{"pageNumber":"169","pageRowStart":"4200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10956,"records":[{"id":70009639,"text":"70009639 - 2012 - Evidence for population bottlenecks and subtle genetic structure in the yellow rail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-12T01:01:38","indexId":"70009639","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for population bottlenecks and subtle genetic structure in the yellow rail","docAbstract":"The Yellow Rail (Coturnicops noveboracencis) is among the most enigmatic and least studied North American birds. Nesting exclusively in marshes and wetlands, it breeds largely east of the Rocky Mountains in the northern United States and Canada, but there is an isolated population in southern Oregon once believed extirpated. The degree of connectivity of the Oregon population with the main population is unknown. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) and six microsatellite loci to characterize the Yellow Rail's genetic structure and diversity patterns in six areas. Our mtDNA-based analyses of genetic structure identified significant population differentiation, but pairwise comparison of regions identified no clear geographic trends. In contrast, microsatellites suggested subtle genetic structure differentiating the Oregon population from those in the five regions sampled in the Yellow Rail's main breeding range. The genetic diversity of the Oregon population was also the lowest of the six regions sampled, and Oregon was one of three regions that demonstrated evidence of recent population bottlenecks. Factors that produced population reductions may include loss of wetlands to development and agricultural conversion, drought, and wildfire. At this time, we are unable to determine if the high percentage (50%) of populations having experienced bottlenecks is representative of the Yellow Rail's entire range. Further genetic data from additional breeding populations will be required for this issue to be addressed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1525/cond.2012.110055","usgsCitation":"Popper, K.J., Miller, L.F., Green, M., Haig, S.M., and Mullins, T.D., 2012, Evidence for population bottlenecks and subtle genetic structure in the yellow rail: The Condor, v. 114, no. 1, p. 100-112, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110055.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474508,"rank":10001,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438817,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KBUXFT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nuclear microsatellite genotypes of six populations of yellow rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) sampled 2005-2008"},{"id":254744,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2012.110055","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"114","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4de4b0c8380cd52f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Popper, Kenneth J.","contributorId":56114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popper","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Leonard F.","contributorId":15898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Michael","contributorId":71066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70038347,"text":"sim3208 - 2012 - Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, July 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-15T01:01:40","indexId":"sim3208","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3208","title":"Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, July 2011","docAbstract":"The part of the Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County was developed to supply water to the city of Wichita and for irrigation in south-central Kansas. The 165 square-mile study area represents about 12 percent of the 1,400 square-mile Equus Beds aquifer and accounts for about one-third of the withdrawals from the aquifer. Water-level and storage-volume decreases that began with the development of the aquifer in the 1940s reached record to near-record lows in January 1993. Since 1993, generally higher water levels and partial storage-volume recoveries have been recorded in the aquifer. Potentiometric maps of the shallow and deep layers of the aquifer show flow in both aquifer layers is generally from west to east. The July 2011 water-level altitudes in the shallow aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,470 feet in the northwest corner of the study area to a low of about 1,330 feet in the southeast corner of the study area; water-level altitudes in the deep aquifer layer ranged from a high of about 1,445 feet on the west edge of the study area to a low of about 1,340 feet in the southeast corner of the study area. In the northwest part of the study area, water-levels can be more than 60 feet higher in the shallow layer than in the deep layer of the Equus Beds aquifer. Measured water-level changes for August 1940 to July 2011 ranged from a decline of 43.22 feet to a decline of 0.17 feet and averaged 12.45 feet. The largest August 1940 to July 2011 water-level changes of 30 feet or more occurred in the northern part of the study area centered about 2 and 4 miles east of Burrton, Kansas. The change in storage volume from August 1940 to July 2011 in the study area was a decrease of about 209,000 acre-feet. This volume represents a recovery of about 46,000 acre-feet, or only about 18 percent of the storage volume previously lost between August 1940 and January 1993. The largest post-1993 storage-volume recovery to date in the study area was about 161,300 acre-feet in July 2010. The approximately 115,000 acre-feet decrease in storage volume from July 2010 to July 2011 in the study area represents a depletion of about 71 percent of storage volume previously recovered from January 1993 to July 2010; about 105,000 acre-feet of this decrease occurred between January and July 2011. Most of this depletion probably is because of decreased recharge from precipitation that at 9.26 inches for January through July 2011 was less than one-half of normal and increased irrigation pumpage associated with less-than-normal precipitation; city pumpage probably was less than average. For the study area, irrigation pumpage for 2011 was estimated at about 42,700 acre-feet and 2011 city pumpage was estimated at about 21,400 acre-feet. The approximately 29,900 acre-feet decrease in storage volume from July 2010 to July 2011 in the central part of the study area represents a depletion of about 31 percent of the storage volume previously recovered from January 1993 to July 2010. A major factor in the greater percentage retention of the January 1993 to July 2010 recovery in the central part of the study area is the decreased city pumpage as part of Wichita's Integrated Local Water Supply Plan.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., 2012, Status of groundwater levels and storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer near Wichita, Kansas, July 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3208, Map: 1 Sheet: 49.24 x 33.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3208.","productDescription":"Map: 1 Sheet: 49.24 x 33.95 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3208.gif"},{"id":254716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3208/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Harvey County;Sedgwick County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.68333333333334,37.81666666666667 ], [ -97.68333333333334,38.1 ], [ -97.36666666666666,38.1 ], [ -97.36666666666666,37.81666666666667 ], [ -97.68333333333334,37.81666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97cbe4b08c986b31bc7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038351,"text":"ofr20121074 - 2012 - West-east lithostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-11T01:01:41","indexId":"ofr20121074","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1074","title":"West-east lithostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas","docAbstract":"A west-east lithostratigraphic cross section of the Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas was prepared as part of the former Western Interior Cretaceous (WIK) project, which was part of the Global Sedimentary Geology Program started in 1989. This transect is similar to that published by Dyman and others (1994) as a summary paper of the WIK project but extends further east and is more detailed. Stratigraphic control was provided by 32 geophysical logs and measured sections tied to ammonite and Inoceramus faunal zones. A variable datum was used, including the base of the Castlegate Sandstone for the western part of the section, and the fossil ammonite zone Baculites obtusus for the middle and eastern section. Lower Cretaceous units and the Frontier Formation and Mowry Shale are shown as undifferentiated units. Cretaceous strata along the transect range in thickness from more than 7,000 ft in the structural foredeep of the western overthrust belt in central Utah, to about 11,000 ft near the Colorado-Utah border as a result of considerable thickening of the Mesaverde Group, to less than 3,500 ft in the eastern Denver Basin, Kansas resulting in a condensed section. The basal Mancos Shale rises stepwise across the transect becoming progressively younger to the west as the Western Interior Seaway transgressed westward. The section illustrates large scale stratigraphic relations for most of the area covered by the seaway, from central Utah, Colorado, to west-central Kansas. These strata are predominantly continental and shoreline deposits near the Sevier thrust belt in Utah, prograding and regressive shorelines to the east with associated flooding surfaces, downlapping mudstones, and transgressive parasequences (shoreface) that correlate to condensed zones across the seaway in central Colorado and eastern Denver Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121074","usgsCitation":"Anna, L.O., 2012, West-east lithostratigraphic cross section of Cretaceous rocks from central Utah to western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1074, 2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 93.61 inches x 44.14 inches, Sheet 2: 82.43 inches x 44.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121074.","productDescription":"2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 93.61 inches x 44.14 inches, Sheet 2: 82.43 inches x 44.16 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1074.jpg"},{"id":254724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Kansas;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Denver Basin;Piceance Basin;Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,37 ], [ -114,41 ], [ -94.63333333333334,41 ], [ -94.63333333333334,37 ], [ -114,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcffce4b08c986b32ebfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anna, Lawrence O.","contributorId":107318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70038317,"text":"sir20125089 - 2012 - Bathymetric and underwater video survey of Lower Granite Reservoir and vicinity, Washington and Idaho, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-08T01:01:39","indexId":"sir20125089","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T14:26:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5089","title":"Bathymetric and underwater video survey of Lower Granite Reservoir and vicinity, Washington and Idaho, 2009-10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a bathymetric survey of the Lower Granite Reservoir, Washington, using a multibeam echosounder, and an underwater video mapping survey during autumn 2009 and winter 2010. The surveys were conducted as part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's study on sediment deposition and control in the reservoir. The multibeam echosounder survey was performed in 1-mile increments between river mile (RM) 130 and 142 on the Snake River, and between RM 0 and 2 on the Clearwater River. The result of the survey is a digital elevation dataset in ASCII coordinate positioning data (easting, northing, and elevation) useful in rendering a 3×3-foot point grid showing bed elevation and reservoir geomorphology. The underwater video mapping survey was conducted from RM 107.73 to 141.78 on the Snake River and RM 0 to 1.66 on the Clearwater River, along 61 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers established cross sections, and dredge material deposit transects. More than 900 videos and 90 bank photographs were used to characterize the sediment facies and ground-truth the multibeam echosounder data. Combined, the surveys were used to create a surficial sediment facies map that displays type of substrate, level of embeddedness, and presence of silt.