The 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) ignimbrite was constructed from 9 compositionally distinct, sequentially emplaced packages, each with distinct proportions of rhyolite (R), dacite (D), and andesite (A) pumices that permit us to map package boundaries and flow paths from vent to distal extents. Changing pumice proportions and interbedding relationships link ignimbrite formation to coeval fall deposition during the first ∼16 h (Episode I) of the eruption. Pumice compositional proportions in the ignimbrite were estimated by counts on ≥100 lapilli at multiple levels in vertical sections wherever accessible and more widely over most of the ignimbrite surface in the VTTS. The initial, 100% rhyolite ignimbrite package (equivalent to regional fall Layer A and occupying ∼3.5 h) was followed by packages with increasing proportions of andesite, then dacite, emplaced over ∼12.5 h and equivalent to regional fall Layers B1-B3. Coeval fall deposits are locally intercalated with the ignimbrite and show parallel changes in R:D (rhyolite:dacite) proportions, but lack significant amounts of andesite. Andesite was thus dominantly a low-fountaining component in the eruption column and is preferentially represented in packages filling the VTTS north of the vent. The most extensive packages (3 and 4) occur in B1 and early B2 times where flow mobility and volume were optimized; earlier all-rhyolite flows (Package 1) were highly energetic but less voluminous, while later packages (5-9) were both less voluminous and emplaced at lower velocities. Package boundaries are expressed as one or more of the following: sharp color changes corresponding to compositional variations; persistent finer-grained basal parts of flow units; compaction swales filled by later packages; erosional channels cut by the flows that fill them; lobate accumulations of one package; and (mostly south of the vent) intercalated fall deposit layers. Clear flow-unit boundaries are best developed between ignimbrite of non-successive packages, indicating time breaks of tens of minutes to hours. Less well-defined stratification may represent rapidly emplaced successive flow units but often changes over short distances and indicates variations in localized depositional conditions.
","largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25621.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Wilson, C.J., 2005, Assembling an ignimbrite: Compositionally defined eruptive packages in the 1912 Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes ignimbrite, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 7-8, p. 1094-1107, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25621.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1107","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210849,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25621.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.7586669921875,\n 58.33184616335256\n ],\n [\n -155.35491943359375,\n 58.33184616335256\n ],\n [\n -155.35491943359375,\n 58.51234832198017\n ],\n [\n -155.7586669921875,\n 58.51234832198017\n ],\n [\n -155.7586669921875,\n 58.33184616335256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edc5e4b0c8380cd499c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, J.","contributorId":67666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029594,"text":"70029594 - 2005 - Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70029594","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Early Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation forms the upper stratigraphic level of an oceanic volcanic arc complex within the Peninsular Terrane of south-central Alaska. The section comprises a series of lavas, tuffs, and volcaniclastic debris-How and flow turbidite deposits, showing significant lateral facies variability. There is a general trend toward more volcaniclastic sediment at the top of the section and more lavas and tuff breccias toward the base. Evidence for dominant submarine, mostly mid-bathyal or deeper (>500 m) emplacement is seen throughout the section, which totals ???7 km in thickness, similar to modern western Pacific arcs, and far more than any other known exposed section. Subaerial sedimentation was rare but occurred over short intervals in the middle of the section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is dominantly calc-alkatine and shows no clear trend to increasing SiO2 up-section. An oceanic subduction petrogenesis is shown by trace element and Nd isotope data. Rocks at the base of the section show no relative enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs) versus heavy rare earth elements (REES) or in melt-incompatible versus compatible high field strength elements (HFSEs). Relative enrichment of LREEs and HFSEs increases slightly up-section. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation is typically more REE depleted than average continental crust, although small volumes of light REE-enriched and heavy REE-depleted mafic lavas are recognized low in the stratigraphy. The Talkeetna Volcanic Formation was formed in an intraoceanic arc above a north-dipping subduction zone and contains no preserved record of its subsequent collisions with Wrangellia or North America. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25638.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Clift, P., Draut, A., Kelemen, P., Blusztajn, J., and Greene, A., 2005, Stratigraphic and geochemical evolution of an oceanic arc upper crustal section: The Jurassic Talkeetna Volcanic Formation, south-central Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 7-8, p. 902-925, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25638.1.","startPage":"902","endPage":"925","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210543,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25638.1"},{"id":237498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98c8e4b08c986b31c138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clift, P.D.","contributorId":100182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clift","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draut, A.E.","contributorId":50273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelemen, P.B.","contributorId":107034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelemen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blusztajn, J.","contributorId":16639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blusztajn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greene, A.","contributorId":34711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029595,"text":"70029595 - 2005 - Annual survival and site fidelity of northern pintails banded on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T16:20:05","indexId":"70029595","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival and site fidelity of northern pintails banded on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"We banded northern pintails (Anas acuta; n = 13,645) at a single site on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD), Alaska, USA, from 1990 to 2001. We used recaptures from our site in combination with hunter recoveries to model annual survival, recovery rates, and fidelity to our capture location. Most recoveries (>90%) occurred in the Pacific Flyway with 64% reported from California's Central Valley. Our top candidate models allowed survival to vary by sex but not by age or year. Estimated annual survival was 77.6% (95% CI: 73.9-81.0%) for males and 60.2% (95% CI: 53.2-67.0%) for females. Reporting rates varied by age, sex, and year; estimates for adult males exceeded those for adult females by 3.5 times. Within sexes, reporting rates of hatch-year pintails exceeded those of adults. Estimated recovery rates were considerably lower than those estimated during the 1950s-1970s for winter banded pintails (Hestbeck 1993b), but there were no differences in survival rates. This suggests that changes in harvest regulations may not have influenced annual survival in this population. The propensity of banded pintails to return to our capture site (fidelity rate) varied between sexes and was positively correlated with water conditions in prairie Canada. Our estimates of fidelity rates varied from 77.4% to 87.2% for males and 89.8% to 94.3% for females. Our fidelity estimates suggest that some level of subpopulation structuring may exist for northern pintails. Additionally, our estimates of fidelity support previous observations of northern pintails overflying poor wetland habitat conditions on the Canadian prairies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Washington Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1202:ASASFO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Nicolai, C.A., Flint, P.L., and Wege, M.L., 2005, Annual survival and site fidelity of northern pintails banded on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1202-1210, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1202:ASASFO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1202","endPage":"1210","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069[1202:ASASFO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec39e4b0c8380cd49132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicolai, Christopher A.","contributorId":107140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolai","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wege, Michael L.","contributorId":78629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wege","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029663,"text":"70029663 - 2005 - Succession on subalpine placer mine spoil: Effects of revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T15:35:22.467586","indexId":"70029663","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Succession on subalpine placer mine spoil: Effects of revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A.","title":"Succession on subalpine placer mine spoil: Effects of revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Alnus viridis seedlings were planted on placer mine spoil in an Alaskan subalpine watershed to bypass a seedling establishment bottleneck for A. viridis, and to evaluate the interaction between A. viridis and the dominant riparian woody plants, Salix alaxensis and Populus balsamifera. The study area was divided into 11 replicate blocks, each on a homogeneous recontoured spoil pile. Blocks were divided into two 0.01 ha plots, and treatments without (control) and with 84 planted A. viridis seedlings were randomly assigned to plots. After 10 years, the Alnus treatment had a dense stand of A. viridis 1–2 m tall, while the control had fewer, smaller seedlings. Compared to the control, planted A. viridis had a neutral effect on S. alaxensis and inhibited P. balsamifera at the seedling establishment stage, but facilitated the growth of established plants of both species, with many plants overtopping the A. viridis canopy. Compared to the control, S. alaxensis plants in the Alnus treatment had higher levels of foliar N and δ15N values closer to those of A. viridis, indicating the importance of N fixation by A. viridis. Planting A. viridis accelerated the rate of succession by stimulating growth of woody dominants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0297:SOSPMS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R.V., 2005, Succession on subalpine placer mine spoil: Effects of revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A.: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 37, no. 3, p. 297-303, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0297:SOSPMS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"303","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1657/1523-0430%282005%29037%5B0297%3ASOSPMS%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9da8e4b08c986b31d9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70031265,"text":"70031265 - 2005 - The adrenocortical response of tufted puffin chicks to nutritional deficits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:28:10","indexId":"70031265","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1907,"text":"Hormones and Behavior","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The adrenocortical response of tufted puffin chicks to nutritional deficits","docAbstract":"In several seabirds, nutritional state of a nest-bound chick is negatively correlated with the activity of its hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Increased corticosterone (cort) secretion has been shown to facilitate changes in behavior that allow hungry chicks to obtain more food from parents. However, if parents are not willing/able to buffer their young from temporary food shortages, increased cort secretion could be detrimental to undernourished chicks. In a system where parents are insensitive to chick demands, low benefits and high costs of activation of the HPA-axis in hungry chicks should lead to a disassociation of the nutritional state of the young and the activity of its HPA-axis. We tested this novel hypothesis for the tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata), a seabird with intermittent provisioning of a nest-bound