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Carbon and nitrogen are often greater beneath canopies than intercanopies. Upslope vs. downslope position and ephemeral channels might also cause variation in C and N. Yet, few studies have simultaneously evaluated spatial variation associated with canopy&ndash;intercanopy patches and topography. We estimated C and N upslope and downslope in an eroding pi&ntilde;on&ndash;juniper woodland for canopies beneath pi&ntilde;ons (</span><i>Pinus edulis</i><span>) and junipers, (</span><i>Juniperus monosperma</i><span>), intercanopies, and ephemeral channels. Soil C and N in the surface and profile beneath canopies exceeded that of intercanopies and channels. Relative to intercanopies, channels had more profile C upslope but less downslope (profile N was not significant). Relative to upslope, profile C downslope for intercanopies was greater and for channels was less (profile N was not significant). Relative to profile, surface soil C and N exhibited less heterogeneity. Although some topographic heterogeneity was detected, results did not collectively support our redistribution hypotheses, and we are unable to distinguish if this heterogeneity is due to&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;or redistribution effects. Nonetheless, results highlight finer topographical spatial variation in addition to predominant canopy and intercanopy variation that is applicable for semiarid woodland management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029","usgsCitation":"Law, D., Breshears, D.D., Ebinger, M.H., Meyer, C.W., and Allen, C.D., 2012, Soil C and N patterns in a semiarid piñon-juniper woodland: Topography of slope and ephemeral channels add to canopy-intercanopy heterogeneity: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 79, p. 20-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.029.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Pajarito Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.095703125,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91e0e4b08c986b319b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Law, Darin J.","contributorId":98627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Darin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breshears, David D.","contributorId":51620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebinger, Michael H.","contributorId":11431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Clifton W.","contributorId":43164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032571,"text":"70032571 - 2012 - Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T21:27:04.790866","indexId":"70032571","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The USGS Multihazards Project is working with numerous agencies to evaluate and plan for hazards and damages that could be caused by extreme winter storms impacting California. Atmospheric and hydrological aspects of a hypothetical storm scenario have been quantified as a basis for estimation of human, infrastructure, economic, and environmental impacts for emergency-preparedness and flood-planning exercises. In order to ensure scientific defensibility and necessary levels of detail in the scenario description, selected historical storm episodes were concatentated to describe a rapid arrival of several major storms over the state, yielding precipitation totals and runoff rates beyond those occurring during the individual historical storms. This concatenation allowed the scenario designers to avoid arbitrary scalings and is based on historical occasions from the 19th and 20th Centuries when storms have stalled over the state and when extreme storms have arrived in rapid succession. Dynamically consistent, hourly precipitation, temperatures, barometric pressures (for consideration of storm surges and coastal erosion), and winds over California were developed for the so-called ARkStorm scenario by downscaling the concatenated global records of the historical storm sequences onto 6- and 2-km grids using a regional weather model of January 1969 and February 1986 storm conditions. The weather model outputs were then used to force a hydrologic model to simulate ARkStorm runoff, to better understand resulting flooding risks. Methods used to build this scenario can be applied to other emergency, nonemergency and non-California applications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s11069-011-9894-5","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Martin, R.F., Hughes, M., Das, T., Neiman, P., Cox, D.A., Estes, G., Reynolds, D., Hartman, R., Cayan, D., and Jones, L., 2012, Design and quantification of an extreme winter storm scenario for emergency preparedness and planning exercises in California: Natural Hazards, v. 60, no. 3, p. 1085-1111, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9894-5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1111","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474740,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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 \"}}]}","volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff3ae4b0c8380cd4f0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Ralph F.","contributorId":43578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, M.","contributorId":102699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Das, Tapash","contributorId":49227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Das","given":"Tapash","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neiman, P.","contributorId":43183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neiman","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cox, Dale A. 0000-0001-8302-3643 dacox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-3643","contributorId":203281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","email":"dacox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estes, G.","contributorId":107946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reynolds, D.","contributorId":76149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hartman, R.","contributorId":74968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel drcayan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Jones, L.","contributorId":26084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70032301,"text":"70032301 - 2012 - Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032301","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals","docAbstract":"When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park have examined the interaction pathway of wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) to ungulates to plants. This study examines the interaction effects of wolves to coyotes to rodents (reversing mesopredator release in the absence of wolves). Coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) generally avoided areas near a wolf den. However, when in the proximity of a den, they used woody habitats (pine or sage) compared with herbaceous habitats (grass or forb or sedge)- when they were away from the wolf den. Our data suggested a significant increase in rodent numbers, particularly voles (genus Microtus Schrank, 1798), during the 3-year study on plots that were within 3 km of the wolf den, but we did not detect a significant change in rodent numbers over time for more distant plots. Predation by coyotes may have depressed numbers of small mammals in areas away from the wolf den. These factors indicate a top-down effect by wolves on coyotes and subsequently on the rodents of the area. Restoration of wolves could be a powerful tool for regulating predation at lower trophic levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z11-115","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Miller, B., Harlow, H., Harlow, T., Biggins, D., and Ripple, W.J., 2012, Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z11-115.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z11-115"},{"id":242809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb882e4b08c986b3278ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, B.J.","contributorId":17173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, H.J.","contributorId":20178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harlow, T.S.","contributorId":15849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, D.","contributorId":53343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ripple, W. J.","contributorId":36333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70032229,"text":"70032229 - 2012 - Supplementing seed banks to rehabilitate disturbed Mojave Desert shrublands: Where do all the seeds go?