{"pageNumber":"1695","pageRowStart":"42350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68937,"records":[{"id":65608,"text":"i2344 - 1993 - Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 40102 Quadrangle (revised), Alba Patera Region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:06","indexId":"i2344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2344","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 40102 Quadrangle (revised), Alba Patera Region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2344","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 40102 Quadrangle (revised), Alba Patera Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2344, 1 remote-sensing image ;62 x 49 cm., on sheet 97 x 56 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2344.","productDescription":"1 remote-sensing image ;62 x 49 cm., on sheet 97 x 56 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101058,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2344/plate-1.pdf","size":"11990","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255412,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2344/report.pdf","size":"24","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"502000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 10,37.5 ], [ 10,42.5 ], [ 105,42.5 ], [ 105,37.5 ], [ 10,37.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27086,"text":"wri914107 - 1993 - Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T14:32:14","indexId":"wri914107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4107","title":"Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake-a recreational lake in a densely populated area of southeastern Wisconsin was studied from October 1, 1987 through September 30,1989.</p>\n<p>A drought in 1988 affected the hydrologic budget of Wind Lake in water years 1988-89. Precipitation was 5.9 inches less than normal in water year 1988 but was 2.3 inches greater than normal in water year 1989. Streamflows were near normal in water year 1988 and 25 percent less than normal in water year 1989 as indicated by data from a nearby streamflow-gaging station. Surface runoff was the dominant source of water to the lake in water year 1988 and 75 percent of the inflow was from Big Muskego Lake.</p>\n<p>The water level in Big Muskego Lake was 1.1 feet below the dam crest at the start of the 1989 water year because of the 1988 drought. About 2,510 acre-feet of water had to fill Big Muskego Lake before water could discharge to Wind Lake. In water year 1989, surface runoff was still the dominant source of water to the lake, but Big Muskego Lake only contributed 52 percent of the water inflow.</p>\n<p>Streamflow dominated the outflow budget for both years. In water year 1988, 88 percent of the outflow budget left by way of Wind Lake outlet and 12 percent evaporated from the lake surface. In water year 1989, 81 percent of the outflow budget left by way of Wind Lake outlet and 19 percent evaporated from the lake surface. On the basis of outflow from Wind Lake for water year 1988, the hydraulic residence time was 0.46 year; in water year 1989 it was 1.05 years.</p>\n<p>The total phosphorus input to Wind Lake from external sources was the same for both years, 3,160 pounds. The largest percentage of the phosphorus load came from Big Muskego Lake-- 70 percent in water year 1988 and 65 percent in water year 1989. Analysis of data by use of Vollenweider's model indicates that the phosphorus loadings for each year would cause eutrophic conditions. Data from a nearby gaging station indicate that phosphorus loading to Wind Lake was less than normal. Phosphorus retention in the lake is small and averages 14 percent of the incoming load for both years.</p>\n<p>Oxygen depletion occurs in the bottom waters during winter and summer months. A maximum anoxic zone was reached on July 18, 1988, when depths greater than 15 feet (about 21 percent of the lake bottom area) were anoxic.</p>\n<p>Total phosphorus concentrations at the lake surface for both years ranged from 11 to 78 micrograms per liter. Mean total phosphorus concentrations in June, July, and August that had averaged 49 micrograms per liter in 1985 through 1987 declined to 20 micrograms per liter in water year 1988 and 22 micrograms per liter in water year 1989. This reduction was related to the drought and reduced phosphorus loadings.</p>\n<p>Phosphorus concentrations 1.5 feet above the lake bottom increase during summer anoxic periods. The phosphorus concentration increased at a rate of 5.2 and 4.8 micrograms per liter per day for total and dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus. A maximum concentration of 760 micrograms per liter of total phosphorus and 650 micrograms per liter of dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus occurred on September 21, 1988, just before autumn turnover. Internal loading of phosphorus for the period October 15, 1987 through October 14, 1988, was estimated to be 2,890 pounds. This represents 48 percent of the combined internal and external total-phosphorus input of 5,960 pounds.</p>\n<p>Algal populations in water year 1988 ranged from 28,200 to 1,610,000 cells per milliliter. A total of 143 species were identified. Blue-green algae dominated the algal population and ranged from 56 percent (February 16, 1988) to 99 percent (five other sampling dates). Aphanocapsa delicatissima caused the largest algal bloom, which reached a maximum concentration of 934,000 cells per milliliter (September 7, 1988).</p>\n<p>Zooplankton populations in water year 1988 ranged from 52.5 to 686 organisms per liter. Eighteen species were identified. The cladoceran, Daphnia, dominated 12 of the 18 samples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wind Lake Management District","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4107, vii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914107.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55952,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4107/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Big Muskego Lake, Littel Muskego Lake, Wind Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.21025848388672,\n              42.80018704068213\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.21025848388672,\n              42.95340721665942\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0502700805664,\n              42.95340721665942\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.0502700805664,\n              42.80018704068213\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.21025848388672,\n              42.80018704068213\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e80f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4484,"text":"cir1120C - 1993 - Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River basin, July through August 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T14:21:10","indexId":"cir1120C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1120","chapter":"C","title":"Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River basin, July through August 1993","docAbstract":"Heavy rainfall and severe flooding in the upper Mississippi River Basin from mid-June through early August 1993 flushed extraordinarily large amounts of agricultural chemicals (herbicides and nitrate) into the Mississippi River, many of its tributaries, and, ultimately, the Gulf of Mexico. Even though extremely high streamflows were recorded during the flood in 1993, concentrations of herbicides, such as atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, and metolachlor, were similar to the maximum concentrations measured during spring and summer 1991 and 1992. It was anticipated that the higher streamflows during the flood would dilute the concentrations of herbicides that are usually flushed into streams in late spring and summer. Instead, concentrations were similar to those measured during much lower flows, but the daily loads of herbicides transported in some reaches of the Mississippi River were higher than those measured in 1991 and 1992. The total atrazine load transported to the Gulf of Mexico from April through August 1993 (539,000 kilograms) was about 80 percent higher than that for the same period in 1991 and 235 percent higher than for the same period in 1992. The concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine in a few individual samples exceeded health-based limits for drinking water. However, because drinking-water regulations are based on the average of at least four quarterly samples, the annual average concentrations in the Mississippi River probably will not exceed these limits for 1993. Nitrate concentrations were similar to those measured during spring and summer 1991 and 1992. The loads of nitrate-nitrogen transported into the Gulf of Mexico during July and August 1993 were as much as 5,734 metric tons per day. These loads generally are similar to those measured in spring 1991 and 1992 but larger than those measured in summer 1991 and 1992. The total nitrate-nitrogen load transported to the Gulf of Mexico from April through August 1993 (827,000 metric tons) was about 37 percent larger than that for this same period in 1991 and 112 percent larger than that for the same period in 1992. The transport of extraordinarily high loads of nitrate and large amounts of fresh-water into the Gulf of Mexico during midsummer when primary production is highest could increase phytoplankton biomass and affect the gulf ecosystem along the Louisiana coast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1120C","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1993, Occurrence and transport of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River basin, July through August 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1120C.