semi-precocial chick. We examined the HPA-axis activity of captive chicks exposed to the following: (1) a short-term (24 h) food deprivation; and (2) an array of prolonged (3 weeks) restrictions in feeding regimens. We found that in response to a short-term food deprivation chicks decreased baseline levels of cort and thyroid hormones. In response to prolonged restrictions, food-limited chicks exhibited signs of nutritional deficit: they had lower body mass, endogenous lipid reserves, and thyroid hormone titers compared to chicks fed ad libitum. However, baseline and maximum acute stress-induced levels of cort were also lower in food-restricted chicks compared to those of chicks fed ad libitum. These results support a major prediction of the study hypothesis that puffin chicks suppress HPA-axis activity in response to short- and long-term nutritional deficits. This physiological adaptation may allow a chick to extend its development in the nest, while eluding detrimental effects of chronic cort elevation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hormones and Behavior","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Inc.","doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005","issn":"0018506X","usgsCitation":"Kitaysky, A., Romano, M.D., Piatt, J.F., Wingfield, J., and Kikuchi, M., 2005, The adrenocortical response of tufted puffin chicks to nutritional deficits: Hormones and Behavior, v. 47, no. 5, p. 606-619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"619","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.01.005"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9a4e4b08c986b3223e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kitaysky, A.S.","contributorId":104239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wingfield, J.C.","contributorId":22929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kikuchi, M.","contributorId":30446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kikuchi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70031395,"text":"70031395 - 2005 - Parallel structure among environmental gradients and three trophic levels in a subarctic estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:10:59","indexId":"70031395","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parallel structure among environmental gradients and three trophic levels in a subarctic estuary","docAbstract":"We assessed spatial and temporal variability in the physical environment of a subarctic estuary, and examined concurrent patterns of chlorophyll α abundance (fluorescence), and zooplankton and forage fish community structure. Surveys were conducted in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, during late July and early August from 1997 through 1999. Principle components analysis (PCA) revealed that spatial heterogeneity in the physical oceanographic environment of lower Cook Inlet could be modeled as three marine-estuarine gradients characterized by temperature, salinity, bottom depth, and turbidity. The gradients persisted from 1997 through 1999, and PCA explained 68% to 92% of the variance in physical oceanography for each gradient-year combination. Correlations between chlorophyll α abundance and distribution and the PCA axes were weak. Chlorophyll was reduced by turbidity, and low levels occurred in areas with high levels of suspended sediments. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to order the sample sites based on species composition and to order the zooplankton and forage fish taxa based on similarities among sample sites for each gradient-year. Correlations between the structure of the physical environment (PCA axis 1) and zooplankton community structure (DCA axis 1) were strong (r = 0.43-0.86) in all years for the three marine-estuarine gradients, suggesting that zooplankton community composition was structured by the physical environment. The physical environment (PCA) and forage fish community structure (DCA) were weakly correlated in all years along Gradient 2, defined by halocline intensity and surface temperature and salinity, even though these physical variables were more important for defining zooplankton habitats. However, the physical environment (PCA) and forage fish community structure (DCA) were strongly correlated along the primary marine-estuarine gradient (#1) in 1997 (r = 0.87) and 1998 (r = 0.82). The correlation was poor (r = 0.32) in 1999, when fish community structure changed markedly in lower Cook Inlet. Capelin (Mallotus villosus), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) were caught farther north than in previous years. Waters were significantly colder and more saline in 1999, a La Nina year, than in other years of the study. Interannual fluctuations in environmental conditions in lower Cook Inlet did not have substantial effects on zooplankton community structure, although abundance of individual taxa varied significantly. The abundance and distribution of chlorophyll α, zooplankton and forage fish were affected much more by spatial variability in physical oceanography than by interannual variability. Our examination of physical-biological linkages in lower Cook Inlet supports the concept of \"bottom-up control,\" i.e., that variability in the physical environment structures higher trophic-level communities by influencing their distribution and abundance across space.
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At that time, live births were recorded for all of France on an annual basis. In the year prior to September 1802, Laplace estimated the number of such births to be approximately X = 1,000,000. These newly born individuals constituted a marked population. Laplace then obtained census and live birth data from several communities “with zealous and intelligent mayors” across all of France. Recognizing some variation in annual birth rates, Laplace summed the number of births reported in these sample communities for the three years leading up to the time of his estimate, and divided by three to determine that there were x = 71,866 births per year (marked individuals) in those communities. The ratio of these marked individuals to the total number of individuals in the sampled communities, y = 2,037,615, was then the estimate
p = 71,866/2,037,615 = 0.0353
of the proportion of the total population in France that was newly born. On this basis, the one million marked individuals in the whole of France is related to the total population N as
Np ≈ 1,000,000
so that
N ≈ 1,000,000/0.0353 =28,328,612
This estimation procedure is equivalent to the Lincoln-Peterson capture-recapture estimator described in chapter 2.
