Drylands impacted by energy development often require costly reclamation activities to reconstruct damaged soils and vegetation, yet little is known about the effectiveness of reclamation practices in promoting recovery of soil quality due to a lack of long-term and cross-site studies. Here, we examined paired on-pad and adjacent undisturbed off-pad soil properties over a 22-year chronosequence of 91 reclaimed oil or gas well pads across soil and climate gradients of the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States. Our goals were to estimate the time required for soil properties to reach undisturbed conditions, examine the multivariate nature of soil quality following reclamation, and identify environmental factors that affect reclamation outcomes. Soil samples, collected in 2020 and 2021, were analyzed for biogeochemical pools (total nitrogen, and total organic and inorganic carbon), chemical characteristics (salinity, sodicity, pH), and texture. Predicted time to recovery across all sites was 29 years for biogeochemical soil properties, 31 years for soil chemical properties, and 6 years for soil texture. Ordination of soil properties revealed differences between on- and off-pad soils, while site aridity explained variability in on-pad recovery. The predicted time to total soil recovery (distance between on- and off-pad in ordination space) was 96 years, which was longer than any individual soil property. No site reached total recovery, indicating that individual soil properties alone may not fully indicate recovery in soil quality as soil recovery does not equal the sum of its parts. Site aridity was the largest predictor of reclamation outcomes, but the effects differed depending on soil type. Taken together, results suggest the recovery of soil quality - which reflects soil fertility, carbon sequestration potential, and other ecosystem functions - was influenced primarily by site setting, with soil type and aridity major mediators of on-pad carbon, salinity, and total soil recovery following reclamation.
The use of wetlands as a treatment approach for nitrogen in runoff is a common practice in agroecosystems. However, nitrate is not the sole constituent present in agricultural runoff and other biologically active contaminants have the potential to affect nitrate removal efficiency. In this study, the impacts of the combined effects of four common veterinary antibiotics (chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, lincomycin, monensin) on nitrate-N treatment efficiency in saturated sediments and wetlands were evaluated in a coupled microcosm/mesocosm scale experiment. Veterinary antibiotics were hypothesized to significantly impact nitrogen speciation (e.g., nitrate and ammonium) and nitrogen uptake and transformation processes (e.g., plant uptake and denitrification) within the wetland ecosystems. To test this hypothesis, the coupled study had three objectives: 1. assess veterinary antibiotic impact on nitrogen cycle processes in wetland sediments using microcosm incubations, 2. measure nitrate-N reduction in water of floating treatment wetland systems over time following the introduction of veterinary antibiotic residues, and 3. identify the fate of veterinary antibiotics in floating treatment wetlands using mesocosms. Microcosms containing added mixtures of the veterinary antibiotics had little to no effect at lower concentrations but stimulated denitrification potential rates at higher concentrations. Based on observed changes in the nitrogen loss in the microcosm experiments, floating treatment wetland mesocosms were enriched with 1000 μg L−1 of the antibiotic mixture. Rates of nitrate-N loss observed in mesocosms with the veterinary antibiotic enrichment were consistent with the microcosm experiments in that denitrification was not inhibited, even at the high dosage. In the mesocosm experiments, average nitrate-N removal rates were not found to be impacted by the veterinary antibiotics. Further, veterinary antibiotics were primarily found in the roots of the floating treatment wetland biomass, accumulating approximately 190 mg m−2 of the antibiotic mixture. These findings provide new insight into the impact that veterinary antibiotic mixtures may have on nutrient management strategies for large-scale agricultural operations and the potential for veterinary antibiotic removal in these wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/toxics12050346","usgsCitation":"Russell, M.V., Messer, T.L., Repert, D.A., Smith, R.L., Bartelt-Hunt, S., Snow, D.D., and Reed, A., 2024, Influence of four veterinary antibiotics on constructed treatment wetland nitrogen transformation: Toxics, v. 12, no. 5, 346, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050346.","productDescription":"346, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163926","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":428796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Matthew V. 0000-0001-9287-1409","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-1409","contributorId":336767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messer, Tiffany L.","contributorId":194057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messer","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repert, Deborah A. 0000-0001-7284-1456 darepert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-1456","contributorId":2578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"Deborah","email":"darepert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":900975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon","contributorId":189223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartelt-Hunt","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snow, Daniel D.","contributorId":204934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":900977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, Ariel 0000-0002-0792-5204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-5204","contributorId":298788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Ariel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":900978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70258420,"text":"70258420 - 2024 - Potential climate and human water-use effects on water-quality trends in a semiarid, western U.S. watershed: Fountain Creek, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T18:05:06.586732","indexId":"70258420","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-08T07:18:46","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential climate and human water-use effects on water-quality trends in a semiarid, western U.S. watershed: Fountain Creek, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"An attractive technique for removing CO2 from the environment is sequestration within stable carbonate solids (e. g., calcite). However, continuous addition of alkalinity is required to achieve favorable conditions for carbonate precipitation (pH>8) from aqueous streams containing dissolved CO2 (pH<4.5) and Ca2+ ions. In this study, a pH-swing process using ion exchange was demonstrated to process 300 L of produced water brine per day for CO2 mineralization. Proton titration capacities were quantified for aqueous streams in equilibrium with gas streams at various concentrations of CO2 (pCO2=0.03–0.20 atm) and at various flow rates (0.5–2.0 L min−1). Energy intensities for the process were determined to be between 30 and 65 kWh per tonne of CO2 sequestered depending on the composition of the brine stream. A life cycle assessment was performed to analyze the net carbon emissions of the technology which indicated a net CO2 reduction for pCO2≥0.12 atm (−0.06–−0.39 kg CO2e per kg precipitated CaCO3) utilizing calcium-rich brines. The results from this study indicate the ion exchange process can be used as a scalable method to provide alkalinity necessary for the capture and storage of CO2 in Ca-rich waste streams.