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1120_C.bmp"},{"id":529,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1120-c","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.2294921875,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.50390625,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7685546875,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4501953125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.23046875,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.0654296875,\n              31.541089879585808\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              29.305561325527698\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9892578125,\n              28.34306490482549\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              30.486550842588485\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              32.13840869677249\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              35.96022296929667\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              41.57436130598913\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              44.05601169578525\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.2294921875,\n              45.89000815866184\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691e8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, Donald A.","contributorId":46083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26024,"text":"wri934112 - 1993 - Hydrogeology, geochemistry, and quality of water of The Basin and Oak Spring areas of the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:21:41","indexId":"wri934112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4112","title":"Hydrogeology, geochemistry, and quality of water of The Basin and Oak Spring areas of the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Test drilling near two sewage lagoons in The Basin area of the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas, has shown that the alluvium and colluvium on which the lagoons are located is not saturated in the immediate vicinity of the lagoons. A shallow aquifer, therefore, does not exist in this critical area at and near the lagoons. Should seepage outflow from the lagoons occur, the effluent from the lagoons might eventually be incorporated into shallow ground water moving westward in the direction of Oak Spring. Under these conditions such water could reach the spring. Test borings that bottomed in bedrock below the alluvial and colluvial fill material are dry, indicating that no substantial leakage from the lagoons was detected. Therefore, no contaminant plume was identified. Fill material in The Basin does not contain water everywhere in its extensive outcropping area and supplies only a small quantity of ground water to Window Pouroff, which is the only natural surface outlet of The Basin.</p>\n<p>Oak Spring, which is almost 2 miles downgradient from the lagoons, is the sole source of water for The Basin the principal tourist area in Big Bend National Park. Test drilling in the Oak Spring area revealed that the aquifer in the immediate vicinity of Oak Spring is a 5-foot thick sand bed hydraulically confined above and below by relatively thick, compact clay. The sand bed might be bounded locally by faults to the east and west of the spring. The test drilling and seismic surveys in the area also established the existence of a thick, extensive, surficial layer of colluvium consisting of large rhyolite boulders. The colluvial layer, which overlies sedimentary bedrock containing the Oak Spring aquifer, was unsaturated at the borehole sites.</p>\n<p>Information from drilling and from hydrogeologic observation indicates that the water from Oak Spring originates as precipitation in the Oak Spring area west of The Basin, with possibly a contribution originating as discharge from The Basin. The rhyolite boulder field in the Oak Spring area, which includes talus from Vernon Bailey Peak, is an effective receptacle for rapid recharge of precipitation. This water could then be efficiently routed into the Oak Spring aquifer in places to the east of Oak Spring where any shallow ground water in the boulder field might enter the subcropping truncated aquifer.</p>\n<p>Water-chemistry data, hydrochemical facies, and isotopic data also indicate that water from Oak Spring originates principally from precipitation onto the land surface of the Oak Spring area. Tritium data indicate that Oak Spring water is \"modern,\" with an average age of recharge less than 14 years. The flow rates recorded almost continuously at Oak Spring beginning in December 1986 show a close relation between precipitation and discharge. The highest recorded spring flow of 167 gallons per minute in December 1986 is attributed to record high precipitation in the area during 1986. The lowest recorded flow of 22.4 gallons per minute, in December 1989, followed a period of 20 out of 26 months of below-normal precipitation. Flow at Oak Spring typically lags behind precipitation by about 1 month. This fairly rapid response indicates the spring is fed by a shallow aquifer having good permeability and effective recharge areas with the ability to absorb precipitation rapidly.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri934112","usgsCitation":"Baker, E.T., and Buszka, P., 1993, Hydrogeology, geochemistry, and quality of water of The Basin and Oak Spring areas of the Chisos Mountains, Big Bend National Park, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4112, v, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934112.","productDescription":"v, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4112/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54801,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.36212158203125,\n              29.24446853982615\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.36212158203125,\n              29.28220663151896\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.25878143310545,\n              29.28220663151896\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.25878143310545,\n              29.24446853982615\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.36212158203125,\n              29.24446853982615\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61488e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, E. T. Jr.","contributorId":88366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buszka, P.M.","contributorId":49001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26018,"text":"wri924146 - 1993 - Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri924146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4146","title":"Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields","docAbstract":"A comprehensive hydrologic investigation of the Jackson area in Madison County, Tennessee, was conducted to provide information for the development of a wellhead-protection program for two municipal well fields. The136-square-mile study area is between the Middle Fork Forked Deer and South Fork Forked Deer Rivers and includes the city of Jackson.