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Williams, M.L., Fosness, R.L., and Weakland, R.J., 2012, Bathymetric and underwater video survey of Lower Granite Reservoir and vicinity, Washington and Idaho, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5089, iv, 10 p.; Appendices; Figure Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125089.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.; Appendices; Figure Downloads","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254695,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5089.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.51666666666667,46.36666666666667 ], [ -117.51666666666667,46.7 ], [ -116.9,46.7 ], [ -116.9,46.36666666666667 ], [ -117.51666666666667,46.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f000e4b0c8380cd4a563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weakland, Rhonda J. weakland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weakland","given":"Rhonda","email":"weakland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038280,"text":"sir20125062 - 2012 - Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-05T01:01:37","indexId":"sir20125062","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5062","title":"Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath Basin encompasses about 8,000 square miles, extending from the Cascade Range east to the Basin and Range geologic province in south-central Oregon and northern California. The geography of the basin is dominated by forested volcanic uplands separated by broad interior basins. Most of the interior basins once held broad shallow lakes and extensive wetlands, but most of these areas have been drained or otherwise modified and are now cultivated. Major parts of the interior basins are managed as wildlife refuges, primarily for migratory waterfowl. The permeable volcanic bedrock of the upper Klamath Basin hosts a substantial regional groundwater system that provides much of the flow to major streams and lakes that, in turn, provide water for wildlife habitat and are the principal source of irrigation water for the basin's agricultural economy. Increased allocation of surface water for endangered species in the past decade has resulted in increased groundwater pumping and growing interest in the use of groundwater for irrigation. The potential effects of increased groundwater pumping on groundwater levels and discharge to springs and streams has caused concern among groundwater users, wildlife and Tribal interests, and State and Federal resource managers. To provide information on the potential impacts of increased groundwater development and to aid in the development of a groundwater management strategy, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Oregon Water Resources Department and the Bureau of Reclamation, has developed a groundwater model that can simulate the response of the hydrologic system to these new stresses. The groundwater model was developed using the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW finite-difference modeling code and calibrated using inverse methods to transient conditions from 1989 through 2004 with quarterly stress periods. Groundwater recharge and agricultural and municipal pumping are specified for each stress period. All major streams and most major tributaries for which a substantial part of the flow comes from groundwater discharge are included in the model. Groundwater discharge to agricultural drains, evapotranspiration from aquifers in areas of shallow groundwater, and groundwater flow to and from adjacent basins also are simulated in key areas. The model has the capability to calculate the effects of pumping and other external stresses on groundwater levels, discharge to streams, and other boundary fluxes, such as discharge to drains. Historical data indicate that the groundwater system in the upper Klamath Basin fluctuates in response to decadal climate cycles, with groundwater levels and spring flows rising and declining in response to wet and dry periods. Data also show that groundwater levels fluctuate seasonally and interannually in response to groundwater pumping. The most prominent response is to the marked increase in groundwater pumping starting in 2001. The calibrated model is able to simulate observed decadal-scale climate-driven fluctuations in the groundwater system as well as observed shorter-term pumping-related fluctuations. Example model simulations show that the timing and location of the effects of groundwater pumping vary markedly depending on the pumping location. Pumping from wells close (within a few miles) to groundwater discharge features, such as springs, drains, and certain streams, can affect those features within weeks or months of the onset of pumping, and the impacts can be essentially fully manifested in several years. Simulations indicate that seasonal variations in pumping rates are buffered by the groundwater system, and peak impacts are closer to mean annual pumping rates than to instantaneous rates. Thus, pumping effects are, to a large degree, spread out over the entire year. When pumping locations are distant (more than several miles) from discharge features, the effects take many years or decades to fully impact those features, and much of the pumped water comes from groundwater storage over a broad geographic area even after two decades. Moreover, because the effects are spread out over a broad area, the impacts to individual features are much smaller than in the case of nearby pumping. Simulations show that the discharge features most affected by pumping in the area of the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project are agricultural drains, and impacts to other surface-water features are small in comparison. A groundwater management model was developed that uses techniques of constrained optimization along with the groundwater flow model to identify the optimal strategy to meet water user needs while not violating defined constraints on impacts to groundwater levels and streamflows. The coupled groundwater simulation-optimization models were formulated to help identify strategies to meet water demand in the upper Klamath Basin. The models maximize groundwater pumping while simultaneously keeping the detrimental impacts of pumping on groundwater levels and groundwater discharge within prescribed limits. Total groundwater withdrawals were calculated under alternative constraints for drawdown, reductions in groundwater discharge to surface water, and water demand to understand the potential benefits and limitations for groundwater development in the upper Klamath Basin. The simulation-optimization model for the upper Klamath Basin provides an improved understanding of how the groundwater and surface-water system responds to sustained groundwater pumping within the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Project. Optimization model results demonstrate that a certain amount of supplemental groundwater pumping can occur without exceeding defined limits on drawdown and stream capture. The results of the different applications of the model demonstrate the importance of identifying constraint limits in order to better define the amount and distribution of groundwater withdrawal that is sustainable.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Oregon Water Resources Department?","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Wagner, B.J., and Lite, K.E., 2012, Groundwater simulation and management models for the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5062, x, 92 p.; Figures; Tables; HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125062.","productDescription":"x, 92 p.; Figures; Tables; HTML Document","startPage":"i","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"102","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5062.jpg"},{"id":254675,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;California","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc2e4b0c8380cd5bffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Brian J. bjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Brian","email":"bjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lite, Kenneth E. Jr.","contributorId":37373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045767,"text":"70045767 - 2012 - Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T20:07:28","indexId":"70045767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","chapter":"Appendix H","title":"Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H)","docAbstract":"This report is prepared in cooperation with the Bristol Bay Watershed Assessment being conducted by the U.S. \nEnvironmental Protection Agency. The goal of the assessment is to help understand how future large-scale \ndevelopment in this watershed may affect water quality and the salmon fishery. Mining has been identified as a \npotential source of future large scale development in the region, especially because of the advanced stage of \nactivity at the Pebble prospect. The goal of this report is to summarize the geologic and environmental \ncharacteristics of porphyry copper deposits in general, largely on the basis of literature review. Data reported in the \nPebble Project Environmental Baseline Document, released by the Pebble Limited Partnership in 2011, are used to \nenhance the relevance of this report to the Bristol Bay watershed. \nThe geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are paramount to determining their geochemical signatures in \nthe environment. The geologic characteristics of mineral deposits are reflected in the mineralogy of the \nmineralization and alteration assemblages; geochemical associations of elements, including the commodities being \nsought; the grade and tonnage of the deposit; the likely mining and ore-processing methods used; the \nenvironmental attributes of the deposit, such as acid-generating and acid-neutralizing potentials of geologic \nmaterials; and the susceptibility of the surrounding ecosystem to various stressors related to the deposit and its \nmining, among other features (Seal and Hammarstrom, 2003). Within the Bristol Bay watershed, or more \nspecifically the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, the geologic setting is permissive for the occurrence of several \nmineral deposit types that are amenable for large-scale development. Of these deposit types, porphyry copper \ndeposits (e.g., Pebble) and intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Shotgun) are the most important on the basis of \nthe current maturity of exploration activities by the mining industry. The Pebble deposit sits astride the drainage \ndivide between the Nushagak and Kvichak watersheds, whereas the Humble, Big Chunk, and Shotgun deposits \nare within the Nushagak watershed. The Humble and Big Chunk prospects are geophysical anomalies that exhibit \nsome characteristics similar to those found at Pebble. Humble was drilled previously in 1958 and 1959 as an iron \nprospect on the basis of an airborne magnetic anomaly. Humble is approximately 85 miles (137 km) west of\nPebble; Big Chunk is approximately 30 miles (48 km) north-northwest of Pebble; and Shotgun is approximately 110 \nmiles (177 km) northwest of Pebble. The H and D Block prospects, west of Pebble, represent additional porphyry \ncopper exploration targets in the watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"An assessment of potential mining impacts on salmon ecosystems of Bristol Bay, Alaska: EPA 910-R-14-001A-C","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R., 2012, Geologic and environmental characteristics of porphyry copper deposits with emphasis on potential future development in the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska (Appendix H), v. 3 (Appendices E-J), iv, 30.","productDescription":"iv, 30","numberOfPages":"37","ipdsId":"IP-037309","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/bristolbay/recordisplay.cfm?deid=253500"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -164.17,56.31 ], [ -164.17,59.9 ], [ -157.68,59.9 ], [ -157.68,56.31 ], [ -164.17,56.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3 (Appendices E-J)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5b97e4b0b290850f9ff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048256,"text":"70048256 - 2012 - Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:22:15.643726","indexId":"70048256","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-01T10:14:39","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":240,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1","title":"Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Magoon and others (1980) described an 83-meter- (272-foot-) thick succession of Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) \nconglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and coal exposed on the south side of an unnamed drainage, approximately 3 kilometers \n(1.8 miles) east of Saddle Mountain in lower Cook Inlet (figs. 1 and 2). The initial significance of this exposure was that \nit was the first reported occurrence of nonmarine rocks of this age in outcrop in lower Cook Inlet, which helped constrain \nthe Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the area and provided important information on the composition of latest Mesozoic \nsandstones in the basin. The Saddle Mountain section is thought to be an outcrop analog for Upper Cretaceous nonmarine \nstrata penetrated in the OCS Y-0097 #1 (Raven) well, located approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the south–southeast \nin Federal waters (fig. 1). Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) drilled the Raven well in 1980 and encountered oil-stained \nrocks and moveable liquid hydrocarbons between the depths of 1,760 and 3,700 feet. Completion reports on file with the \nBureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM; formerly Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, \nand prior to 2010, U.S. Minerals Management Service) either show flow rates of zero or do not mention flow rates. A \nfluid analysis report on file with BOEM suggests that a wireline tool sampled some oil beneath a 2,010-foot diesel cushion \nduring the fl ow test of the 3,145–3,175 foot interval, but the recorded fl ow rate was still zero (Kirk Sherwood, written \ncommun., January 9, 2012). Further delineation and evaluation of the apparent accumulation was never performed and the \nwell was plugged and abandoned. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>As part of a 5-year comprehensive evaluation of the geology and petroleum systems of the Cook Inlet forearc basin, the \nAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys obtained a research permit from the National Park Service to access \nthe relatively poorly understood ‘Saddle Mountain exposure’ that is located in the Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. \nThis work was done in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Oil & Gas and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research \ngeologists. This report expands on Magoon and others’ (1980) description of the exposure, presents new data on sandstone \ncomposition and reservoir quality, presents new geochemical data on petroleum extracted from the outcropping sandstone, \nand describes oil-bearing correlative strata penetrated by the Raven well. Although the exposure is more than a kilometer \n(0.6 mile) east of Saddle Mountain (fig. 2), in this report we variously refer to it as the Saddle Mountain succession, Saddle \nMountain section, or the rocks at Saddle Mountain underlain by Upper Jurassic strata of the Naknek Formation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys","usgsCitation":"LePain, D., Lillis, P., Helmold, K., and Stanley, R., 2012, Migrated hydrocarbons in exposure of Maastrichtian nonmarine strata near Saddle Mountain, lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2012-1, iii, 13 p.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-036806","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280789,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/23943"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Saddle Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,63.0 ], [ -147.0,58.0 ], [ -156.0,58.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6718e4b0b2908510128a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LePain, D. L.","contributorId":104803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LePain","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":484188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helmold, K. P.","contributorId":67796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmold","given":"K. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, R. G. 0000-0001-6192-8783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":77123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038196,"text":"fs20123049 - 2012 - Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:10:00","indexId":"fs20123049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T18:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3049","title":"Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Domestic oil and gas production and clean water are critical for economic growth, public health, and national security of the United States. As domestic oil and gas production increases in new areas and old fields are enhanced, there is increasing public concern about the effects of energy production on surface-water and groundwater quality. To a great extent, this concern arises from the improved hydraulic fracturing techniques being used today, including horizontal drilling, for producing unconventional oil and gas in low-permeability formations.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis is hosting an interdisciplinary working group of USGS scientists to conduct a temporal and spatial analysis of surface-water and groundwater quality in areas of unconventional oil and gas development. The analysis uses existing national and regional datasets to describe water quality, evaluate water-quality changes over time where there are sufficient data, and evaluate spatial and temporal data gaps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123049","usgsCitation":"Susong, D.D., Gallegos, T.J., and Oelsner, G.P., 2012, Water quality studied in areas of unconventional oil and gas development, including areas where hydraulic fracturing techniques are used, in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3049, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123049.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332869,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3049/FS12-3049_508.pdf","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3049.gif"},{"id":254598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc8f9e4b08c986b32cbce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oelsner, Gretchen P. 0000-0001-9329-7357 goelsner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-7357","contributorId":4440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oelsner","given":"Gretchen","email":"goelsner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038192,"text":"sir20125060 - 2012 - Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-25T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5060","title":"Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>The Highway 95 Fault is a buried, roughly east-west trending growth fault at the southern extent of Yucca Mountain and Southwestern Nevada Volcanic Field. Little is known about the role of this fault in the movement of groundwater from the Yucca Mountain area to downgradient groundwater users in Amargosa Valley. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Arizona Water Science Center (AZWSC), in cooperation with the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office (NWRPO), has used direct current (DC) resistivity, controlled-source audio magnetotelluric (CSAMT), and transient electromagnetics (TEM) to better understand the fault. These geophysical surveys were designed to look at structures buried beneath the alluvium, following a transect of wells for lithologic control. Results indicate that the fault is just north of U.S. Highway 95, between wells NC-EWDP-2DB and -19D, and south of Highway 95, east of well NC-EWDP-2DB. The Highway 95 Fault may inhibit shallow groundwater movement by uplifting deep Paleozoic carbonates, effectively reducing the overlying alluvial aquifer thickness and restricting the movement of water. Upward vertical hydraulic gradients in wells proximal to the fault indicate that upward movement is occurring from deeper, higher-pressure aquifers.</p>\n<p>From December 2006 to January 2007, the USGS and NWRPO collected dipole-dipole DC resistivity data to characterize the Highway 95 Fault. Modeled data from the resistivity study agreed with mapped faults from gravity anomalies and highlighted a prominent fault within 1.5 km of Highway 95, thought to be the Highway 95 Fault. Results of the dipole-dipole resistivity survey warranted further study.</p>\n<p>From March to April of 2008, the USGS and Nye County continued their geophysical investigation of the Highway 95 Fault using TEM and CSAMT geophysical techniques. TEM and CSAMT data were collected along the same profile as the dipole-dipole resistivity data. Modeled data from these additional studies yielded similar results to the dipole-dipole resistivity study. An area of distinct resistivity change was detected within 1.5 km of Highway 95, and it is thought that this change is the Highway 95 Fault.</p>\n<p>Coordinated application of electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods provided better characterization of the Highway 95 Fault. The comparison of dipole-dipole resistivity, TEM, and CSAMT data confirm faulting of an uplifted block of resistive Paleozoic Carbonate that lies beneath a more conductive sandstone unit. A more resistive alluvial basin-fill unit is found above the sandstone unit, and it constitutes only about 150 m of the uppermost subsurface.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nye County Nuclear Waste Repository Project Office","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., Kryder, L., and Walker, J., 2012, Characterization of the Highway 95 Fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5060, vi, 31 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125060.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5060.gif"},{"id":254593,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.83333333333333,36.333333333333336 ], [ -116.83333333333333,37 ], [ -116.08333333333333,37 ], [ -116.08333333333333,36.333333333333336 ], [ -116.83333333333333,36.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e3e4b0c8380cd4bf9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kryder, Levi","contributorId":25392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryder","given":"Levi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, Jamieson","contributorId":87787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jamieson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038162,"text":"ofr20121054 - 2012 - Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-15T09:09:54","indexId":"ofr20121054","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-23T11:29:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1054","title":"Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout the 20th century, the Greater Everglades Ecosystem of south Florida was greatly altered by human activities. Construction of water-control structures and facilities altered the natural hydrologic patterns of the south Florida region and consequently impacted the coastal ecosystem. Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem is guided by the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), which is attempting to reverse some of the impacts of water management. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential to understand the predevelopment conditions (circa 1900 Common Era, CE) of the natural system, including the estuaries. The purpose of this report is to use empirical data derived from analyses of estuarine sediment cores and observations of modern hydrologic and salinity conditions to provide information on the natural system circa 1900 CE. A three-phase approach, developed in 2009, couples paleosalinity estimates derived from sediment cores to upstream hydrology using statistical models prepared from existing monitoring data. Results presented here update and improve previous analyses. A statistical method of estimating the paleosalinity from the core information improves the previous assemblage analyses, and the system of linear regression models was significantly upgraded and expanded.