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These differences also provide guidance for an improved observational network for Alaska. On the basis of validation with independent in situ data, we conclude that the data set produced by SCAS provides the best spatial coverage of Alaskan long-term mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation currently available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic407","usgsCitation":"Simpson, J.J., Hufford, G.L., Daly, C., Berg, J.S., and Fleming, M.D., 2005, Comparing maps of mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation for Alaska and adjacent areas of Canada produced by two different methods: Arctic, v. 58, no. 2, p. 137-161, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic407.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"161","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 52.74959372674114\n ],\n [\n -119.091796875,\n 54.36775852406841\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 65.94647177615738\n ],\n [\n -127.17773437499999,\n 69.80930869552193\n ],\n [\n -143.96484375,\n 70.61261423801925\n ],\n [\n -159.169921875,\n 71.46912418989677\n ],\n [\n -168.3984375,\n 68.84766505841037\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 64.8115572502203\n ],\n [\n -172.529296875,\n 63.470144746565424\n ],\n [\n -169.27734375,\n 52.429222277955134\n ],\n [\n -149.85351562499997,\n 57.468589192089354\n ],\n [\n -145.98632812499997,\n 59.57885104663186\n ],\n [\n -137.8125,\n 57.562995459387146\n ],\n [\n -132.36328125,\n 50.90303283111257\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 52.74959372674114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f836e4b0c8380cd4cf45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, James J.","contributorId":58811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hufford, Gary L.","contributorId":78502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Christopher","contributorId":83330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berg, Jared S.","contributorId":78912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berg","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleming, Michael D.","contributorId":102638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029461,"text":"70029461 - 2005 - Central Arctic caribou and petroleum development: Distributional, nutritional, and reproductive implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T14:57:28.55737","indexId":"70029461","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Central Arctic caribou and petroleum development: Distributional, nutritional, and reproductive implications","docAbstract":"We synthesize findings from cooperative research on effects of petroleum development on caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) of the Central Arctic Herd (CAH). The CAH increased from about 6000 animals in 1978 to 23000 in 1992, declined to 18 000 by 1995, and again increased to 27 000 by 2000. Net calf production was consistent with changes in herd size. In the Kuparuk Development Area (KDA), west of Prudhoe Bay, abundance of calving caribou was less than expected within 4 km of roads and declined exponentially with road density. With increasing infrastructure, high-density calving shifted from the KDA to inland areas with lower forage biomass. During July and early August, caribou were relatively unsuccessful in crossing road/pipeline corridors in the KDA, particularly when in large, insect-harassed aggregations; and both abundance and movements of females were lower in the oil field complex at Prudhoe Bay than in other areas along the Arctic coast. Female caribou exposed to petroleum development west of the Sagavanirktok River may have consumed less forage during the calving period and experienced lower energy balance during the midsummer insect season than those under disturbance-free conditions east of the river. The probable consequences were poorer body condition at breeding and lower parturition rates for western females than for eastern females (e.g., 1988–94: 64% vs. 83% parturient, respectively; p = 0.003), which depressed the productivity of the herd. Assessments of cumulative effects of petroleum development on caribou must incorporate the complex interactions with a variable natural environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic382","usgsCitation":"Cameron, R.D., Smith, W.T., White, R.G., and Griffith, B., 2005, Central Arctic caribou and petroleum development: Distributional, nutritional, and reproductive implications: Arctic, v. 58, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic382.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477776,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic382","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3ede4b0c8380cd4ba34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Raymond D.","contributorId":190363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Walter T.","contributorId":8953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Robert G.","contributorId":181759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":422833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189665,"text":"70189665 - 2005 - Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:06:11","indexId":"70189665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000","docAbstract":"Bristol Bay, Alaska, supports one of the largest and most valuable salmon fisheries in the world. Salmon abundance in Bristol Bay and other northern areas more than doubled after the 1976–77 marine climate shift. However, in 1997–98, a major El Niño event led to unusual oceanographic conditions and Bristol Bay sockeye salmon production was unexpectedly low. Nevertheless, the effect of climate on biological mechanisms leading to greater salmon survival and production are poorly understood. In order to test several hypotheses linking climate to salmon growth, interspecific and intraspecific competition, and salmon production, we measured annual marine and freshwater scale growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon, 1955 to 2000.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the open science meeting study of environmental Arctic change (SEARCH)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Open Science Meeting: Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH)","conferenceDate":"October 27-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Ruggerone, G.T., 2005, Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000, in Proceedings of the open science meeting study of environmental Arctic change (SEARCH), Seattle, WA, October 27-30, 2003, p. 198-198.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arcus.org/search-program/products"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab1a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Behr, Sarah","contributorId":20479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behr","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705688,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, Helen","contributorId":104416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiggins","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, Alison","contributorId":99067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"York","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705693,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggerone, Gregory T.","contributorId":48068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185513,"text":"70185513 - 2005 - Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:25:02","indexId":"70185513","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5330,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"AMNWR 04/01","title":"Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000","docAbstract":"Surveys for seabirds and marine mammals were conducted in and near Sitka Sound, Alaska (Fig. 1) from the M/V Tiĝlax̂ during 12-16 July 2000 (Table 1, Fig. 1). The objective was to characterize the marine environment in the vicinity of St. Lazaria Island, one of ten seabird colonies monitored annually by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (See Dragoo et al. 2003). In addition to censusing seabirds and mammals encountered on line transects, local oceanography was characterized by measuring water temperature and salinity continuously at the sea surface, and by taking profiles of the water column on a series of CTD transects. The relative abundance of zooplankton and fish biomass was measured using a dual -frequency echosounder. Significant acoustic targets were sampled with a m id-water trawl net. Long-lines were se t twice to catch and characterize diets of large demersal fish species.