A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954 (New Jersey v. New York, 347 U.S. 995), established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes the diversion of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from specific reservoirs owned by New York City be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master provide reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 62nd annual report of the River Master of the Delaware River. This report covers the 2015 River Master report year, which is the period from December 1, 2014, to November 30, 2015.
During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 42.22 inches or 95 percent of the long-term average. The combined storage remained above 80 percent of the combined capacity until August 2015. The lowest combined storage of the report year was 57 percent of the total combined capacity on December 1, 2014. Delaware River Master operations during the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree and the Flexible Flow Management Program.
Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey fully complied with the Decree. The reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 72 days during the report year. Interim Excess Release Quantity and conservation releases, designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs, were also made during the report year.
Water quality in the Delaware River estuary between the streamgages at Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at several locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241010","isbn":"978-1-4113-4550-8","usgsCitation":"Russell, K.L., Andrews, W.J., DiFrenna, V.J., Norris, J.M., and Mason, R.R., Jr., 2024, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2014–November 30, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1010, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241010.","productDescription":"xi, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-144905","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499205,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116401.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428180,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/images/"},{"id":428179,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/ofr20241010.XML","description":"OFR 2024-1010 XML"},{"id":431003,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241010/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1010 HTML"},{"id":428177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/ofr20241010.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1010 PDF"},{"id":428176,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1010/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.94505928621406,\n 40.05337883630068\n ],\n [\n -74.72855902979892,\n 39.22047921540104\n ],\n [\n -73.33537420998806,\n 42.70804724221631\n ],\n [\n -75.52173314274067,\n 43.29620805006448\n ],\n [\n -76.94505928621406,\n 40.05337883630068\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Delaware River Master
Office of the Delaware River Master
U.S. Geological Survey
Like many hydrocarbon production areas in the U.S., the Poso Creek Oil Field in California includes and is adjacent to other land uses (agricultural and other developed lands) that affect the hydrology and geochemistry of the aquifer overlying and adjacent to oil development. We hypothesize that the distributions of hydrocarbons and arsenic in groundwater in such areas will be controlled by complex interactions between mixed land uses, oil-field infrastructure, and natural processes. In 2020–2021, samples of groundwater and surface water were collected and analyzed for a large suite of inorganic and organic chemicals and isotope and gas tracers to test this hypothesis. Those data are supplemented with ancillary data on historical geochemistry, hydrology, geology, and oil-field infrastructure. Hydrocarbons in groundwater (e.g., methane through pentane gases and benzene) are associated with natural processes (e.g., fault offsets or transition in sediment depositional environment) and oil-field infrastructure (e.g., fluid-migration pathways associated with uncemented annulus in oil wells or unlined pits). Arsenic concentrations >10 μg per liter (μg/L; maximum concentration 12.9 μg/L) are associated with natural processes in old, high-pH groundwater, and more recent recharge of water from natural and/or engineered recharge processes. Along the southwest margin of the oil field, pumping for drinking-water and irrigation supplies in combination with engineered groundwater recharge produce a depression in groundwater elevations where groundwater with elevated sulfate concentrations from agricultural areas and groundwater with hydrocarbons from the oil field mix to produce a zone of sulfate reduction that removes hydrocarbons and arsenic from groundwater but produces elevated sulfide (S2-) concentrations (maximum concentration 29 mg per liter, mg/L). In this study, multiple approaches were required to resolve the overlapping effects of land uses, oil-field infrastructure, and natural processes on the distributions of hydrocarbons and arsenic in groundwater. The combined use of geographic, historical, physical, chemical, isotopic, and other information to constrain processes could be a useful approach for studies in other hydrocarbon-production areas. This is particularly important where land uses affect aquifer hydrology to an extent that causes mixing of groundwaters with different chemical compositions.
The Grand Valley in western Colorado is in the semiarid Southwest United States. The north side of the Grand Valley has many ungaged ephemeral streams, which are of particular interest because (1) the underlying bedrock geology, Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale, is a sedimentary rock deposit identified as a major salinity contributor to the Colorado River and (2) despite infrequent streamflows of short duration, monsoon-derived floods in these ephemeral streams can carry substantial amounts of sediment downstream, affecting upstream and downstream banks and channel cross sections. The study area is of interest, because salinity, or the total dissolved solids concentration, in the Colorado River causes an estimated $300 million to $400 million per year in economic damages in the United States, and it is estimated 62 percent of the Upper Colorado River Basin’s total dissolved solid loads originate from geologic sources. In an effort to minimize salt contributions to the Colorado River from public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, a comprehensive salinity control approach is typically used to reduce nonpoint sources of salinity through land management techniques and practices.
In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, began an assessment of ephemeral streams located on the north side of the Grand Valley, western Colorado, to characterize stream channel stability and identify mechanisms affecting erosion. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a method for automatically extracting channel cross-section geometry from existing remotely sensed terrain models. Based on estimated flood stage and surrogate streamflows, hydraulic characteristics were calculated. Furthermore, the channel geometries and hydraulic characteristics were used to estimate channel stability using a statistical model.