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T22:13:58.128895","indexId":"70032229","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supplementing seed banks to rehabilitate disturbed Mojave Desert shrublands: Where do all the seeds go?","docAbstract":"<p>Revegetation of degraded arid lands often involves supplementing impoverished seed banks and improving the seedbed, yet these approaches frequently fail. To understand these failures, we tracked the fates of seeds for six shrub species that were broadcast across two contrasting surface disturbances common to the Mojave Desert—sites compacted by concentrated vehicle use and trenched sites where topsoil and subsurface soils were mixed. We evaluated seedbed treatments that enhance soil‐seed contact (tackifier) and create surface roughness while reducing soil bulk density (harrowing). We also explored whether seed harvesting by granivores and seedling suppression by non‐native annuals influence the success of broadcast seeding in revegetating degraded shrublands. Ten weeks after treatments, seeds readily moved off of experimental plots in untreated compacted sites, but seed movements were reduced 32% by tackifier and 55% through harrowing. Harrowing promoted seedling emergence in compacted sites, particularly for the early‐colonizing species&nbsp;<i>Encelia farinosa</i>, but tackifier was largely ineffective. The inherent surface roughness of trenched sites retained three times the number of seeds than compacted sites, but soil mixing during trench development likely altered the suitability of the seedbed thus resulting in poor seedling emergence. Non‐native annuals had little influence on seed fates during our study. In contrast, the prevalence of harvester ants increased seed removal on compacted sites, whereas rodent activity influenced removal on trenched sites. Future success of broadcast seeding in arid lands depends on evaluating disturbance characteristics prior to seeding and selecting appropriate species and seasons for application.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"DeFalco, L.A., Esque, T., Nicklas, M.B., and Kane, J., 2012, Supplementing seed banks to rehabilitate disturbed Mojave Desert shrublands: Where do all the seeds go?: Restoration Ecology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 85-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00739.x"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f78e4b08c986b31e5da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261 ldefalco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":177536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley","email":"ldefalco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":195896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicklas, Melissa B.","contributorId":36404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicklas","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":35169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70032540,"text":"70032540 - 2012 - A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T21:58:43.196979","indexId":"70032540","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake Turkana is one of the largest desert lakes in the world and is characterized by high degrees of inter- and intra-annual fluctuations. The hydrology and water balance of this lake have not been well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable ground truth datasets. Managing surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where in-situ data are either limited or unavailable. In this study, multi-source satellite-driven data such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, modelled runoff, evapotranspiration, and a digital elevation dataset were used to model Lake Turkana water levels from 1998 to 2009. Due to the unavailability of reliable lake level data, an approach is presented to calibrate and validate the water balance model of Lake Turkana using a composite lake level product of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and ENVISAT satellite altimetry data. Model validation results showed that the satellite-driven water balance model can satisfactorily capture the patterns and seasonal variations of the Lake Turkana water level fluctuations with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.90 and a Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.80 during the validation period (2004–2009). Model error estimates were within 10% of the natural variability of the lake. Our analysis indicated that fluctuations in Lake Turkana water levels are mainly driven by lake inflows and over-the-lake evaporation. Over-the-lake rainfall contributes only up to 30% of lake evaporative demand. During the modelling time period, Lake Turkana showed seasonal variations of 1–2 m. The lake level fluctuated in the range up to 4 m between the years 1998–2009. This study demonstrated the usefulness of satellite altimetry data to calibrate and validate the satellite-driven hydrological model for Lake Turkana without using any in-situ data. Furthermore, for Lake Turkana, we identified and outlined opportunities and challenges of using a calibrated satellite-driven water balance model for (i) quantitative assessment of the impact of basin developmental activities on lake levels and for (ii) forecasting lake level changes and their impact on fisheries. From this study, we suggest that globally available satellite altimetry data provide a unique opportunity for calibration and validation of hydrologic models in ungauged basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/hess-16-1-2012","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Senay, G., and Asante, K., 2012, A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474744,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012"}],"country":"Kenya","otherGeospatial":"Lake Turkana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.79345703125,\n              2.4162756547063857\n            ],\n            [\n              36.8701171875,\n              2.4162756547063857\n            ],\n            [\n              36.8701171875,\n              4.718777551249855\n            ],\n            [\n              35.79345703125,\n              4.718777551249855\n            ],\n            [\n              35.79345703125,\n              2.4162756547063857\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":152206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","email":"senay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asante, K.O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":17051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035397,"text":"70035397 - 2012 - Concentration, distribution, and translocation of mercury and methylmercury in mine-waste, sediment, soil, water, and fish collected near the Abbadia San Salvatore mercury mine, Monte Amiata district, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-21T19:37:12","indexId":"70035397","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentration, distribution, and translocation of mercury and methylmercury in mine-waste, sediment, soil, water, and fish collected near the Abbadia San Salvatore mercury mine, Monte Amiata district, Italy","docAbstract":"The distribution and translocation of mercury (Hg) was studied in the Paglia River ecosystem, located downstream from the inactive Abbadia San Salvatore mine (ASSM). The ASSM is part of the Monte Amiata Hg district, Southern Tuscany, Italy, which was one of the world’s largest Hg districts. Concentrations of Hg and methyl-Hg were determined in mine-waste calcine (retorted ore), sediment, water, soil, and freshwater fish collected from the ASSM and the downstream Paglia River. Concentrations of Hg in calcine samples ranged from 25 to 1500 μg/g, all of which exceeded the industrial soil contamination level for Hg of 5 μg/g used in Italy. Stream and lake sediment samples collected downstream from the ASSM ranged in Hg concentration from 0.26 to 15 μg/g, of which more than 50% exceeded the probable effect concentration for Hg of 1.06 μg/g, the concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Stream and lake sediment methyl-Hg concentrations showed a significant correlation with TOC indicating considerable methylation and potential bioavailability of Hg. Stream water contained Hg as high as 1400 ng/L, but only one water sample exceeded the 1000 ng/L drinking water Hg standard used in Italy. Concentrations of Hg were elevated in freshwater fish muscle samples and ranged from 0.16 to 1.2 μg/g (wet weight), averaged 0.84 μg/g, and 96% of these exceeded the 0.3 μg/g (methyl-Hg, wet weight) USEPA fish muscle standard recommended to protect human health. Analysis of fish muscle for methyl-Hg confirmed that > 90% of the Hg in these fish is methyl-Hg. Such highly elevated Hg concentrations in fish indicated active methylation, significant bioavailability, and uptake of Hg by fish in the Paglia River ecosystem. Methyl-Hg is highly toxic and the high Hg concentrations in these fish represent a potential pathway of Hg to the human food chain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.065","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Rimondi, V., Gray, J.E., Costagliola, P., Vaselli, O., and Lattanzi, P., 2012, Concentration, distribution, and translocation of mercury and methylmercury in mine-waste, sediment, soil, water, and fish collected near the Abbadia San Salvatore mercury mine, Monte Amiata district, Italy: Science of the Total Environment, v. 414, p. 318-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.065.