</p>\n<p>The upgraded method of coupled paleosalinity and hydrologic models was applied to the analysis of the circa-1900 CE segments of five estuarine sediment cores collected in Florida Bay. Comparisons of the observed mean stage (water level) data to the paleoecology-based model's averaged output show that the estimated stage in the Everglades wetlands was 0.3 to 1.6 feet higher at different locations. Observed mean flow data compared to the paleoecology-based model output show an estimated flow into Shark River Slough at Tamiami Trail of 401 to 2,539 cubic feet per second (cfs) higher than existing flows, and at Taylor Slough Bridge an estimated flow of 48 to 218 cfs above existing flows. For salinity in Florida Bay, the difference between paleoecology-based and observed mean salinity varies across the bay, from an aggregated average salinity of 14.7 less than existing in the northeastern basin to 1.0 less than existing in the western basin near the transition into the Gulf of Mexico. When the salinity differences are compared by region, the difference between paleoecology-based conditions and existing conditions are spatially consistent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121054","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F., and Wingard, G., 2012, Florida Bay salinity and Everglades wetlands hydrology circa 1900 CE: A compilation of paleoecology-based statistical modeling analyses (Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012;  Revised August 15, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1054, 32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121054.","productDescription":"32 p.; Tables; Appendix Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121054.jpg"},{"id":254568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Forida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","edition":"Version 1.1; Originally posted April 10, 2012;  Revised August 15, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1227e4b0c8380cd541d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, F.E.","contributorId":103380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G.L.","contributorId":79981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038012,"text":"70038012 - 2012 - Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"70038012","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography","docAbstract":"Inbreeding depression is frequently a concern of managers interested in restoring endangered species. Decisions to reduce the potential for inbreeding depression by balancing genotypic contributions to reintroduced populations may exact a cost on long-term demographic performance of the population if those decisions result in reduced numbers of animals released and/or restriction of particularly successful genotypes (i.e., heritable traits of particular family lines). As part of an effort to restore a migratory flock of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) to eastern North America using the offspring of captive breeders, we obtained a unique dataset which includes post-release mark-recapture data, as well as the pedigree of each released individual. We developed a Bayesian formulation of a multi-state model to analyze radio-telemetry, band-resight, and dead recovery data on reintroduced individuals, in order to track survival and breeding state transitions. We used studbook-based individual covariates to examine the comparative evidence for and degree of effects of inbreeding, genotype, and genotype quality on post-release survival of reintroduced individuals. We demonstrate implementation of the Bayesian multi-state model, which allows for the integration of imperfect detection, multiple data types, random effects, and individual- and time-dependent covariates. Our results provide only weak evidence for an effect of the quality of an individual's genotype in captivity on post-release survival as well as for an effect of inbreeding on post-release survival. We plan to integrate our results into a decision-analytic modeling framework that can explicitly examine tradeoffs between the effects of inbreeding and the effects of genotype and demographic stochasticity on population establishment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0","usgsCitation":"Converse, S., Royle, J., and Urbanek, R.P., 2012, Bayesian analysis of multi-state data with individual covariates for estimating genetic effects on demography: Journal of Ornithology, v. 152, no. Supplement 2, p. 561-572, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"572","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254526,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0695-0","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"152","issue":"Supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f02ae4b0c8380cd4a60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, Sarah J.","contributorId":85716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":80808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Urbanek, Richard P.","contributorId":38400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038013,"text":"70038013 - 2012 - Assessment of toxicity and potential risk of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone using Eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T13:26:04","indexId":"70038013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of toxicity and potential risk of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone using Eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio)","docAbstract":"In the United States, new regulatory restrictions have been placed on the use of some second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. This action may be offset by expanded use of first-generation compounds (e.g., diphacinone; DPN). Single-day acute oral exposure of adult Eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) to DPN evoked overt signs of intoxication, coagulopathy, histopathological lesions (e.g., hemorrhage, hepatocellular vacuolation), and/ or lethality at doses as low as 130 mg/kg body weight, although there was no dose-response relation. However, this single-day exposure protocol does not mimic the multiple-day field exposures required to cause mortality in rodent pest species and non-target birds and mammals. In 7-day feeding trials, similar toxic effects were observed in owls fed diets containing 2.15, 9.55 or 22.6 ppm DPN, but at a small fraction (&lt;5%) of the acute oral dose. In the dietary trial, the average lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level for prolonged clotting time was 1.68 mg DPN/kg owl/week (0.24 mg/kg owl/day; 0.049 mg/owl/day) and the lowest lethal dose was 5.75 mg DPN/kg owl/week (0.82 mg/kg owl/day). In this feeding trial, DPN concentration in liver ranged from 0.473 to 2.21 &mu;g/g wet weight, and was directly related to the daily and cumulative dose consumed by each owl. A probabilistic risk assessment indicated that daily exposure to as little as 3-5 g of liver from DPN-poisoned rodents for 7 days could result in prolonged clotting time in the endangered Hawaiian shorteared owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) and Hawaiian hawk (Buteo solitarius), and daily exposure to greater quantities (9-13 g of liver) could result in low-level mortality. These findings can assist natural resource managers in weighing the costs and benefits of anticoagulant rodenticide use in pest control and eradication programs.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10646-011-0844-5","usgsCitation":"Rattner, B.A., Horak, K., Lazarus, R., Eisenreich, K.M., Meteyer, C.U., Volker, S.F., Campton, C.M., Eisemann, J.D., and Johnston, J.J., 2012, Assessment of toxicity and potential risk of the anticoagulant rodenticide diphacinone using Eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio): Ecotoxicology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 832-846, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0844-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"832","endPage":"846","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":254525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0844-5"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee6ce4b0c8380cd49d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horak, Katherine E.","contributorId":58760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"Katherine E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lazarus, Rebecca S.","contributorId":11864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"Rebecca S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eisenreich, Karen M.","contributorId":52823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenreich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Volker, Steven F.","contributorId":19012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Campton, Christopher M.","contributorId":69400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campton","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Eisemann, John D.","contributorId":37462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnston, John J.","contributorId":86289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70193784,"text":"70193784 - 2012 - Combining lake and watershed characteristics with Landsat TM data for remote estimation of regional lake clarity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:35:14","indexId":"70193784","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining lake and watershed characteristics with Landsat TM data for remote estimation of regional lake clarity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water clarity is a reliable indicator of lake productivity and an ideal metric of regional water quality. Clarity is an indicator of other water quality variables including chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and trophic status; however, unlike these metrics, clarity can be accurately and efficiently estimated remotely on a regional scale. Remote sensing is useful in regions containing a large number of lakes that are cost prohibitive to monitor regularly using traditional field methods. Field-assessed lakes generally are easily accessible and may represent a spatially irregular, non-random sample of a region. We developed a remote monitoring program for Maine lakes &gt;</span><span>8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha (1511 lakes) to supplement existing field monitoring programs. We combined Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) brightness values for TM bands 1 (blue) and 3 (red) to estimate water clarity (secchi disk depth) during 1990–2010. Although similar procedures have been applied to Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes, neither state incorporates physical lake variables or watershed characteristics that potentially affect clarity into their models. Average lake depth consistently improved model fitness, and the proportion of wetland area in lake watersheds also explained variability in clarity in some cases. Nine regression models predicted water clarity (R</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>=</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.69–0.90) during 1990–2010, with separate models for eastern (TM path 11; four models) and western Maine (TM path 12; five models that captured differences in topography and landscape disturbance. Average absolute difference between model-estimated and observed secchi depth ranged 0.65–1.03</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m. Eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes consistently were estimated more accurately than oligotrophic lakes. Our results show that TM bands 1 and 3 can be used to estimate regional lake water clarity outside the Great Lakes Region and that the accuracy of estimates is improved with additional model variables that reflect physical lake characteristics and watershed conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.006","usgsCitation":"McCullough, I.M., Loftin, C., and Sader, S., 2012, Combining lake and watershed characteristics with Landsat TM data for remote estimation of regional lake clarity: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 123, p. 109-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"115","ipdsId":"IP-033562","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.32373046875,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.94921875,\n              43.56447158721811\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.169921875,\n              42.147114459220994\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6103515625,\n              47.84265762816538\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.32373046875,\n              48.980216985374994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"123","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425f1e4b0dc0b45b456e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, Ian M.","contributorId":149952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cyndy 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":146427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cyndy","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sader, Steven A.","contributorId":112282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sader","given":"Steven A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037992,"text":"sir20125053 - 2012 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Wood River Valley aquifer system, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125053","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-09T15:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5053","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Wood River Valley aquifer system, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>The Wood River Valley contains most of the population of Blaine County and the cities of Sun Valley, Ketchum, Hailey, and Bellevue. This mountain valley is underlain by the alluvial Wood River Valley aquifer system, which consists primarily of a single unconfined aquifer that underlies the entire valley, an underlying confined aquifer that is present only in the southernmost valley, and the confining unit that separates them. The entire population of the area depends on groundwater for domestic supply, either from domestic or municipal-supply wells, and rapid population growth since the 1970s has caused concern about the long-term sustainability of the groundwater resource. As part of an ongoing U.S. Geological Survey effort to characterize the groundwater resources of the Wood River Valley, this report describes the hydrogeologic framework of the Wood River Valley aquifer system.