Cross-section stabilities were determined from a stream channel stability assessment for a subset of 1,406 visited (field observed) locations out of 13,415 cross sections, which were delineated from remotely sensed terrain models. The application of Manning’s resistance equation in combination with multiple logistic regression models demonstrated channel stability can be estimated with a 0.845 goodness of fit for a validation dataset when using a combination of drainage area, width-to-depth ratio, sinuosity, and shear stress as the explanatory variables. Stream channel stability was extrapolated for 13,415 unvisited (not field observed) cross sections using the multiple logistic regression model and defined explanatory variables. Mapping of the ephemeral streams and their associated stabilities may be used by the Bureau of Land Management to prioritize areas for remediation or changes in management strategies to reduce sediment and salinity loading to the Colorado River.
The study found channel stability within the ephemeral streams to be spatially variable, longitudinally discontinuous, and dictated by changes in channel bed slope. The stable ephemeral streams were relatively wide and shallow and often had smaller drainage areas with less potential for producing shear stresses capable of overcoming channel adhesion. A change in channel bed slope can provide the means necessary to generate shear stresses appropriate to initiate erosion and a subsequent stability transition to incising channels. Channel widening happens when either or both banks of an incising channel reach a critical height for mass wasting, or when channel curvature causes higher sidewall stress. Regardless, widening channels can promote increases in sinuosity and subsequently reduce steep channel bed slopes. Consequently, stable and widening channels can have comparable bed slopes, making channel bed slope a poor explanatory variable to predict channel stability overall, despite its function to initiate channel instability.
The results were based on a surrogate 0.10 annual exceedance probability (AEP; return period equal to the 10-year flood) interval streamflow, although it was recognized fluctuations in streamflow would also affect channel stability. Past and current changes within the study area affect streamflow; therefore, mechanisms affecting erosion include land use disturbances, soil compaction, loss of vegetation cover, drought, less frequent and more extreme precipitation, and fires—which all intensify the potential runoff and erosion within the study area.
Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, Colorado 80225
Mathematical models are useful for public health planning and response to infectious disease threats. However, different models can provide differing results, which can hamper decision making if not synthesized appropriately. To address this challenge, multi-model hubs convene independent modeling groups to generate ensembles, known to provide more accurate predictions of future outcomes. Yet, these hubs are resource intensive, and how many models are sufficient in a hub is not known. Here, we compare the benefit of predictions from multiple models in different contexts: (1) decision settings that depend on predictions of quantitative outcomes (e.g., hospital capacity planning), where assessments of the benefits of multi-model ensembles have largely focused; and (2) decisions settings that require the ranking of alternative epidemic scenarios (e.g., comparing outcomes under multiple possible interventions and biological uncertainties). We develop a mathematical framework to mimic a multi-model prediction setting, and use this framework to quantify how frequently predictions from different models agree. We further explore multi-model agreement using real-world, empirical data from 14 rounds of U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub projections. Our results suggest that the value of multiple models could be different in different decision contexts, and if only a few models are available, focusing on the rank of alternative epidemic scenarios could be more robust than focusing on quantitative outcomes. Although additional exploration of the sufficient number of models for different contexts is still needed, our results indicate that it may be possible to identify decision contexts where it is robust to rely on fewer models, a finding that can inform the use of modeling resources during future public health crises.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100767","usgsCitation":"Wade-Malone, L.K., Howerton, E., Probert, W., Runge, M.C., Viboud, C., and Shea, K., 2024, When do we need multiple infectious disease models? Agreement between projection rank and magnitude in a multi-model setting: Epidemics, v. 47, 100767, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100767.","productDescription":"100767, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158794","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wade-Malone, La Keisha","contributorId":347211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wade-Malone","given":"La","email":"","middleInitial":"Keisha","affiliations":[{"id":6738,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howerton, Emily 0000-0002-0639-3728","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-3728","contributorId":258035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howerton","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Probert, William J.M.","contributorId":268234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Probert","given":"William J.M.","affiliations":[{"id":25447,"text":"University of Oxford","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viboud, Cecile 0000-0003-3243-4711","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-4711","contributorId":258034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viboud","given":"Cecile","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52216,"text":"National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shea, Katriona 0000-0002-7607-8248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-8248","contributorId":193646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Katriona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70256544,"text":"70256544 - 2024 - Impounded sediment and dam removal: Erosion rates and proximal downstream fate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-01T14:36:55.324873","indexId":"70256544","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-06T09:28:16","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18171,"text":"Earth Systems Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impounded sediment and dam removal: Erosion rates and proximal downstream fate","docAbstract":"Sediment management is an important aspect of dam removal projects, often driving costs and influencing community acceptance. For dams storing uncontaminated sediments, downstream release is often the cheapest and most practical approach and can be ecologically beneficial to downstream areas deprived of sediment for years. To employ this option, project proponents must estimate the sediment quantity to be released and, if substantial, estimate how long it will take to erode, where it will go and how long it will stay there. We investigated these issues when the Bloede Dam was removed from the Patapsco River in Maryland, USA, in 2018. The dam was about 10 m high, and its impoundment was nearly filled with an estimated 186 600 m3 of sediment composed of 70% sand and 30% mud. After removal, using elevation surveys generated by traditional