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"327","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215259,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.065"}],"country":"Italy","county":"Monte Amiata","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 6.6,35.3 ], [ 6.6,47.1 ], [ 18.8,47.1 ], [ 18.8,35.3 ], [ 6.6,35.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"414","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f981e4b0c8380cd4d641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rimondi, V.","contributorId":28820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rimondi","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costagliola, P.","contributorId":86988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costagliola","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaselli, O.","contributorId":93647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaselli","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lattanzi, P.","contributorId":40034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lattanzi","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159023,"text":"70159023 - 2012 - Mapping recent decadal climate variations in precipitation and temperature across eastern Africa and the Sahel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:34:34","indexId":"70159023","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mapping recent decadal climate variations in precipitation and temperature across eastern Africa and the Sahel","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/b11863-19","usgsCitation":"Funk, C.C., Michaelsen, J., and Marshall, M., 2012, Mapping recent decadal climate variations in precipitation and temperature across eastern Africa and the Sahel, chap. <i>of</i> Remote sensing of drought: innovative monitoring approaches, p. 331-358, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11863-19.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"358","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024832","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561e2b37e4b0cdb063e59cdd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D.","contributorId":75845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577290,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Martha C.","contributorId":96579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577291,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577292,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelsen, Joel","contributorId":149202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michaelsen","given":"Joel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Michael","contributorId":65216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035492,"text":"70035492 - 2012 - An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-23T16:39:21.889556","indexId":"70035492","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate topographic data are critical to restoration science and planning for the Everglades region of South Florida, USA. They are needed to monitor and simulate water level, water depth and hydroperiod and are used in scientific research on hydrologic and biologic processes. Because large wetland environments and data acquisition challenge conventional ground-based and remotely sensed data collection methods, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) adapted a classical data collection instrument to global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. Data acquired with this instrument were processed using geostatistics to yield sub-water level elevation values with centimetre accuracy (±15 cm). The developed database framework, modelling philosophy and metadata protocol allow for continued, collaborative model revision and expansion, given additional elevation or other ancillary data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2010.533212","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.W., Desmond, G., Henkle, C., and Glover, R., 2012, An approach to regional wetland digital elevation model development using a differential global positioning system and a custom-built helicopter-based surveying system: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 33, no. 2, p. 450-465, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.533212.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"465","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215170,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2010.533212"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.22216796875,\n              25.145284610685064\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              25.898761936567023\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9365234375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0458984375,\n              26.33280692289788\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              25.105497373014686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0ce4b0c8380cd485db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. W.","contributorId":89233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desmond, G.B.","contributorId":35014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desmond","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henkle, C.","contributorId":91319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henkle","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glover, R.","contributorId":103106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156869,"text":"70156869 - 2012 - Modelling reintroduced populations: The state of the art and future directions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T16:03:11.84913","indexId":"70156869","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modelling reintroduced populations: The state of the art and future directions","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reintroduction biology: Integrating science and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781444355833.ch6","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, D., and Reynolds, M.H., 2012, Modelling reintroduced populations: The state of the art and future directions, chap. <i>of</i> Reintroduction biology: Integrating science and management, p. 165-222, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444355833.ch6.","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033083","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6d6e4b058f706e53d90","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ewen, John G.","contributorId":140270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13431,"text":"Zoological Society of London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570889,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Doug P.","contributorId":24675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Doug P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570890,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, Kevin","contributorId":147257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Park","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570891,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seddon, Phillip J.","contributorId":147258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seddon","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570892,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Doug P.","contributorId":24675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Doug P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156827,"text":"70156827 - 2012 - Loss and modification of habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T16:19:02","indexId":"70156827","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Loss and modification of habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>Amphibians live in a wide variety of habitats around the world, many of which have been modified or destroyed by human activities. Most species have unique life history characteristics adapted to specific climates, habitats (e.g., lentic, lotic, terrestrial, arboreal, fossorial, amphibious), and local conditions that provide suitable areas for reproduction, development and growth, shelter from environmental