The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority, developed and calibrated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool watershed model of the upper Guadalupe River watershed in south-central Texas to simulate streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the watershed and to Canyon Lake for 1995–2010. Model simulations were done to quantify the possible change in water yield of individual subbasins in the upper Guadalupe River watershed as a result of the replacement of ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) with grasslands. The simulation results will serve as a tool for resource managers to guide their brush-management efforts.
\nModel hydrology was calibrated with streamflow data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 08167500 Guadalupe River near Spring Branch, Tex., for 1995–2010. Simulated monthly streamflow showed very good agreement with measured monthly streamflow: a percent bias of -5, a coefficient of determination of 0.91, and a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency of 0.85.
\nModified land-cover input datasets were generated for the model in order to simulate the replacement of ashe juniper with grasslands in 23 brush-management subbasins in the watershed. Each of the 23 simulations showed an increase in simulated water yields in the targeted subbasins and to Canyon Lake. The simulated increases in average annual water yields in the subbasins ranged from 6,370 to 119,000 gallons per acre of ashe juniper replaced with grasslands with an average of 38,900 gallons. The simulated increases in average annual water yields to Canyon Lake from upstream subbasins ranged from 6,640 to 72,700 gallons per acre of ashe juniper replaced with grasslands with an average of 34,700 gallons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and the Upper Guadalupe River Authority","usgsCitation":"Bumgarner, J.R., and Thompson, F.E., 2012, Simulation of streamflow and the effects of brush management on water yields in the upper Guadalupe River watershed, south-central Texas, 1995-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5051, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125051.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5051.gif"},{"id":246882,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Texas Centric Mapping System?Albers Equal Equal Area Projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bandera County, Blanco County, Comal County, Gillespie County, Kendall County, Kerr County, Real County","city":"Kerrville","otherGeospatial":"Guadalupe River, Canyon Dam, Canyon Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -10,28.5 ], [ -10,30.5 ], [ -97,30.5 ], [ -97,28.5 ], [ -10,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b908de4b08c986b319584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bumgarner, Johnathan R. jbumgarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"Johnathan","email":"jbumgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Florence E. fethomps@usgs.gov","contributorId":3612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Florence","email":"fethomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037928,"text":"sim3198 - 2012 - Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"sim3198","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3198","title":"Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) created bathymetric-contour and water-velocity vector maps for portions of Lake Herrington within 600 feet of the face of Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky. The mapping was in support of a study of noninvasive acoustic technology for assessing structural integrity of dams, both as a routine inspection tool or as an emergency tool during hydrologic events, such as high water or flooding. In April 2010, scientists from the USGS used a boat-mounted transducer and echo sounder to obtain bathymetric data to characterize lakebed relief and sediment distribution under a closed-intake condition. Also in April 2010, an acoustic Doppler current profiler was employed to measure water velocity and flow direction in the lake to locate velocities moving toward the dam face and, possibly, dam leakage. \r\nThe bathymetric survey showed the present condition of fill in the reservoir since the dam was completed, as well as provided an outline of the lake floor. The velocity survey indicated no discernible flow pattern or direction within the study area; only one transect had shown a difference from the others that was noticeable. The noninvasive acoustic bathymetric and velocity surveys used during the case study showed promise in locating potential dam or intake maintenance areas. Additional case studies throughout the Nation are needed to more clearly define whether the methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for dam safety will be successful in a variety of settings.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kentucky Utilities Company","usgsCitation":"Ruby, A.T., 2012, Methods for noninvasive bathymetric and velocity surveys for impoundment safety--A case study of Herrington Lake at Dix Dam near Burgin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3198, 1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 32 inches x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3198.","productDescription":"1 Sheet; Sheet 1: 32 inches x 26 inches","temporalStart":"2010-04-06","temporalEnd":"2010-04-08","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3198.gif"},{"id":246885,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic Projection NAD83","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Burgin","otherGeospatial":"Herrington Lake;Dix Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.76666666666667,37.733333333333334 ], [ -84.76666666666667,37.833333333333336 ], [ -84.65,37.833333333333336 ], [ -84.65,37.733333333333334 ], [ -84.76666666666667,37.733333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c5e4b0c8380cd6d29e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruby, A. Thomas III","contributorId":48270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruby","given":"A.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037914,"text":"ofr20121057 - 2012 - Time scales of change in chemical and biological parameters after engineered levee breaches adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"ofr20121057","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1057","title":"Time scales of change in chemical and biological parameters after engineered levee breaches adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon","docAbstract":"Eight sampling trips were coordinated after engineered levee breaches hydrologically reconnected both Upper Klamath Lake and Agency Lake, Oregon, to adjacent wetlands. The reconnection, by a series of explosive blasts, was coordinated by The Nature Conservancy to reclaim wetlands that had for approximately seven decades been leveed for crop production. Sets of nonmetallic porewater profilers (U.S. Patent 8,051,727 B1; November 8, 2011; http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/patog/ week45/OG/html/1372-2/US08051727-20111108.html.) were deployed during these trips in November 2007, June 2008, May 2009, July 2009, May 2010, August 2010, June 2011, and July 2011 (table 1). Deployments temporally spanned the annual cyanophyte bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and spatially involved three lake and four wetland sites. Spatial and temporal variation in solute benthic flux was determined by the field team, using the