methods as well as structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry at high temporal resolution, we documented rapid erosion of stored sediments in the first 6 months (~60%) followed by greatly reduced erosion rates for the next two and a half years. A stable channel developed in the impoundment during the rapid erosion phase. These results were predicted by a two-phased erosion response model developed from observations at sand-filled impoundments, thus expanding its applicability to include impoundments with a sand-over-mud stratigraphy. A similar two-phase erosion response has been reported for sediment releases at other dam removals in the United States, France and Japan across a range of dam and watershed scales, indicating what practitioners and communities should expect in similar settings. Downstream, repeat surveys combined with discharge and sediment gaging showed rapid transport of eroded sediments through a 5-km reach, especially during the first year when discharges were above normal, and little overbank storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.5850","usgsCitation":"Collins, M.J., Baker, M.E., Cashman, M.J., Miller, A., and Van Ryswick, S., 2024, Impounded sediment and dam removal: Erosion rates and proximal downstream fate: Earth Systems Processes and Landforms, v. 49, p. 2690-2703, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5850.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2690","endPage":"2703","ipdsId":"IP-155014","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5850","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patapsco River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.83408755981594,\n 39.30706218141856\n ],\n [\n -76.82795890419602,\n 39.32160674641318\n ],\n [\n -76.87308992002937,\n 39.34486766362994\n ],\n [\n -76.88530997597846,\n 39.33378339261742\n ],\n [\n -76.83504342654426,\n 39.302889650775796\n ],\n [\n -76.83408755981594,\n 39.30706218141856\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, Matthias J. 0000-0003-4238-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-2038","contributorId":196365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Matthias","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Matthew E.","contributorId":149189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17665,"text":"Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Matthew J. 0000-0002-6635-4309","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-4309","contributorId":203315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Andrew","contributorId":200717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Ryswick, Stephen","contributorId":341076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Ryswick","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25435,"text":"Maryland Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273290,"text":"70273290 - 2024 - Modeling nearshore total phosphorus in Lake Michigan using linked hydrodynamic and water quality models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-05T15:24:15.668823","indexId":"70273290","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-06T09:12:30","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling nearshore total phosphorus in Lake Michigan using linked hydrodynamic and water quality models","docAbstract":"Hurricane Maria induced about 70 000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA, including thousands each in three municipalities situated in Puerto Rico's rugged Cordillera Central range. By combining a nonlinear soil-depth model, presumed wettest-case pore pressures, and quasi-three-dimensional (3D) slope-stability analysis, we developed a landslide susceptibility map that has very good performance and continuous susceptibility zones having smooth, buffered boundaries. Our landslide susceptibility map enables assessment of potential ground-failure locations and their use as landslide sources in a companion assessment of inundation and debris-flow runout. The quasi-3D factor of safety, F3, showed strong inverse correlation to landslide density (high density at low F3). Area under the curve (AUC) of true positive rate (TPR) versus false positive rate (FPR) indicated success of F3 in identifying head-scarp points (AUC = 0.84) and source-area polygons (0.85 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.88). The susceptibility zones enclose specific percentages of observed landslides. Thus, zone boundaries use successive F3 levels for increasing TPR of landslide head-scarp points, with zones bounded by F3 at TPR = 0.75, very high; F3 at TPR = 0.90, high; and the remainder moderate to low. The very high susceptibility zone, with 118 landslides km−2, covered 23 % of the three municipalities. The high zone (51 landslides km−2) covered another 10 %.
Reductions in streamflow caused by groundwater pumping, known as “streamflow depletion,” link the hydrologic process of stream-aquifer interactions to human modifications of the water cycle. Isolating the impacts of groundwater pumping on streamflow is challenging because other climate and human activities concurrently impact streamflow, making it difficult to separate individual drivers of hydrologic change. In addition, there can be lags between when pumping occurs and when streamflow is affected. However, accurate quantification of streamflow depletion is critical to integrated groundwater and surface water management decision making. Here, we highlight research priorities to help advance fundamental hydrologic science and better serve the decision-making process. Key priorities include (a) linking streamflow depletion to decision-relevant outcomes such as ecosystem function and water users to align with partner needs; (b) enhancing partner trust and applicability of streamflow depletion methods through benchmarking and coupled model development; and (c) improving links between streamflow depletion quantification and decision-making processes. Catalyzing research efforts around the common goal of enhancing our streamflow depletion decision-support capabilities will require disciplinary advances within the water science community and a commitment to transdisciplinary collaboration with diverse water-connected disciplines, professions, governments, organizations, and communities.
The great 1957 Aleutian Islands earthquake ruptured ∼1200 km of the plate boundary along the Aleutian subduction zone and produced a destructive tsunami across Hawaiʻi. Early seismic and tsunami analyses indicated that large megathrust fault slip was concentrated in the western Aleutian Islands, but tsunami waves generated by slip in the west cannot explain the large observed runup in Hawaiʻi far to the southeast. Recently mapped 1957 geologic deposits on eastern Aleutian Islands suggest occurrence of very large nearby slip. Jointly modeling tsunami runup along the eastern Aleutian and Hawaiian Islands together with tide gauge recordings across the Pacific resolves 12-26 m shallow slip along 600 km of the eastern Aleutian Islands in addition to modest, deeper western slip inferred from seismic records. The eastern near-trench slip results in an MW 8.3-8.6 tsunami earthquake component of the MW 8.6-8.8 rupture, comparable in size to the adjacent 1946 Aleutian tsunami earthquake to the east. The reexamination of the 1957 rupture confirms the tsunami hazards posed by the eastern Aleutian subduction zone to Hawaiʻi and lays the groundwork for investigation of large prehistoric earthquakes through modeling tsunami runup inferred from stratigraphic observations to constrain their rupture processes.