extremes, and predation, as well as connectivity to other populations or habitats. Although some species are entirely aquatic or terrestrial, most amphibians, as their name implies, lead a dual life and require a mosaic of habitats in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. With over 6 billion people on Earth, most species are now persisting in habitats that have been directly or indirectly influenced by human activities. Some species have disappeared where their habitats have been completely destroyed, reduced, or rendered unsuitable. Habitat loss and degradation are widely considered by most researchers as the most important causes of amphibian population decline globally (Barinaga 1990; Wake and Morowitz 1991; Alford and Richards 1999). In this chapter, a background on the diverse habitat requirements of amphibians is provided, followed by a discussion of the effects of urbanization, agriculture, livestock grazing, timber production and harvesting, fire and hazardous fuel management, and roads on amphibians and their habitats. Also briefly discussed is the influence on amphibian habitats of natural disturbances, such as extreme weather events and climate change, given the potential for human activities to impact climate in the longer term. For amphibians in general, microhabitats are of greater importance than for other vertebrates. As ectotherms with a skin that is permeable to water and with naked gelatinous eggs, amphibians are physiologically constrained to be active during environmental conditions that provide appropriate body temperatures and adequate water balance (Thorson and Svihla 1943; Brattstrom 1963; Tracy 1976). Hence, individuals require and seek specific microhabitats that maintain their preferred body temperature while at the same time reducing water loss or allowing individuals to re-hydrate. Amphibians also possess relatively few physical attributes that protect them from predators. Although they may avoid predators behaviourally or deter them by skin toxins, amphibians lack defensive shells or hardened cuticles, do not have protective teeth or claws, and most are insufficiently fast to escape predators. Hence, they are relatively dependent on sites that conceal or protect them from predation. Most amphibians also differ significantly from other vertebrates in possessing a complex two-phase life cycle: the pre-metamorphic larval (tadpole) stage and the post-metamorphic juvenile and adult stage (Wilbur 1980, 1984). Most amphibian species have two distinct econes (Heatwole 1989), each with different habitat requirements, the larvae being aquatic and the post-metamorphic animals more terrestrial. The habitats required by the two phases can differ greatly, but both are essential to the survival of a species. However, amphibian diversity is great and exceptions to this general pattern exist. For example, some species have direct development without going through a larval stage and are fully terrestrial, whereas the larvae of other species can reach sexual maturity without going through metamorphosis (i.e., neoteny) and are fully aquatic.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation and decline of amphibians: ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management","language":"English","publisher":"Surrey Beatty","usgsCitation":"Lemckert, F., Hecnar, S., and Pilliod, D., 2012, Loss and modification of habitat, chap. <i>of</i> Conservation and decline of amphibians: ecological aspects, effect of humans, and management.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18636e4b05561fa206acb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wilkinson, John W.","contributorId":147014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570726,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heatwole, Harold","contributorId":147199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heatwole","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570727,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lemckert, Francis","contributorId":147197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemckert","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hecnar, Stephen","contributorId":147198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hecnar","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197987,"text":"70197987 - 2012 - Correlation of early Paleogene global diversity patterns of large benthic foraminifera with Paleocene-Eocene hyperthermal events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-03T10:17:44","indexId":"70197987","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of early Paleogene global diversity patterns of large benthic foraminifera with Paleocene-Eocene hyperthermal events","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large benthic foraminifera (LBF) were major contributors to many Paleogene carbonate platforms around the world. These photosymbiotic foraminifera lived in warm, oligotrophic, shallow waters within the photic zone. Such Paleogene families as the nummulitids, alveolinids, and orthophragminids rose to prominence in the late Paleocene, thrived in the early and middle Eocene, and declined in the late Eocene and Oligocene. Diversity data from these three families were studied to understand better the controls on the rise of Paleogene LBFs. Analyzed data included total diversity (total number of species per biozone), number of first occurrences per biozone, and number of last occurrences per biozone. Results indicate that there were four intervals of increased total diversity, increased first occurrence, and increased last occurrence for all three families studied. These four intervals follow closely after important climatic events within the Paleogene: the mid-Paleocene biotic event (MPBE), the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, a hyperthermal event), the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) and the middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO). The shallow marine biotic community, on a global scale, reacted to such climatic warming events as the MPBE, PETM, EECO, and MECO, based on these diversity trends. Our data also show a pattern of an increase in the number of last occurrences followed by an increase in the number of first occurrences, which suggests that the overall increase in species diversity is due to faunal turnover, as has been interpreted for the large benthic foraminiferal turnover that occurred at the PETM.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/palo.2010.p10-109r","usgsCitation":"Whidden, K.J., and Jones, R.J., 2012, Correlation of early Paleogene global diversity patterns of large benthic foraminifera with Paleocene-Eocene hyperthermal events: Palaios, v. 27, no. 4, p. 235-251, https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2010.p10-109r.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-022808","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355480,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/palaios/article/27/4/235/146258/correlation-of-early-paleogene-global-diversity"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46f6ebe4b060350a15d3bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Robert J.","contributorId":206118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37250,"text":"Natural History Museum, London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157936,"text":"70157936 - 2012 - Mediterranean-type climate ecosystems and fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T17:00:31.810197","indexId":"70157936","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mediterranean-type climate ecosystems and fire","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, UK","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Bond, W.J., Bradstock, R.A., Pausas, J.G., and Rundel, P.W., 2012, Mediterranean-type climate ecosystems and fire, chap. <i>of</i> Fire in Mediterranean ecosystems: Ecology, evolution and management, p. 3-29.