profilers, over an approximately 4-year period beginning 3 days after the levee breaches. The highest flux to the water column of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was detected in the newly flooded wetland, contrasting negative or insignificant DOC fluxes at adjacent lake sites. Over the multiyear study, DOC benthic fluxes dissipated in the reconnected wetlands, converging to values similar to those for established wetlands and to the adjacent lake (table 2). In contrast to DOC, benthic sources of soluble reactive phosphorus, ammonium, dissolved iron and manganese from within the reconnected wetlands were consistently elevated (that is, significant in magnitude relative to riverine and established-wetland sources) indicating a multi-year time scale for certain chemical changes after the levee breaches (table 2). Colonization of the reconnected wetlands by aquatic benthic invertebrates during the study trended toward the assemblages in established wetlands, providing further evidence of a multiyear transition of this area to permanent aquatic habitat (table 3). Both the lake and wetland benthic environments substantively contribute to macro- and micronutrients in the water column. Wetland areas undergoing restoration, and those being used for water storage, function very differently relatively to the established wetland within the Upper Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuge, adjacent Upper Klamath Lake. Developing long-term management strategies for water quality in the Upper Klamath Basin requires recognition of the multi-year time scales associated with restoring wetlands that provide natural, seasonal ecosystem function and services.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Wood, T.M., Parcheso, F., Cameron, J.M., Asbill, J.R., Carlson, R.A., and Fend, S.V., 2012, Time scales of change in chemical and biological parameters after engineered levee breaches adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1057, iv, 26 p.; Tables 1-8 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121057.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.; Tables 1-8 Download","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-11-01","temporalEnd":"2011-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":340,"text":"Hydrologic Research and Development Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246869,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":246873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1057.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake;Agency Lake;Wood River;Spring Creek;Williamson River;Sprague River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.75 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.75 ], [ -121.66666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -122.16666666666667,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3ace4b08c986b325f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cameron, Jason M.","contributorId":71289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Asbill, Jessica R.","contributorId":39896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbill","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carlson, Rick A.","contributorId":7542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70037906,"text":"ds666 - 2012 - Hydrologic, vegetation, and soil data collected in selected wetlands of the Big River Management area, Rhode Island, from 2008 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-26T08:37:29","indexId":"ds666","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"666","title":"Hydrologic, vegetation, and soil data collected in selected wetlands of the Big River Management area, Rhode Island, from 2008 through 2010","docAbstract":"The Rhode Island Water Resources Board planned to develop public water-supply wells in the Big River Management Area in Kent County, Rhode Island. Research in the United States and abroad indicates that groundwater withdrawal has the potential to affect wetland hydrology and related processes. In May 2008, the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Rhode Island formed a partnership to establish baseline conditions at selected Big River wetland study sites and to develop an approach for monitoring potential impacts once pumping begins. In 2008 and 2009, baseline data were collected on the hydrology, vegetation, and soil characteristics at five forested wetland study sites in the Big River Management Area. Four of the sites were located in areas of potential drawdown associated with the projected withdrawals. The fifth site was located outside the area of projected drawdown and served as a control site. The data collected during this study are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds666","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Borenstein, M.S., Golet, F.C., Armstrong, D.S., Breault, R., McCobb, T.D., and Weiskel, P.K., 2012, Hydrologic, vegetation, and soil data collected in selected wetlands of the Big River Management area, Rhode Island, from 2008 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 666, vi, 8 p.; Figures; Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds666.","productDescription":"vi, 8 p.; Figures; Tables Download","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_666.gif"},{"id":246859,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/ds666/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Big River Management Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.7,41.56777777777778 ], [ -71.7,41.7 ], [ -71.55,41.7 ], [ -71.55,41.56777777777778 ], [ -71.7,41.56777777777778 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a369fe4b0c8380cd60867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borenstein, Meredith S.","contributorId":25020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borenstein","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golet, Francis C.","contributorId":83771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golet","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breault, Robert F. 0000-0002-2517-407X rbreault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-407X","contributorId":2219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breault","given":"Robert F.","email":"rbreault@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCobb, Timothy D. 0000-0003-1533-847X tmccobb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":2012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"Timothy","email":"tmccobb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037898,"text":"sir20125039 - 2012 - Flooded area and plant zonation in isolated wetlands in well fields in the Northern Tampa Bay Region, Florida, following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125039","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T08:31:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5039","title":"Flooded area and plant zonation in isolated wetlands in well fields in the Northern Tampa Bay Region, Florida, following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates","docAbstract":"The extent and duration of the flooded area were compared in two reference wetlands and nine wetlands in well fields in the northern Tampa Bay region, Florida, to determine whether reductions in well-field groundwater-withdrawal rates resulted in increases in wetland flooded area. Flooded area, expressed as a percentage of the total wetland area, was used to provide a quantitative and comparable line of evidence for describing the hydrologic conditions in isolated wetlands of different sizes and locations.