Waterfowl are housed in captivity for research studies that are infeasible in the wild. Accommodating the unique requirements of semi-aquatic species in captivity while meeting experimental design criteria for research questions can be challenging and may have unknown effects on animal health. Thus, testing and standardizing best husbandry and care practices for waterfowl is necessary to facilitate proper husbandry and humane care while ensuring reliable and repeatable research results. To inform husbandry practices for captive-reared and wild-caught lesser scaup (Aythya affinis; hereafter, scaup), we assessed body mass and fat composition across two different aspects of husbandry, source population (captive-reared or wild caught), and housing densities (birds/m2). Our results suggest that housing scaup at low densities (≤0.6 m2/bird, P = 0.049) relative to other species can minimize negative health effects. Captive-reared scaup were heavier (P = 0.027) with greater body fat (P < 0.001) and exhibited fewer signs of stress during handling than wild-caught scaup. In our experience, scaup which are captive-reared from eggs collected in the wild were better for long-term captivity studies as they maintained body mass between and recovered lost body mass following trials. Researchers would benefit from carefully evaluating the tradeoffs of using short- and long-term captive methods on their research question before designing projects, husbandry practices, and housing facilities for waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/tas/txae076","usgsCitation":"Beach, C., Jacques, C., Lancaster, J., Osborne, D., Yetter, A., Cole, R.A., Hagy, H., and Fournier, A., 2024, Lessons learned from using wild-caught and captive-reared lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) in captive experiments: Translational Animal Science, v. 8, txae076, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae076.","productDescription":"txae076, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161402","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae076","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beach, C.R","contributorId":336886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beach","given":"C.R","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80893,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacques, C.N","contributorId":336887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacques","given":"C.N","affiliations":[{"id":33955,"text":"Illinois Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lancaster, J.D.","contributorId":336888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lancaster","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80895,"text":"Gulf Coast Joint Venture, Ducks Unlimited, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osborne, D.C.","contributorId":336889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osborne","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80897,"text":"College of Forestry, Agriculture, and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, Arkansas, 71656","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yetter, A.P.","contributorId":336890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yetter","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80898,"text":"Forbes Biological Station–Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Havana, Illinois, 62644","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":901303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hagy, H.M.","contributorId":336891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hagy","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80899,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge System, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Stanton, Tennessee, 38069","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fournier, A.M.V.","contributorId":336892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier","given":"A.M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80898,"text":"Forbes Biological Station–Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Havana, Illinois, 62644","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273820,"text":"70273820 - 2024 - Seismic tomography 2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-04T15:18:25.7588","indexId":"70273820","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-03T09:09:44","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic tomography 2023","docAbstract":"Seismic tomography is the most abundant source of information about the internal structure of the Earth at scales ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. It constrains the properties of active volcanoes, earthquake fault zones, deep reservoirs and storage sites, glaciers and ice sheets, or the entire globe. It contributes to outstanding societal problems related to natural hazards, resource exploration, underground storage, and many more. The recent advances in seismic tomography are being translated to nondestructive testing, medical ultrasound, and helioseismology. Nearly 50 yr after its first successful applications, this article offers a snapshot of modern seismic tomography. Focused on major challenges and particularly promising research directions, it is intended to guide both Earth science professionals and early‐career scientists. The individual contributions by the coauthors provide diverse perspectives on topics that may at first seem disconnected but are closely tied together by a few coherent threads: multiparameter inversion for properties related to dynamic processes, data quality, and geographic coverage, uncertainty quantification that is useful for geologic interpretation, new formulations of tomographic inverse problems that address concrete geologic questions more directly, and the presentation and quantitative comparison of tomographic models. It remains to be seen which of these problems will be considered solved, solved to some extent, or practically unsolvable over the next decade.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120230229","usgsCitation":"Fichtner, A., Kennett, B., Tsai, V.C., Thurber, C., Rodgers, A., Tape, C., Rawlinson, N., Borcherdt, R.D., Lebedev, S., Priestley, K., Morency, C., Bozdag, E., Tromp, J., Ritsema, J., Romanowicz, B., Liu, Q., Golos, E., and Lin, F., 2024, Seismic tomography 2023: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 114, no. 3, p. 1185-1213, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230229.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1213","ipdsId":"IP-157788","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2426716","text":"External 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0000-0003-1809-6672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1809-6672","contributorId":199684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurber, Clifford","contributorId":347048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thurber","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodgers, Artie","contributorId":365868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Artie","affiliations":[{"id":87234,"text":"Lawarence Livermore Nat 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0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":257482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lebedev, Sergei","contributorId":365870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebedev","given":"Sergei","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Priestley, Keith","contributorId":365871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Priestley","given":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Morency, 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Jeroen","contributorId":365874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritsema","given":"Jeroen","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Romanowicz, Barbara","contributorId":365875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romanowicz","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[{"id":87237,"text":"University