H.","contributorId":90549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawahata","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tsujimoto, Akira","contributorId":58448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsujimoto","given":"Akira","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ishitake, M.","contributorId":47988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishitake","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70032688,"text":"70032688 - 2012 - Empirical methods for detecting regional trends and other spatial expressions in antrim shale gas productivity, with implications for improving resource projections using local nonparametric estimation techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T17:35:13.36174","indexId":"70032688","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical methods for detecting regional trends and other spatial expressions in antrim shale gas productivity, with implications for improving resource projections using local nonparametric estimation techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>The primary objectives of this research were to (1) investigate empirical methods for establishing regional trends in unconventional gas resources as exhibited by historical production data and (2) determine whether or not incorporating additional knowledge of a regional trend in a suite of previously established local nonparametric resource prediction algorithms influences assessment results. Three different trend detection methods were applied to publicly available production data (well EUR aggregated to 80-acre cells) from the Devonian Antrim Shale gas play in the Michigan Basin. This effort led to the identification of a southeast–northwest trend in cell EUR values across the play that, in a very general sense, conforms to the primary fracture and structural orientations of the province. However, including this trend in the resource prediction algorithms did not lead to improved results. Further analysis indicated the existence of clustering among cell EUR values that likely dampens the contribution of the regional trend. The reason for the clustering, a somewhat unexpected result, is not completely understood, although the geological literature provides some possible explanations. With appropriate data, a better understanding of this clustering phenomenon may lead to important information about the factors and their interactions that control Antrim Shale gas production, which may, in turn, help establish a more general protocol for better estimating resources in this and other shale gas plays.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-011-9165-x","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Coburn, T.C., Freeman, P., and Attanasi, E.D., 2012, Empirical methods for detecting regional trends and other spatial expressions in antrim shale gas productivity, with implications for improving resource projections using local nonparametric estimation techniques: Natural Resources Research, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-011-9165-x.","productDescription":"21","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources 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,{"id":70032373,"text":"70032373 - 2012 - A plant distribution shift: temperature, drought or past disturbance?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T11:29:40","indexId":"70032373","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A plant distribution shift: temperature, drought or past disturbance?","docAbstract":"Simple models of plant response to warming climates predict vegetation moving to cooler and/or wetter locations: in mountainous regions shifting upslope. However, species-specific responses to climate change are likely to be much more complex. We re-examined a recently reported vegetation shift in the Santa Rosa Mountains, California, to better understand the mechanisms behind the reported shift of a plant distribution upslope. We focused on five elevational zones near the center of the gradient that captured many of the reported shifts and which are dominated by fire-prone chaparral. Using growth rings, we determined that a major assumption of the previous work was wrong: past fire histories differed among elevations. To examine the potential effect that this difference might have on the reported upward shift, we focused on one species, <i>Ceanothus greggii</i>: a shrub that only recruits post-fire from a soil stored seedbank. For five elevations used in the prior study, we calculated time series of past per-capita mortality rates by counting growth rings on live and dead individuals. We tested three alternative hypotheses explaining the past patterns of mortality: 1) mortality increased over time consistent with climate warming, 2) mortality was correlated with drought indices, and 3) mortality peaked 40–50 years post fire at each site, consistent with self-thinning. We found that the sites were different ages since the last fire, and that the reported increase in the mean elevation of <i>C. greggii</i> was due to higher recent mortality at the lower elevations, which were younger sites. The time-series pattern of mortality was best explained by the self-thinning hypothesis and poorly explained by gradual warming or drought. At least for this species, the reported distribution shift appears to be an artifact of disturbance history and is not evidence of a climate warming effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031173","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Schwilk, D.W., and Keeley, J.E., 2012, A plant distribution shift: temperature, drought or past disturbance?: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 2, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031173.