Many conservation actions must be implemented with limited data. This is especially true when planning recovery efforts for extirpated populations, such as grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) within the Bitterroot Ecosystem (BE), where strategies for reestablishing a resident population are being evaluated. Here, we applied individual-based movement models developed for a nearby grizzly bear population to predict habitat use in and near the BE, under scenarios of natural recolonization, reintroduction, and a combination. All simulations predicted that habitat use by grizzly bears would be higher in the northern half of the study area. Under the natural recolonization scenario, use was concentrated in Montana, but became more uniform across the northern BE in Idaho over time. Use was more concentrated in east-central Idaho under the reintroduction scenario. Assuming that natural recolonization continues even if bears are reintroduced, use remained widespread across the northern half of the BE and surrounding areas. Predicted habitat maps for the natural recolonization scenario aligned well with outlier and GPS collar data available for grizzly bears in the study area, with Spearman rank correlations of ≥0.93 and mean class values of ≥9.1 (where class 10 was the highest relative predicted use; each class 1–10 represented 10% of the landscape). In total, 52.4% of outlier locations and 79% of GPS collar locations were in class 10 in our predicted habitat maps for natural recolonization. Simulated grizzly bears selected habitats over a much larger landscape than the BE itself under all scenarios, including multiple-use and private lands, similar to existing populations that have expanded beyond recovery zones. This highlights the importance of recognizing and planning for the role of private lands in recovery efforts, including understanding resources needed to prevent and respond to human-grizzly bear conflict and maintain public acceptance of grizzly bears over a large landscape.
Incorporating climate change into conservation and restoration decisions is increasingly important for natural resource managers and restoration practitioners to effectively address the underlying drivers of ecosystem change. Small dam removal is an example of a restoration tool that may offer multiple socioeconomic and ecological benefits in streams, including promoting climate resilience. With the pace of dam removals increasing, practitioners and researchers are well-poised to incorporate climate change into future dam removal decisions. Therefore, we surveyed dam removal practitioners across 14 states in the eastern United States to understand current practices of small dam removals, factors driving restoration decisions, and how climate change knowledge is incorporated into these decisions. We also aimed to identify barriers to and opportunities for knowledge exchange between practitioners and researchers. Of the 100 respondents, most (79%) consider climate change in their dam removal decisions to some extent. Despite this, many reported a lack of clear, relevant, and accessible data linking small dam removal to climate resilience benefits. Dam removal practitioners also indicated that they most often rely on climate change information garnered from conversations with colleagues, rather than from scientific research products. These results suggest that the co-production of relevant, salient research questions and readily accessible and interpretable research products (e.g., technical summaries, open access articles) may encourage practitioners to incorporate climate change science more consistently and efficiently into dam removal decisions. These findings may also translate to other stream restoration efforts to inform knowledge exchange and improve restoration outcomes in a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/es-15182-290321","usgsCitation":"Abbott, K., Roy, A.H., Magilligan, F., Nislow, K., and Quiñones, R., 2024, Incorporating climate change into restoration decisions: Perspectives from dam removal practitioners: Ecology & Society, v. 29, no. 3, 21, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/es-15182-290321.","productDescription":"21, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151780","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-15182-290321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia , Vermont, West 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\"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, Katherine M.","contributorId":349348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abbott","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":36396,"text":"University of Massachusetts","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magilligan, Francis J.","contributorId":349349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magilligan","given":"Francis J.","affiliations":[{"id":36404,"text":"Dartmouth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nislow, Keith H.","contributorId":349350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Keith H.","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quiñones, Rebecca","contributorId":349351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quiñones","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":16900,"text":"Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70261236,"text":"70261236 - 2024 - Evidence of longitudinal differences in spring migration strategies of an Arctic-nesting goose","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T14:59:22.039155","indexId":"70261236","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-02T07:54:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of longitudinal differences in spring migration strategies of an Arctic-nesting goose","docAbstract":"During spring, migratory birds are required to optimally balance energetic costs of migration across heterogeneous landscapes and weather conditions to survive and reproduce successfully. Therefore, an individual's migratory performance may influence reproductive outcomes. Given large-scale changes in land use, climate, and potential carry-over effects, understanding how individuals migrate in relation to breeding outcomes is critical to predicting how future scenarios may affect populations. We used GPS tracking devices on 56 Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) during four spring migrations to examine whether migration characteristics influenced breeding propensity and breeding outcome. We found a strong longitudinal difference in arrival to the breeding areas (18 days earlier), pre-nesting duration (90.9% longer), and incubation initiation dates (9 days earlier) between western- and eastern-Arctic breeding regions, with contrasting effects on breeding outcomes, but no migration characteristic strongly influenced breeding outcome. We found that breeding region influenced whether an individual likely pursued a capital or income breeding strategy. Where individuals fell along the capital-income breeding continuum was influenced by longitude, revealing geographic effects of life-history strategy among conspecifics. Factors that govern breeding outcomes likely occur primarily upon arrival to breeding areas or are related to individual quality and previous breeding outcome, and may not be directly tied to migratory decision-making across broad scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.11665","usgsCitation":"VonBank, J.A., Kraai, K.J., Collins, D.P., Link, P.T., Weegman, M., Cao, L., and Ballard, B., 2024, Evidence of longitudinal differences in spring migration strategies of an Arctic-nesting goose: Ecology and Evolution, v. 14, no. 9, e11665, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11665.","productDescription":"e11665, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157374","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11665","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, 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\"}}]}","volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VonBank, Jay Alan 