Rosenthal et al. (1981 and 1982) studied the bottomfish component of the nearshore habitats in southeastern Alaska including the Sitka Sound area during the summers of 1980 and 1981, allowing comparisons of our findings to those from the earlier works. There are no previous surveys for seabirds or marine mammals in this area with which we can compare our surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Homer, AK","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Dragoo, D.E., 2005, Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report AMNWR 04/01, vi, 50 p.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sitka Sound, St. Lazaria Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.505126953125,\n 56.71053615360101\n ],\n [\n -135.06591796875,\n 56.71053615360101\n ],\n [\n -135.06591796875,\n 57.33541661439608\n ],\n [\n -136.505126953125,\n 57.33541661439608\n ],\n [\n -136.505126953125,\n 56.71053615360101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df04e4b05ec79911d1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dragoo, Donald E.","contributorId":36782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dragoo","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188418,"text":"70188418 - 2005 - InSAR studies of Alaska volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T16:15:47.832528","indexId":"70188418","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5418,"text":"Korean Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR studies of Alaska volcanoes","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique capable of measuring ground surface deformation with sub-centimeter precision and spatial resolution in tens-ofmeters over a large region. This paper describes basics of InSAR and highlights our studies of Alaskan volcanoes with InSAR images acquired from European ERS-l and ERS-2, Canadian Radarsat-l, and Japanese JERS-l satellites.
","language":"English","publisher":"KoreaScience","doi":"10.7780/kjrs.2005.21.1.59","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Dzurisin, D., and Power, J.A., 2005, InSAR studies of Alaska volcanoes: Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 1, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2005.21.1.59.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.6064453125,\n 50.42951794712287\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 50.42951794712287\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 60.37042901631508\n ],\n [\n -171.6064453125,\n 60.37042901631508\n ],\n [\n -171.6064453125,\n 50.42951794712287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -171.9140625,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -171.9140625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 49.97948776108648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 172.08984375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 54.34214886448341\n ],\n [\n 172.08984375,\n 54.34214886448341\n ],\n [\n 172.08984375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6fce4b0764e6c60216d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Chuck 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":243515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Chuck","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027305,"text":"70027305 - 2005 - Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70027305","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"Here we use Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)-derived elevations and surface characteristics to investigate the Malaspina Glacier of southern Alaska. Although there is significant elevation variability between ICESat tracks on this glacier, we were able to discern general patterns in surface elevation change by using a regional digital elevation model (DEM) as a reference surface. Specifically, we report elevation differences between ICESat Laser 1-3 observations (February 2003 - November 2004) and a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-derived DEM from February 2000. Elevation decreases of up to 20-25 m over a 3-4 year time period were observed across the folded loop moraine on the southern portion of the Malaspina Glacier. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023943","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Sauber, J., Molnia, B., Carabajal, C., Luthcke, S., and Muskett, R., 2005, Ice elevations and surface change on the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 23, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023943.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477851,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023943","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023943"},{"id":235104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37ebe4b0c8380cd612a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauber, J.","contributorId":31540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauber","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molnia, B.","contributorId":49605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carabajal, C.","contributorId":46846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carabajal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luthcke, S.","contributorId":52464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Muskett, R.","contributorId":56121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muskett","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027341,"text":"70027341 - 2005 - The dynamic response of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, to the Hidden Creek Lake outburst flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:21:10","indexId":"70027341","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dynamic response of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, to the Hidden Creek Lake outburst flood","docAbstract":"Glacier sliding is commonly linked with elevated water pressure at the glacier bed. Ice surface motion during a 3 week period encompassing an outburst of ice-dammed Hidden Creek Lake (HCL) at Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, showed enhanced sliding during the flood. Two stakes, 1.2 km from HCL, revealed increased speed in two episodes, both associated with uplift of the ice surface relative to the trajectory of bed-parallel motion. Uplift of the surface began 12 days before the flood, initially stabilizing at a value of 0.25 m. Two days after lake drainage began, further uplift (reaching 0.4 m) occurred while surface speed peaked at 1.2 m d-1. Maximum surface uplift coincided with peak discharge from HCL, high water level in a down-glacier ice-marginal basin, and low solute concentrations in the Kennicott River. Each of these records is consistent with high subglacial water pressure. We