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474788,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031173"},{"id":241748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.355844,33.356894 ], [ -116.355844,33.505883 ], [ -116.099726,33.505883 ], [ -116.099726,33.356894 ], [ -116.355844,33.356894 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4dce4b0c8380cd469a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwilk, Dylan W.","contributorId":103883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032374,"text":"70032374 - 2012 - The influence of upper-crust lithology on topographic development in the central Coast Ranges of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T17:51:40.99557","indexId":"70032374","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of upper-crust lithology on topographic development in the central Coast Ranges of California","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">A fundamental geological tenet is that as landscapes evolve over graded to geologic time, geologic structures control patterns of topographic distribution in mountainous areas such that terrain underlain by competent rock will be higher than terrain underlain by incompetent rock. This paper shows that in active orogens where markedly weak and markedly strong rocks are juxtaposed along contacts that parallel regional structures, relatively high topography can form where strain is localized in the weak rock. Such a relationship is illustrated by the topography of the central Coast Ranges between the Pacific coastline and the San Andreas fault zone (SAFZ), and along the length of the Gabilan Mesa (the “Gabilan Mesa segment” of the central Coast Ranges). Within the Gabilan Mesa segment, the granitic upper crust of the Salinian terrane is in contact with the accretionary-prism mélange upper crust of the Nacimiento terrane along the inactive Nacimiento fault zone. A prominent topographic lineament is present along most of this lithologic boundary, approximately 50 to 65&nbsp;km southwest of the SAFZ, with the higher topography formed in the mélange on the southwest side of the Nacimiento fault.</p><p id=\"sp0010\">This paper investigates factors influencing the pattern of topographic development in the Gabilan Mesa segment of the central Coast Ranges by correlating shortening magnitude with the upper-crust compositions of the Salinian and Nacimiento terranes. The fluvial geomorphology of two valleys in the Gabilan Mesa, which is within the Salinian terrane, and alluvial geochronology based on optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimates, reveal that the magnitude of shortening accommodated by down-to-the-southwest tilting of the mesa since 400&nbsp;ka is less than 1 to 2&nbsp;m. Our results, combined with those of previous studies, indicate that at least 63% to 78% of late-Cenozoic, northeast–southwest directed, upper-crustal shortening across the Gabilan Mesa segment has been accommodated within the Nacimiento terrane. This is significant because perpendicular to orogenic strike the Nacimiento terrane constitutes less than ¼ of the distance between the coast and the SAFZ, and the other ¾ (or greater) of the distance between the coast and the SAFZ is underlain by the granitic upper crust of the Salinian terrane. We propose that strain and mountain building are localized within the Nacimiento terrane because it consists predominantly of the relatively weak Franciscan Complex mélange, and because the upper crust of the Salinian terrane is composed of relatively strong granitic rocks. Our hypothesis is supported by the distribution of post-seismic surface uplift associated with the 2003, 6.5&nbsp;<i>M</i><sub><i>W</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>San Simeon earthquake, which mimics the topography of the southwestern part of the Gabilan Mesa segment of the central Coast Ranges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.09.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Garcia, A., and Mahan, S., 2012, The influence of upper-crust lithology on topographic development in the central Coast Ranges of California: Geomorphology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 243-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.09.009.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.09.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.7120361328125,\n              35.12889434101051\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9652099609375,\n              35.12889434101051\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9652099609375,\n              36.09349937380574\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7120361328125,\n              36.09349937380574\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7120361328125,\n              35.12889434101051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad3ee4b08c986b323aa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, A.F.","contributorId":73022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":1215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045351,"text":"70045351 - 2012 - Multi-gauge Calibration for modeling the Semi-Arid Santa Cruz Watershed in Arizona-Mexico Border Area Using SWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T14:33:36","indexId":"70045351","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":686,"text":"Air, Soil and Water Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-gauge Calibration for modeling the Semi-Arid Santa Cruz Watershed in Arizona-Mexico Border Area Using SWAT","docAbstract":"In most watershed-modeling studies, flow is calibrated at one monitoring site, usually at the watershed outlet. Like many arid and semi-arid watersheds, the main reach of the Santa Cruz watershed, located on the Arizona-Mexico border, is discontinuous for most of the year except during large flood events, and therefore the flow characteristics at the outlet do not represent the entire watershed. Calibration is required at multiple locations along the Santa Cruz River to improve model reliability. The objective of this study was to best portray surface water flow in this semiarid watershed and evaluate the effect of multi-gage calibration on flow predictions. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated at seven monitoring stations, which improved model performance and increased the reliability of flow, in the Santa Cruz watershed. The most sensitive parameters to affect flow were found to be curve number (CN2), soil evaporation and compensation coefficient (ESCO), threshold water depth in shallow aquifer for return flow to occur (GWQMN), base flow alpha factor (Alpha_Bf), and effective hydraulic conductivity of the soil layer (Ch_K2). In comparison, when the model was established with a single calibration at the watershed outlet, flow predictions at other monitoring gages were inaccurate. This study emphasizes the importance of multi-gage calibration to develop a reliable watershed model in arid and semiarid environments. The developed model, with further calibration of water quality parameters will be an integral part of the Santa Cruz Watershed Ecosystem Portfolio Model (SCWEPM), an online decision support tool, to assess the impacts of climate change and urban growth in the Santa Cruz watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Air, Soil and Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Libertas Academica Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Auckland, New Zealand","doi":"10.4137/ASWR.S9410","usgsCitation":"Niraula, R., Norman, L.A., Meixner, T., and Callegary, J.B., 2012, Multi-gauge Calibration for modeling the Semi-Arid Santa Cruz Watershed in Arizona-Mexico Border Area Using SWAT: Air, Soil and Water Research, v. 2012, no. 5, p. 41-57, https://doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S9410.