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018779","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6cce4b058f706e53d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":574477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, William J.","contributorId":81621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradstock, Ross A.","contributorId":42826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradstock","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pausas, Juli G.","contributorId":91347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"Juli","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":574481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042436,"text":"70042436 - 2012 - Land-cover change detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:41:55","indexId":"70042436","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"11","title":"Land-cover change detection","docAbstract":"<p>Land cover is the biophysical material on the surface of the earth. Land-cover types include grass, shrubs, trees, barren, water, and man-made features. Land cover changes continuously. &nbsp;The rate of change can be either dramatic and abrupt, such as the changes caused by logging, hurricanes and fire, or subtle and gradual, such as regeneration of forests and damage caused by insects (Verbesselt et al., 2001). &nbsp;Previous studies have shown that land cover has changed dramatically during the past sevearal centuries and that these changes have severely affected our ecosystems (Foody, 2010; Lambin et al., 2001). Lambin and Strahlers (1994b) summarized five types of cause for land-cover changes: (1) long-term natural changes in climate conditions, (2) geomorphological and ecological processes, (3) human-induced alterations of vegetation cover and landscapes, (4) interannual climate variability, and (5) human-induced greenhouse effect. &nbsp;Tools and techniques are needed to detect, describe, and predict these changes to facilitate sustainable management of natural resources.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","doi":"10.1201/b11964-14","isbn":"978-1-4200-7074-3","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., Giri, C., and Vogelmann, J., 2012, Land-cover change detection, chap. 11 <i>of</i> Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover, p. 153-176, https://doi.org/10.1201/b11964-14.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031500","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18634e4b05561fa206ac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Xuexia","contributorId":14213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Xuexia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":127752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70038285,"text":"70038285 - 2012 - Wildlife forestry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:53:04.684489","indexId":"70038285","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Wildlife forestry","docAbstract":"<p>Wildlife forestry is management of forest resources, within sites and across landscapes, to provide sustainable, desirable habitat conditions for all forest-dependent (silvicolous) fauna while concurrently yielding economically viable, quality timber products. In practice, however, management decisions associated with wildlife forestry often reflect a desire to provide suitable habitat for rare species, species with declining populations, and exploitable (i.e., game) species. Collectively, these species are deemed priority species and they are assumed to benefit from habitat conditions that result from prescribed silvicultural management actions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global perspectives on sustainable forest management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Intech","doi":"10.5772/34630","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 2012, Wildlife forestry, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Global perspectives on sustainable forest management, p. 161-190, https://doi.org/10.5772/34630.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"30","ipdsId":"IP-034378","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/34630","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0a9e4b072a7ac1298f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Okia, Clement A.","contributorId":300258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okia","given":"Clement","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":859739,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70194128,"text":"70194128 - 2012 - Landforms: Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T20:10:54.613573","indexId":"70194128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landforms: Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atlas of Yellowstone","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., 2012, Landforms: Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, chap. <i>of</i> Atlas of Yellowstone.","ipdsId":"IP-028098","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Woming","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.2640380859375,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7259521484375,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7259521484375,\n              45.120052841530544\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2640380859375,\n              45.120052841530544\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.2640380859375,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.31784057617188,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.31784057617188,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              44.071800467511565\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03881835937499,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6105a0e4b06e28e9c25573","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Marcus, A. W.","contributorId":201400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marcus","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725205,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meachan, J. E.","contributorId":201401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meachan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725206,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodman, A. W.","contributorId":201402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725207,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steingisser, Alethea","contributorId":201403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steingisser","given":"Alethea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725208,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193756,"text":"70193756 - 2012 - Use of electromagnetic induction methods to monitor remediation at the University of Connecticut landfill: 2004–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:46:34","indexId":"70193756","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of electromagnetic induction methods to monitor remediation at the University of Connecticut landfill: 2004–2011","docAbstract":"<p><span>Time‐lapse geophysical surveys using frequency‐domain electromagnetics (FDEM) can indirectly measure time‐varying hydrologic parameters such as fluid saturation or solute concentration. Monitoring of these processes provides insight into aquifer properties and the effectiveness of constructed controls (such as leachate interceptor trenches), as well as aquifer responses to natural or induced stresses. At the University of Connecticut landfill, noninvasive, electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods were used to monitor changes in subsurface electrical conductivity that were related to the landfill‐closure activities. After the landfill was closed, EMI methods were used to monitor changes in water saturation and water quality. As part of a long‐term monitoring plan to observe changes associated with closure, redevelopment, and remediation of the former landfill, EMI data were collected to supplement information from groundwater samples collected in wells to the south and north of the landfill. In comparison to single‐point measurements that could have been collected by conventional installation of additional monitoring wells, the EMI methods provided increased spatial coverage, and were less invasive and therefore less destructive to the wetland north of the landfill. To monitor effects of closure activities on the subsurface conductivity, EMI measurements were collected from 2004 to 2011 along discrete transects north and south of the landfill prior to, during, and after the landfill closure. In general, the results indicated an overall decline in subsurface electrical conductivity with time and with distance from the former landfill. This decline in electrical conductivity indicated that the closure and remediation efforts reduced the amount of leachate that originated from the landfill and that entered the drainages to the north and south of the landfill.</span><span></span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/1.4721692","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.D., White, E.A., and Joesten, P.K., 2012, Use of electromagnetic induction methods to monitor remediation at the University of Connecticut landfill: 2004–2011, <i>in</i> Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2012, p. 36-56, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.4721692.