interpret the ice surface motion as arising from sliding up backs of bumps on the bed, which enlarges cavities and produces bed separation. The outburst increased water pressure over a broad region, promoting sliding, inhibiting cavity closure, and blocking drainage of solute-rich water from the distributed system. Pressure drop upon termination of the outburst drained water from and depressurized the distributed system, reducing sliding speeds. Expanded cavities then collapsed with a 1 day time-scale set by the local ice thickness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","doi":"10.3189/172756405781813438","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., Walder, J.S., Anderson, S., Trabant, D., and Fountain, A.G., 2005, The dynamic response of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, USA, to the Hidden Creek Lake outburst flood: Annals of Glaciology, v. 40, p. 237-242, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813438.","startPage":"237","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813438","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269195,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813438"}],"volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae8e4b08c986b322abb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R. Scott","contributorId":6983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R. Scott","affiliations":[{"id":7034,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability at Northern Arizona University, in Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":413249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, S.P.","contributorId":59600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trabant, D.C.","contributorId":42209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabant","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027361,"text":"70027361 - 2005 - Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T18:14:02","indexId":"70027361","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":689,"text":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay","docAbstract":"We present evidence that Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus co-occur with harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay, Alaska, and that these sharks scavenge or prey on marine mammals. In 2002, 415 stations were fished throughout Glacier Bay on a systematic sampling grid. Pacific sleeper sharks were caught at 3 of the 415 stations, and at one station a Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis was caught with a fresh bite, identified as the bite of a sleeper shark. All 3 sharks and the shark-bitten halibut were caught at stations near the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet, a glacial fjord with the highest concentration of seals in Glacier Bay. Using a bootstrap technique, we estimated the probability of sampling the sharks (and the shark-bitten halibut) in the vicinity of Johns Hopkins Inlet. If sharks were randomly distributed in Glacier Bay, the probability of sampling all 4 pots at the mouth of Johns Hopkins Inlet was very low (P = 0.00002). The highly non-random distribution of the sleeper sharks located near the largest harbor seal pupping and breeding colony in Glacier Bay suggests that these 2 species co-occur and may interact ecologically in or near Johns Hopkins Inlet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","issn":"10917306","usgsCitation":"Taggart, S.J., Andrews, A., Mondragon, J., and Mathews, E., 2005, Co-occurrence of Pacific sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina in Glacier Bay: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 11, no. 2, p. 113-117.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269522,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/taggv11n2.pdf"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f67ae4b0c8380cd4c7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, A.G.","contributorId":92401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mondragon, Jennifer","contributorId":57580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mondragon","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mathews, E.A.","contributorId":38354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027671,"text":"70027671 - 2005 - Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:50:51","indexId":"70027671","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance sidescan sonar survey in Bristol Bay, Alaska revealed extensive areas of seafloor with features related to walrus foraging. They are similar to those seen in areas such as the outer Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Two types of feature were observed: (a) small (≪1 m diameter) shallow pits, often in clusters ranging in density from 5 pits per hectare to 35 pits per hectare; and, (b) more abundant, narrow, sinuous furrows, typically 5 to 10 m long with some reaching 20 m or more. Most foraging marks were in less than 60 m water depth in areas of sandy seafloor that were smooth, hummocky or characterized by degraded bedforms; the absence of foraging marks in other areas may be related, in part, to their more dynamic nature. The distribution of foraging marks was consistent in a general way with walrus locations from satellite telemetry studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00367-004-0205-y","usgsCitation":"Bornhold, B.D., Jay, C.V., McConnaughey, R., Rathwell, G., Rhynas, K., and Collins, W., 2005, Walrus foraging marks on the seafloor in Bristol Bay, Alaska: A reconnaissance survey: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 25, no. 5, p. 293-299, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-004-0205-y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"299","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -156.5771484375,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 59.65109171169264\n ],\n [\n -162.6416015625,\n 56.18225387824831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3c2e4b08c986b32b381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bornhold, Brian D.","contributorId":18311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bornhold","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConnaughey, Robert","contributorId":124591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConnaughey","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rathwell, Glenda","contributorId":194358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathwell","given":"Glenda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rhynas, Karl","contributorId":32466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhynas","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, William","contributorId":50146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70027833,"text":"70027833 - 2005 - Stress distribution along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027833","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stress distribution along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system","docAbstract":"Tectonic loading and Coulomb stress transfer are modeled along the right-lateral Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system using a threedimensional boundary element program. The loading model includes slip below 12 km along the transform as well as motion of the Pacific plate, and it is consistent with most available Global Positioning System (GPS) displacement rate data. Coulomb stress transfer is shown to have been a weak contributing factor in the failure of the southeastern (Sitka) segment of the Fairweather fault in 1972, hastening the occurrence of the earthquake by only about 8 months. Failure of the Sitka segment was enhanced by a combination of cumulative loading from below (95%) by slip of about 5 cm/yr since 1848, by stress transfer (about 1%) from major earthquakes on straddling segments of the Queen Charlotte fault (M 8.1 in 1949) and the Fairweather fault (M 7.8 in 1958), and by viscoelastic relaxation (about 4%) following the great 1964 Alaska earthquake, modeled by Pollitz et al. (1998). Cumulative stress increases in excess of 7 MPa at a depth of 8 km are projected prior to the M 7.6 earthquake. Coulomb stress transferred by the rupture of the great M 9.2 Alaska earthquake in 1964 (Bufe, 2004a) also hastened the occurrence of the 1972 event, but only by a month or two. Continued tectonic loading over the last half century and stress transfer from the M 7.6 Sitka event has resulted in restressing of the adjacent segments by about 3 MPa at 8 km depth. The occurrence of a M 6.8 earthquake on the northwestern part of the Queen Charlotte fault on 28 June 2004, the largest since 1949, also suggests increased stress. The Cape St. James segment of the fault immediately southeast of the 1949 Queen Charlotte rupture has accumulated about 6 MPa at 8 km through loading since 1900 and stress transfer in 1949. A continued rise in earthquake hazard is indicated for the Alaska panhandle and Queen Charlotte Islands region in the decades ahead as the potential for damaging earthquakes increases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040171","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., 2005, Stress distribution along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 95, no. 5, p. 2001-2008, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040171.","startPage":"2001","endPage":"2008","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040171"},{"id":238109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b55e4b08c986b31cdef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70027851,"text":"70027851 - 2005 - Breeding ecology of Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri in Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T19:50:27","indexId":"70027851","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Breeding ecology of Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri in Northern Alaska","title":"Breeding ecology of Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri in Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"Spectacled Eiders Somateria fischeri were studied on the Colville River delta during 1994-1999, prior to oil field development, to document aspects of breeding biology that are poorly known, especially for northern-nesting populations. Both sexes arrived June 6-12; many males remained for only about 10 days. Density on the 178-km2 study area was 0.48 birds/km 2, comparable to densities reported from extensive surveys in western Alaska and Russia. Wetlands with numerous islands and peninsulas were utilised prior to incubation, a little-studied period. Females spent considerably more time feeding than males (56% vs. 18%). Males travelled, rested and were alert more than females, and actively defended females from intruding males. Whole nest survival was 31% and varied substantially between years, as has been demonstrated in other studies. Brood size showed no detectable decline from hatch about July 10 to mid-August, suggesting low mortality during this period, a sharp contrast with results from a study in a lead-contaminated area of western Alaska in which duckling survival to 30 days post-hatch was 34%. The likelihood of adverse impacts on this threatened species, from oil-related or other activities, can be reduced by industry avoiding areas, throughout the summer, with numerous islands, peninsulas and deep water.
A faunule of silicified hypercalcified \"sphinctozoan\" sponges has been recovered from a clast of Upper Ordovician limestone out of the Early Devonian Karheen Formation on Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska. Included in the faunule are abundant examples of the new genus Girtyocoeliana, represented by Girtyocoeliana epiporata (Rigby and Potter), and Corymbospongia adnata Rigby and Potter, along with rare Corymbospongia amplia n. sp., and Girtyocoelia(?) sp., plus common Amblysiphonella sp. 1 and rare Amblysiphonella(?) sp. 2. The assemblage is similar to that from Ordovician clasts from the eastern Klamath Mountains of northern California. This indicates that the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska is related paleogeographically to the lithologically and paleontologically similar terrane of the eastern Klamath Mountains. This lithology and fossil assemblage of the clast cannot be tied to any currently known local rock units on Prince of Wales Island. Other clasts in the conglomerate appear to have been locally derived, so it is inferred that the limestone clasts were also locally derived, indicating the presence of a previously undocumented Ordovician limestone unit on northern Prince of Wales Island.