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-033521","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s9410","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271378,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ASWR.S9410"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.213226,31.210452 ], [ -111.213226,32.345162 ], [ -110.67627,32.345162 ], [ -110.67627,31.210452 ], [ -111.213226,31.210452 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2012","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765bebe4b0f989f99e0107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura A.","contributorId":108003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Callegary, James B. 0000-0003-3604-0517 jcallega@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-0517","contributorId":2171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"James","email":"jcallega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046658,"text":"70046658 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for April 28, 2006: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T13:27:22","indexId":"70046658","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for April 28, 2006: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","docAbstract":"This image is a mosaic of Landsat-7 images of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Service","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046658","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for April 28, 2006: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046658.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273938,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/l71045030_03120060428_klamath_nad83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816ee4b0dd0e00d92221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046659,"text":"70046659 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for May 30, 2006: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T14:24:04","indexId":"70046659","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for May 30, 2006: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","docAbstract":"This image is a mosaic of Landsat-7 images of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046659","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for May 30, 2006: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046659.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273940,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/l71045030_03120060530_klamath_nad83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c1816fe4b0dd0e00d92231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70043061,"text":"70043061 - 2012 - Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T14:18:52","indexId":"70043061","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2259,"text":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States","docAbstract":"Pyrethroid insecticides are hydrophobic compounds that partition to streambed sediments and have been shown to cause toxicity to non-target organisms; their occurrence is well documented in parts of California, but there have been limited studies in other urban and agricultural areas across the United States. To broaden geographic understanding of pyrethroid distributions, bed sediment samples were collected and analyzed from 36 streams in 25 states, with about 2/3 of the sites in urban areas and 1/3 in agricultural areas. At least one pyrethroid (of the 14 included in the analysis) was detected in 78% of samples. Seven pyrethroids were detected in one or more samples. Bifenthrin was the most frequently detected (58% of samples), followed by permethrin (31%), resmethrin (17%), and cyfluthrin (14%). The other three detected pyrethroids (cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and delta/tralomethrin) were found in two or fewer of the samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 180 ng g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight. The number of pyrethroids detected were higher in the urban samples than in the agricultural samples, but the highest concentrations of individual pyrethroids were split between urban and agricultural sites. The pyrethroids detected in the agricultural areas generally followed use patterns. Predicted toxicity was greater for urban areas and attributed to bifenthrin, cyfluthrin and cypermethrin, while in agricultural areas the toxicity was mainly attributed to bifenthrin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"RSC Publishing","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1039/C2EM10946H","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., and Kuivila, K., 2012, Pyrethroid insecticides in bed sediments from urban and agricultural streams across the United States: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 14, no. 7, p. 1838-1845, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2EM10946H.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1838","endPage":"1845","numberOfPages":"8","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030124","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270661,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2EM10946H"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6ece4b0b7010f820187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043977,"text":"70043977 - 2012 - Benefits and risks of adopting the global code of practice for recreational fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T14:02:19","indexId":"70043977","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benefits and risks of adopting the global code of practice for recreational fisheries","docAbstract":"Recreational fishing constitutes the dominant or sole use of many fish stocks, particularly in freshwater ecosystems in Western industrialized countries. However, despite their social and economic importance, recreational fisheries are generally guided by local or regional norms and standards, with few comprehensive policy and development frameworks existing across jurisdictions. We argue that adoption of a recently developed Global Code of Practice (CoP) for Recreational Fisheries can provide benefits for moving recreational fisheries toward sustainability on a global scale. The CoP is a voluntary document, specifically framed toward recreational fisheries practices and issues, thereby complementing and extending the United Nation's Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries by the Food and Agricultural Organization. The CoP for Recreational Fisheries describes the minimum standards of environmentally friendly, ethically appropriate, and—depending on local situations—socially acceptable recreational fishing and its management. Although many, if not all, of the provisions presented in the CoP are already addressed through national fisheries legislation and state-based fisheries management regulations in North America, adopting a common framework for best practices in recreational fisheries across multiple jurisdictions would further promote their long-term viability in the face of interjurisdictional angler movements and some expanding threats to the activity related to shifting sociopolitical norms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/03632415.2012.666473","usgsCitation":"Arlinghaus, R., Beard, T., Cooke, S., and Cowx, I.G., 2012, Benefits and risks of adopting the global code of practice for recreational fisheries: Fisheries, v. 37, no. 4, p. 165-172, https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.666473.