0000-0002-4319-4998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-4998","contributorId":305827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VonBank","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraai, Kevin J.","contributorId":346855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraai","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Daniel P.","contributorId":341613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, Paul T.","contributorId":53611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weegman, Mitch D.","contributorId":207459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weegman","given":"Mitch D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cao, Lei","contributorId":181789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cao","given":"Lei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ballard, Bart M.","contributorId":346856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Bart M.","affiliations":[{"id":82998,"text":"Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University – Kingsville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70259632,"text":"70259632 - 2024 - Arctic Alaska deepwater organic carbon burial and environmental changes during the late Albian–early Campanian (103–82 Ma)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-21T11:12:59.205907","indexId":"70259632","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-02T06:10:33","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic Alaska deepwater organic carbon burial and environmental changes during the late Albian–early Campanian (103–82 Ma)","docAbstract":"Accounting for uncertainties in seismic site response is crucial to improving the performance of one-dimensional (1D) ground response analyses (GRAs) at downhole array recording sites. In addition to site effects, uncertainties in 1D-GRAs can also be contributed from the seismic source and/or path. Though often representing not more than one percent of the distance (path) from the source, site conditions are known to have an enormous influence on ground shaking. In this study, we focus on the site shear-wave velocity (VS) structure, which is the main ingredient for estimating the variability of site response. As such, VS can manifest aleatory uncertainties related to the effects of small-scale spatial heterogeneities within the near surface, thus VS can substantially modify ground shaking during earthquakes. We apply a novel VS randomization approach to propagate the small-scale heterogeneities of VS to estimate seismic site response within a non-stationary probabilistic framework. The randomization approach generates samples of VS profiles that are used to perform several 1D-GRAs and obtain an averaged site response and related variability. The proposed method is implemented on data recorded at two downhole array sites with different subsurface soil conditions: a soft soil site on Treasure Island (California, United States of America) and a rock outcrop site in Cadarache (South-East France). We show that synthetic surface-to-borehole transfer functions from 1D-GRAs provide an acceptable fit to the empirical transfer functions from low-motion earthquake records and succeed in reproducing most of the site-specific seismic response variability. The remaining mismatch between transfer functions is likely due to insufficient precision on the seismic bedrock and the impedance contrast. The variability in site response is discussed with emphasis on the role of VS small-scale heterogeneities, attenuation, and input motion incidence angle in ground motion variability for the site and soil conditions at both locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108945","usgsCitation":"Youssef, E., Cornou, C., Youssef Abdel Massih, D., Al-Bittar, T., Yong, A., and Hollender, F., 2024, Application of non-stationary shear-wave velocity randomization approach to predict 1D seismic site response and its variability at two downhole array recordings: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 106, 100945, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108945.","productDescription":"100945, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160514","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108945","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France, United States","state":"California","city":"Saint-Paul-lez-Durance","otherGeospatial":"Cadarache downhole array, Treasure Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.38,\n 37.83\n ],\n [\n -122.38,\n 37.805\n ],\n [\n -122.36,\n 37.805\n ],\n [\n -122.36,\n 37.83\n ],\n [\n -122.38,\n 37.83\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 0,\n 45\n ],\n [\n 0,\n 42\n ],\n [\n 6,\n 42\n ],\n [\n 6,\n 45\n ],\n [\n 0,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"106","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Youssef, Eliane","contributorId":351145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youssef","given":"Eliane","affiliations":[{"id":55486,"text":"University of Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornou, Cecile","contributorId":351146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornou","given":"Cecile","affiliations":[{"id":55486,"text":"University of Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Youssef Abdel Massih, Dalia","contributorId":351147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youssef Abdel Massih","given":"Dalia","affiliations":[{"id":83927,"text":"Lebanese University, Lebanon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Bittar, Tamara","contributorId":351148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Bittar","given":"Tamara","affiliations":[{"id":83927,"text":"Lebanese University, Lebanon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yong, Alan 0000-0003-1807-5847","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-5847","contributorId":204730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yong","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hollender, Fabrice","contributorId":351149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollender","given":"Fabrice","affiliations":[{"id":83928,"text":"French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70257885,"text":"70257885 - 2024 - Methane emissions associated with bald cypress knees across the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-30T12:26:31.615205","indexId":"70257885","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-29T07:24:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane emissions associated with bald cypress knees across the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"In freshwater forested wetlands, bald cypress knees (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) have the potential to emit large amounts of methane (CH4), but only a few studies have examined their greenhouse gas contribution. In this study, we measured CH4 fluxes associated with cypress knees across various climate and flooding gradients of the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley in southcentral United States. Greenhouse gases were measured using a portable gas analyzer with a custom-made chamber placed over the knees. We also conducted 3D lidar scans of knees using a smartphone to estimate the surface area and volume of knees. We investigated the following: (1) What parameters influence CH4 fluxes (i.e., knee height, distance to stream, temperature, relative humidity, water level, precipitation)? and (2) Which type of knee shape measurement (i.e., cone, frustrum, or lidar scan) provides the best fit to model data while maximizing measurement efficiency? We found that knee CH4 flux rates ranged from − 0.005 to 182 mmol m− 2 d− 1. There were positive correlations between CH4 fluxes, water levels, and temperature, and a negative correlation with knee height. Sites that had been dry for longer periods of time emitted less CH4 than sites where the soil remained saturated. The frustrum shape produced a knee volume estimate that was within 12% of lidar scans, whereas cone shapes underestimate knee dimensions (-100%). Further research of emissions and fluxes in cypress knees could fill knowledge gaps within the carbon cycle and could represent a major component of wetland CH4 budgets.