of California- Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Liu, Qinya","contributorId":365876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Qinya","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Golos, Eva","contributorId":365877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golos","given":"Eva","affiliations":[{"id":82473,"text":"University of Wisconsin- Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lin, Fan-Chi","contributorId":175478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Fan-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70261210,"text":"70261210 - 2024 - Unscrambling the Proterozoic supercontinent record of northeastern Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-02T15:13:22.777356","indexId":"70261210","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-03T09:00:53","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Unscrambling the Proterozoic supercontinent record of northeastern Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"The time interval from Supercontinent Nuna assembly in the late Paleoproterozoic to Supercontinent Rodinia breakup in the Neoproterozoic is considered by some geologists to comprise the “Boring Billion,” an interval possibly marked by a slowdown in plate tectonic processes. In northeastern Washington State, USA, similar to much of western Laurentia, early workers generally thought the tectonostratigraphic framework of this interval of geologic time consisted of two major sequences, the (ca. 1480–1380 Ma) Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup and unconformably overlying (<720 Ma) Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. However, recent research indicates that strata considered by early workers as Belt Supergroup equivalents are actually younger, and a post-Belt, pre-Windermere record is present within the <1360 Ma Deer Trail Group and <760 Ma Buffalo Hump Formation. Thus, the northeastern Washington region perhaps comprises the most complete stratigraphic record of the “Boring Billion” time interval in the northwestern United States and holds important insights into global Proterozoic supercontinent tectonic processes. In light of these exciting developments, this field guide will address the early historic economic geology and original mapping of these Proterozoic sequences in the northeastern Washington region, and from that foundation explore more recent isotopic provenance data and their regional to global context. Finally, the guide will end with a discussion of remaining questions with a goal of stimulating interest in these relatively understudied, yet important, rocks.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proterozoic Nuna to Pleistocene megafloods: Sharing geology of the inland northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0069(02)","usgsCitation":"Brennan, D., Box, S.E., and Eyster, A., 2024, Unscrambling the Proterozoic supercontinent record of northeastern Washington State, USA, chap. of Proterozoic Nuna to Pleistocene megafloods: Sharing geology of the inland northwest, v. 69, p. 25-57, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0069(02).","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"57","ipdsId":"IP-160767","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.41897809481472,\n 48.704437980903606\n ],\n [\n -118.41897809481472,\n 48.045446269627746\n ],\n [\n -117.22731964669383,\n 48.045446269627746\n ],\n [\n -117.22731964669383,\n 48.704437980903606\n ],\n [\n -118.41897809481472,\n 48.704437980903606\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Daniel","contributorId":346764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brennan","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36941,"text":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eyster, Athena","contributorId":346765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eyster","given":"Athena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6936,"text":"Tufts University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70255660,"text":"70255660 - 2024 - Combining terrestrial lidar with single line transects to investigate geomorphic change: A case study on the Upper Verde River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T12:27:55.213471","indexId":"70255660","displayToPublicDate":"2024-05-03T07:24:38","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining terrestrial lidar with single line transects to investigate geomorphic change: A case study on the Upper Verde River, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Upper Verde River in northern Arizona, USA is a vital resource for the wildlife and humans that rely on its waters. We characterize the riparian corridor topography using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data from 2021 to 2022. We also quantify geomorphic changes associated with human and climate-driven alterations in river flow and vegetation changes by combining the contemporary lidar surveys with legacy measurements from single line geomorphology transects measured by the United States Forest Service (USFS) in 2009. Seventeen plots along the Upper Verde River were surveyed with the TLS and the data were coregistered within individual plots with a Root Mean Square Error of <0.03 m among scan positions. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) were derived for each plot from the TLS data at 10 cm resolution and compared to the 2009 USFS cross-section data to quantify elevation changes. In areas with statistically significant change, we detected maximum changes in elevation due to erosion and deposition of −0.37 m and + 0.97 m, respectively. Topographic changes over the 13-year period were predominately aggradation and associated with sediment deposition, which we hypothesize might have resulted from altered river flow and vegetation encroachment. This study also demonstrates a quantitative and statistical methodology to fuse traditional single line cross-section data with contemporary lidar data to quantify geomorphic change. The novel approach demonstrated here is broadly applicable to natural resource managers for integrating and contextualizing legacy topographic data for understanding past, present, and future landscape and habitat changes.
Wetlands are integral to the global carbon cycle, serving as both a source and a sink for organic carbon. Their potential for carbon storage will likely change in the coming decades in response to higher temperatures and variable precipitation patterns. We characterized the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition from 12 different wetland sites across the USA spanning gradients in climate, landcover, sampling depth, and hydroperiod for comparison to DOM in other inland waters. Using absorption spectroscopy, parallel factor analysis modeling, and ultra-high resolution mass spectroscopy, we identified differences in DOM sourcing and processing by geographic site. Wetland DOM composition was driven primarily by differences in landcover where forested sites contained greater aromatic and oxygenated DOM content compared to grassland/herbaceous sites which were more aliphatic and enriched in N and S molecular formulae. Furthermore, surface and porewater DOM was also influenced by properties such as soil type, organic matter content, and precipitation. Surface water DOM was relatively enriched in oxygenated higher molecular weight formulae representing HUPHigh O/C compounds than porewaters, whose DOM composition suggests abiotic sulfurization from dissolved inorganic sulfide. Finally, we identified a group of persistent molecular formulae (3,489) present across all sites and sampling depths (i.e., the signature of wetland DOM) that are likely important for riverine-to-coastal DOM transport. As anthropogenic disturbances continue to impact temperate wetlands, this study highlights drivers of DOM composition fundamental for understanding how wetland organic carbon will change, and thus its role in biogeochemical cycling.