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-032242","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/423808","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270951,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2012.666473"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d2167e4b0411d430a89e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arlinghaus, Robert","contributorId":32425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arlinghaus","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17980,"text":"Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, T. Douglas Jr.","contributorId":77444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T. Douglas","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, Steven J.","contributorId":56132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[{"id":36574,"text":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowx, Ian G.","contributorId":37228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowx","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70043978,"text":"70043978 - 2012 - Recent thermal history influences thermal tolerance in freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T13:00:21","indexId":"70043978","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent thermal history influences thermal tolerance in freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida)","docAbstract":"Understanding species’ temperature tolerances in the context of concurrent environmental stressors is critical because thermal regimes of freshwater ecosystems are changing. We evaluated the critical thermal maximum (CTM) of 3 freshwater mussel species (Alasmidonta varicosa, Elliptio complanata, and Strophitus undulatus) acclimated to 2 temperatures (15 and 25&deg;C) and exposed to 2 aeration treatments (aerated vs unaerated) during CTM testing. Responses varied by species, but mussels acclimated to 25&deg;C generally had a higher CTM than mussels acclimated to 15&deg;C. For E. complanata, the effects of acclimation temperature and aeration were interactive, such that CTM was highest at 15&deg;C but only under aerated conditions. Our results indicate that recent thermal history affects thermal tolerance, combinations of environmental stressors may influence thermal tolerance, and such responses vary among species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/11-025.1","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H.S., 2012, Recent thermal history influences thermal tolerance in freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida): Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 1, p. 83-92, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-025.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"10","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-028731","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270449,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-025.1"},{"id":270455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf9e4b075500ee5ca8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70044174,"text":"70044174 - 2012 - Magnetostratigraphy susceptibility for the Guadalupian Series GSSPs (Middle Permian) in Guadalupe Mountains National Park and adjacent areas in West Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-22T10:44:52","indexId":"70044174","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1791,"text":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnetostratigraphy susceptibility for the Guadalupian Series GSSPs (Middle Permian) in Guadalupe Mountains National Park and adjacent areas in West Texas","docAbstract":"Here we establish a magnetostratigraphy susceptibility zonation for the three Middle Permian Global boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) that have recently been defined, located in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, West Texas, USA. These GSSPs, all within the Middle Permian Guadalupian Series, define (1) the base of the Roadian Stage (base of the Guadalupian Series), (2) the base of the Wordian Stage and (3) the base of the Capitanian Stage. Data from two additional stratigraphic successions in the region, equivalent in age to the Kungurian–Roadian and Wordian–Capitanian boundary intervals, are also reported. Based on low-field, mass specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements of 706 closely spaced samples from these stratigraphic sections and time-series analysis of one of these sections, we (1) define the magnetostratigraphy susceptibility zonation for the three Guadalupian Series Global boundary Stratotype Sections and Points; (2) demonstrate that χ datasets provide a proxy for climate cyclicity; (3) give quantitative estimates of the time it took for some of these sediments to accumulate; (4) give the rates at which sediments were accumulated; (5) allow more precise correlation to equivalent sections in the region; (6) identify anomalous stratigraphic horizons; and (7) give estimates for timing and duration of geological events within sections.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1144/SP373.1","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., Ellwood, B.B., Lambert, L.L., Tomkin, J.H., Bell, G.L., and Nestell, G.P., 2012, Magnetostratigraphy susceptibility for the Guadalupian Series GSSPs (Middle Permian) in Guadalupe Mountains National Park and adjacent areas in West Texas: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 373, p. 21-21, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP373.1.","startPage":"21","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"1","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034315","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271339,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271338,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP373.