\r\n\r\nThe formations that underlie and crop out in the study area, in descending order, are the Memphis Sand, Fort Pillow Sand, and Porters Creek Clay. The saturated thickness of the Memphis Sand ranges from 0 to 270 feet; the Fort Pillow Sand, from 0 to 180 feet. The Porters Creek Clay, which ranges from 130 to 320 feet thick, separates a deeper formation, the McNairy Sand, from the shallower units. Estimates by other investigators of hydraulic conductivity for the Memphis Sand range from 80 to 202 feet per day. Estimates of transmissivity of the Memphis Sand range from 2,700 to 33,000 feet squared per day. Estimates of hydraulic conductivity for the Fort Pillow Sand range from 68 to 167 feet per day, and estimates of transmissivity of that unit range from 6,700 to 10,050 feet squared per day.\r\n\r\nA finite-difference, ground-water flow model was calibrated to steady-state hydrologic conditions of April 1989, and was used to simulate hypothetical pumping plans for the North and South Well Fields. The aquifers were represented as three layers in the model to simulate the ground-water flow system. Layer 1 is the saturated part of the Memphis Sand; layer 2 is the upper half of the Fort Pillow Sand; and layer 3 is the lower half of the Fort Pillow Sand.\r\n\r\nThe steady-state water budget of the simulated system showed that more than half of the inflow to the ground-water system is underflow from the model boundaries. Most of this inflow is discharged as seepage to the rivers and to pumping wells. Slightly less than half of the inflow is from areal recharge and recharge from streams. About 75 percent of the discharge from the system is into the streams, lakes, and out of the model area through a small quantity of ground-water underflow. The remaining 25 percent is discharge to pumping wells.\r\n\r\nThe calibrated model was modified to simulate the effects on the ground-water system of three hypothetical pumping plans that increased pumping from the North Well Field to up to 20 million gallons per day, and from the South Well Field, to up to 15 million gallons per day. Maximum drawdown resulting from the 20 million-gallons-per-day rate of simulated pumping was 44.7 feet in a node containing a pumping well, and maximum drawdown over an extended area was about 38 feet. Up to 34 percent of ground-water seepage to streams in the calibrated model was intercepted by pumping in the simulations. A maximum of 9 percent more water was induced through model boundaries.\r\n\r\nA particle-tracking program, MODPATH, was used to delineate areas contributing water to the North and South Well Fields for the calibrated model and the three pumping simulations, and to estimate distances for different times-of-travel to the wells. The size of the area contributing water to the North Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.8 miles for the calibrated model and pumping plan 1. The size of the area for pumping plan 2 is 1.1 by 2.0 miles and, for pumping plan 3, 1.6 by 2.2 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 200 to 800 feet for the calibrated model and plan 1, and 350 to 950 feet for plans 2 and 3.\r\n\r\nThe size of the area contributing water to the South Well Field, defined by the 5-year time-of-travel capture zone, is about 0.8 by 1.4 miles for the calibrated model. The size of the area for pumping plans 1 and 3 is 1.6 by 2.2 miles and, for pumping plan 2, 1.1 by 1.7 miles. The range of distance for l-year time-of-travel to individual wells is 120 to 530 feet for the calibrated model, 670 to 1,300 feet for pumping plans 1 and 3, and 260 to 850 feet","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924146","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., 1993, Hydrology of the Jackson, Tennessee, area and delineation of areas contributing ground water to the Jackson well fields: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4146, v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924146.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2020,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_92_4146.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17034,"text":"ofr92723 - 1993 - Data report for a seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection investigation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T09:59:34","indexId":"ofr92723","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-723","title":"Data report for a seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection investigation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in South Carolina","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92723","usgsCitation":"Luetgert, J., Benz, H., Criley, E., and Li, S., 1993, Data report for a seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection investigation of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-723, 35 p .  :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92723.","productDescription":"35 p .  :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0723/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46166,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0723/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luetgert, J.H.","contributorId":69993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Criley, E.E.","contributorId":79498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Song-Lin","contributorId":53230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Song-Lin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2320,"text":"wsp2398 - 1993 - Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20125,"text":"ofr9165 - 1992 - Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","indexId":"ofr9165","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2320,"text":"wsp2398 - 1993 - Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","indexId":"wsp2398","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2398","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2398","title":"Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2398","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., 1993, Water movement and water chemistry in the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2398, vi, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2398.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2398/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28160,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2398/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9cbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18623,"text":"ofr93163 - 1993 - Water-quality and biological data for selected streams, lakes, and wells in the High Point Lake watershed, Guilford County, North Carolina, 1988-89","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:06:24","indexId":"ofr93163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-163","title":"Water-quality and biological data for selected streams, lakes, and wells in the High Point Lake watershed, Guilford County, North Carolina, 1988-89","docAbstract":"Water and bottom-sediment samples were collected at 26 sites in the 65-square-mile High Point Lake watershed area of Guilford County, North Carolina, from December 1988 through December 1989. Sampling locations included 10 stream sites, 8 lake sites, and 8 ground-water sites. Generally, six steady-flow samples were collected at each stream site and three storm samples were collected at five sites. Four lake samples and eight ground-water samples also were collected. Chemical analyses of stream and lake sediments and particle-size analyses of lake sediments were performed once during the study.\r\n\r\nMost stream and lake samples were analyzed for field characteristics, nutrients, major ions, trace elements, total organic carbon, and chemical-oxygen demand. Analyses were performed to detect concentrations of 149 selected organic compounds, including acid and base/neutral extractable and volatile constituents and carbamate, chlorophenoxy acid, triazine, organochlorine, and organophosphorus pesticides and herbicides. Selected lake samples were analyzed for all constituents listed in the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986, including Giardia, Legionella, radiochemicals, asbestos, and viruses. Various chromatograms from organic analyses were submitted to computerized library searches. The results of these and all other analyses presented in this report are in tabular form.