Fire facilitates erosion through changes in vegetation and soil, with major postfire erosion commonly occurring even with moderate rainfall. As climate warms, the western United States (U.S.) is experiencing an intensifying fire regime and increasing frequency of extreme rain. We evaluated whether these hydroclimatic changes are evident in patterns of postfire erosion by modeling hillslope erosion following all wildfires larger than 100 km2 in California from 1984 to 2021. Our results show that annual statewide postfire hillslope erosion has increased significantly over time. To supplement the hillslope erosion modeling, we compiled modeled and measured postfire debris-flow volumes. We find that, in northern California, more than 50% of fires triggering the top 20 values of sediment mass and sediment yield occurred in the most recent decade (between 2011 and 2021). In southern California, the postfire sediment budget was dominated by debris flows, which showed no temporal trend. Our analysis reveals that 57% of postfire sediment erosion statewide occurred upstream of reservoirs, indicating potential impacts to reservoir storage capacity and thus increased risk to water-resource security with ongoing climate change.
Climate change poses a significant threat to Arctic ecosystems. Evaluation of genetic diversity within and differentiation among populations is needed to effectively conserve Arctic species and ensure genetic variation is appropriately managed.This research examined the population genetic structure in Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull), a circumpolar Arctic species that is declining in parts of its range. Population genetic information is needed to help delineate management units, including information on genetic differences among related species, among subspecies (currently distinguished by subtle morphometric and plumage differences), and among colonies in North America. We conducted double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing for 62 L. hyperboreus, 18 L. argentatus smithsonianus (American Herring Gull), 6 L. a. argentatus (European Herring Gull), and 15 L. glaucescens (Glaucous-winged Gull) sampled across the Canadian and European Arctic. Interspecific analyses using 2,145 loci were unable to distinguish between all members of this species complex. Despite the geographic distance among sampling locations, molecular assignments and principal coordinates analyses based on 621 loci uncovered only weak population genetic differentiation among sampled European and Canadian colonies of L. hyperboreus. As L. hyperboreus occupying the eastern Canadian Arctic appears to be acting as a single panmictic population, conservation plans that protect Arctic habitat may help slow or reverse population declines. Proactive conservation strategies will benefit both L. hyperboreus and associated coastal Arctic ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duae037","usgsCitation":"Linklater, E., Sonsthagen, S.A., Robertson, G., Colston-Nepali, L., Vigfusdottir, F., and Friesen, V., 2024, 26 August 2024 Reduced representation sequencing reveals weak genetic differentiation between Canadian and European Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull): Ornithological Applications, v. 126, no. 4, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae037.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-154834","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duae037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Iceland, United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.12197544996508,\n 62.606661683706506\n ],\n [\n -174.0470710526139,\n 50.852424322031254\n ],\n [\n -117.65103250372262,\n 49.497113822314844\n ],\n [\n -49.87838442995181,\n 44.44688847413198\n ],\n [\n -5.424596138025919,\n 65.78041162742718\n ],\n [\n -129.8047925349852,\n 79.78944673754077\n ],\n [\n -170.12197544996508,\n 62.606661683706506\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linklater, Emma Lachance","contributorId":351063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linklater","given":"Emma Lachance","affiliations":[{"id":34006,"text":"Queen’s University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Gregory J.","contributorId":351064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"Gregory J.","affiliations":[{"id":83910,"text":"Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colston-Nepali, Lila","contributorId":351065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colston-Nepali","given":"Lila","affiliations":[{"id":34006,"text":"Queen’s University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vigfusdottir, Freydís","contributorId":351066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vigfusdottir","given":"Freydís","affiliations":[{"id":36649,"text":"University of Iceland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":351067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki L.","affiliations":[{"id":34006,"text":"Queen’s University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70258613,"text":"70258613 - 2024 - Post-glacial stratigraphy and late Holocene record of great Cascadia earthquakes in Ozette Lake, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:35:36.64782","indexId":"70258613","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-26T06:59:07","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-glacial stratigraphy and late Holocene record of great Cascadia earthquakes in Ozette Lake, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Ozette Lake is an ~100-m-deep coastal lake located along the outer coast of the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA); it is situated above the locked portion of the northern Cascadia megathrust but also relatively isolated from active crustal faults and intraslab earthquakes. Here we present a suite of geophysical and geological evidence for earthquake-triggered mass transport deposits (MTDs) and related turbidite deposition in Ozette Lake since ca. 14 ka. Comprehensive high-resolution bathymetry data, seismic reflection profiles, and sediment cores are used to characterize the post-glacial stratigraphic framework and examine paleoseismic evidence in the lacustrine sediments. Stacked sequences of MTDs along the steep eastern flanks of the lake appear to grade basin-ward from thick, chaotic, blocky masses to thin, parallel-bedded turbidite beds. The discrete turbidite event layers are separated by fine-grained (silt and clay) lake sedimentation. The event layers are observed throughout the lake, but the physical characteristics of the deposits vary considerably depending on proximity to primary depocenters, steep slopes, and subaqueous deltas. A total of 30–34 event deposits are observed in the post-glacial record. Radiometric dating was used to reconstruct a detailed sedimentation history over the last ~5.5 k.y., develop an age model, and estimate the recurrence (365–405 yr) for the most recent 12 event layers. Based on sedimentological characteristics, temporal overlap with other regional paleoseismic chronologies, and recurrence estimates, at least 10 of the dated event layers appear to be sourced from slope failures triggered by intense shaking during megathrust ruptures; the recurrence interval for these 10 events is 440–560 yr. Thus, Ozette Lake contains one of the longest and most robust geological records of repeated shaking along the northern Cascadia subduction zone.