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"373","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51765beae4b0f989f99e00fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellwood, Brooks B.","contributorId":44814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellwood","given":"Brooks","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Lance L.","contributorId":9550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tomkin, Jonathan H.","contributorId":85860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomkin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bell, Gordon L.","contributorId":69639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nestell, Galina P.","contributorId":22651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nestell","given":"Galina","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12734,"text":"University of Texas at Arlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045211,"text":"70045211 - 2012 - Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T11:54:22","indexId":"70045211","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2303,"text":"Journal of Geodesy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010","docAbstract":"The first North American Comparison of absolute gravimeters (NACAG-2010) was hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at its newly renovated Table Mountain Geophysical Observatory (TMGO) north of Boulder, Colorado, in October 2010. NACAG-2010 and the renovation of TMGO are part of NGS’s GRAV-D project (Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum). Nine absolute gravimeters from three countries participated in the comparison. Before the comparison, the gravimeter operators agreed to a protocol describing the strategy to measure, calculate, and present the results. Nine sites were used to measure the free-fall acceleration of g. Each gravimeter measured the value of g at a subset of three of the sites, for a total set of 27 g-values for the comparison. The absolute gravimeters agree with one another with a standard deviation of 1.6 µGal (1 Gal = 1 cm s-2). The minimum and maximum offsets are -2.8 and 2.7 µGal. This is an excellent agreement and can be attributed to multiple factors, including gravimeters that were in good working order, good operators, a quiet observatory, and a short duration time for the experiment. These results can be used to standardize gravity surveys internationally.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodesy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y","usgsCitation":"Schmerge, D., Francis, O., Henton, J., Ingles, D., Jones, D., Kennedy, J.R., Krauterbluth, K., Liard, J., Newell, D., Sands, R., Schiel, J., Silliker, J., and van Westrum, D., 2012, Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010: Journal of Geodesy, v. 86, no. 8, p. 591-596, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"596","numberOfPages":"6","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034910","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271960,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y"}],"volume":"86","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2279e4b061e1bd5334a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmerge, David","contributorId":78228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmerge","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francis, Olvier","contributorId":93367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"Olvier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henton, J.","contributorId":85072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingles, D.","contributorId":64140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, D.","contributorId":16578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krauterbluth, K.","contributorId":67791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauterbluth","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liard, J.","contributorId":14676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Newell, D.","contributorId":14281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sands, R.","contributorId":62909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sands","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schiel, J.","contributorId":74276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Silliker, J.","contributorId":105625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliker","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"van Westrum, D.","contributorId":77030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Westrum","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70044190,"text":"70044190 - 2012 - On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:28:17","indexId":"70044190","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification","docAbstract":"The mid-Pliocene (~ 3 to 3.3 Ma ago), is a period of sustained global warmth in comparison to the late Quaternary (0 to ~ 1 Ma ago), and has potential to inform predictions of long-term future climate change. However, given that several processes potentially contributed, relatively little is understood about the reasons for the observed warmth, or the associated polar amplification. Here, using a modelling approach and a novel factorisation method, we assess the relative contributions to mid-Pliocene warmth from: elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, lowered orography, and vegetation and ice sheet changes. The results show that on a global scale, the largest contributor to mid-Pliocene warmth is elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. However, in terms of polar amplification, changes to ice sheets contribute significantly in the Southern Hemisphere, and orographic changes contribute significantly in the Northern Hemisphere. We also carry out an energy balance analysis which indicates that that on a global scale, surface albedo and atmospheric emmissivity changes dominate over cloud changes. We investigate the sensitivity of our results to uncertainties in the prescribed CO<sub>2</sub> and orographic changes, to derive uncertainty ranges for the various contributing processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042","usgsCitation":"Lunt, D.J., Haywood, A.M., Schmidt, G.A., Salzmann, U., Valdes, P.J., Dowsett, H.J., and Loptson, C.A., 2012, On the causes of mid-Pliocene warmth and polar amplification: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 321-322, p. 128-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033085","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140001040","text":"External