</p>\r\n<p>Although most of the Wood River Valley aquifer system is composed of Quaternary-age sediments and basalts of the Wood River Valley and its tributaries, older igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks that underlie these Quaternary deposits also are used for water supply. It is unclear to what extent these rocks are hydraulically connected to the main part of Wood River Valley aquifer system and thus whether they constitute separate aquifers. Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in and near the study area that produce water to wells and springs are the Phi Kappa and Trail Creek Formations (Ordovician and Silurian), the Milligen Formation (Devonian), and the Sun Valley Group including the Wood River Formation (Pennsylvanian-Permian) and the Dollarhide Formation (Permian). These sedimentary rocks are intruded by granitic rocks of the Late Cretaceous Idaho batholith. Eocene Challis Volcanic Group rocks overlie all of the older rocks (except where removed by erosion). Miocene Idavada Volcanics are found in the southern part of the study area. Most of these rocks have been folded, faulted, and metamorphosed to some degree, thus rock types and their relationships vary over distance.</p>\r\n<p>Quaternary-age sediment and basalt compose the primary source of groundwater in the Wood River Valley aquifer system. These Quaternary deposits can be divided into three units: a coarse-grained sand and gravel unit, a fine-grained silt and clay unit, and a single basalt unit. The fine- and coarse-grained units were primarily deposited as alluvium derived from glaciation in the surrounding mountains and upper reaches of tributary canyons. The basalt unit is found in the southeastern Bellevue fan area and is composed of two flows of different ages. Most of the groundwater produced from the Wood River Valley aquifer system is from the coarse-grained deposits.</p>\r\n<p>The altitude of the pre-Quaternary bedrock surface in the Wood River Valley was compiled from about 1,000 well-driller reports for boreholes drilled to bedrock and about 70 Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) ambient-noise measurements. The bedrock surface generally mimics the land surface by decreasing down tributary canyons and the main valley from north to south; it ranges from more than 6,700 feet in Baker Creek to less than 4,600 feet in the central Bellevue fan. Most of the south-central portion of the Bellevue fan is underlain by an apparent topographically closed area on the bedrock surface that appears to drain to the southwest towards Stanton Crossing. Quaternary sediment thickness ranges from less than a foot on main and tributary valley margins to about 350 feet in the central Bellevue fan.</p>\r\n<p>Hydraulic conductivity for 81 wells in the study area was estimated from well-performance tests reported on well-driller reports. Estimated hydraulic conductivity for 79 wells completed in alluvium ranges from 1,900 feet per day (ft/d) along Warm Springs Creek to less than 1 ft/d in upper Croy Canyon. A well completed in bedrock had an estimated hydraulic conductivity value of 10 ft/d, one well completed in basalt had a value of 50 ft/d, and three wells completed in the confined system had values ranging from 32 to 52 ft/d.</p>\r\n<p>Subsurface outflow of groundwater from the Wood River Valley aquifer system into the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer was estimated to be 4,000 acre-feet per year. Groundwater outflow beneath Stanton Crossing to the Camas Prairie was estimated to be 300 acre-feet per year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Blaine County, City of Hailey, City of Ketchum, The Nature Conservancy, City of Sun Valley, Sun Valley Water and Sewer District, Blaine Soil Conservation District, and City of Bellevue","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., and Adkins, C.B., 2012, Hydrogeologic framework of the Wood River Valley aquifer system, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5053, vi, 36 p.; Glossary; Appendices Downloads; Plate: 22.00 x 28.02 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125053.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.; Glossary; Appendices Downloads; Plate: 22.00 x 28.02 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254462,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":254463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5053.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Blaine","otherGeospatial":"Wood River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.65,42.266666666666666 ], [ -114.65,43.833333333333336 ], [ -114,43.833333333333336 ], [ -114,42.266666666666666 ], [ -114.65,42.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a33dde4b0c8380cd5f32a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adkins, Candice B.","contributorId":34234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adkins","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037975,"text":"sir20125027 - 2012 - Water resources of the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, Genesee and Orleans counties, New York 2008-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20125027","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5027","title":"Water resources of the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, Genesee and Orleans counties, New York 2008-2010","docAbstract":"A 2-year study of the water resources of the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) in western New York was carried out in 2009-2010 in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assist the Refuge in the development of a 15-year Comprehensive Conservtion plan. The study focused on Oak Orchard Creek, which flows through the Refuge, the groundwater resources that underlie the Refuge, and the possible changes to these resources related to the potential development of a bedrock quarry along the northern side of the Refuge. Oak Orchard Creek was monitored seasonally for flow and water quality; four tributary streams, which flowed only during early spring, also were monitored. A continuous streamgage was operated on Oak Orchard Creek, just north of the Refuge at Harrison Road. Four bedrock wells were drilled within the Refuge to determine the type and thickness of unconsolidated glacial sediments and to characterize the thickness and type of bedrock units beneath the Refuge, primarily the Lockport Dolomite. Water levels were monitored in 17 wells within and adjacent to the Refuge and water-quality samples were collected from 11 wells and 6 springs and analyzed for physical properties, nutrients, major ions, and trace metals. Flow in Oak Orchard Creek is from two different sources. During spring runoff, flow from the Onondaga Limestone Escarpment, several miles south of the Refuge, supplements surface-water runoff and groundwater discharge from the Salina Group to the south and east of the Refuge. Flow to Oak Orchard Creek also comes from surface-water runoff from the Lockport Dolomite Escarpment, north of the Refuge, and from groundwater discharging from the Lockport Dolomite and unconsolidated deposits that overlie the Lockport Dolomite. During the summer and fall low-flow period, only small quantities of groundwater flow from the Salina shales and Lockport Dolomite bedrock and the unconsolidated sediments that overlie them; most of this flow is lost to wetland evapotranspiration, and the remainder enters Oak Orchard Creek. Water quality in the Oak Orchard Creek is affected not only by these groundwater sources but also by surface runoff from agricultural areas and the New York State Wildlife Management Area east of the Refuge. Based on the results of the drilling program, the Lockport Dolomite underlies nearly all the Refuge. The Refuge wetlands lie within a bedrock trough between the Lockport Dolomite and Onondaga Limestone Escarpments, to the north and south, respectively. This bedrock trough was filled with mostly fine-grained sediments when Glacial Lake Tonawanda was present following the last period of glaciation. These fine-grained sediments became the substrate on which the wetlands were formed along Oak Orchard Creek and nearby Tonawanda Creek, to the south and west. Water quality in the unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers is variable; poor quality water (sulfide-rich \"black water\") generally is present south of Oak Orchard Creek and better quality water to the north where the Lockport Dolomite is close to the land surface. A set of springs, the Oak Orchard Acid Springs, is present within the Refuge; the springs are considered unique in New York State because of their naturally low pH (approximately 2.0) and their continual discharge of natural gas. The potential development of a bedrock quarry in the Lockport Dolomite bedrock along the northern border of the Refuge may affect the nearby Refuge wetlands. The extent of drawdown needed to actively quarry the bedrock could change the local hydrology and affect groundwater-flow directions and rates, primarily in the Lockport Dolomite bedrock and possibly the Oak Orchard Acid Springs area, farther to the south. The effect on the volume of flow in Oak Orchard Creek would probably be minimal as a result of the poor interaction between the surface-water and the groundwater systems. Of greater potential effect will be the possible change in the quality of water flowing into the Refuge from the discharge of groundwater during dewatering operations at the quarry; this discharge will flow into the northern part of the Refuge and affect the quantity and quality of wetland areas downstream from the quarry discharge. These changes may affect wetland management activities because of the potential for poorquality water to affect the ecology of the wetlands and the wildlife that use these wetlands.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125027","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., and Jennings, M., 2012, Water resources of the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, Genesee and Orleans counties, New York 2008-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5027, v, 23 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125027.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5027.gif"},{"id":254452,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Genesee County;Orleans County","otherGeospatial":"Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcbfde4b08c986b32d8f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Matthew B. mbjennin@usgs.gov","contributorId":4684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Matthew B.","email":"mbjennin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037931,"text":"ofr20121024A - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Chapter A in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70037931,"text":"ofr20121024A - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Chapter A in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>","indexId":"ofr20121024A","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Chapter A in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-16T16:10:07.723253","indexId":"ofr20121024A","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Chapter A in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>","docAbstract":"<p>The 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (<i>Public Law 110&ndash;140</i>) directs the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). The methodology used for the national CO<sub>2</sub> assessment follows that of previous USGS work. The methodology is non-economic and intended to be used at regional to subbasinal scales.</p>\n<p>This report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of twelve storage assessment units (SAUs) in six separate packages of sedimentary rocks within the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana and focuses on the particular characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO<sub>2</sub> storage resource in those SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU such as depth to top, gross thickness, net porous thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps are provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included here will be employed, as specified in the methodology of earlier work, to calculate a statistical Monte Carlo-based distribution of potential storage space in the various SAUs. Figures in this report show SAU boundaries and cell maps of well penetrations through the sealing unit into the top of the storage formation. Wells sharing the same well borehole are treated as a single penetration. Cell maps show the number of penetrating wells within one square mile and are derived from interpretations of incompletely attributed well data, a digital compilation that is known not to include all drilling. The USGS does not expect to know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the amount of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on cell maps.