Residents of Carson Valley, Douglas County, Nevada, rely on the basin-fill alluvial aquifer underlying the valley for drinking water. Since the 1980s, groundwater levels and water-quality data have been collected to monitor the status of the aquifer system and to assist in planning efforts to address current (2024) and future demand. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada, evaluated trends in water levels, nitrate, and arsenic concentrations from a network of monitoring and domestic wells in Carson Valley. This work also assessed the monitoring well network to determine the suitability of wells for characterizing the occurrence of arsenic in the groundwater. Monitoring of constituents, such as nitrate and arsenic concentrations, is needed to assess changes in contaminant distribution and to evaluate the effect that changing land use and groundwater pumping has on their occurrence and transport.
Results of the trend analysis indicate water levels are declining (p<0.05) in 17 of 26 selected monitoring wells (65 percent). Areas with the largest change in water levels, with more than 20 feet of declines, were within the community areas of Johnson Lane, Ruhenstroth, South Agricultural, East Valley, and Fish Springs. Variations in water levels measured in wells from the Central Agricultural, Minden, Foothill, Alpine County (one well), and Gardnerville Ranchos areas show periods of increase and decrease over time, but they also maintain long-term declining trends (p<0.05).
Increases in nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples collected from 9 out of 14 selected monitoring wells (64 percent) are statistically significant (p<0.05) within the Ruhenstroth, Gardnerville Ranchos, East Valley, Genoa, and Johnson Lane community areas. Samples collected from a well in Indian Hills/Jacks Valley indicated a decreasing trend in nitrate concentration over time. Nitrate concentrations in samples collected from wells in East Valley, Genoa, Johnson Lane, and Indian Hills/Jack Valley were consistently low (less than 3 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) and stable. Nitrate concentrations from selected wells in Johnson Lane and Garnerville Ranchos exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L (as nitrogen) and have trends that are increasing over time. In 2022, a sample collected from Johnson Lane had a concentration (7.3 mg/L) below the MCL with an increasing trend over time.
Temporal trend analyses for groundwater arsenic concentrations in Carson Valley could not be done because of a lack of temporal data. However, using available historical data, arsenic concentrations seem to be greater in groundwater from wells located on the eastern and northern areas of the valley than in wells located on the western or southern areas. Groundwater arsenic concentrations exceed 5 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in most samples collected from wells in Johnson Lane, Airport, Central Agricultural, and East Valley areas and in many cases exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) MCL of 10 μg/L. Data indicate that groundwater from domestic wells screened at deeper intervals are likely more vulnerable to elevated arsenic concentrations than shallower wells.
A groundwater network evaluation for Carson Valley identified potential modifications in the sampling locations and frequency to better understand the effect of groundwater pumping in communities where municipal and domestic demand are greatest, potentially enhancing understanding of contaminant transport in these areas. Potential modifications to the active well network include reducing the frequency of sample collection from existing network wells (6 out of 11) that have consistently shown low and stable nitrate concentrations, adding wells in areas where data are sparse, and increasing the number of wells in areas with elevated groundwater nitrate concentrations. Including the analysis of arsenic in samples from the active groundwater monitoring well network will provide more detail on the temporal and spatial variability of arsenic concentrations.