Repository"},{"id":271610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271609,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.042"}],"volume":"321-322","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517f966ce4b0e41721f7a37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lunt, Daniel J.","contributorId":101168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunt","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haywood, Alan M.","contributorId":86663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Gavin A.","contributorId":56131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salzmann, Ulrich","contributorId":173101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzmann","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18103,"text":"Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":660589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valdes, Paul J.","contributorId":6354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Loptson, Claire A.","contributorId":6743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loptson","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70045186,"text":"70045186 - 2012 - Solar thematic maps for space weather operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T16:20:19","indexId":"70045186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3456,"text":"Space Weather","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solar thematic maps for space weather operations","docAbstract":"Thematic maps are arrays of labels, or \"themes\", associated with discrete locations in space and time. Borrowing heavily from the terrestrial remote sensing discipline, a numerical technique based on Bayes' theorem captures operational expertise in the form of trained theme statistics, then uses this to automatically assign labels to solar image pixels. Ultimately, regular thematic maps of the solar corona will be generated from high-cadence, high-resolution SUVI images, the solar ultraviolet imager slated to fly on NOAA's next-generation GOES-R series of satellites starting ~2016. These thematic maps will not only provide quicker, more consistent synoptic views of the sun for space weather forecasters, but digital thematic pixel masks (e.g., coronal hole, active region, flare, etc.), necessary for a new generation of operational solar data products, will be generated. This paper presents the mathematical underpinnings of our thematic mapper, as well as some practical algorithmic considerations. Then, using images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Advanced Imaging Array (AIA) as test data, it presents results from validation experiments designed to ascertain the robustness of the technique with respect to differing expert opinions and changing solar conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Weather","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012SW000780","usgsCitation":"Rigler, E.J., Hill, S.M., Reinard, A.A., and Steenburgh, R.A., 2012, Solar thematic maps for space weather operations: Space Weather, v. 10, S08009, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012SW000780.","productDescription":"S08009, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-039253","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012sw000780","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273869,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012SW000780"}],"country":"United States","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff6e4b0ee1529ed3d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigler, E. Joshua","contributorId":64533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Steven M.","contributorId":24263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reinard, Alysha A.","contributorId":69873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinard","given":"Alysha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steenburgh, Robert A.","contributorId":7165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenburgh","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042829,"text":"70042829 - 2012 - MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-25T15:23:34","indexId":"70042829","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005","docAbstract":"The first versions of the widely used groundwater flow model MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh 1988) had a sure but inflexible way of handling unconfined finite-difference aquifer cells where the water table dropped below the bottom of the cell—these \"dry cells\" were turned inactive for the remainder of the simulation. Problems with this formulation were easily seen, including the potential for inadvertent loss of simulated recharge in the model (Doherty 2001; Painter et al. 2008), and rippling of dry cells through the solution that unacceptably changed the groundwater flow system (Juckem et al. 2006). Moreover, solving problems of the natural world often required the ability to reactivate dry cells when the water table rose above the cell bottom. This seemingly simple desire resulted in a two-decade attempt to include the simulation flexibility while avoiding numerical instability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Publishing Ltd","publisherLocation":"Columbia, MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R., and Feinstein, D.T., 2012, MODFLOW-NWT – Robust handling of dry cells using a Newton Formulation of MODFLOW-2005: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 5, p. 659-663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"5","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037826","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268261,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00976.