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93163","usgsCitation":"Davenport, M., 1993, Water-quality and biological data for selected streams, lakes, and wells in the High Point Lake watershed, Guilford County, North Carolina, 1988-89: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-163, x, 144 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93163.","productDescription":"x, 144 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47963,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Guilford County","otherGeospatial":"High Point Lake watershed","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.0368,36.2543],[-79.8315,36.2505],[-79.686,36.2462],[-79.532,36.2416],[-79.5362,36.023],[-79.5421,35.9001],[-79.7425,35.9084],[-79.7493,35.9084],[-79.8987,35.915],[-79.9833,35.9182],[-80.0469,35.9209],[-80.043,36.0103],[-80.0368,36.2543]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Guilford\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, M.S.","contributorId":23553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davenport","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26083,"text":"wri934201 - 1993 - Concentrations of tritium and strontium-90 in water from selected wells at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory after purging one, two, and three borehole volumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri934201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4201","title":"Concentrations of tritium and strontium-90 in water from selected wells at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory after purging one, two, and three borehole volumes","docAbstract":"Water from 11 wells completed in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory was sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's quality assurance program to determine the effect of purging different borehole volumes on tritium and strontium-90 concentrations. Wells were selected for sampling on the basis of the length of time it took to purge a borehole volume of water. Samples were collected after purging one, two, and three borehole volumes. The U.S. Department of Energy's Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory provided analytical services. Statistics were used to determine the reproducibility of analytical results. The comparison between tritium and strontium-90 concentrations after purging one and three borehole volumes and two and three borehole volumes showed that all but two sample pairs with defined numbers were in statistical agreement. Results indicate that concentrations of tritium and strontium-90 are not affected measurably by the number of borehole volumes purged.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934201","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., 1993, Concentrations of tritium and strontium-90 in water from selected wells at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory after purging one, two, and three borehole volumes: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4201, iv, 21 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934201.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4201/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54853,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4caa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65736,"text":"i2091B - 1993 - Map showing depth to basement in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:06","indexId":"i2091B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2091","chapter":"B","title":"Map showing depth to basement in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of cruises, EEZSCAN 84 (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986), to collect reconnaissance data on the newly proclaimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the area out to 200 nautical miles from the coastline of the United States. The cruises systematically surveyed the entire conterminous United States west coast EEZ using the Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic (GLORIA) side-scan sonar, a 160-in<sup>3</sup> airgun seismic-reflection profiler, a 3.5-kHz high-resolution seismic-reflection profiler, a 10-kHz echo sounder, and a proton-precession magnetometer. The nominal trackline spacing throughout the survey was 30 km.\nDerivative maps of sediment thickness (I-2089-A, I-2090-A, I-2091-A) and depth to basement (I-2089-B, I-2090-B, I-2091-B) in the basins of the west coast EEZ were compiled from both the sonar-image dala and the deep-penetration seismic data obtained on these cruises. Only EEZ-SCAN 84 data were used for the map compilations because available data from other cruises in this region are sparsely located, have poor navigational control, or were obtained with seismic systems that were not powerful enough to resolve oceanic basement. For this map series, sediment thickness and depth to basement were determined only in the deep-ocean basin regions because the seismic system used on the EEZ-SCAN 84 cruises could not resolve oceanic basement beneath the thick sediments of the continental slope. All the data used to compile the maps are presented in the \"Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States\" (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986).\nBasement Outcrops\nGLORIA imagery was used to locate areas of basement outcrop throughout the region. Where possible, sediment thickness on and immediately adjacent to basement outcrops was measured from seismic data. Where there was no bathymetric or seismic control, a seamount peak was assumed to have no sediment cover. A pattern is used on the map to indicate all basement outcrops.\nData Reduction\nAcoustic basement in the basins, invariably oceanic Layer 2, was observed on all of the seismic records. One-way traveltime was measured from the sea floor to acoustic basement. Because the trackline spacing of about 30 km is relatively large compared to the data density along track, we chose to measure the sediment thickness every 0.5 hour or at an interval of approximately 7.5 km. Water depth was measured with a 10-kHz profiler. Depth to basement was calculated using the sea surface as the zero datum and adding the corrected water depth (Carter, 1980) to the sediment thickness. Acoustic travel times were converted to depths by first calculating a regression equation from the interval velocity versus depth data of Connard and others (1984). Their data base comprises a compilation of all available Deep Sea Drilling Project data plus wide-angle refraction data, which were collected in Cascadia Basin west of Oregon and represents the best data set available for the United States west coast EEZ. The regression equation was integrated to determine sediment thickness as a function of one-way traveltime . The resulting equation is\nz = 1400t + 0 .5t<sup>2</sup>\nwhere z is sediment thickness in meters, and t is one-way traveltime in seconds. Sediment thicknesses calculated using this equation were compared to values calculated from the general equation of Carlson and others (1986). Values for sediment thickness calculated by the two equations differed by no greater than 10 percent throughout the range of travel times.\nBathymetry\nThe bathymetry is from Chase and others (1981). The bathymetric data were compiled from a variety of sources, and data quality is inconsistent. Because of differences in navigational precision and density of coverage, the bathymetric contours of a feature may be at a different location than the corresponding isopleths derived from the EEZ-SCAN 84 data, or a feature may not be indicated on the bathymetry at all. These situations occur because either the feature is poorly located in the bathymetric data set or, especially in the outer EEZ, the bathymetric data are too sparse to have defined the existence of a feature.\nAcknowledgments\nTopographic digital data bases were corrected and verified by Christina Lief. Gerald Evenden developed the computer software system MAPGEN, used to compose this map. Reviews, suggestions, and technical contributions from Edward C. Escowitz and Florence Wong and advice about cartographic design from Will Stettner substantially improved the quality of this map.\nReferences Cited\nCarlson, R.L., Gangi, A.F., and Snow, K.R., 1986, Empirical reflection-traveltime/ depth and velocity/depth functions for the deep-sea sediment column: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8249-8266.\nCarter, D.J.T., 1980, Echo-sounding correction tables: Taunton, United Kingdom, Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, 150 p.\nChase, T.E., Wilde, Pat, Normark, W.R, Miller, C.P., Seekins, B.A., and Young, J.D., 1981, Offshore topography of the Western United States between 32&deg; and 49&deg; North latitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-443, scale 1:864,518 at 38&deg; latitude, 2 sheets.