\nFlooded-area frequencies were quantified for periods with different groundwater-withdrawal rates that bracket reductions in well-field groundwater withdrawals. Four-year pre-reduction and post-reduction periods were applied to wetlands in Cypress Creek and Cross Bar Ranch well fields, whereas 3-year periods were applied to wetlands in Starkey well field. The reduced groundwater-withdrawal rates in Cypress Creek and Cross Bar Ranch well fields were 30 and 24 percent less than their pre-reduction rates, respectively. The reduced groundwater-withdrawal rate in the Starkey well field was 64 percent less. Total rainfall amounts were similar (differed by 1 percent or less) in the respective pre- and post-reduction periods, which minimized the effect that rainfall variability had on the analysis. Flooded-area patterns at the reference wetlands, which were unaffected by groundwater withdrawals, were similar during pre- and post-reduction periods, indicating that short-term rainfall variability within those periods did not affect the longer-term patterns of flooded-area extent and duration.
\nOne well-field wetland (W-33) experienced an extent and duration of flooded area similar to that observed at the reference wetlands. About 61–100 percent of W-33 was flooded 41 percent of the time during the pre-reduction period and 45 percent of the time in the post-reduction period. The amount of time the wetland was dry decreased from 40 percent in the pre-reduction period to 26 percent in the post-reduction period. The median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer increased beneath this wetland by about 4 feet after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates.
\nFour well-field wetlands (W-17, W-56, Starkey N, and Starkey 108) had substantial increases in the extent and duration of the flooded area after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. These four wetlands were dry for 25–45 percent less time during the post-reduction period, when the pre- and post-reduction periods were compared. Up to 20 percent of W-56 was flooded more than three times as long after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. All parts of W-17 were flooded for as much as 10 percent of the time in the post-reduction period. Parts of Starkey N and Starkey 108 were flooded for more than twice as much time after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. The median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer was about 4–8 feet higher beneath W-17 and W-56 after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates, whereas the median elevation increased beneath Starkey N and Starkey 108 by about 4 feet after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates.
\nFour other well-field wetlands (W-41, Q-1, Starkey D, and Starkey E) were mostly dry before reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates and remained mostly dry after the reductions. W-41 was dry 23 percent less time in the post-reduction period, but most of the increase in flooded area was confined to less than 20 percent of the total wetland area. Q-1 was dry for only 12 percent less time in the post-reduction period. The median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer increased beneath W-41 by about 5 feet and beneath Q-1 by about 2 feet after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. The extent and duration of the flooded area was unchanged at Starkey D when the post-reduction period was compared to the pre-reduction period. At Starkey E the extent of the flooded area decreased slightly during the post-reduction period. Even though groundwater-withdrawal rates at Starkey well field decreased in the post-reduction period, the median elevation of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer did not increase beneath Starkey D and Starkey E after reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates from this well field. Factors such as the high permeability of sediments beneath the wetlands, subsidence, or sinkholes could contribute to continued downward leakage from these four wetlands and the lack of recovery of wetland water levels.