A visualization tool for the Carson River Basin was developed to provide access to discrete and near real-time hydrologic and water-quality data. The Carson River Basin Hydro Mapper (CBH; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023b) shows active and historical discrete water levels measured by the USGS and the State of Nevada Division of Water Resources, discrete groundwater nitrate and arsenic concentration data collected by the USGS, near real-time streamflow, and surface water levels for select waterbodies. The hydrologic data in the CBH provides resource managers, the public, and the scientific community with an easily accessible tool to present and communicate the most up-to-date information available about local and basin-wide water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County, Nevada","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area—Water's Cooperative Matching Funds","usgsCitation":"Naranjo, R.C., and Bubiy, A., 2024, Assessment of water levels, nitrate, and arsenic in the Carson Valley Alluvial Aquifer and the development of a data visualization tool for the Carson River Basin, Nevada (ver. 1.1, September 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1045, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241045.","productDescription":"vii, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154652","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":434792,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/versionHist.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":432958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":432959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/ofr20241045.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":432960,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/ofr20241045.xml"},{"id":432961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1045/images"},{"id":432962,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241045/full"},{"id":497966,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117224.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":433077,"rank":6,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://webapps.usgs.gov/carsonriverbasinhydromapper/","text":"Carson River Basin Hydro Mapper Webapp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.6,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -119.3,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -119.3,\n 39.05\n ],\n [\n -119.6,\n 39.05\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 2024; Version 1.1: September 2024","contact":"Director,
Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
Large wood is an integral part of many rivers, often defining river-corridor morphology and habitat, but its occurrence, magnitude, and evolution in a river system are much less well understood than the sedimentary and hydraulic components, and due to methodological limitations, have seldom previously been mapped in substantial detail. We present a new method for this, representing a substantial advance in automated deep-learning-based image segmentation. From these maps, we measured large wood and sediment deposits from high-resolution orthoimages to explore the dynamics of large wood in two reaches of the Elwha River, Washington, USA, between 2012 and 2017 as it adjusted to upstream dam removals. The data set consists of a time series of orthoimages (12.5-cm resolution) constructed using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry on imagery from 14 aerial surveys. Model training was optimized to yield maximum accuracy for estimated wood areas, compared to manually digitized wood, therefore model development and intended application were coupled. These fully reproducible methods and model resulted in a maximum of 15% error between observed and estimated total wood areas and wood deposit size-distributions over the full spatio-temporal extent of the data. Areal extent of wood in the channel margin approximately doubled in the years following dam removal, with greatest increases in large wood in wider, lower-gradient sections. Large-wood deposition increased between the start of dam removal (2011) and winter 2013, then plateaued. Sediment bars continued to grow up until 2016/17, assisted by a partially static wood framework deposited predominantly during the period up to winter 2013.
More than 1 million people live within the active model area (AMA) in the southeastern part of the lowlands surrounding Puget Sound, or Puget Lowland, Washington, and groundwater is the source for approximately one-half of their public, domestic, and irrigation water demands. The 887-square-mile AMA, located in King and Pierce Counties, represents the area of analysis for the conceptual hydrogeologic framework and numerical groundwater-flow models within the study area and includes the Puyallup River and Chambers-Clover Creek watersheds. To assess the potential hydrologic and anthropogenic impacts to groundwater and the connected surface-water resources, conceptual and numerical groundwater-flow models of groundwater flow were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Washington Water Science Center in close cooperation with 18 water-resource agencies and stakeholders.
This report presents information used to characterize the groundwater-flow system and the development of a numerical model in the AMA. Included are descriptions of the geology and conceptual hydrogeologic framework, groundwater levels and flow directions, groundwater recharge and discharge, numerical groundwater-flow model construction and results, and model limitations. The study area encompasses the western part of Pierce County and the southwestern part of King County, Washington. The study area extends south to the Nisqually River, southwest to Tanwax Creek, northeast to the Green River, and north through the valley near Auburn and adjacent uplands. It is bounded on the east by foothills of the Cascade Range, and on the northwest by Puget Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245026v1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cities of Auburn, Milton, Puyallup, Sumner, and Tacoma; Pierce Conservation District; Pierce County Public Works; Washington State Department of Health; Washington State Department of Ecology; Thurston County Public Utility District; Cascade Water Alliance; Lakehaven Utility District; Lakewood Water District; Firgrove Mutual Water Company; Fruitland Mutual Water Company; Spanaway Water Company; Summit Water & Supply Company; and Mt. View-Edgewood Water Company","usgsCitation":"Welch, W.B., Bright, V.A.L., Gendaszek, A.S., Dunn, S.B., Headman, A.O., and Fasser, E.T., 2024, Conceptual hydrogeologic framework and groundwater budget near the southeastern part of Puget Sound, Washington, v. 1 of Welch, W.B., and Long, A.J., eds., Characterization of groundwater resources near the southeastern part of Puget Sound, Washington, 3 chap. (A–C): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5026–A–C, [variously paged; 71 p.], 1 pl., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245026v1.","productDescription":"Report: 71 p.; Data Release: 1 Plate: 50.67 × 37.33 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-135626","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499451,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117216.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432059,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5026/v1/sir20245026v1.jpg"},{"id":432065,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5026/v1/sir20245026v1_plate.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"5.