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources (Open-File Report 2012-1024)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121024A","collaboration":"This report is Chapter A in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>. For more information, see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20121024\" target=\"_blank\">Open-File Report 2012-1024</a>.","usgsCitation":"Covault, J.A., Buursink, M.L., Craddock, W.H., Merrill, M., Blondes, M., Gosai, M.A., and Freeman, P., 2012, Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Bighorn Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Chapter A in <i>Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1024, Report: vii, 23 p.; Data Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121024A.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Data Downloads","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1024_a.png"},{"id":246892,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282242,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/a/contents/OF12-1024-A.pdf"},{"id":282243,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/a/contents/cell_C5034.zip"},{"id":282244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1024/a/contents/sau_C5034.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -107,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -107,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a196ae4b0c8380cd5599b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":508955,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corum, M.D. 0000-0002-9038-3935 mcorum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9038-3935","contributorId":2249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.D.","email":"mcorum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":508956,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Covault, Jacob A.","contributorId":35951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covault","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buursink, Mark L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":68611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craddock, William H. 0000-0002-4181-4735 wcraddock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-4735","contributorId":3411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craddock","given":"William","email":"wcraddock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blondes, Madalyn S. 0000-0003-0320-0107 mblondes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107","contributorId":3598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blondes","given":"Madalyn S.","email":"mblondes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gosai, Mayur A.","contributorId":48451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosai","given":"Mayur","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Freeman, P.A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":3154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"P.A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70037980,"text":"ofr20121028 - 2012 - Quaternary geologic map of the Havre 1&deg; x 2&deg; quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:36","indexId":"ofr20121028","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T09:02:40","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1028","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Havre 1&deg; x 2&deg; quadrangle","docAbstract":"The Havre quadrangle encompasses approximately 16,084 km<sup>2</sup> (6,210 mi<sup>2</sup>). The northern boundary is the Montana/Saskatchewan (U.S./Canada) boundary. The quadrangle is in the Northern Plains physiographic province and it includes parts of the Bearpaw Mountains, the Little Rocky Mountains, and the Boundary Plateau. The primary river is the Milk River. The ancestral Missouri River was diverted south of the Bearpaw Mountains by a Laurentide ice sheet. The fill in the buried ancestral valley at and southwest of Havre contains a complex stratigraphy of fluvial, glaciofluvial, ice-contact, glacial, lacustrine, and eolian deposits. The old valley east of Havre now is occupied by the Milk River. The map units are surficial deposits and materials, not landforms. Deposits that comprise some constructional landforms (e.g., ground-moraine deposits, end-moraine deposits, stagnation-moraine deposits, all composed of till) are distinguished for purposes of reconstruction of glacial history. Surficial deposits and materials are assigned to 24 map units on the basis of genesis, age, lithology or composition, texture or particle size, and other physical, chemical, and engineering characteristics. It is not a map of soils that are recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which pedologic or agronomic soils are formed. Glaciotectonic (ice-thrust) structures and deposits are mapped separately, represented by a symbol. On the glaciated plains and on the Boundary Plateau the surficial deposits are glacial, ice-contact, glaciofluvial, catastrophic flood, alluvial, lacustrine, eolian, and colluvial deposits. In the Bearpaw Mountains and Little Rocky Mountains beyond the limit of Quaternary glaciation they are fluvial, colluvial, and mass-wasting deposits and residual materials. Tills of late Wisconsin and Illinoian ages are represented by map units. Tills of two pre-Illinoian glaciations are not mapped but are widespread in the subsurface and are identified in stratigraphic sections. Thirteen stratigraphic sections document a complex glacial and interglacial history in the quadrangle. Pliocene continental glaciation possibly is represented by erratic blocks of garnet gneiss and pegmatite from the Canadian Shield, perched high on drainage divides in the western Bearpaw Mountains. Glacial striations on bedrock, two boulder trains, and linear ice-molded landforms (primarily drumlins) indicate the possible presence of an east-southeast flowing ice stream in the Havre glacial lobe during late Wisconsin glaciation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Compilations by Fullerton, D.S., Colton, R.B., and Bush, C.A., 2012, Quaternary geologic map of the Havre 1&deg; x 2&deg; quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1028, Map: 1 Sheet: 52.00 x 36.00 inches; Download of havreGIS; Readme File; Metadata Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121028.","productDescription":"Map: 1 Sheet: 52.00 x 36.00 inches; Download of havreGIS; Readme File; Metadata Files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1028.png"},{"id":254454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Transverse Mercator Projection","datum":"1927 North American Datum","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Havre Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,48 ], [ -110,49 ], [ -108,49 ], [ -108,48 ], [ -110,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a929ee4b0c8380cd80972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Compilations by Fullerton, David S.","contributorId":23794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Compilations by Fullerton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colton, Roger B.","contributorId":17967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Charles A.","contributorId":97876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043296,"text":"70043296 - 2012 - Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:56:53","indexId":"70043296","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1929,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data","docAbstract":"Lake Turkana, the largest desert lake in the world, is fed by ungauged or poorly gauged river systems. To meet the demand of electricity in the East African region, Ethiopia is currently building the Gibe III hydroelectric dam on the Omo River, which supplies more than 80% of the inflows to Lake Turkana. On completion, the Gibe III dam will be the tallest dam in Africa with a height of 241 m. However, the nature of interactions and potential impacts of regulated inflows to Lake Turkana are not well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable in-situ datasets. In this study, we used 12 years (1998–2009) of existing multi-source satellite and model-assimilated global weather data. We use calibrated multi-source satellite data-driven water balance model for Lake Turkana that takes into account model routed runoff, lake/reservoir evapotranspiration, direct rain on lakes/reservoirs and releases from the dam to compute lake water levels. The model evaluates the impact of Gibe III dam using three different approaches such as (a historical approach, a knowledge-based approach, and a nonparametric bootstrap resampling approach) to generate rainfall-runoff scenarios. All the approaches provided comparable and consistent results. Model results indicated that the hydrological impact of the dam on Lake Turkana would vary with the magnitude and distribution of rainfall post-dam commencement. On average, the reservoir would take up to 8–10 months, after commencement, to reach a minimum operation level of 201 m depth of water. During the dam filling period, the lake level would drop up to 2 m (95% confidence) compared to the lake level modelled without the dam. The lake level variability caused by regulated inflows after the dam commissioning were found to be within the natural variability of the lake of 4.8 m. Moreover, modelling results indicated that the hydrological impact of the Gibe III dam would depend on the initial lake level at the time of dam commencement. Areas along the Lake Turkana shoreline that are vulnerable to fluctuations in lake levels were also identified. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using existing multi-source satellite data in a basic modeling framework to assess the potential hydrological impact of an upstream dam on a terminal downstream lake. The results obtained from this study could also be used to evaluate alternate dam-filling scenarios and assess the potential impact of the dam on Lake Turkana under different operational strategies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., and Senay, G.B., 2012, Assessing the potential hydrological impact of the Gibe III Dam on Lake Turkana water level using multi-source satellite data: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, v. 16, p. 3561-3578, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3561","endPage":"3578","ipdsId":"IP-038838","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":267580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267579,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2987-2012"}],"country":"United States","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511f66f9e4b03b29402c5d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":535403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206013,"text":"70206013 - 2012 - Role of stranded gas from Central Asia and Russia in meeting Europe’s future import demand for gas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T15:44:38","indexId":"70206013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T15:33:50","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of stranded gas from Central Asia and Russia in meeting Europe’s future import demand for gas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stranded gas is natural gas in discovered fields that is currently not commercially producible for either physical or economic reasons. This study examines stranded gas from Russia and Central Asia and the role it can play in addressing Europe’s growing demand for imported natural gas requiring&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">additional</i><span>&nbsp;volumes of gas in excess of 130 trillion cubic feet. We find sufficient volumes of stranded gas in fields in the Central Asian state of Turkmenistan in the Amu-Darya Basin and in Russian fields in the West Siberian Basin. The analysis focused on the estimated cost of extraction and delivery to a single market location for various concentrations of gas in stranded gas fields in Central Asia and Russia. At import prices of $10 per million British thermal units (MMBTU), there are sufficient gas resources in stranded fields that can be commercially developed and delivered to the European market. If, however, imported gas prices fall below $7 per MMBTU, most of the stranded gas evaluated from West Siberia will not be commercial. The costs of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan were calculated to be greater than 30% below the costs of delivering gas from the