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-035804","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a71926fe4b0a9a2e9dbde11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Carole D. 0000-0001-6941-1578 cjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-1578","contributorId":1891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carole","email":"cjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Eric A. 0000-0002-7782-146X eawhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-146X","contributorId":1737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Eric","email":"eawhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":720229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193755,"text":"70193755 - 2012 - Advancing electrical geophysical characterization of DNAPL-contaminated fractured rock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:53:57","indexId":"70193755","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advancing electrical geophysical characterization of DNAPL-contaminated fractured rock aquifers","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Memorial Institute","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Johnosn, T., Slater, L., Ntarlagiannis, D., Lacombe, P., Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Johnson, C.D., Shapiro, A.M., Tiedeman, C.R., and Goode, D.J., 2012, Advancing electrical geophysical characterization of DNAPL-contaminated fractured rock aquifers, <i>in</i> Eighth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-037441","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.battelle.org/conference-proceedings/conference-proceedings"},{"id":350798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a71926fe4b0a9a2e9dbde16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Judith","contributorId":152111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Judith","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnosn, Timothy","contributorId":199862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnosn","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, Lee","contributorId":55707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios","contributorId":150729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ntarlagiannis","given":"Dimitrios","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre 0000-0002-9596-7622 placombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-7622","contributorId":152113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lane, John W. 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,{"id":70146239,"text":"70146239 - 2012 - Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-14T13:41:20","indexId":"70146239","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1262,"text":"Coastal Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-dependent onshore tsunami response","docAbstract":"<p><span>While bulk measures of the onshore impact of a tsunami, including the maximum run-up elevation and inundation distance, are important for hazard planning, the temporal evolution of the onshore flow dynamics likely controls the extent of the onshore destruction and the erosion and deposition of sediment that occurs. However, the time-varying dynamics of actual tsunamis are even more difficult to measure in situ than the bulk parameters. Here, a numerical model based on the non-linear shallow water equations is used to examine the effects variations in the wave characteristics, bed slope, and bottom roughness have on the temporal evolution of the onshore flow. Model results indicate that the onshore flow dynamics vary significantly over the parameter space examined. For example, the flow dynamics over steep, smooth morphologies tend to be temporally symmetric, with similar magnitude velocities generated during the run-up and run-down phases of inundation. Conversely, on shallow, rough onshore topographies the flow dynamics tend to be temporally skewed toward the run-down phase of inundation, with the magnitude of the flow velocities during run-up and run-down being significantly different. Furthermore, for near-breaking tsunami waves inundating over steep topography, the flow velocity tends to accelerate almost instantaneously to a maximum and then decrease monotonically. Conversely, when very long waves inundate over shallow topography, the flow accelerates more slowly and can remain steady for a period of time before beginning to decelerate. These results indicate that a single set of assumptions concerning the onshore flow dynamics cannot be applied to all tsunamis, and site specific analyses may be required.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","usgsCitation":"Apotsos, A., Gelfenbaum, G.R., and Jaffe, B.E., 2012, Time-dependent onshore tsunami response: Coastal Engineering, v. 64, p. 73-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031593","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a30e4b0b22a157fa0b1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.001","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Apotsos Alex, Gelfenbaum Guy, Jaffe Bruce","journalName":"Coastal Engineering","publicationDate":"6/2012"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Apotsos, Alex","contributorId":60997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Apotsos","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193004,"text":"70193004 - 2012 - Design and implementation of the next generation Landsat satellite communications system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T10:53:10","indexId":"70193004","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Design and implementation of the next generation Landsat satellite communications system","docAbstract":"<p>The next generation Landsat satellite, Landsat 8 (L8), also known as the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), uses a highly spectrally efficient modulation and data formatting approach to provide large amounts of downlink (D/L) bandwidth in a limited X-Band spectrum allocation. In addition to purely data throughput and bandwidth considerations, there were a number of additional constraints based on operational considerations for prevention of interference with the NASA Deep-Space Network (DSN) band just above the L8 D/L band, minimization of jitter contributions to prevent impacts to instrument performance, and the need to provide an interface to the Landsat International Cooperator (IC) community. A series of trade studies were conducted to consider either X- or Ka-Band, modulation type, and antenna coverage type, prior to the release of the request for proposal (RFP) for the spacecraft. Through use of the spectrally efficient rate-7/8 Low-Density Parity-Check error-correction coding and novel filtering, an XBand frequency plan was developed that balances all the constraints and considerations, while providing world-class link performance, fitting 384 Mbits/sec of data into the 375 MHz X-Band allocation with bit-error rates better than 10-12 using an earth-coverage antenna.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings from the International Telemetering Conference ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Foundation for Telemetering","usgsCitation":"Mah, G.R., O’Brien, M., Garon, H., Mott, C., Ames, A., and Dearth, K., 2012, Design and implementation of the next generation Landsat satellite communications system, <i>in</i> Proceedings from the International Telemetering Conference , 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-038940","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347674,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/581626"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6105a0e4b06e28e9c2557f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mah, Grant R. 0000-0002-2584-3915 mah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2584-3915","contributorId":4087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mah","given":"Grant","email":"mah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, Michael mobrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":4333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Michael","email":"mobrien@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garon, Howard","contributorId":198902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garon","given":"Howard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mott, Claire","contributorId":198901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mott","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ames, Alan","contributorId":198900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ames","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dearth, Ken","contributorId":198903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dearth","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187162,"text":"70187162 - 2012 - La información satelital para la gestión ante desastres—La Carta Internacional del Espacio, los grandes desastres y la experiencia de el USGS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:31:59","indexId":"70187162","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"La información satelital para la gestión ante desastres—La Carta Internacional del Espacio, los grandes desastres y la experiencia de el USGS","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desastres—Costa Rica en el tercer melenio desafíos y propuestas para la reducción de vulnerabilidad","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Constrastes Vivos de Costa Rica","publisherLocation":"San José, Costa Rica","usgsCitation":"Jones, B., 2012, La información satelital para la gestión ante desastres—La Carta Internacional del Espacio, los grandes desastres y la experiencia de el USGS, chap. <i>of</i> Desastres—Costa Rica en el tercer melenio desafíos y propuestas para la reducción de vulnerabilidad, p. 367-380.