Although asbestos research has been ongoing for decades, this increased knowledge has not led to consensus in many areas of the field. Two such areas of controversy include the specific definitions of asbestos, and limitations in understanding exposure-response relationships for various asbestos types and exposure levels and disease. This document reviews the current regulatory and mineralogical definitions and how variability in these definitions has led to difficulties in the discussion and comparison of both experimental laboratory and human epidemiological studies for asbestos. This review also examines the issues of exposure measurement in both animal and human studies, and discusses the impact of these issues on determination of cause for asbestos-related diseases. Limitations include the lack of detailed characterization and limited quantification of the fibers in most studies. Associated data gaps and research needs are also enumerated in this review.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2011.556045","usgsCitation":"Case, B., Abraham, J., Meeker, G., Pooley, F., and Pinkerton, K., 2011, Applying definitions of “asbestos” to environmental and “low-dose” exposure Levels and health effects, particularly malignant mesothelioma: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, v. 14, no. 1-4, p. 3-39, https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2011.556045.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"39","ipdsId":"IP-022399","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2011.556045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5177ad61e4b095699adf2736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Case, B.W.","contributorId":89786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, J.L.","contributorId":6744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meeker, G.","contributorId":16636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pooley, F.D.","contributorId":49257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooley","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pinkerton, K.E.","contributorId":95778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinkerton","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042832,"text":"70042832 - 2011 - Factors governing risk of cougar attacks on humans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T15:14:08.550364","indexId":"70042832","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1914,"text":"Human-Wildlife Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors governing risk of cougar attacks on humans","docAbstract":"Since the 1980s wildlife managers in the United States and Canada have expressed increasing concern about the physical threat posed by cougars (Puma concolor) to humans. We developed a conceptual framework and analyzed 386 human– cougar encounters (29 fatal attacks, 171 instances of nonfatal contact, and 186 close-threatening encounters) to provide information relevant to public safety. We conceived of human injury and death as the outcome of 4 transitions affected by different suites of factors: (1) a human encountering a cougar: (2) given an encounter, odds that the cougar would be aggressive; (3) given aggression, odds that the cougar would attack; and (4) given an attack, odds that the human would die. We developed multivariable logistic regression models to explain variation in odds at transitions three and four using variables pertaining to characteristics of involved people and cougars. Young (≤2.5 years) or unhealthy (by weight, condition, or disease) cougars were more likely than any others to be involved in close (typically m) encounters that threatened the involved person. Of cougars in close encounters, females were more likely than males to attack, and of attacking animals, adults were more likely than juveniles to kill the victim (32% versus 9% fatality, respectively). During close encounters, victims who used a weapon killed the involved cougar in 82% of cases. Other mitigating behaviors (e.g., yelling, backing away, throwing objects, increasing stature) also substantially lessened odds of attack. People who were moving quickly or erratically when an encounter happened (running, playing, skiing, snowshoeing, biking, ATV-riding) were more likely to be attacked and killed compared to people who were less active (25% versus 8% fatality). Children (≤10 years) were more likely than single adults to be attacked, but intervention by people of any age reduced odds of a child’s death by 4.6×. Overall, cougar attacks on people in Canada and the United States were rare (currently 4 to 6/year) compared to attacks by large felids and wolves (Canis lupus) in Africa and Asia (hundreds to thousands/year).
","language":"English","publisher":"Berryman Institute","doi":"10.26077/sey6-hq10","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., Logan, K., and Sweanor, L., 2011, Factors governing risk of cougar attacks on humans: Human-Wildlife Interactions, v. 5, no. 1, p. 135-158, https://doi.org/10.26077/sey6-hq10.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"158","ipdsId":"IP-016877","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58fde4b0b290850f870f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David","contributorId":75047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logan, Kenneth","contributorId":18657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweanor, Linda","contributorId":53274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweanor","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045749,"text":"70045749 - 2011 - Variation in spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta that winter in Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T18:37:00","indexId":"70045749","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta that winter in Japan","docAbstract":"In North America, spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta vary because some individuals opportunistically nest at mid-latitudes in years when ephemeral prairie wetlands are available, whereas others regularly nest in arctic and sub-arctic regions where wetland abundance is more constant. Less was known about migration routes and breeding distribution of pintails in East Asia. From 2007–2009 we marked 198 pintails on their wintering areas in Japan with satellite transmitters to: 1) document spring migration routes and summer distribution, 2) evaluate migratory connections and breeding season sympatry with North American pintails, and 3) determine if pintails used the same migration routes in fall as in spring. Most pintails (67%) migrated to the Kamchatka or Chukotka peninsulas in eastern Russia either directly from Japan or via Sakhalin Island, Russia. Remaining pintails primarily migrated to the Magadan region or Kolyma River Basin in eastern Russia via Sakhalin Island. The Chukotka Peninsula was the most common summer destination, with highest densities in the Anadyr Lowlands; a region also used by pintails that migrate from North America. One pintail migrated to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, in spring and another briefly migrated to the western coast of Alaska in fall. Autumn migration routes generally mirrored spring migration although most pintails bypassed Sakhalin Island in fall. Compared to North American pintails, pintails that winter in Japan exhibited less variation in migration routes and breeding distribution, and nested at higher latitudes. In the Russian Far East there is no region with habitats comparable in extent to the ephemeral mid-latitude wetlands of North America. Consequently, East Asian pintails mainly nest in arctic and sub-arctic regions where annual consistency in wetlands promotes constancy in migration routes and breeding distribution. Breeding season sympatry between pintails from different continents results more from North American pintails migrating to eastern Russia than from Japanese pintails migrating to North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05320.x","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., Yamaguchi, N., Flint, P.L., Pearce, J.M., Tokita, K., Shimada, T., Ramey, A.M., Kharitonov, S., and Higuchi, H., 2011, Variation in spring migration routes and breeding distribution of northern pintails Anas acuta that winter in Japan: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 289-300, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05320.