\nConnard, G., Couch, R., Keeling , K., Roy, J., and Troseth, S., 1984, Abyssal plain and continental net-objective sedimentary thicknesses, in Kulm, L.D., and others, eds., Western North America continental margin and adjacent ocean floor off Oregon and Washington, Atlas 1 of Regional Atlas Series, Ocean Margin Drilling Program: Woods Hole, Mass., Marine Science International, sheet 7.\nEEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986, Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1792, scale 1:500,000, 152 p.\nSee Also\n\"U.S. Pacific West Coast Field Activities\" (Paskevich and others, 2011; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/htmldocs/pc/pc_overview.html).\nPaskevich, V.F., Wong, F.L., O?Malley, J.J., Stevenson, A.J., and Gutmacher, C.E., 2011, GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010?1332, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2091B","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., Cacchione, D., Drake, D., Edwards, B.D., Field, M., Hampton, M.A., Karl, H.A., Kenyon, N.H., Masson, D., McCulloch, D.S., and Grim, M.S., 1993, Map showing depth to basement in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific continental margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2091, PDF: 40.34 inches x 46.21 inches; 1 map :col. ;100 x 85 cm., on sheet 117 x 104 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2091B.","productDescription":"PDF: 40.34 inches x 46.21 inches; 1 map :col. ;100 x 85 cm., on sheet 117 x 104 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2091_B.jpg"},{"id":94401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2091/b/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132,40 ], [ -132,49 ], [ -122,49 ], [ -122,40 ], [ -132,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":273502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":26079,"text":"wri924141 - 1993 - Application of ground-penetrating radar methods in determining hydrogeologic conditions in a karst area, west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri924141","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4141","title":"Application of ground-penetrating radar methods in determining hydrogeologic conditions in a karst area, west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is useful as a surface geophysical method for exploring geology and subsurface features in karst settings. Interpretation of GPR data was used to infer lithology and hydrogeologic conditions in west-central Florida. This study demonstrates how GPR methods can be used to investigate the hydrogeology of an area. GPR transmits radio- frequency electromagnetic waves into the ground and receives reflected energy waves from subsurface interfaces. Subsurface profiles showing sediment thickness, depth to water table and clay beds, karst development, buried objects, and lake-bottom structure were produced from GPR traverses obtained during December 1987 and March 1990 in Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Hardee Counties in west-central Florida. Performance of the GPR method is site specific, and data collected are principally affected by the sediment and pore fluids, conductances and dielectric constants. Effective exploration depths of the GPR surveys through predominately unsaturated and saturated sand and clay sediments at five study sites ranged from a few feet to greater than 50 feet below land surface. Exploration depths were limited when high conductivity clay was encountered, whereas greater exploration depths were possible in material composed of sand. Application of GPR is useful in profiling subsurface conditions, but proper interpretation depends upon the user's knowledge of the equipment and the local hydrogeological setting, as well as the ability to interpret the graphic profile.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924141","usgsCitation":"Barr, G., 1993, Application of ground-penetrating radar methods in determining hydrogeologic conditions in a karst area, west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4141, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924141.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4141/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54851,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4141/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, G. L.","contributorId":22312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26070,"text":"wri934064 - 1993 - Simulated hydrologic responses of the Quashnet River stream-aquifer system to proposed ground-water withdrawals, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri934064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4064","title":"Simulated hydrologic responses of the Quashnet River stream-aquifer system to proposed ground-water withdrawals, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An investigation of the Quashnet River stream- aquifer system on Cape Cod was initiated in response to concern over possible streamflow reduction and degradation of the sea-run brown trout habitat of the river resulting from proposed ground-water withdrawals. A two-layer finite-difference ground-water-flow model was developed to simulate the stream-aquifer system. Steady-state pumping rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 million gallons per day were simulated at three well sites 1,500 to 2,500 feet west of the river. No infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer was induced in any of the simulations. Maximum streamflow depletion along the river for the scenarios tested ranged from 3 to 15 percent of calculated steady-state prepumping streamflow. Mean monthly streamflow depletions determined by use of the transient model, for a constant withdrawal of 1.0 million gallons per day from a site 1,500 feet west of the river, range from 6 to 8 percent of the mean monthly streamflows measured at a gage located 0.3 miles from the mouth of the river. A particle-tracking postprocessor to the steady-state model was used to delineate contributing areas of the river and the proposed withdrawal sites. Although the simulated cone of depression produced by pumping extends beyond the river, the contributing area of the well does not include the river under any of the withdrawal schemes simulated.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934064","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Hess, K., 1993, Simulated hydrologic responses of the Quashnet River stream-aquifer system to proposed ground-water withdrawals, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4064, vi, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934064.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cacdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38441,"text":"pp1404K - 1993 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T20:08:12.669298","indexId":"pp1404K","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1404","chapter":"K","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1404K","usgsCitation":"Leahy, P., and Martin, M., 1993, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404, Report: viii, 81 p.; 22 Plates: 21.00 x 32.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1404K.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 81 p.; 22 Plates: 21.00 x 32.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":482369,"rank":25,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.67586841031775,\n              40.7769102537803\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.67586841031775,\n              32.313618048559746\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.31128430453131,\n              32.313618048559746\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.31128430453131,\n              40.7769102537803\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.67586841031775,\n              40.7769102537803\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leahy, 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,{"id":18000,"text":"ofr9388 - 1993 - Quality-assurance plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Indiana District Water-Use Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:23:06","indexId":"ofr9388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-88","title":"Quality-assurance plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Indiana District Water-Use Program","docAbstract":"<p>The Indiana District Water-Use Program is an ongoing project with the primary goal of making Indiana water-use data available to Federal, State, and local water managers. The water-use data are obtained from a wide variety of sources. Some data are based on values reported by water users, and other data are based on a variety of estimation techniques. Statements of responsibility, documen- tation and data-storage requirements, sources of data, and methods of achieving project goals are included in this quality-assurance plan. (USGS)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9388","usgsCitation":"Arvin, D., 1993, Quality-assurance plan for the U.S. Geological Survey Indiana District Water-Use Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-88, iv, 31 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9388.