\nPlant zonation in the two reference wetlands and the nine well-field wetlands was described using data collected by the Southwest Florida Water Management District and Tampa Bay Water, a regional utility, in their Wetland Assessment Procedure (WAP). A scoring system was used to describe the distribution of trees, woody shrubs, and groundcover in zones at three depths along a transect line through each wetland. The locations of the three zones were identified on contoured wetland bathymetry maps and were discussed in relation to areas of the wetland bottom that flooded for different periods of time during the study. Higher scores are characteristic of a greater extent and duration of wetland flooded area.
\nWAP scores and weighted average scores for wetland vegetation were generally consistent with the results of the flooded area analysis. The WAP scores and weighted average scores were higher overall and did not decline with time at four wetlands in well fields (W-33, W-56, Starkey N, and Starkey 108) during the years following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates. These four wetlands also had increases in the extent and duration of the flooded area during the post-reduction period. Scores for trees were more consistent than scores for shrubs and groundcover. WAP scores remained relatively low or generally declined at five well-field wetlands (Q-1, W-17, W-41, Starkey D, and Starkey E) during the years following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates, and weighted average scores either declined over time or remained low. These five wetlands either did not have an increase in the extent and duration of the flooded area, or if there was an increase, it was small.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tampa Bay Water","usgsCitation":"Haag, K.H., and Pfeiffer, W.R., 2012, Flooded area and plant zonation in isolated wetlands in well fields in the Northern Tampa Bay Region, Florida, following reductions in groundwater-withdrawal rates: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5039, ix, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125039.","productDescription":"ix, 39 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5039.jpg"},{"id":246850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.83333333333333,27.666666666666668 ], [ -82.83333333333333,28.666666666666668 ], [ -81.83333333333333,28.666666666666668 ], [ -81.83333333333333,27.666666666666668 ], [ -82.83333333333333,27.666666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1173e4b0c8380cd53fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haag, Kim H. khhaag@usgs.gov","contributorId":381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haag","given":"Kim","email":"khhaag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pfeiffer, William R. wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"William","email":"wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":462993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037875,"text":"70037875 - 2012 - Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured-rock aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T11:58:06","indexId":"70037875","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-26T12:08:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured-rock aquifer","docAbstract":"Rates of trichloroethene (TCE) mass transformed by naturally occurring biodegradation processes in a fractured rock aquifer underlying a former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) site in West Trenton, New Jersey, were estimated. The methodology included (1) dividing the site into eight elements of equal size and vertically integrating observed concentrations of two daughter products of TCE biodegradation–cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and chloride–using water chemistry data from a network of 88 observation wells; (2) summing the molar mass of cis-DCE, the first biodegradation product of TCE, to provide a probable underestimate of reductive biodegradation of TCE, (3) summing the molar mass of chloride, the final product of chlorinated ethene degradation, to provide a probable overestimate of overall biodegradation. Finally, lower and higher estimates of aquifer porosities and groundwater residence times were used to estimate a range of overall transformation rates. The highest TCE transformation rates estimated using this procedure for the combined overburden and bedrock aquifers was 945 kg/yr, and the lowest was 37 kg/yr. However, hydrologic considerations suggest that approximately 100 to 500 kg/yr is the probable range for overall TCE transformation rates in this system. Estimated rates of TCE transformation were much higher in shallow overburden sediments (approximately 100 to 500 kg/yr) than in the deeper bedrock aquifer (approximately 20 to 0.15 kg/yr), which reflects the higher porosity and higher contaminant mass present in the overburden. By way of comparison, pump-and-treat operations at the NAWC site are estimated to have removed between 1,073 and 1,565 kg/yr of TCE between 1996 and 2009.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remediation Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/rem.21307","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Lacombe, P., and Bradley, P.M., 2012, Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured-rock aquifer: Remediation Journal, v. 22, no. 2, p. 7-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21307.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":246814,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21307","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Warfare Center","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aa5e4b0c8380cd5240c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037874,"text":"fs20123040 - 2012 - The Cottonwood Lake study area, a long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:06:10","indexId":"fs20123040","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3040","title":"The Cottonwood Lake study area, a long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring site","docAbstract":"The Cottonwood Lake study area is one of only three long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring sites in the prairie pothole region of North America; the other two are Orchid Meadows in South Dakota and St. Denis in Saskatchewan. Of the three, Cottonwood Lake has, by far, the longest continuous data-collection record. Research was initiated at the study area in 1966, and intensive investigations of the hydrology, chemistry, and biology of prairie pothole wetlands continue at the site today. This fact sheet describes the study area, provides an overview of wetland ecology research that has been conducted at the site in the past, and provides an introduction to current work being conducted at the study area by USGS scientists.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123040","collaboration":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., and Euliss, N.H., 2012, The Cottonwood Lake study area, a long-term wetland ecosystem monitoring site: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3040, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123040.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3040.gif"},{"id":246806,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104,45.916666666666664 ], [ -104,49 ], [ -97,49 ], [ -97,45.916666666666664 ], [ -104,45.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6f2e4b08c986b3212f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037842,"text":"fs20113129 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20113129","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3129","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113129","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Walker, J.F., Westenbroek, S.M., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3129, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113129.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3129.gif"},{"id":246746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7ae4b08c986b32e908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westenbroek, Steven M.","contributorId":44016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037841,"text":"fs20113128 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Cathance Stream Basin, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"fs20113128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3128","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Cathance Stream Basin, Maine","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Cathance Stream Basin, Maine.