largest stranded gas fields in Russia, which are located in the Yamal Peninsula. Central Asian gas producers, particularly those east of the Caspian Sea, have limited market options due to the near monopoly position that Gazprom holds in transporting pipeline gas from east of Europe. This study examines several additional options to supply gas to Europe by reviewing expected delivered costs from North African and Atlantic basin suppliers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-012-9172-6","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E., and Freeman, P., 2012, Role of stranded gas from Central Asia and Russia in meeting Europe’s future import demand for gas: Natural Resources Research, v. 21, no. 2, p. 193-220, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-012-9172-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"220","ipdsId":"IP-038670","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              39.375,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              52.734375,\n              65.5129625532949\n            ],\n            [\n              42.802734375,\n              51.944264879028765\n            ],\n            [\n              43.06640625,\n              47.989921667414194\n            ],\n            [\n              47.900390625,\n              40.78054143186033\n            ],\n            [\n              49.04296875,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              54.140625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              53.876953125,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              63.10546874999999,\n              37.64903402157866\n            ],\n            [\n              76.81640625,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              86.66015624999999,\n              66.51326044311185\n            ],\n            [\n              85.25390625,\n              74.1160468394894\n            ],\n            [\n              45,\n              73.77577986189993\n            ],\n            [\n              39.375,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":773297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037920,"text":"sir20115178 - 2012 - Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:30:41","indexId":"sir20115178","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5178","title":"Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010","docAbstract":"In 2010, data on physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages were collected at selected reaches in four locations (Kleven, Sheyenne, Cooperstown, and West Fargo) on the Sheyenne River in east-central North Dakota. Three of the locations (Kleven, Sheyenne, and Cooperstown) are above Baldhill Dam and one location (West Fargo) is below Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River. The 2010 data provide information to establish a better understanding of the water-quality and ecological conditions of the Sheyenne River. Concerns were raised about the water-quality and ecological conditions of the Sheyenne River because of the interbasin transfer of water from nearby Devils Lake. The transfer of water from Devils Lake to the Sheyenne River occurs through the Devils Lake State Outlet near Peterson Coulee or, if lake elevations exceed 1,459 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), through a natural outlet, Tolna Coulee. The field measurements of water-quality characteristics and results of chemical analyses generally are comparable to summary statistics calculated for Sheyenne River for 1980 through 2006. Overall, water-quality results show differences between the Kleven, Sheyenne, Cooperstown, and West Fargo reaches. Sulfate concentrations were less than the State of North Dakota criterion of 750 milligrams per liter for the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam and less than the criterion of 450 milligrams per liter for the lower Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam. Arsenic concentrations at most reaches exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Nutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus) were higher in the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam than below Baldhill Dam where concentrations decreased by about half. In 2010, 35 families and 44 genera of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected and identified. On the basis of the index of biotic intergrity scores for benthic macroinvertebrate communities present in the Sheyenne River, all the reaches were determined to have condition classes of moderately disturbed to most disturbed. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities at the Cooperstown reaches were classed as moderately disturbed, whereas benthic macroinvertebrate communities at the Kleven, Sheyenne, West and Fargo reaches were most disturbed. During data collection, 37 genera and 165 species of periphyton (diatoms and soft-bodied algae) were collected and identified. In periphyton communities, similar taxa species were dominant in the Kleven, Sheyenne, and Cooperstown reaches, and different taxa species were dominant in the West Fargo reaches. For diatoms, the Kleven 3 reach had the lowest species richness value of 33.0, whereas the Cooperstown 8 reach had the highest species richness value of 57.0. For soft-bodied algae, the species richness values ranged from 8.0 at the Sheyenne 4 reach to 20.0 at the West Fargo 10 reach. During the fish collection, 32 species, representing 10 families, were collected in the Sheyenne River. All but two species are native to the Sheyenne River system. Common carp and white crappie are the two introduced species. Of the 32 species, 29 are tolerant to moderately tolerant to changes in water quality and habitat degradation, 16 species are tolerant to moderately tolerant to turbidity, and 16 species are tolerant to moderately tolerant to sensitivity to total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride. All fish species were categorized into four trophic groups. The largest group of 19 species was the insectivores (both benthic and general). The predator group consisted of seven species, and the omnivores consisted of six species. More fish were found in the lower Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam than in the upper Sheyenne River above Baldhill Dam.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, R.F., Rowland, K.M., and Lindsay, M.J., 2012, Physical habitat, water quality, and riverine biological assemblages of selected reaches of the Sheyenne River, North Dakota, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5178, v, 19 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115178.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5178.gif"},{"id":246886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Flora;Bremen;Cooperstown;West Fargo","otherGeospatial":"Sheyenne River;Devils Lake;Kleven Reaches","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7aafe4b0c8380cd79037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Kathleen M. 0000-0003-2526-6860 krowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-6860","contributorId":1676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"krowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindsay, Matthew J. mlindsay@usgs.gov","contributorId":4747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsay","given":"Matthew","email":"mlindsay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037908,"text":"ds682 - 2012 - Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:34","indexId":"ds682","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T11:24:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"682","title":"Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011","docAbstract":"Longitudinal profiles of near-streambed and near-surface temperatures were collected for selected reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, during August 2011 to facilitate development of a stream temperature model near the confluence of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers. Temperature was measured using a probe with an internal datalogger towed behind a watercraft moving downstream at ambient river velocity. For the Methow River, an additional temperature survey was completed using near-streambed and near-surface probes towed behind a second watercraft that traversed the channel to measure vertical and lateral temperature variability. All data were referenced to location that was concurrently measured with a Global Positioning System. Data are presented as Microsoft Excel&#174; files consisting of date and time, water temperature, and Washington State Plane North easting and northing.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds682","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., 2012, Thermal profiles for selected river reaches of the Methow and Chewuch Rivers, Washington, August 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 682, iv, 4 p.; Tables Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds682.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.; Tables Download","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-08-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_682.jpg"},{"id":246861,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/682/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River;Chewuch River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.20027777777779,48.43416666666666 ], [ -120.20027777777779,48.483333333333334 ], [ -120.13444444444445,48.483333333333334 ], [ -120.13444444444445,48.43416666666666 ], [ -120.20027777777779,48.43416666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb250e4b08c986b325709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037907,"text":"ds671 - 2012 - Archive of side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data collected during USGS cruise 10CCT03 offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from East Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama, April 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"ds671","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-28T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"671","title":"Archive of side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data collected during USGS cruise 10CCT03 offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from East Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama, April 2010","docAbstract":"<p>In April of 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a geophysical survey from the east end of East Ship Island, Miss., extending to the middle of Dauphin Island, Ala. (fig. 1).  This survey had a dual purpose: (1) to interlink previously conducted nearshore geophysical surveys (shoreline to ~2 km) with those of offshore surveys (~2 to ~9 km) in the area, and (2) to extend the geophysical survey to include a portion of the Dauphin Island nearshore zone.  The efforts were part of the USGS Gulf of Mexico Science Coordination partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to assist the Mississippi Coastal Improvements Program (MsCIP) and the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) Ecosystem Change and Hazards Susceptibility Project by mapping the shallow geological stratigraphic framework of the Mississippi Barrier Island Complex. These geophysical surveys will provide the data necessary for scientists to define, interpret, and provide baseline bathymetry and seafloor habitat for this area and to aid scientists in predicting future geomorpholocial changes of the islands with respect to climate change, storm impact, and sea-level rise. Furthermore, these data will provide information for barrier island restoration feasibility, particularly in Camille Cut, and efforts for the preservation of historical Fort Massachusetts. For more information refer to http://ngom.usgs.gov/gomsc/mscip/.</p>\n<p>This report serves as an archive of the processed multibeam bathymetry and side scan sonar (SSS) data. Data products herein include gridded and interpolated digital depth surfaces, seabed surface backscatter imagery, and x,y,z data products for both multibeam bathymetry and side scan sonar imagery. Additional files include trackline maps, navigation files, geograpahic information system (GIS) files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Scanned images of the handwritten FACS logs and digital FACS logs are also provided as PDF files. Refer to the Acronyms page for description of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report or hold the cursor over an acronym for a pop-up explanation.</p>\n<p>The USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 10CCT03 tells us the data were collected in 2010 for the Coastal Change and Transport (CCT) study and the data were collected during the third (03) field activity for that project in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID.</p>\n<p>Data were collected aboard the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) <i>SV Irvington</i>, a 56-foot (ft) Kvichak Marine Industries, Inc., catamaran (fig. 2). Side scan sonar and multibeam bathymetry data were collected simultaneously along the tracklines. The side scan sonar towfish was towed off the starboard side just slightly behind the vessel, close to the seafloor. The multibeam transducer was attached to a retractable strut-arm lowered between the catamaran hulls. Navigation was acquired with an Applanix POS MV and differentially corrected using the broadcast signal from a local National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) beacon.  See the digital FACS equipment log for details about the acquisition equipment used. Raw datasets were stored digitally and processed using HYPACK Inc., HYSWEEP software at the USACE Mobile, Ala., District office.  For more information on processing refer to the Equipment and Processing page.  Chirp seismic data were also collected during this survey and are archived separately.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds671","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jacobs Technology, Inc. and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, N.T., Flocks, J.G., Pfeiffer, W.R., Gibson, J.N., and Wiese, D.S., 2012, Archive of side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data collected during USGS cruise 10CCT03 offshore of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi, from East Ship Island, Mississippi, to Dauphin Island, Alabama, April 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 671, HTML document; Data download; Metadata download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds671.","productDescription":"HTML document; Data download; Metadata download","temporalStart":"2010-04-01","temporalEnd":"2010-04-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_671.jpg"},{"id":246860,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/671/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Islands National Seashore","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed4ae4b0c8380cd4970b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flocks, James G. 0000-0002-6177-7433 jflocks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","email":"jflocks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pfeiffer, William R. wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfeiffer","given":"William","email":"wpfeiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gibson, James N.","contributorId":51142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4869,"text":"ds38 - 1998 - Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds38","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T11:01:40","indexId":"ds656","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"656","title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds656","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., Packard, P., and Garrity, C., 2012, Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 656, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds656.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_656.jpg"},{"id":246844,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/656/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdd3e4b0c8380cd4e96a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Packard, P.H.","contributorId":100662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrity, C.P. 0000-0002-5565-1818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":10021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038536,"text":"70038536 - 2012 - Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge: Lake Lowell water based recreation data summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-29T12:27:02","indexId":"70038536","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-21T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge: Lake Lowell water based recreation data summary","docAbstract":"<p>Introduction: Established in 1909, Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge is one of the oldest refuges in the National Wildlife Refuge System. The Refuge has two units, Lake Lowell and the Snake River Islands. The Lake Lowell Unit is 10,636 acres and includes the almost 9,000-acre Lake Lowell and surrounding lands. The Refuge offers the six priority wildlife-dependent activities (fishing, hunting, wildlife observation, wildlife interpretation, wildlife photography and environmental education) as defined in The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act as amended by the Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 as well as other non-wildlife-dependent activities. The purpose of this study is to describe use characteristics of recreational boaters on Lake Lowell. This study does not address use in other parts of the Refuge or other recreational activities. The sampling and data collection consisted of observations of boat activity made from fixed vantage points on the west and east pools of Lake Lowell to develop vessels-at-one-time (VAOT) estimates for three areas: the West Pool, the Headquarters section of the East Pool, and the East section of the East Pool. A complete description of the sampling locations and a map are provided below Traffic counters were also used to collect data on the number of vehicles entering the parking lots. Data were collected between April 15 and September 30, 2011.</p>","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Schuster, R., 2012, Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge: Lake Lowell water based recreation data summary.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037988","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_1/NWRS/Zone_2/Deer_Flat/Documents/Appendix%20L%20Deer%20Flat%20FCCP_sm.EIS.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Lowell","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.57867431640624,\n              43.523410314985455\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59000396728516,\n              43.52216559741784\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59446716308592,\n              43.52838892844328\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59858703613281,\n              43.536104967254566\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60064697265625,\n              43.543073444106525\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60579681396484,\n              43.55228055320695\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.61849975585938,\n              43.55451990763498\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64081573486328,\n              43.55924716038612\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64905548095702,\n              43.56372526826544\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65180206298828,\n              43.57168552708072\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.66313171386719,\n              43.57069055225934\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6758346557617,\n              43.577406313314974\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6758346557617,\n              43.59083558861119\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6923141479492,\n              43.59481405781924\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.72012329101564,\n              43.600035399518525\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.74724578857422,\n              43.5823804682817\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.7520523071289,\n              43.577157594779464\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75170898437501,\n              43.57044180598564\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.73728942871094,\n              43.563974042277\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.72355651855469,\n              43.56123747164742\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71566009521484,\n              43.55775438379294\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.70604705810547,\n              43.54431773022229\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.69162750244139,\n              43.53510940481582\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6696548461914,\n              43.530629170442424\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6524887084961,\n              43.5281400075293\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62811279296875,\n              43.51619059561272\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.60785675048828,\n              43.509966006217816\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.58210754394531,\n              43.50672896600787\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57215118408205,\n              43.50797400201761\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57146453857423,\n              43.514198796857976\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57386779785155,\n              43.52365925541725\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57970428466797,\n              43.522414542985864\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.57867431640624,\n              43.523410314985455\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7e2ae4b0589fa1ca11d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Rudy M.","contributorId":92405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Rudy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70037778,"text":"70037778 - 2012 - Dissolved oxygen as an indicator of bioavailable dissolved organic carbon in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-23T15:22:37","indexId":"70037778","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved oxygen as an indicator of bioavailable dissolved organic carbon in groundwater","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) plotted vs. dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater samples taken from a coastal plain aquifer of South Carolina (SC) showed a statistically significant hyperbolic relationship. In contrast, DO-DOC plots of groundwater samples taken from the eastern San Joaquin Valley of California (CA) showed a random scatter. It was hypothesized that differences in the bioavailability of naturally occurring DOC might contribute to these observations. This hypothesis was examined by comparing nine different biochemical indicators of DOC bioavailability in groundwater sampled from these two systems. Concentrations of DOC, total hydrolysable neutral sugars (THNS), total hydrolysable amino acids (THAA), mole% glycine of THAA, initial bacterial cell counts, bacterial growth rates, and carbon dioxide production/consumption were greater in SC samples relative to CA samples. In contrast, the mole% glucose of THNS and the aromaticity (SUVA<sub>254</sub>) of DOC was greater in CA samples. Each of these indicator parameters were observed to change with depth in the SC system in a manner consistent with active biodegradation. These results are uniformly consistent with the hypothesis that the bioavailability of DOC is greater in SC relative to CA groundwater samples. This, in turn, suggests that the presence/absence of a hyperbolic DO-DOC relationship may be a qualitative indicator of relative DOC bioavailability in groundwater systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00835.x","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P.M., McMahon, P.B., Kaiser, K., and Benner, R., 2012, Dissolved oxygen as an indicator of bioavailable dissolved organic carbon in groundwater: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00835.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.343994140625,\n              37.74248523826606\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.58319091796874,\n              36.99158465967016\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.74822998046875,\n              37.118716304960124\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50903320312501,\n              37.82280243352756\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.343994140625,\n              37.74248523826606\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.19970703125,\n              31.419288124288357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.19970703125,\n              34.56085936708384\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.123779296875,\n              34.56085936708384\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.123779296875,\n              31.419288124288357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.19970703125,\n              31.419288124288357\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a023be4b0c8380cd4ff6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, Karl","contributorId":80520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benner, Ron","contributorId":83367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benner","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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