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9613e4b0855fde6697ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randal J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":52861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randal J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, Daniel T. 0000-0003-1151-2530 dtfeinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-2530","contributorId":1907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dtfeinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045514,"text":"70045514 - 2012 - The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T14:34:14","indexId":"70045514","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing","docAbstract":"Recent large and frequent fires above the Alaskan arctic circle have forced a reassessment of the ecological and climatological importance of fire in arctic tundra ecosystems. Here we provide a general overview of the occurrence, distribution, and ecological and climate implications of Alaskan tundra fires over the past half-century using spatially explicit climate, fire, vegetation and remote sensing datasets for Alaska. Our analyses highlight the importance of vegetation biomass and environmental conditions in regulating tundra burning, and demonstrate that most tundra ecosystems are susceptible to burn, providing the environmental conditions are right. Over the past two decades, fire perimeters above the arctic circle have increased in size and importance, especially on the North Slope, indicating that future wildfire projections should account for fire regime changes in these regions. Remote sensing data and a literature review of thaw depths indicate that tundra fires have both positive and negative implications for climatic feedbacks including a decadal increase in albedo radiative forcing immediately after a fire, a stimulation of surface greenness and a persistent long-term (>10 year) increase in thaw depth. In order to address the future impact of tundra fires on climate, a better understanding of the control of tundra fire occurrence as well as the long-term impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling will be required.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039","usgsCitation":"Rocha, A.V., Loranty, M.M., Higuera, P., Mack, M., Hu, F., Jones, B.M., Breen, A.L., Rastetter, E.B., Goetz, S., and Shaver, G.R., 2012, The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing: Environmental Research Letters, v. 7, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039.","productDescription":"7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-042586","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273255,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c70e4b08a3322c2c355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocha, Adrian V.","contributorId":25433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocha","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loranty, Michael M.","contributorId":10315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loranty","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higuera, Phil E.","contributorId":16736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higuera","given":"Phil E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mack, Michelle C.","contributorId":62114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Michelle C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hu, Feng Sheng","contributorId":14280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Feng Sheng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Breen, Amy L.","contributorId":81396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breen","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rastetter, Edward B.","contributorId":9227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastetter","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goetz, Scott J.","contributorId":22232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Scott J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shaver, Gus R.","contributorId":64139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaver","given":"Gus","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70045071,"text":"70045071 - 2012 - New \"Risk-Targeted\" Seismic Maps Introduced into Building Codes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-30T15:07:30","indexId":"70045071","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"New \"Risk-Targeted\" Seismic Maps Introduced into Building Codes","docAbstract":"Throughout most municipalities of the United States, structural engineers design new buildings using the U.S.-focused International Building Code (IBC). Updated editions of the IBC are published every 3 years. The latest edition (2012) contains new \"risk-targeted maximum considered earthquake\" (MCER) ground motion maps, which are enabling engineers to incorporate a more consistent and better defined level of seismic safety into their building designs.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismic Waves","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with FEMA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Luco, N., Garrett, B., and Hayes, J., 2012, New \"Risk-Targeted\" Seismic Maps Introduced into Building Codes, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038913","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271681,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nehrp.gov/pdf/SeismicWavesJun12.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180e7e8e4b0df838b924d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luco, Nicholas 0000-0002-5763-9847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":9895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, B.","contributorId":12352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, J.","contributorId":46390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046285,"text":"70046285 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 11, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T16:30:25","indexId":"70046285","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 11, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31","docAbstract":"This image is a mosaic of Landsat-7 images of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046285","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 11, 2004: Path 45 Rows 30 and 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046285.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273283,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_07112004_p45r30_l7_kl_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c73e4b08a3322c2c394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046283,"text":"70046283 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 10, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T14:01:10","indexId":"70046283","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 10, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","docAbstract":"This subset of a Landsat-7 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046283","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 10, 2006: Path 44 Row 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046283.