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271743,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05320.x"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838aece4b0a21483941ad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamaguchi, Noriyuki","contributorId":83397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamaguchi","given":"Noriyuki","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tokita, Ken-ichi","contributorId":9150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokita","given":"Ken-ichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shimada, Tetsuo","contributorId":52065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimada","given":"Tetsuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":478245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kharitonov, Sergei","contributorId":70672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharitonov","given":"Sergei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Higuchi, Hiroyoshi","contributorId":69850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higuchi","given":"Hiroyoshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70044448,"text":"70044448 - 2011 - Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T19:16:41","indexId":"70044448","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management","docAbstract":"Hydrologic science has largely built its understanding of the hydrologic cycle using contemporary data sources (i.e., last 100 years). However, as we try to meet water demand over the next 100 years at scales from local to global, we need to expand our scope and embrace other data that address human activities and the alteration of hydrologic systems. For example, the accumulation of human impacts on water systems requires exploration of incompletely documented eras. When examining these historical periods, basic questions relevant to modern systems arise: (1) How is better information incorporated into water management strategies? (2) Does any point in the past (e.g., colonial/pre-European conditions in North America) provide a suitable restoration target? and (3) How can understanding legacies improve our ability to plan for future conditions? Beginning to answer these questions indicates the vital need to incorporate disparate data and less accepted methods to meet looming water management challenges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI AG","doi":"10.3390/w3020566","usgsCitation":"Bain, D., Arrigo, J.A., Green, M., Pellerin, B., and Vörösmarty, C., 2011, Historical legacies, information and contemporary water science and management: Water, v. 3, no. 2, p. 566-575, https://doi.org/10.3390/w3020566.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"566","endPage":"575","ipdsId":"IP-027060","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w3020566","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":273136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273135,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w3020566"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae7e4b07c214e64bd07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bain, Daniel J.","contributorId":29276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arrigo, Jennifer A.S.","contributorId":69045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrigo","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Mark B.","contributorId":86231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Mark B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vörösmarty, Charles J.","contributorId":94957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vörösmarty","given":"Charles J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044897,"text":"70044897 - 2011 - Magnesium compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-28T21:13:20","indexId":"70044897","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnesium compounds","docAbstract":"Seawater and natural brines accounted for about 54 percent of U.S. magnesium compounds production in 2010. Dead-burned magnesia was produced by Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties from well brines in Michigan. Caustic-calcined magnesia was recovered from seawater by Premier Magnesia in Florida, from well brines in Michigan by Martin Marietta and from magnesite in Nevada by Premier Magnesia. Intrepid Potash-Wendover and Great Salt Lake Minerals Corp. recovered magnesium chloride brines from the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Magnesium hydroxide was produced from seawater by SPI Pharma in Delaware and Premier Magnesia in Florida, and by Martin Marietta from its operation mentioned above.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Kramer, D., 2011, Magnesium compounds: Mining Engineering, v. 63, no. 6, p. 80-81.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-036510","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271568,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517e44eee4b0eff6bc0031e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kramer, D.A.","contributorId":70187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044224,"text":"70044224 - 2011 - Conodont biostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy across the Ordovician Knox/Beekmantown unconformity in the central Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T16:39:59","indexId":"70044224","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Conodont biostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy across the Ordovician Knox/Beekmantown unconformity in the central Appalachians","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ordovician of the world: proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Serie Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 14)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Instituto Geológico y Minero de España","publisherLocation":"Madrid, Spain","usgsCitation":"Leslie, S.A., Saltzman, M.R., Bergstrom, S.M., Repetski, J., Howard, A., and Seward, A., 2011, Conodont biostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy across the Ordovician Knox/Beekmantown unconformity in the central Appalachians, in Ordovician of the world: proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Serie Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 14), p. 301-308.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"308","ipdsId":"IP-032020","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;Pennsylvania;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.4,32.9 ], [ -87.4,49.1 ], [ -64.5,49.1 ], [ -64.5,32.9 ], [ -87.4,32.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51387377e4b02c509e50c47f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gutierrez-Marco, J.C.","contributorId":111830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez-Marco","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509247,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabano, I.","contributorId":111831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabano","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509248,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia-Bellido, D.","contributorId":112532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia-Bellido","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, Stephen A.","contributorId":25750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leslie","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saltzman, Matthew R.","contributorId":41667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltzman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstrom, S. M.","contributorId":7978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howard, A.","contributorId":54392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seward, A.M.","contributorId":60093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seward","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70044548,"text":"70044548 - 2011 - The fecal bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T14:50:53","indexId":"70044548","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The fecal bacteria","docAbstract":"The Fecal Bacteria offers a balanced, integrated discussion of fecal bacteria and their presence and ecology in the intestinal tract of mammals, in the environment, and in the food supply. This new volume covers their use in examining and assessing water quality in order to offer protection from illnesses related to swimming in or ingesting contaminated water, in addition to discussing their use in engineering considerations of water quality, modeling, monitoring, and regulations. Fecal bacteria are additionally used as indicators of contamination of ready-to-eat foods and fresh produce. The intestinal environment, the microbial community structure of the gut microbiota, and the physiology and genomics of this broad group of microorganisms are explored in the book.