Livestock grazing, a widespread land use in semi-arid systems, is often placed in opposition to the perpetuation of biological soil crusts (“biocrusts”: lichens, mosses, and algal crusts including cyanobacteria) that live on the soil surface and provide ecosystem functions. The composition of biocrusts and vascular plants varies with climate, soils, and disturbance. In general, ruderal mosses and light algal crusts make up greater proportions of biocrusts in the presence of disturbance, although morphogroups of biocrusts respond differently to various disturbances. It is unknown if there are scenarios under which grazing can occur and ruderal components of biocrust could be maintained. We examine the hypothesis that soil surface texture-moisture interactions influence the ability of biocrusts to withstand trampling, reasoning that finer-textured soils are firmer (therefore serving as a better substrate for biocrusts) when dry and that coarser-textured are firmer when wet. We test these relationships within Birds of Prey, National Conservation Area (Boise, Idaho, USA). Results demonstrate two associations of biocrusts, dependent on season of grazing: one dominated by light algal crusts and lichens that frequently occurs with wet season grazing, and a second dominated by tall mosses and cup lichens that frequently occurs with dry season grazing. High cover of the invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum (L.) was observed on sites with coarse-textured soils, and high sand content, that are grazed at relatively high intensities, creating unstable surfaces, and likely putting biocrusts at greater susceptibility to trampling. Results suggest that livestock management that accounts for soil texture and moisture could be used to maintain cover of ruderal biocrusts on fine-textured soils, that are grazed in the dry season, at low intensity. We discuss our findings in the context of managing for species of interest. Our findings are timely as varying the season of grazing is increasingly discussed as a means of favoring desirable native perennial grasses. Although ruderal morphogroups of biocrusts are not interpreted as having equivalent ecosystem functions compared to intact biocrusts, their contributions to soil stability, fertility, hydrology, and weed abatement could increase if they were more intentionally targeted by management.
Ephemeral alluvial streams pose globally significant flood hazards to human habitation in drylands, but sparse data for these regions limit understanding of the character and impacts of extreme flooding. In this study, we document decadal changes in dryland ephemeral channel patterns at two sites in the lower Colorado River Basin (southwestern United States) that were ravaged by extraordinary flash floods in the 1970s: Bronco Creek, Arizona (1971), and Eldorado Canyon, Nevada (1974). We refer to these two floods as ‘fluviomorphic erasure events’, because they produced blank slates for the channels that were gradually moulded by more frequent but much smaller flood events. We studied georectified aerial photos that span ~60 years at each site to show that both study sites recovered to their pre-flood condition after ~25 years. We employ channel network metrics: stream-link area (SLA), geometric braiding index and junction-node density. Each metric decreased during the short-duration extreme flood erasure events. Subsequently, a fluviomorphic trajectory at a decadal tempo returned the channels to pre-flood values. The SLA decreased at rates of 3.6%–4.1% per year in the decade following the floods. The extreme flood events decreased the pre-flood geometric braiding index at the two sites by 56%–68%, and it took 15–24 years for this index to recover to pre-flood values. In contrast, it took 30–35 years for the channels to recover to a uniform pre-flood channel form, as indicated by the spatial distribution of bars and junction nodes. Our results document baseline examples of ephemeral stream channel evolution trajectories, as future climatic change will likely accelerate increases in the magnitudes and frequencies of extreme floods and geomorphic erasure events.
Ediacara-type macrofossils appear as early as ~575 Ma in deep-water facies of the Drook Formation of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and the Nadaleen Formation of Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada. Our ability to assess whether a deep-water origination of the Ediacara biota is a genuine reflection of evolutionary succession, an artifact of an incomplete stratigraphic record, or a bathymetrically controlled biotope is limited by a lack of geochronological constraints and detailed shelf-to-slope transects of Ediacaran continental margins. The Ediacaran Rackla Group of the Wernecke Mountains, NW Canada, represents an ideal shelf-to-slope depositional system to understand the spatiotemporal and environmental context of Ediacara-type organisms' stratigraphic occurrence. New sedimentological and paleontological data presented herein from the Wernecke Mountains establish a stratigraphic framework relating shelfal strata in the Goz/Corn Creek area to lower slope deposits in the Nadaleen River area. We report new discoveries of numerous Aspidella hold-fast discs, indicative of frondose Ediacara organisms, from deep-water slope deposits of the Nadaleen Formation stratigraphically below the Shuram carbon isotope excursion (CIE) in the Nadaleen River area. Such fossils are notably absent in coeval shallow-water strata in the Goz/Corn Creek region despite appropriate facies for potential preservation. The presence of pre-Shuram CIE Ediacara-type fossils occurring only in deep-water facies within a basin that has equivalent well-preserved shallow-water facies provides the first stratigraphic paleobiological support for a deep-water origination of the Ediacara biota. In contrast, new occurrences of Ediacara-type fossils (including juvenile fronds, Beltanelliformis, Aspidella, annulated tubes, and multiple ichnotaxa) are found above the Shuram CIE in both deep- and shallow-water deposits of the Blueflower Formation. Given existing age constraints on the Shuram CIE, it appears that Ediacaran organisms may have originated in the deeper ocean and lived there for up to ~15 million years before migrating into shelfal environments in the terminal Ediacaran. This indicates unique ecophysiological constraints likely shaped the initial habitat preference and later environmental expansion of the Ediacara biota.
Evidence of the widespread occurrence of microplastics throughout our environment and exposure to humans and other organisms over the past decade has led to questions about the possibility of health hazards and mitigation of exposures. This document discusses nanoplastics as well as microplastics (referred to solely as microplastics); the microplastics have a range from 1 micrometer to 5 millimeters (1 μm–5 mm) in length, whereas the nanoplastics are less than 1 μm in length (sidebar ES1).