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113128","usgsCitation":"Dudley, R.W., Hay, L.E., Markstrom, S., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Cathance Stream Basin, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3128, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113128.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3128.gif"},{"id":246745,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Cathance Stream Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.48333333333333,44.85 ], [ -67.48333333333333,45.016666666666666 ], [ -67.26666666666667,45.016666666666666 ], [ -67.26666666666667,44.85 ], [ -67.48333333333333,44.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7be4b08c986b32e90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037840,"text":"fs20113127 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Clear Creek Basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"fs20113127","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T14:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3127","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Clear Creek Basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Clear Creek Basin, near Coralville, Iowa.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113124","usgsCitation":"Chase, K.J., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--South Fork Flathead River Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3124, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113124.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3124.gif"},{"id":246741,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Flathead River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.08333333333333,47.166666666666664 ], [ -114.08333333333333,48.416666666666664 ], [ -112.91666666666667,48.416666666666664 ], [ -112.91666666666667,47.166666666666664 ], [ -114.08333333333333,47.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf82e4b08c986b32e938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037833,"text":"fs20113123 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Naches River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"fs20113123","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T13:32:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3123","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Naches River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
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\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Sprague River Basin near Chiloquin, Oregon.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113120","usgsCitation":"Risley, J., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Sprague River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3120, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113120.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3120.gif"},{"id":246737,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3120/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Chiloquin","otherGeospatial":"Sprague River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.83333333333333,42.166666666666664 ], [ -121.83333333333333,42.95 ], [ -120.78333333333333,42.95 ], [ -120.78333333333333,42.166666666666664 ], [ -121.83333333333333,42.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf83e4b08c986b32e93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John","contributorId":38128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037828,"text":"fs20113119 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Trout Lake Basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"fs20113119","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T12:48:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3119","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Trout Lake Basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Trout River Basin at Trout Lake in northern Wisconsin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113119","usgsCitation":"Walker, J.F., Hunt, R.J., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Trout Lake Basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3119, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113119.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3119.gif"},{"id":246732,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Trout Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.70083333333334,45.967777777777776 ], [ -89.70083333333334,46.100833333333334 ], [ -89.55,46.100833333333334 ], [ -89.55,45.967777777777776 ], [ -89.70083333333334,45.967777777777776 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf84e4b08c986b32e947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037827,"text":"fs20113118 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Starkweather Coulee Basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"fs20113118","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T12:37:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3118","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Starkweather Coulee Basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113118","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Starkweather Coulee Basin, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3118, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113118.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3118.gif"},{"id":246731,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Webster","otherGeospatial":"Starkweather Coulee Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.96666666666667,48.3 ], [ -98.96666666666667,48.81666666666667 ], [ -98.63333333333334,48.81666666666667 ], [ -98.63333333333334,48.3 ], [ -98.96666666666667,48.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf84e4b08c986b32e941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037826,"text":"fs20113117 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Yampa River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:59:00","indexId":"fs20113117","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T12:17:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3117","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Yampa River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
\r\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Yampa River Basin at Steamboat Springs, Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113117","usgsCitation":"Hay, L.E., Battaglin, W.A., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Yampa River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3117, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113117.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3117.gif"},{"id":246730,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Steamboat Springs","otherGeospatial":"Yampa River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.18333333333334,39.96666666666667 ], [ -107.18333333333334,40.21666666666667 ], [ -106.65,40.21666666666667 ], [ -106.65,39.96666666666667 ], [ -107.18333333333334,39.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf85e4b08c986b32e94d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037825,"text":"fs20113116 - 2012 - Watershed scale response to climate change--Flint River Basin, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T11:21:40","indexId":"fs20113116","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-19T12:01:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3116","title":"Watershed scale response to climate change--Flint River Basin, Georgia","docAbstract":"General Circulation Model simulations of future climate through 2099 project a wide range of possible scenarios. To determine the sensitivity and potential effect of long-term climate change on the freshwater resources of the United States, the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change study, \"An integrated watershed scale response to global change in selected basins across the United States\" was started in 2008. The long-term goal of this national study is to provide the foundation for hydrologically based climate change studies across the nation.