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5026 Vol 1 Plate 1"},{"id":432064,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5026/v1/sir20245026v1.XML"},{"id":432063,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5026/v1/images"},{"id":433528,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5026/v1/sir20245026v1_versionHist.txt","description":"SIR 2024-5026 Vol 1 Version History"},{"id":432062,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JFKLMG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial data in support of the characterization of water resources near the southeastern part of Puget Sound, Washington"},{"id":432060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5026/v1/sir20245026v1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"57.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5026 Vol 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8989970759464,\n 47.52614250846048\n ],\n [\n -122.8989970759464,\n 46.60885290293453\n ],\n [\n -121.43135900005484,\n 46.60885290293453\n ],\n [\n -121.43135900005484,\n 47.52614250846048\n ],\n [\n -122.8989970759464,\n 47.52614250846048\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
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The partners of the Chesapeake Bay are investing billions of dollars in the restoration of critical habitats to improve conditions for people and living resources throughout the Bay and its watershed. However, the recent proliferation of invasive Ictalurus furcatus (blue catfish) in the Chesapeake Bay’s major rivers has the potential to disrupt these restoration efforts and limit the full potential improvement of the ecosystem. The U.S. Geological Survey can help respond to this management challenge in the Nation’s largest estuary by leveraging its leadership and technical capabilities to work with resource managers, academics, and other stakeholders.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20243033","usgsCitation":"Robertson, E., Malpass, J., Ottinger, C., Griffin, J., Densmore, C., Hyer, K., 2024, Invasive blue catfish in the Chesapeake Bay: A risk to realizing Bay restoration investments: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3033, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243033.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-169320","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499129,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117223.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3033/fs20243033_print.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3033","linkHelpText":"Printer-friendly version"},{"id":432930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3033/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":432931,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2024/3033/fs20243033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2024-3033"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.96493103491717,\n 40.67063909676753\n ],\n [\n -78.96493103491717,\n 36.23363948406978\n ],\n [\n -74.8780169724172,\n 36.23363948406978\n ],\n [\n -74.8780169724172,\n 40.67063909676753\n ],\n [\n -78.96493103491717,\n 40.67063909676753\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Ecological Science Center
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The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a transient, groundwater-flow model that simulates hydrologic conditions in the Long Island aquifer system as part of an ongoing (since 2016) multiyear, cooperative investigation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The goals of this investigation are to assist stakeholders and resource managers to evaluate the response of the hydrologic system to changes in future hydraulic stresses. Responses in the hydrologic system include changes in water levels in the hydrogeologic units; discharge to streams, coastal waters, and subsurface infrastructure; and the extent of saline groundwater in the aquifers. Hydraulic stresses include future water-supply management and changes in land use and infrastructure.
The numerical model synthesizes a diverse set of physiographic, geologic, climatic, land-use, and historical population, water use, and infrastructure data to physically represent the Long Island aquifer system from land surface to bedrock and to simulate annual hydrologic conditions between 1900 and 2019. A three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework was developed from existing and recently collected borehole geologic and geophysical data collected as part of a companion drilling program. Water-transmitting properties of the principal aquifer sediments were defined in three dimensions from new and existing lithologic logs. The distribution of recharge from precipitation was estimated from landscape characteristics and climate data. Anthropogenic recharge from wastewater, leaky infrastructure, and storm runoff were estimated from population, infrastructure, and pumping data.
Water-use data, including well locations, depths, and pumping rates, were obtained from historical sources and records and used to estimate pumping stresses continuously in time and space, at an annual average time scale. The data were incorporated into a three-dimensional numerical model using the U.S. Geological Survey finite difference modeling code MODFLOW 6; the model encompassed all of Long Island and surrounding surface waters and simulated historical hydrologic conditions from 1900 to 2019.
The calibration process involved trial and error adjustments using prior knowledge to improve general fit to observations followed by an inverse calibration to update and optimize input parameters, using an iterative ensemble smoother algorithm implemented in PEST++ version 5.0. This resulted in a model that generally was in good agreement with observed, dynamically varying hydrologic conditions from 1900 to 2019. The calibrated model was used to develop two base-case models for scenario testing of future, hypothetical conditions where one represented average-annual conditions, and one represented average-seasonal conditions from 2010 to 2019. The model representing average-annual conditions was modified further to represent an alternate sea-level position of 6 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988, and the model representing average-seasonal conditions was modified to represent the average seasonal effects of a 5-year drought imposed upon current hydrologic conditions.
Recharge is the sole source of water to the aquifer system; groundwater discharges to coastal water and streams and is withdrawn by pumped wells. Model-estimated annual recharge ranged from about 11 inches in 1965 to 41 inches in 1983. On average, from 2010 to 2019, about 23 percent of water was pumped from wells, and about 47 and 27 percent discharged to coastal waters and streams, respectively; the remaining 4 percent was water that moved into storage in the aquifer matrix.
Water levels on Long Island vary naturally during time in response to changes in recharge; the amount of variation is largest in the interior of the island, in areas with highest water table altitudes near groundwater divides and lowest near streams and the coastal waters. The total range of water table altitudes on Long Island between 1900 and 2019 ranged from near 0 to more than 70 feet in western parts of Long Island. The largest range in altitudes is in New York City and is associated with areas of large historical withdrawals between the 1920s and the late 1980s. Water table altitudes generally varied by less than 10 feet in eastern Suffolk County, where the aquifer is under more natural conditions.