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Rigby, J., Karl, S.M., Blodgett, R.B., and Baichtal, J., 2005, Ordovician \"sphinctozoan\" sponges from Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, no. 5, p. 862-870, https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"870","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269901,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0862:OSSFPO]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"79","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f45e4b0c8380cd759fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rigby, J.K.","contributorId":40332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigby","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blodgett, R. B.","contributorId":25176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baichtal, J.F.","contributorId":94777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baichtal","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027991,"text":"70027991 - 2005 - Biology and conservation of Xantus's Murrelet: Discovery, taxonomy and distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:07:53","indexId":"70027991","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biology and conservation of Xantus's Murrelet: Discovery, taxonomy and distribution","docAbstract":"The biology of Xantus's Murrelets Synthliboramphus hypoleucus is similar in many respects to better-studied Ancient Murrelets S. antiquus, especially regarding morphology and the species' precocial mode of post-hatching development. It nests mainly in rock crevices but also under shrubs on islands in southern California, United States, and northwestern Baja California, Mexico (27oN to 34oN). The species was discovered in 1859 by Janos Xantus. Two subspecies (S. h. hypoleucus and S. h. scrippsi) are recognized that show limited evidence of interbreeding. At sea, closely related Craveri's Murrelets S. craveri co-occur with Xantus's Murrelets off California and western Baja California during half the year, but the former species has a discrete breeding range in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Breeding was documented at 13 island groups between 1863 and 1976. Post-breeding dispersal as far north as central British Columbia, Canada (c. 52oN) was observed in the 1940s to 1960s. A few Xantus's Murrelets disperse south of breeding colonies to Magdalena Bay, Baja California (c. 24oN). The southernmost record is the type specimen collected by Xantus near Cabo San Lucas, Baja California (c. 23oN). Chief threats to this species include introduced mammalian predators on breeding islands, heightened predation by natural predators in human-modified island habitats, and oil pollution. In January 2005, a Pacific Seabird Group special symposium, \"Biology and conservation of the Xantus's Murrelet,\" highlighted conservation concerns and promoted publication of recent studies of this little-known alcid, with nine symposium papers published in this issue of Marine Ornithology. Much of what we know about Xantus's Murrelets has been learned in recent years, and many aspects of biology remain to be described.
","conferenceTitle":"Xantus’s Murrelet Symposium","conferenceDate":" January 2005","conferenceLocation":"Portland, Oregon","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Seabird Group","issn":"10183337","usgsCitation":"Carter, H., Sealy, S.G., Burkett, E.E., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, Biology and conservation of Xantus's Murrelet: Discovery, taxonomy and distribution: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 33, no. 2, p. 81-87.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?vol=33&no=2","text":"Volume 33, Number 2 on Journal's Website"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f172e4b0c8380cd4ac7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sealy, Spencer G.","contributorId":111386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sealy","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkett, Esther E.","contributorId":174939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burkett","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028257,"text":"70028257 - 2005 - Verification of sex from harvested sea otters using DNA testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:22:18","indexId":"70028257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Verification of sex from harvested sea otters using DNA testing","docAbstract":"We used molecular genetic methods to determine the sex of 138 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) harvested from 3 regions of Alaska from 1994 to 1997, to assess the accuracy of post‐harvest field‐sexing. We also tested each of a series of factors associated with errors in field‐sexing of sea otters, including male or female bias, age‐class bias, regional bias, and bias associated with hunt characteristics. Blind control results indicated that sex was determined with 100% accuracy using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primers that co‐amplify the zinc finger‐Y‐X gene, located on both the mammalian Y‐ and X‐chromosomes, and Testes Determining Factor (TDF), located on the mammalian Y‐chromosome. DNA‐based sexing revealed that 12.3% of the harvested sea otters were incorrectly sexed in the field, with most errors (13 of 17) occurring as males incorrectly reported as females. Thus, female harvest was overestimated. Using logistic regression analysis, we detected no statistical association of incorrect determination of sex in the field with age class, hunt region, or hunt type. The error in field‐sexing appears to be random, at least with respect to the variables evaluated in this study.
We report an observation of Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) encountered 8 to 17 km from the nearest shoreline on Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska, on 30 August 2003. The ptarmigan were observed flying, landing on our research vessel, and landing and taking off from the water surface. We also report on one other observation of ptarmigan sitting on the water surface and other marine observations of ptarmigan from the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database. These observations provide evidence that Willow Ptarmigan are capable of dispersing across large bodies of water and landing and taking off from the water surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/04-074","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Hillgruber, N., Burril, S., St. Peters, M.A., and Wetzel, J.D., 2005, Offshore marine observation of Willow Ptarmigan, including water landings, Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 117, no. 1, p. 12-14, https://doi.org/10.1676/04-074.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/04-074","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim Bay","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6cb8e4b0c8380cd74da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":420100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillgruber, Nicola","contributorId":138856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hillgruber","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burril, Sean E.","contributorId":56183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burril","given":"Sean E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"St. Peters, Michelle A.","contributorId":25744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"St. Peters","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wetzel, Jennifer D.","contributorId":92861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}