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"380","ipdsId":"IP-033621","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.preventec.ucr.ac.cr/libro_desastre_costa_rica_tercer_milenio"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006067e4b0e85db3a5de11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Brenda 0000-0003-4941-5349 bkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5349","contributorId":2994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Brenda","email":"bkjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70154812,"text":"70154812 - 2012 - Exploring similarities among many species distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T11:25:31","indexId":"70154812","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Exploring similarities among many species distributions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Collecting species presence data and then building models to predict species distribution has been long practiced in the field of ecology for the purpose of improving our understanding of species relationships with each other and with the environment. Due to limitations of computing power as well as limited means of using modeling software on HPC facilities, past species distribution studies have been unable to fully explore diverse data sets. We build a system that can, for the first time to our knowledge, leverage HPC to support effective exploration of species similarities in distribution as well as their dependencies on common environmental conditions. Our system can also compute and reveal uncertainties in the modeling results enabling domain experts to make informed judgments about the data. Our work was motivated by and centered around data collection efforts within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park that date back to the 1940s. Our findings present new research opportunities in ecology and produce actionable field-work items for biodiversity management personnel to include in their planning of daily management activities.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the eXtreme to the campus and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the eXtreme to the campus and beyond","conferenceDate":"July 16-20, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","publisher":"ACM","doi":"10.1145/2335755.2335835","usgsCitation":"Simmerman, S., Wang, J., Osborne, J., Shook, K., Huang, J., Godsoe, W., and Simons, T.R., 2012, Exploring similarities among many species distributions, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the eXtreme to the campus and beyond, Chicago, IL, July 16-20, 2012, art38, https://doi.org/10.1145/2335755.2335835.","productDescription":"art38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038608","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa32e4b0518e3546bc3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simmerman, Scott","contributorId":146748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmerman","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Jingyuan","contributorId":10771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jingyuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Osborne, James","contributorId":92188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborne","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shook, Kimberly","contributorId":146749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shook","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hu, Jia","contributorId":146750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Jia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godsoe, William","contributorId":131175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godsoe","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6711,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042505,"text":"70042505 - 2012 - Physiological ecology of desert biocrust moss following 10 years exposure to elevated CO2: Evidence for enhanced photosynthetic thermotolerance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T13:50:32.692241","indexId":"70042505","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3072,"text":"Physiologia Plantarum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Physiological ecology of desert biocrust moss following 10 years exposure to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>: Evidence for enhanced photosynthetic thermotolerance","title":"Physiological ecology of desert biocrust moss following 10 years exposure to elevated CO2: Evidence for enhanced photosynthetic thermotolerance","docAbstract":"In arid regions, biomes particularly responsive to climate change, mosses play an important biogeochemical role as key components of biocrusts. Using the biocrust moss Syntrichia caninervis collected from the Nevada Desert Free Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment Facility, we examined the physiological effects of 10 years of exposure to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, and the effect of high temperature events on the photosynthetic performance of moss grown in CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched air. Moss exposed to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> exhibited a 46% decrease in chlorophyll, a 20% increase in carbon and no difference in either nitrogen content or photosynthetic performance. However, when subjected to high temperatures (35–40°C), mosses from the elevated CO2 environment showed higher photosynthetic performance and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency compared to those grown in ambient conditions, potentially reflective of a shift in nitrogen allocation to components that offer a higher resistance of PSII to heat stress. This result suggests that mosses may respond to climate change in markedly different ways than vascular plants, and observed CO<sub>2</sub>-induced photosynthetic thermotolerance in S. caninervis will likely have consequences for future desert biogeochemistry.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01566.x","usgsCitation":"Coe, K.K., Belnap, J., Grote, E.E., and Sparks, J.P., 2012, Physiological ecology of desert biocrust moss following 10 years exposure to elevated CO2: Evidence for enhanced photosynthetic thermotolerance: Physiologia Plantarum, v. 144, no. 4, p. 346-356, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01566.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"346","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-017442","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf8e4b075500ee5ca86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, Kirsten K.","contributorId":51619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grote, Edmund E. 0000-0002-9103-9482","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482","contributorId":78852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grote","given":"Edmund","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sparks, Jed P.","contributorId":57578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"Jed","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042487,"text":"70042487 - 2012 - A comparison of selected parametric and imputation methods for estimating snag density and snag quality attributes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T14:51:19","indexId":"70042487","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of selected parametric and imputation methods for estimating snag density and snag quality attributes","docAbstract":"Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that allow multivariate estimation of snag density by snag quality class. Using climate, topography, Landsat TM data, stand age and forest type collected for 2356 forested Forest Inventory and Analysis plots in western Washington and western Oregon, we evaluated two multivariate techniques for their abilities to estimate density of snags by three decay classes. The density of live trees