\nFourteen basins for which the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System has been calibrated and evaluated were selected as study sites. Precipitation Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed parameter watershed model developed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, temperature, and land use on streamflow and general basin hydrology. Output from five General Circulation Model simulations and four emission scenarios were used to develop an ensemble of climate-change scenarios for each basin. These ensembles were simulated with the corresponding Precipitation Runoff Modeling System model. This fact sheet summarizes the hydrologic effect and sensitivity of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System simulations to climate change for the Flint River Basin at Montezuma, Georgia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113116","usgsCitation":"Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2012, Watershed scale response to climate change--Flint River Basin, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3116, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113116.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3116.gif"},{"id":246729,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Montezuma","otherGeospatial":"Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.75,32.266666666666666 ], [ -84.75,33.666666666666664 ], [ -83.93333333333334,33.666666666666664 ], [ -83.93333333333334,32.266666666666666 ], [ -84.75,32.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf7fe4b08c986b32e923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037816,"text":"sir20115077 - 2012 - Integrated watershed-scale response to climate change for selected basins across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20115077","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5077","title":"Integrated watershed-scale response to climate change for selected basins across the United States","docAbstract":"A study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated the hydrologic response to different projected carbon emission scenarios of the 21st century using a hydrologic simulation model. This study involved five major steps: (1) setup, calibrate and evaluated the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model in 14 basins across the United States by local USGS personnel; (2) acquire selected simulated carbon emission scenarios from the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; (3) statistical downscaling of these scenarios to create PRMS input files which reflect the future climatic conditions of these scenarios; (4) generate PRMS projections for the carbon emission scenarios for the 14 basins; and (5) analyze the modeled hydrologic response. This report presents an overview of this study, details of the methodology, results from the 14 basin simulations, and interpretation of these results. A key finding is that the hydrological response of the different geographical regions of the United States to potential climate change may be different, depending on the dominant physical processes of that particular region. Also considered is the tremendous amount of uncertainty present in the carbon emission scenarios and how this uncertainty propagates through the hydrologic simulations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115077","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., Hay, L.E., Ward-Garrison, D.C., Risley, J.C., Battaglin, W.A., Bjerklie, D.M., Chase, K.J., Christiansen, D.E., Dudley, R.W., Hunt, R.J., Koczot, K.M., Mastin, M.C., Regan, R.S., Viger, R., Vining, K.C., and Walker, J.F., 2012, Integrated watershed-scale response to climate change for selected basins across the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5077, x, 134 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115077.","productDescription":"x, 134 p.; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5077.gif"},{"id":246717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5077/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c70e4b0c8380cd62d31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward-Garrison, D. Christian","contributorId":90606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward-Garrison","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Christiansen, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6108-2247 dechrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-2247","contributorId":366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Daniel","email":"dechrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Regan, R. Steven 0000-0003-4803-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":87237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Viger, Roland J.","contributorId":97528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70037800,"text":"fs20123019 - 2012 - Science to support the understanding of south Texas surface-water and groundwater resources in a changing landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:17:39","indexId":"fs20123019","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3019","title":"Science to support the understanding of south Texas surface-water and groundwater resources in a changing landscape","docAbstract":"Against a backdrop of constant cycles of extreme hydrologic conditions ranging from oppressive droughts to life-threatening floods, the water-resource landscape of south Texas is undergoing constant change. Demands on water resources are increasing because of changes related to population growth, energy demands, agricultural practices, and other human-related activities. In south Texas, the Nueces, San Antonio, and Guadalupe River Basins cover approximately 50,000 square miles and include all or part of 45 counties. These stream systems transect the faulted and fractured carbonate rocks of the Edwards aquifer recharge zone and provide the largest sources of recharge to the aquifer. As the streams make their way to the Gulf of Mexico, they provide water for communities and ecosystems in south Texas and deliver water, sediment, and nutrients to the south Texas bays and estuaries.