Saltwater intrusion is of great concern on Long Island, particularly in western Long Island where both the unconfined and confined parts of the aquifer system have been intruded in response to large-scale groundwater withdrawals; however, the volume of freshwater in the islandwide aquifer system only has changed by about 5 percent between 1900 and 2019. The decadal change in the freshwater volume was largest during the early and mid-20th century, corresponding to the largest historical pumping, but that volume change did not exceed 1 percent.
The negligible change in freshwater volume suggests that saltwater intrusion as of 2019 was limited at an islandwide scale but continues to occur in local areas of Queens and Nassau Counties, adversely affecting current water supplies and limiting future water supplies for affected communities. The regional groundwater model developed for this investigation is a tool that can be used to help determine the viability of current and future water supplies at a regional scale and can be used to support development of additional models at finer scale to support more focused assessments of groundwater sustainability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., Jahn, K.L., Masterson, J.P., Dressler, S.E., Finkelstein, J.S., and Monti, J., Jr., 2024, Simulation of groundwater flow in the Long Island, New York regional aquifer system for pumping and recharge conditions from 1900 to 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5044, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245044.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 113 p.; 3 Data Releases; Interactive Geospatial Data Viewer","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-159975","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499466,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey began a multiyear cooperative study with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to evaluate the sustainability of Long Island’s sole-source aquifer system through hydrogeologic mapping, compilation of groundwater chloride concentrations, and groundwater flow modeling. In the initial phase of the islandwide study, the hydrogeologic framework and extent of saltwater intrusion in aquifers in Kings, Queens, and Nassau Counties on western Long Island, N.Y., were investigated. The aquifer system underlying western Long Island has been under stress from pumping of public, irrigation (golf course), and industrial supply wells. Saltwater intrusion has occurred from surrounding embayments (East River, Long Island Sound, Jamaica Bay, and the Atlantic Ocean) due to pumping.
Eighteen boreholes were drilled and cores taken during 2019–21 to collect hydrogeologic, geochemical, and geophysical data to delineate the complex subsurface hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion within the study area. Evaluation of the new cores, reexamination of legacy core descriptions, and analysis of borehole geophysical logs was used to refine the previously published hydrogeologic framework of Pleistocene and Cretaceous unconsolidated sediments in the area, including delineation of a previously undefined hydrogeologic unit between the Magothy aquifer and the Raritan confining unit, herein named the “upper Raritan aquifer.” The upper Raritan aquifer was first recognized in southeastern Nassau County from an analysis of about 50 closely spaced boreholes with high-resolution core descriptions and gamma-ray (gamma) logs. Further analysis of borehole logs across the study area indicated that the upper Raritan aquifer was also present in Kings and Queens Counties.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging was used for the first time on Long Island to provide estimates of the hydraulic properties of the major aquifer and confining units. Unlike other geophysical logs that record responses to the rock matrix and fluid properties and are strongly dependent on mineralogy, NMR logs record responses to the presence of hydrogen protons in the formation fluid to determine water fraction and pore-size distribution. NMR log analysis provided estimates of the clay-bound, capillary-bound, and mobile water fractions and hydraulic conductivity of aquifers and confining units penetrated by five wells in Nassau County.
Pumpage for public-supply and industrial wells on Long Island began in the 1870s with small, localized suppliers of populated areas in Kings and Queens Counties. By 1904–16, pumpage for public water supply in Kings County averaged 21 million gallons per day, and averaged 37 million gallons per day in Queens County, mostly from the upper glacial aquifer. Saltwater intrusion was reported as early as the beginning of the 20th century and included the upper glacial-Jameco-Magothy and Lloyd-North Shore aquifer systems. By 1936, pumping in central Kings County created a major cone of depression in the water table extending to the south shore of much of Kings County and into southwestern Queens County. Saltwater intrusion has caused the shutdown of public-supply wells in Kings, Queens, and Nassau Counties. A large saltwater intrusion wedge in the Lloyd aquifer was indicated in southern Queens County in the early part of the 20th century, and the saltwater interface may have been onshore predevelopment. Most of Kings and Queens Counties are intruded with saltwater in both the upper glacial-Jameco-Magothy and Lloyd-North Shore aquifers systems. Saltwater increased during the 20th century and continues to increase to the present (2023) in the Lloyd-North Shore aquifer system in Great Neck and Manhasset Neck in northern Nassau County. A major wedge of saltwater intrusion in the upper glacial-Jameco-Magothy aquifer in southwestern Nassau County appears to be increasing.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Finkelstein, J.S., Williams, J.H., and Lange, A.D., 2024, Hydrogeologic framework and extent of saltwater intrusion in Kings, Queens, and Nassau Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5048, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245048.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 83 p.; 3 Data Releases; Interactive Geospatial Data Viewer","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-147125","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431252,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97WN72B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic framework and 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New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Recent large-scale spatial products have been developed to assess wetland position in the tidal frame, but nationwide comparisons and validations are missing for these products. Wetland position within the tidal frame is a commonly used characteristic to compare wetlands across biogeomorphic gradients and factors heavily into wetland vulnerability models. We utilize a dataset of 365 surface elevation table stations across the conterminous USA containing ground-surveyed tidal datum and elevation data to validate two gridded, conterminous USA–wide relative tidal elevation products. We identified substantial differences between our ground-surveyed dataset and the gridded products, with the Gulf coast exhibiting the greatest error (p < 0.0001, n = 140). Error in relative tidal elevation products varied by coast, tidal range, and latitude. These differences in errors indicate that gridded relative tidal elevation products may be more accurate in coastal wetlands with larger tidal ranges (> 30 cm) and are less accurate in freshwater wetlands near the coast. This paper makes advances in understanding why relative tidal elevation differences occur among national datasets and identifies areas of future work that could support more robust vulnerability models.