and snags in three decay classes (D1: recently dead, little decay; D2: decay, without top, some branches and bark missing; D3: extensive decay, missing bark and most branches) with diameter at breast height (DBH) &#8805; 12.7 cm was estimated using a nonparametric random forest nearest neighbor imputation technique (RF) and a parametric two-stage model (QPORD), for which the number of trees per hectare was estimated with a Quasipoisson model in the first stage and the probability of belonging to a tree status class (live, D1, D2, D3) was estimated with an ordinal regression model in the second stage. The presence of large snags with DBH &#8805; 50 cm was predicted using a logistic regression and RF imputation. Because of the more homogenous conditions on private forest lands, snag density by decay class was predicted with higher accuracies on private forest lands than on public lands, while presence of large snags was more accurately predicted on public lands, owing to the higher prevalence of large snags on public lands. RF outperformed the QPORD model in terms of percent accurate predictions, while QPORD provided smaller root mean square errors in predicting snag density by decay class. The logistic regression model achieved more accurate presence/absence classification of large snags than the RF imputation approach. Adjusting the decision threshold to account for unequal size for presence and absence classes is more straightforward for the logistic regression than for the RF imputation approach. Overall, model accuracies were poor in this study, which can be attributed to the poor predictive quality of the explanatory variables and the large range of forest types and geographic conditions observed in the data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.041","usgsCitation":"Eskelson, B., Hagar, J., and Temesgen, H., 2012, A comparison of selected parametric and imputation methods for estimating snag density and snag quality attributes: Forest Ecology and Management, p. 26-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.041.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-030546","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265659,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.041"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f536f3e4b0114312ab01ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eskelson, Bianca","contributorId":7556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eskelson","given":"Bianca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Temesgen, Hailemariam","contributorId":11053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Temesgen","given":"Hailemariam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70032602,"text":"70032602 - 2012 - Hierarchy in factors affecting fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T18:35:45.60633","indexId":"70032602","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hierarchy in factors affecting fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"<p><span>River-floodplain ecosystems offer some of the most diverse and dynamic environments in the world. Accordingly, floodplain habitats harbor diverse fish assemblages. Fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes may be influenced by multiple variables operating on disparate scales, and these variables may exhibit a hierarchical organization depending on whether one variable governs another. In this study, we examined the interaction between primary variables descriptive of floodplain lake large-scale features, suites of secondary variables descriptive of water quality and primary productivity, and a set of tertiary variables descriptive of fish biodiversity across a range of floodplain lakes in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Mississippi and Arkansas (USA). Lakes varied considerably in their representation of primary, secondary, and tertiary variables. Multivariate direct gradient analyses indicated that lake maximum depth and the percentage of agricultural land surrounding a lake were the most important factors controlling variation in suites of secondary and tertiary variables, followed to a lesser extent by lake surface area. Fish biodiversity was generally greatest in large, deep lakes with lower proportions of watershed agricultural land. Our results may help foster a holistic approach to floodplain lake management and suggest the framework for a feedback model wherein primary variables can be manipulated for conservation and restoration purposes and secondary and tertiary variables can be used to monitor the success of such efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9923-y","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Dembkowski, D., and Miranda, L., 2012, Hierarchy in factors affecting fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 93, no. 3, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9923-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213978,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9923-y"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley region of Mississippi and Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.285400390625,\n              32.690243035492266\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.845947265625,\n              32.759562025650126\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7855224609375,\n              33.902336404480685\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2801513671875,\n              34.67839374011646\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84069824218749,\n              35.44724605551148\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5877685546875,\n              35.51881428123057\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3568115234375,\n              33.911454454267606\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.285400390625,\n              32.690243035492266\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a7e4b0c8380cd5d822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dembkowski, D.J.","contributorId":31995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dembkowski","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":437015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70032693,"text":"70032693 - 2012 - Field experiment provides ground truth for surface nuclear magnetic resonance measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T14:31:18","indexId":"70032693","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field experiment provides ground truth for surface nuclear magnetic resonance measurement","docAbstract":"<p><span>The need for sustainable management of fresh water resources is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. Since most of the planet's liquid fresh water exists as groundwater, it is essential to develop non-invasive geophysical techniques to characterize groundwater aquifers. A field experiment was conducted in the High Plains Aquifer, central United States, to explore the mechanisms governing the non-invasive Surface NMR (SNMR) technology. We acquired both SNMR data and logging NMR data at a field site, along with lithology information from drill cuttings. This allowed us to directly compare the NMR relaxation parameter measured during logging,</span><i>T</i><sub>2</sub><span>, to the relaxation parameter<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>2</sub><span>* measured using the SNMR method. The latter can be affected by inhomogeneity in the magnetic field, thus obscuring the link between the NMR relaxation parameter and the hydraulic conductivity of the geologic material. When the logging<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>2</sub><span>data were transformed to pseudo-</span><i>T</i><sub>2</sub><span>* data, by accounting for inhomogeneity in the magnetic field and instrument dead time, we found good agreement with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><sub>2</sub><span>* obtained from the SNMR measurement. These results, combined with the additional information about lithology at the site, allowed us to delineate the physical mechanisms governing the SNMR measurement. Such understanding is a critical step in developing SNMR as a reliable geophysical method for the assessment of groundwater resources.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2011GL050167","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Grunewald, E., Irons, T., Dlubac, K., Song, Y., Bachman, H., Grau, B., Walsh, D., Abraham, J., and Cannia, J., 2012, Field experiment provides ground truth for surface nuclear magnetic resonance measurement: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, no. 3, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050167.","productDescription":"7 p. 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