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273280,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_07102006_p44r31_l7_usgs_1_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c73e4b08a3322c2c390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046282,"text":"70046282 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 2, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T15:53:36","indexId":"70046282","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 2, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","docAbstract":"This subset of a Landsat-5 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-5 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-5 on March 1, 1984 marks the addition of the fifth satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-5 satellite carries the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046282","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for July 2, 2006: Path 44 Row 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046282.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273278,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_07022006_p44r31_l5_usgs_1_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c74e4b08a3322c2c398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045342,"text":"70045342 - 2012 - Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-13T11:32:12","indexId":"70045342","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport","docAbstract":"<p>Characteristics of host rocks, secondary minerals, and fluids would affect the transport of radionuclides from a previously proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Minerals in the Yucca Mountain tuffs that are important for retarding radionuclides include clinoptilolite and mordenite (zeolites), clay minerals, and iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides. Water compositions along flow paths beneath Yucca Mountain are controlled by dissolution reactions, silica and calcite precipitation, and ion-exchange reactions. Radionuclide concentrations along flow paths from a repository could be limited by (1) low waste-form dissolution rates, (2) low radionuclide solubility, and (3) radionuclide sorption onto geological media.</p>\n<p>The chief sources of radioactivity in spent nuclear fuel are americium, plutonium, and neptunium. Therefore, studies have concentrated on their geochemical mobility. Uranium-233, uranium-234, iodine-129, technetium-99, and other radionuclides also have been included in some experiments. Solubilities were determined experimentally in representative Yucca Mountain waters. Sorption coefficients were determined using water, rock, and pure mineral samples from Yucca Mountain. Batch experiments were performed at several pH levels and oxidizing conditions. Dynamic transport-column experiments, diffusion experiments, and solid-rock beaker experiments also were conducted. The batch tests gave slightly lower retardation factors than those derived from column-breakthrough experiments. This finding indicates that using batch-sorption coefficients to predict radionuclide transport will yield conservative results in a performance assessment.</p>\n<p>Understanding of unsaturated-zone transport is based on laboratory and field-scale experiments. Fractures provide advective transport pathways. Sorption and matrix diffusion may contribute to retardation of radionuclides. Conversely, sorption onto mobile colloids may enhance radionuclide transport.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2012.1209(06)","usgsCitation":"Simmons, A.M., and Neymark, L.A., 2012, Conditions and processes affecting radionuclide transport: GSA Memoirs, v. 209, p. 277-362, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.1209(06).","productDescription":"86 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025158","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51751748e4b074c2b05564b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmons, Ardyth M.","contributorId":94412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"Ardyth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. lneymark@usgs.gov","contributorId":532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046280,"text":"70046280 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 26, 2004: Path 44 Row 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T15:45:06","indexId":"70046280","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 26, 2004: Path 44 Row 31","docAbstract":"This subset of a Landsat-5 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-5 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-5 on March 1, 1984 marks the addition of the fifth satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-5 satellite carries the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046280","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 26, 2004: Path 44 Row 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046280.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273275,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_06262004_p44r31_l5_usgs_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c74e4b08a3322c2c3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70046279,"text":"70046279 - 2012 - Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 24, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T15:35:24","indexId":"70046279","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 24, 2006: Path 44 Row 31","docAbstract":"This subset of a Landsat-7 image shows part of the upper Klamath Basin. The original images were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS). EROS is responsible for archive management and distribution of Landsat data products. The Landsat-7 satellite is part of an ongoing mission to provide quality remote sensing data in support of research and applications activities. The launch of Landsat-7 on April 15, 1999 marks the addition of the latest satellite to the Landsat series. The Landsat-7 satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor.  A mechanical failure of the ETM+ Scan Line Corrector (SLC) occurred on May 31, 2003, with the result that all Landsat 7 scenes acquired from July 14, 2003 to present have been collected in 'SLC-off' mode. More information on the Landsat program can be found online at http://landsat.usgs.gov/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046279","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D.T., 2012, Upper Klamath Basin Landsat Image for June 24, 2006: Path 44 Row 31, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046279.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273273,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/erosl1t_06242006_p44r31_l7_usgs_1_NAD83.xml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.382600,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,43.492919 ], [ -120.601579,41.991760 ], [ -123.382600,41.991760 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c74e4b08a3322c2c3a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Daniel T. dtsnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Daniel","email":"dtsnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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