With contributions from an internationally recognized group of experts, the book integrates medicine, public health, environmental, and microbiological topics in order to provide a unique, holistic understanding of fecal bacteria. Moreover, it shows how the latest basic science and applied research findings are helping to solve problems and develop effective management strategies. For example, readers will discover how the latest tools and molecular approaches have led to our current understanding of fecal bacteria and enabled us to improve human health and water quality.
The Fecal Bacteria is recommended for microbiologists, clinicians, animal scientists, engineers, environmental scientists, food safety experts, water quality managers, and students. It will help them better understand fecal bacteria and use their knowledge to protect human and environmental health. They can also apply many of the techniques and molecular tools discussed in this book to the study of a broad range of microorganisms in a variety of habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/9781555816865","isbn":"9781555816087","usgsCitation":"2011, The fecal bacteria, 328 p., https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555816865.","productDescription":"328 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e96e4b089809dbf44ff","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sadowsky, Michael J.","contributorId":34003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742731,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742732,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043573,"text":"70043573 - 2011 - Multi-species attributes as the condition for adaptive sampling of rare species using two-stage sequential sampling with an auxiliary variable","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T13:42:53","indexId":"70043573","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Multi-species attributes as the condition for adaptive sampling of rare species using two-stage sequential sampling with an auxiliary variable","docAbstract":"Assessing populations of rare species is challenging because of the large effort required to locate patches of occupied habitat and achieve precise estimates of density and abundance. 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We develop a set of simulations to approximate sampling of endangered freshwater mussels to evaluate the performance of the TSSAV design. The performance measures that we are interested in are efficiency and probability of sampling a unit occupied by the rare species. Efficiency measures the precision of population estimate from the TSSAV design relative to a standard design, such as simple random sampling (SRS). The simulations indicate that the density and distribution of the auxiliary population is the most important determinant of the performance of the TSSAV design. Of the design factors, such as sample size, the fraction of the primary units sampled was most important. For the best scenarios, the odds of sampling the rare species was approximately 1.5 times higher for TSSAV compared to SRS and efficiency was as high as 2 (i.e., variance from TSSAV was half that of SRS). We have found that design performance, especially for adaptive designs, is often case-specific. Efficiency of adaptive designs is especially sensitive to spatial distribution. We recommend that simulations tailored to the application of interest are highly useful for evaluating designs in preparation for sampling rare and clustered populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODSIM2011, 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"MSSANZ","publisherLocation":"http://www.mssanz.org.au/index.html","usgsCitation":"Panahbehagh, B., Smith, D., Salehi, M., Hornbach, D., and Brown, D., 2011, Multi-species attributes as the condition for adaptive sampling of rare species using two-stage sequential sampling with an auxiliary variable, in MODSIM2011, 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. 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It says that the blue-gray mineral resource was discovered in 1801 or 1802 and was used for capacitors in 1940. It adds that the tantalite ore and other minerals in the ore should be separated in order to generate concentrates of tantalum. 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In 2010, imports increased to 947 kt (1.04 million st), compared with 906 kt (998,600 st) in 2009. Exports were estimated to have decreased to 69 kt (76,000 st) in 2010. U.S. apparent consumption for 2010 was estimated to have increased to 1.5 Mt (1.65 million st). 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Both events are stark reminders of human vulnerability to natural disasters and provide a harsh reality check: Even technologically advanced countries with modern building codes are not immune from earthquake disasters. The Christchurch earthquake carried an additional message: Urban devastation can be triggered even by moderate-sized earthquakes.
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