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works in cooperation with other local, State, and Federal agencies to provide timely access to water data, publications, and information to foster a better understanding of the water resources of south Texas. The USGS and our cooperators are involved in a wide variety of programs for collecting hydrologic data and scientific information in the changing landscape of south Texas to help our cooperators effectively address water-resource issues in this part of the State. This fact sheet provides an overview of our collaborative scientific endeavors in the basins of the Nueces, San Antonio, and Guadalupe Rivers and lower Rio Grande. An overview of USGS capabilities pertaining to water resource issues in Texas, including recently completed and ongoing studies in south Texas, is available at http://tx.usgs.gov/Capabilities/index.html.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123019","usgsCitation":"Ockerman, D.J., Garcia, T.J., and Opsahl, S.P., 2012, Science to support the understanding of south Texas surface-water and groundwater resources in a changing landscape: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3019, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123019.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3019.gif"},{"id":246671,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Texas Albers","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"South Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,25.75 ], [ -96,30 ], [ -101,30 ], [ -101,25.75 ], [ -96,25.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b877be4b08c986b3164e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Travis J.","contributorId":26173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037796,"text":"sir20115227 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater conditions and streamflow depletion to evaluate water availability in a Freeport, Maine, watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20115227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5227","title":"Simulation of groundwater conditions and streamflow depletion to evaluate water availability in a Freeport, Maine, watershed","docAbstract":"In order to evaluate water availability in the State of Maine, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Maine Geological Survey began a cooperative investigation to provide the first rigorous evaluation of watersheds deemed \"at risk\" because of the combination of instream flow requirements and proportionally large water withdrawals. The study area for this investigation includes the Harvey and Merrill Brook watersheds and the Freeport aquifer in the towns of Freeport, Pownal, and Yarmouth, Maine. A numerical groundwater- flow model was used to evaluate groundwater withdrawals, groundwater-surface-water interactions, and the effect of water-management practices on streamflow. The water budget illustrates the effect that groundwater withdrawals have on streamflow and the movement of water within the system. Streamflow measurements were made following standard USGS techniques, from May through September 2009 at one site in the Merrill Brook watershed and four sites in the Harvey Brook watershed. A record-extension technique was applied to estimate long-term monthly streamflows at each of the five sites. The conceptual model of the groundwater system consists of a deep, confined aquifer (the Freeport aquifer) in a buried valley that trends through the middle of the study area, covered by a discontinuous confining unit, and topped by a thin upper saturated zone that is a mixture of sandy units, till, and weathered clay. Harvey and Merrill Brooks flow southward through the study area, and receive groundwater discharge from the upper saturated zone and from the deep aquifer through previously unknown discontinuities in the confining unit. The Freeport aquifer gets most of its recharge from local seepage around the edges of the confining unit, the remainder is received as inflow from the north within the buried valley. Groundwater withdrawals from the Freeport aquifer in the study area were obtained from the local water utility and estimated for other categories. Overall, the public-supply withdrawals (105.5 million gallons per year (Mgal/yr)) were much greater than those for any other category, being almost 7 times greater than all domestic well withdrawals (15.3 Mgal/yr). Industrial withdrawals in the study area (2.0 Mgal/yr) are mostly by a company that withdraws from an aquifer at the edge of the Merrill Brook watershed. Commercial withdrawals are very small (1.0 Mgal/yr), and no irrigation or other agricultural withdrawals were identified in this study area. A three-dimensional, steady-state groundwater-flow model was developed to evaluate stream-aquifer interactions and streamflow depletion from pumping, to help refine the conceptual model, and to predict changes in streamflow resulting from changes in pumping and recharge. Groundwater levels and flow in the Freeport aquifer study area were simulated with the three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow modeling code, MODFLOW-2005. Study area hydrology was simulated with a 3-layer model, under steady-state conditions. The groundwater model was used to evaluate changes that could occur in the water budgets of three parts of the local hydrologic system (the Harvey Brook watershed, the Merrill Brook watershed, and the buried aquifer from which pumping occurs) under several different climatic and pumping scenarios. The scenarios were (1) no pumping well withdrawals; (2) current (2009) pumping, but simulated drought conditions (20-percent reduction in recharge); (3) current (2009) recharge, but a 50-percent increase in pumping well withdrawals for public supply; and (4) drought conditions and increased pumping combined. In simulated drought situations, the overall recharge to the buried valley is about 15 percent less and the total amount of streamflow in the model area is reduced by about 19 percent. Without pumping, infiltration to the buried valley aquifer around the confining unit decreased by a small amount (0.05 million gallons per day (Mgal/d)), and discharge to the streams increased by about 8 percent (0.3 Mgal/d). A 50-percent increase in pumping resulted in a simulated decrease in streamflow discharge of about 4 percent (0.14 Mgal/d). Streamflow depletion in Harvey Brook was evaluated by