A myriad of environmental exposure pathways with microplastics to humans and wildlife, including ingestion, inhalation, and bodily absorption, are likely to exist. A growing body of evidence has documented bioaccumulation of microplastics in tissues and organs of humans and wildlife, benthic community effects, and potential nutritional and reproductive effects in some wildlife species. Understanding if or when environmental exposures pose a health risk is complicated by the diversity of microplastic sizes, morphologies, polymer types, and chemicals added during manufacturing or sorbed from the environment; ongoing challenges in analytical methods used to detect, quantify, and characterize microplastics and associated chemicals in our ecosystems; and the fact that ecotoxicological studies regarding microplastics are still in their infancy. Therefore, the study of environmental exposures and potential related health hazards of microplastics to the public and wildlife is a One Health (sidebar ES2) research topic that necessitates integrated science approaches.
A better understanding of the sources, pathways, fate, and biological effects of microplastics has become a priority of the Federal Government, State governments, Tribes, stakeholders, and the public. Examples of Federal and State microplasticfocused legislation and programs to prioritize microplastic research and reduction include the Federal Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015, California Senate Bills 1422 and 1263 (2018), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Trash Free Waters Program, the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Microplastic and Nanoplastic Metrology project, and Minnesota’s microplastic project. With its unique expertise and capabilities, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is well positioned to help fill some of the most important microplastic science gaps.
This strategic science vision document for microplastics identifies current (2023) microplastic science gaps and prioritizes research relevant to the mission, expertise, and capabilities of the USGS. It is intended for USGS scientists and stakeholders to use as a starting point for planning, prioritizing, and designing collaborative environmental microplastic science. Many of the microplastic science gaps and priorities are scalable, from local to national, and thus, can be made commensurate with available funding and evolving analytical and field tools, laboratory capacity, and stakeholder needs. Current (2023) or future research by academia and other Federal or State agencies, and Tribes may be aimed at some of the same microplastic science gaps identified in this document. Therefore, this document can be used as an information resource to maximize strengths and capabilities and minimize redundancy in communication and collaboration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1521","isbn":"978-1-4113-4554-6","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Baldwin, A.K., Barber, L.B., Blazer, V.S., Corsi, S.R., Duris, J.W., Fisher, S.C., Focazio, M., Janssen, S.E., Jasmann, J.R., Kolpin, D.W., Kraus, J.M., Lane, R.F., Lee, M.E., McSwain, K.B., Oden, T.D., Reilly, T.J., and Spanjer, A.R., 2024, Integrated science for the study of microplastics in the environment—A strategic science vision for the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1521, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1521.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-149474","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499074,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116399.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":428169,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1521/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"CIR 1521 HTML"},{"id":428170,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/cir1521.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"CIR 1521 XML"},{"id":428171,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/images/"},{"id":428167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":428168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1521/cir1521.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"CIR 1521 PDF"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, Environmental Health Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The US Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Models (NSHMs) are used to calculate earthquake ground-shaking intensities for design and rehabilitation of structures in the United States. The most recent 2014 and 2018 versions of the NSHM for the conterminous United States included major updates to ground-motion models (GMMs) for active and stable crustal tectonic settings; however, the subduction zone GMMs were largely unchanged. With the recent development of the next generation attenuation-subduction (NGA-Sub) GMMs, and recent progress in the utilization of “M9” Cascadia earthquake simulations, we now have access to improved models of ground shaking in the US subduction zones and the Seattle basin. The new NGA-Sub GMMs support multi-period response spectra calculations. They provide global models and regional terms specific to Cascadia and terms that account for deep-basin effects. This article focuses on the updates to subduction GMMs for implementation in the 2023 NSHM and compares them to the GMMs of previous NSHMs. Individual subduction GMMs, their weighted averages, and their impact on the estimated mean hazard relative to the 2018 NSHM are discussed. The updated logic trees include three of the new NGA-Sub GMMs and retain two older models to represent epistemic uncertainty in both the median and standard deviation of ground-shaking intensities at all periods of interest. Epistemic uncertainty is further represented by a three-point logic tree for the NGA-Sub median models. Finally, in the Seattle region, basin amplification factors are adjusted at long periods based on the state-of-the-art M9 Cascadia earthquake simulations. The new models increase the estimated mean hazard values at short periods and short source-to-site distances for interface earthquakes, but decrease them otherwise, relative to the 2018 NSHM. On softer soils, the new models cause decreases to the estimated mean hazard for long periods in the Puget Lowlands basin but increases within the deep Seattle portion of this basin for short periods relative to the 2018 NSHM.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Publications","doi":"10.1177/87552930241243069","usgsCitation":"Rezaeian, S., Powers, P.M., Altekruse, J.M., Ahdi, S.K., Petersen, M.D., Shumway, A., Frankel, A.D., Wirth, E.A., Smith, J.A., Moschetti, M.P., Withers, K., and Herrick, J.A., 2024, The 2023 U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model: Subduction ground motion models: Earthquake Spectra, v. 41, no. 3, p. 1739-1786, https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241243069.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1786","ipdsId":"IP-155768","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930241243069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":493844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rezaeian, Sanaz 0000-0001-7589-7893","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-7893","contributorId":238513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rezaeian","given":"Sanaz","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Peter M. 0000-0003-2124-6184 pmpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6184","contributorId":176814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Peter","email":"pmpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altekruse, Jason M. 0000-0002-8798-9514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-9514","contributorId":291308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Altekruse","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahdi, Sean Kamran 0000-0003-0274-5180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-5180","contributorId":265143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahdi","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Kamran","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shumway, Allison 0000-0003-1142-7141 ashumway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-7141","contributorId":147862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumway","given":"Allison","email":"ashumway@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":146285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wirth, Erin A. 0000-0002-8592-4442","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-4442","contributorId":207853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, James Andrew 0000-0002-5565-9254 jimsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-9254","contributorId":332933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"jimsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - 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