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47238,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":18257,"text":"ofr9374 - 1993 - Documentation of a multiple-technique computer program for plotting major-ion composition of natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr9374","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-74","title":"Documentation of a multiple-technique computer program for plotting major-ion composition of natural waters","docAbstract":"A computer program was written to produce 6 different types of water-quality diagrams--Piper, Stiff, pie, X-Y, boxplot, and Piper 3-D--from the same file of input data. The Piper 3-D diagram is a new method that projects values from the surface of a Piper plot into a triangular prism to show how variations in chemical composition can be related to variations in other water-quality variables. This program is an analytical tool to aid in the interpretation of data. This program is interactive, and the user can select from a menu the type of diagram to be produced and a large number of individual features. Alternatively, these choices can be specified in the data file, which provides a batch mode for running the program. The program does not display water-quality diagrams directly; plots are written to a file. Four different plot- file formats are available: device-independent metafiles, Adobe PostScript graphics files, and two Hewlett-Packard graphics language formats (7475 and 7586). An ASCII data-table file is also produced to document the computed values. This program is written in Fortran '77 and uses graphics subroutines from either the PRIOR AGTK or the DISSPLA graphics library. The program has been implemented on Prime series 50 and Data General Aviion computers within the USGS; portability to other computing systems depends on the availability of the graphics library.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9374","usgsCitation":"Briel, L.I., 1993, Documentation of a multiple-technique computer program for plotting major-ion composition of natural waters: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-74, vi, 88 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9374.","productDescription":"vi, 88 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0074/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47614,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briel, L. I.","contributorId":7265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briel","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38378,"text":"pp1530A - 1993 - Field observations, preliminary model analysis, and aquifer thermal efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T08:58:17","indexId":"pp1530A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1530","chapter":"A","title":"Field observations, preliminary model analysis, and aquifer thermal efficiency","docAbstract":"<p>In May 1980, the University of Minnesota began a project to evaluate the feasibility of storing heated (150 degrees Celsius (&deg;C) water in the deep (180 to 240 meters (m)) Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer and later recovering it for space heating. The Aquifer Thermal-Energy Storage (ATES) system was a doublet-well design in which the injection and withdrawal wells were spaced approximately 250 m apart. High-temperature water from the university's steam-generation facilities supplied heat for injection. Water was pumped from one of the wells through a heat exchanger, where heat was added or removed. Water then was injected back into the aquifer through the other well. The experimental plan for testing the ATES system consisted of a series of short-term hot-water injection, storage, and withdrawal cycles. Each cycle was 24 days long, and each injection, storage, and withdrawal step of the cycle was 8 days.</p>\n<p>The Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer is a consolidated sandstone, approximately 60 m thick, the top of which is approximately 180 m below the land surface. It is confined above by the St. Lawrence Formation a dolomitic sandstone 8 m thick and below by the Eau Claire Formation a shale 30 m thick. Initial hydraulic testing with inflatable packers indicated that the aquifer has four hydraulic zones with distinctly different values of relative horizontal hydraulic conductivity. The thickness of each zone was determined by correlating data from geophysical logs, core samples, and the inflatable-packer tests.</p>\n<p>A comprehensive network for data collection, storage, and analysis was designed to monitor temperature and pressure changes during the ATES test cycles. A total of 22 pressure transducers and 56 thermocouples monitored pressures and temperatures in the aquifer and in the upper and lower confining units.</p>\n<p>Temperature and pressure measurements were collected in observation well nests at distances of approximately 7 and 14 m from the production wells. All pressure and temperature data were transmitted through buried cables to a central data logger, where the measurements were viewed independently or stored on computer magnetic tape for later analysis. Interactive computer programs were available to display data stored on magnetic tapes as individual measurements or as plots of pressure and temperature versus time.</p>\n<p>Analyses of step-drawdown and constant-discharge aquifer tests indicate that the Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer is anisotropic in the horizontal plane. Major and minor transmissivities are 101.5 and 44.6 m<sup>2</sup>/d (square meters per day), respectively, for the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones and 40.0 and 24.0 m<sup>2</sup>/d, respectively, for the upper part of the Franconia Formation. The average transmissivity of the entire Franconia-Ironton-Galesville aquifer is about 98 m<sup>2</sup>/d. Effective porosity ranges from 0.25 to 0.31, and the average storage coefficient is 4.5x10<sup>-5</sup>.</p>\n<p>Two computer models were constructed to simulate the movement of ground water and heat. The first was a nonisothermal, isotropic, single-phase, radial, ground-water flow and thermal-energy-transport model that was constructed to examine the sensitivity of model results to various hydraulic and thermal properties. The model also was used to study the potential for buoyancy flow within the aquifer and the effect of various cyclic injection and withdrawal schemes on the relative thermal efficiency of the aquifer. The second model was a threedimensional ground-water flow and thermal-energy-transport model that was constructed to incorporate the anisotropy of the aquifer.</p>\n<p>In the first model, the sensitivity analysis assumed 8 days of injection of 150&deg;C water at 18.9 liters per second (L/s), 8 days of storage, and 8 days of withdrawal of hot water at 18.9 L/s. The analysis indicates that, for practical ranges of hydraulic and thermal properties, the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity is the least important property and thermal dispersivity is the most important property used to compute temperature and aquifer thermal efficiency.</p>\n<p>Buoyancy flow was examined for several values of hydraulic conductivity and ratios of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivities. For the assumed base values of hydraulic and thermal properties, buoyancy flow was negligible. The greatest simulated buoyancy flow resulted from simulations in which horizontal hydraulic conductivity was increased to ten times the base value and in which the vertical hydraulic conductivity was set equal to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity.</p>\n<p>The effects of various injection and withdrawal rates and durations on computed values of aquifer relative-thermal efficiency and final well-bore temperature were studied for five 1-year hypothetical test cycles of injection and withdrawal. The least efficient scheme was 8 months injection of 150&deg;C water at 18.9 L/s and 4 months of withdrawal of hot water at 18.9 L/s. The most efficient scheme was obtained with 6 months of injection of 150&deg;C water at 18.9 L/s and 6 months of withdrawal of hot water at 37.8 L/s. The hypothetical simulations indicate that the calibrated model of the doublet-well system would be a valuable tool for use by the university in selecting a highly efficient system operation.</p>\n<p>In the second model, analytical solutions of anisotropic hydraulic flow around the doublet-well system were obtained to provide fluid-flux boundary conditions around the heat-injection well in three dimensions. This information simplified simulation of the doublet-well system because only the heat injection well needed to be simulated.</p>\n<p>This second model was calibrated with data from an 8-day ambienttemperature injection test at 18.9 L/s. Boundary-flux conditions were examined for nonisothermal conditions by simulating 8 days of injection of 150&deg;C water at 18.9 L/s.</p>\n<p>Results of simulations using both models indicate that the fluxboundary conditions are adequate for simulations of short-term heatinjection testing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp1530A","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.T., and Delin, G., 1993, Field observations, preliminary model analysis, and aquifer thermal efficiency: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1530, v, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1530A.","productDescription":"v, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1530a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64727,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1530a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f57a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. T.","contributorId":15209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20827,"text":"ofr93433 - 1993 - Geochemistry and migration of contaminants at the Weldon Spring chemical plant site, St. Charles County, Missouri, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr93433","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-433","title":"Geochemistry and migration of contaminants at the Weldon Spring chemical plant site, St. Charles County, Missouri, 1989-91","docAbstract":"The geochemistry of the shallow aquifer and geochemical controls on the migration of uranium and other constituents from raffinate pits were determined at the Weldon Spring chemical plant site. Surface-water samples from the raffinate pits con- tained large concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, nitrite, lithium, moly- bdenum, strontium, vanadium, and uranium. Analyses of interstitial-water samples from raffinate pit 3 indicated that concentrations of most constituents increased with increasing depth below the water- sediment interface. Nitrate and uranium were not chemically reduced and attenuated within the raffinate pits and can be expected to migrate into the overburden. Laboratory sorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of pH value on the sorption of several raffinate constituents by the overburden. No sorption of calcium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, or lithium was observed. Sorption of molybdenum was dependent on solution pH and sorption of uranium was dependent on solution pH and carbonate concentration. The sorption of uranium and molybdenum was consistent with sorption controlled by oxyhydroxides. The quality of water collected in overburden lysimeters near raffinate pit 4 can be modeled as a mixture of water from raffinate pits 3 and 4, and an uncontaminated com- ponent in a system at equilibrium with ferrihydrite and calcite. Increased constituent concentrations in a perennial spring north of the site were the result of a subsurface connection between the spring and several losing stream segments receiving runoff from the site, in addition to seepage from the raffinate pits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93433","usgsCitation":"Schumacher, J., 1993, Geochemistry and migration of contaminants at the Weldon Spring chemical plant site, St. Charles County, Missouri, 1989-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-433, vii, 102 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93433.","productDescription":"vii, 102 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0433/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0433/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a31b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":20951,"text":"ofr93437 - 1993 - Surface- and ground-water quality data at selected landfill sites in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1979-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:21:09","indexId":"ofr93437","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-437","title":"Surface- and ground-water quality data at selected landfill sites in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1979-92","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey initiated an urban water-quality study in 1979 in cooperation with the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. As part of this study, a water-quality monitoring network was established at selected landfill sites in Mecklenburg County. Water-quality samples were collected at 27 surface-water sites and 97 ground-water sites at 5 landfills from 1979-92. Samples were analyzed for selected physical and biological characteristics, major inorganic ions, nutrients, trace elements, organic compounds, and suspended sediment. Analyses for constituents of concern are presented in tables and as graphical time series plots. Results from all analyses are compiled in tabular form in appendixes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93437","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 1993, Surface- and ground-water quality data at selected landfill sites in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 1979-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-437, xxvi, 971 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93437.","productDescription":"xxvi, 971 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0437/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0437/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Mecklenburg County","city":"Charlotte","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6910f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54994,"text":"wdrTN921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Tennessee, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T19:16:22.746643","indexId":"wdrTN921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TN-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Tennessee, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Tennessee consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels and water quality of wells; and quantity and quality of precipitation. This report contains discharge records for 76 gaging stations; elevation and contents for 27 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 17 stations and 10 wells; water levels for 22 observation wells; and 1 precipitation station. Also included are 90 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various stream sites not involved in the systematic data collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Tennessee.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTN921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Tennessee  and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Flohr, D., Edwards, F., Lewis, J., and Orr, R., 1993, Water resources data, Tennessee, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TN-92-1, xi, 336 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTN921.","productDescription":"xi, 336 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":432375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/tn-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/tn-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":38459,"text":"pp1414B - 1993 - Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:40:06.531886","indexId":"pp1414B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1414","chapter":"B","title":"Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework","docAbstract":"<p>Regional aquifers are described within a 370,000-square-mile area extending from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado to the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers in eastern Nebraska and Missouri, and from South Dakota to the Ouachita, Arbuckle, and Wichita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma.</p>\n<p>The present geohydrologic framework of aquifers and confining units in this area is controlled by topography, geologic structures, and hydraulic properties. All of these characteristics are the result of past geologic and hydrologic processes. From the end of the Precambrian to Late Cambrian time, the area was above sea level, and an uneven erosional surface had developed on the fractured crystalline rocks. From Late Cambrian through Middle Ordovician time, a transgressive but cyclic sea covered the area. The oldest deposits were mostly permeable sand followed by slightly permeable calcareous mud consisting of aragonite and algal remains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1414B","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., Helgesen, J.O., and Imes, J.L., 1993, Regional aquifers in Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: Geohydrologic framework: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1414, Report: vii, 72 p.;  25 Plates: 36.00 × 35.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1414B.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 72 p.;  25 Plates: 36.00 × 35.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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,{"id":16922,"text":"ofr93448 - 1993 - Bibliography of Oklahoma hydrology; reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and principal cooperating agencies, 1901-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:12","indexId":"ofr93448","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-448","title":"Bibliography of Oklahoma hydrology; reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and principal cooperating agencies, 1901-93","docAbstract":"This bibliography lists reports on hydrology in Oklahoma prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and the principal State cooperating agencies, the Oklahoma Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Included are citations of about 550 reports, abstracts, and journal articles issued from 1901 through July 1993. The reports are listed by agency and report type, and are indexed by author, subject, and USGS report number.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93448","usgsCitation":"Havens, J.S., 1993, Bibliography of Oklahoma hydrology; reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and principal cooperating agencies, 1901-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-448, iv, 61 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93448.","productDescription":"iv, 61 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0448/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46034,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db62940a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havens, J. S. (compiler)","contributorId":65484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havens","given":"J.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54884,"text":"wdrOH921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Ohio, water year 1992. Volume 1. Ohio River Basin excluding project data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-21T18:13:23.694992","indexId":"wdrOH921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OH-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Ohio, water year 1992. Volume 1. Ohio River Basin excluding project data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOH921","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., Klingler, J., Mangus, J., and Trimble, L., 1993, Water resources data, Ohio, water year 1992. Volume 1. 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,{"id":58277,"text":"ofr93371_1993 - 1993 - Data for selected organic contaminants in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers near their confluence, June 1989 and May-June 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:04","indexId":"ofr93371_1993","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-371","title":"Data for selected organic contaminants in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers near their confluence, June 1989 and May-June 1990","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Ohio River and Mississippi River to study mixing of the river waters. Samples collected in June 1989 on the Mississippi River were analyzed for alachlor, atrazine, 2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide, cyanazine, desethyl-atrazine, desisopropylatrazine, 2,6-diethylaniline, 2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethylacetanilide, metolachlor, simazine, trimethyltriazinetrione, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate. Samples collected upstream and downstream from the confluence of the Ohio River and Mississippi River in May-June 1990 were analyzed for trimethyltriazinetrione, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate. Concentration data for six to fifteen locations across the rivers are presented in tabular form for two sites in 1989 and six sites in 1990.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr93371_1993","usgsCitation":"Bishop, L.M., Rostad, C.E., Pereira, W.E., and Leiker, T.J., 1993, Data for selected organic contaminants in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers near their confluence, June 1989 and May-June 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-371, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93371_1993.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bishop, LaDonna M.","contributorId":55508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"LaDonna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pereira, Wilfred E.","contributorId":95552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leiker, Thomas J.","contributorId":47805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54781,"text":"wdrNHVT921 - 1993 - Water resources data, New Hampshire and Vermont, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T14:05:48","indexId":"wdrNHVT921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NH-VT-92-1","title":"Water resources data, New Hampshire and Vermont, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNHVT921","usgsCitation":"Toppin, K., McKenna, K., Cotton, J.E., and Flanagan, S.M., 1993, Water resources data, New Hampshire and Vermont, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NH-VT-92-1, 170 p., 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,{"id":54606,"text":"wdrIN921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T05:56:46","indexId":"wdrIN921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1992","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Indiana consist of records of discharge, stage, and water quality of streams and wells; reservoir stage and contents; and water levels in lakes and wells. This report contains records of discharge for 175 stream-gaging stations, stage for 7 stream stations, 1 sediment station, stage and contents for 1 reservoir, water quality for 3 streams, and water levels for 80 lakes and 94 observation wells. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in Indiana in cooperation with State and Federal agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J., Keeton, C.R., Benedict, B.L., and Hammil, L.E., 1993, Water resources data, Indiana, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-92-1, xviii, 346 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN921.","productDescription":"xviii, 346 p.","numberOfPages":"367","temporalStart":"1991-10-01","temporalEnd":"1992-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288359,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/in-92-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb88c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, James A.","contributorId":49824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeton, Charles R.","contributorId":71220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeton","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benedict, Brian L.","contributorId":94351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hammil, Lowell E.","contributorId":19198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammil","given":"Lowell","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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