use of the numerical groundwater-flow model and an analytical model. The analytical model estimated negligible depletion from Harvey Brook under current (2009) pumping conditions, whereas the numerical model estimated that flow to Harvey Brook decreased 0.38 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) because of the pumping well withdrawals. A sensitivity analysis of the analytical model method showed that conducting a cursory evaluation using an analytical model of streamflow depletion using available information may result in a very wide range in results, depending on how well the hydraulic conductivity variables and aquifer geometry of the system are known, and how well the aquifer fits the assumptions of the model. Using the analytical model to evaluate the streamflow depletion with an incomplete understanding of the hydrologic system gave results that seem unlikely to reflect actual streamflow depletion in the Freeport aquifer study area. In contrast, the groundwater-flow model was a more robust method of evaluating the amount of streamflow depletion that results from withdrawals in the Freeport aquifer, and could be used to evaluate streamflow depletion in both streams. Simulations of streamflow without pumping for each measurement site were compared to the calibratedmodel streamflow (with pumping), the difference in the total being streamflow depletion. Simulations without pumping resulted in a simulated increase in the steady-state flow rate of 0.38 ft3/s in Harvey Brook and 0.01 ft3/s in Merrill Brook. This translates into a streamflow-depletion amount equal to about 8.5 percent of the steady-state base flow in Harvey Brook, and an unmeasurable amount of depletion in Merrill Brook. If pumping was increased by 50 percent and recharge reduced by 20 percent, the amount of streamflow depletion in Harvey Brook could reach 1.41 ft3/s.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., and Locke, D., 2012, Simulation of groundwater conditions and streamflow depletion to evaluate water availability in a Freeport, Maine, watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5227, viii, 57 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115227.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5227.gif"},{"id":246661,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 19N","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Freeport","otherGeospatial":"Harvey Brook;Merrill Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.2,43.8 ], [ -70.2,43.9 ], [ -70.11666666666666,43.9 ], [ -70.11666666666666,43.8 ], [ -70.2,43.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9060e4b08c986b319484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, Daniel B.","contributorId":93741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Daniel B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037788,"text":"ofr20121044 - 2012 - In situ optical water-quality sensor networks - Workshop summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:33","indexId":"ofr20121044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1044","title":"In situ optical water-quality sensor networks - Workshop summary report","docAbstract":"Advanced in situ optical water-quality sensors and new techniques for data analysis hold enormous promise for furthering scientific understanding of aquatic systems. These sensors measure important biogeochemical parameters for long deployments, enabling the capture of data at time scales over which they vary most meaningfully. The high-frequency, real-time water-quality data they generate provide opportunities for early warning of water-quality deterioration, trend detection, and science-based decision support. However, developing networks of optical sensors in freshwater systems that report reliable and comparable data across and between sites remains a challenge to the research and monitoring community. To address this, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) convened a joint 3-day workshop (June 8-10, 2011) at the National Conservation Training Center in Shepardstown, West Virginia, to explore ways to coordinate development of standards and applications for optical sensors, and improve handling, storing, and analyzing the continuous data they produce. The workshop brought together more than 60 scientists, program managers, and vendors from universities, government agencies, and the private sector. Several important outcomes emerged from the presentations and breakout sessions. There was general consensus that making intercalibrated measurements requires that both manufacturers and users better characterize and calibrate the sensors under field conditions. For example, the influence of suspended particles, highly colored water, and temperature on optical sensors remains poorly understood, but consistently accounting for these factors is critical to successful deployment and for interpreting results in different settings. This, in turn, highlights the lack of appropriate standards for sensor calibrations, field checks, and characterizing interferences, as well as methods for data validation, treatment, and analysis of resulting measurements. Participants discussed a wide range of logistical considerations for successful sensor deployments, including key physical infrastructure, data loggers, and remote-communication techniques. Tools to manage, assure, and control quality, and explore large streams of continuous water-quality data are being developed by the USGS, CUAHSI, and other organizations, and will be critical to making full use of these highfrequency data for research and monitoring.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc., Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., and Horsburgh, J.S., 2012, In situ optical water-quality sensor networks - Workshop summary report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1044, iv, 7 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121044.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1044.png"},{"id":246659,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39a8e4b0c8380cd619cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horsburgh, Jeffery S.","contributorId":101496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horsburgh","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}