Understanding and quantifying soil erosion from rangelands is a high priority for land managers, especially in areas underlain by Cretaceous Mancos Shale, which is a natural source of sediment, salinity, and selenium to surface waters in many areas of western Colorado and eastern Utah. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a U.S. Geological Survey study that assessed sediment, salinity, and selenium yields after the Dead Dog wildfire (fire began June 11, 2017) in northwestern Colorado. Two methodologies were used to quantify erosion, with different data requirements and analytical complexity. The first approach was the use of a process-based erosion model, the Watershed Erosion Prediction Project, which uses inputs of climate, topography, vegetation, and soils data from existing datasets to predict erosion, making this approach easily extensible to other areas. The second approach required more complex data collection and was used to measure erosion and deposition by differencing digital elevation models created from uncrewed aerial vehicle imagery collected in 2016 (pre-fire) and 2021 (post-fire). Sediment, salinity, and selenium yields were calculated from the volumetric estimates of erosion from both methods, and a discussion of factors that may have contributed to overall findings, including vegetation, fire effects, and soil characteristics, is included.
The two approaches yielded different outputs. Results from the Watershed Erosion Prediction Project model indicated that almost no erosion occurred after the Dead Dog fire. However, morphological changes in the study basin after the Dead Dog fire were visible in the pre- and post-fire imagery and measured in the digital elevation model differencing technique, with net erosion occurring in channel and landscape extents, though calculated erosion rates and salinity and selenium yields were relatively small. Visible and measured morphological changes consisted primarily of incision and deposition within stream channels and rill incision and expansion on steeper slopes. Widespread sheet erosion was not evident. Much of the new erosion originated within, and immediately below, previously vegetated areas that were then burned by the wildfire. Greater erosion rates and salinity and selenium yields were measured in the channel extent relative to the landscape extent. Calculated erosion rates ranged from 0.24 to 0.45 megagrams per hectare per year. These results indicate that the Dead Dog fire resulted in increased erosion in the study basin, yet these effects were relatively small based on the overall magnitude of modeled and measured erosion from the Watershed Erosion Prediction Project and the digital elevation model differencing technique. Minimal erosion in the basin is likely due to local site characteristics typical of soils derived from Mancos Shale, including the presence of robust physical crusts and biological soil crusts, and limitations of the methods based on data availability. Focusing uncrewed aerial vehicle flights on key areas (individual steep slopes, high-intensity burn areas, specific stream reaches) could likely increase understanding of erosional process with less effort and error than doing landscape-level flights.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Day, N.K., Preston, T.M., and Longley, P.C., 2024, Wildland fire effects on sediment, salinity, and selenium yields in a basin underlain by Cretaceous marine shales near Rangely, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5043, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245043.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 31 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-144341","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433027,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245043/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5043"},{"id":432498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":432499,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5043/sir20245043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5043"},{"id":432500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91KRAAD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Orthoimagery, digital elevation, digital terrain, final surface, and vegetation classification models for four stream catchments in western Colorado 2016"},{"id":432501,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZA125K","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Erosion rates and salinity and selenium yields in a basin near Rangely, Colorado following the 2017 Dead Dog wildfire as modeled by WEPP and measured from UAV"},{"id":432610,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5043/sir20245043.xml"},{"id":432609,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5043/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.99103575578066,\n 40.20515709262918\n ],\n [\n -108.99103575578066,\n 40.015728339502004\n ],\n [\n -108.68461550797593,\n 40.015728339502004\n ],\n [\n -108.68461550797593,\n 40.20515709262918\n ],\n [\n -108.99103575578066,\n 40.20515709262918\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Erie County, New York, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, collected water-quality samples in nine selected New York tributaries to Lake Erie, computed estimates of suspended sediment and nutrient loads using the R scripting package rloadest and used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate hydrology and suspended sediment and nutrient loads from these tributaries. This project was undertaken to better understand the water quality of New York’s inputs into eastern Lake Erie.
Water-quality samples for suspended sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus were collected at 19 sampling sites in the Lake Erie Basin in New York. Daily and monthly suspended sediment and nutrient loads were computed with regressions of streamflow and suspended sediment and nutrient concentrations using rloadest.
SWAT models of nine watersheds were created using publicly available data; and the loads calculated by rloadest. Twenty-six SWAT model scenarios were created to explore the effects that best management practices (BMPs; 21 scenarios), point source discharges (4 scenarios), and green infrastructure (1 scenario) can have on the water quality of the nine tributaries to Lake Erie. BMP scenarios for the watershed models included combinations of agricultural BMPs applied at varying implementation levels across the study watersheds, including cover crops, reduced tillage, nutrient management plans, and filter strips. The BMP scenarios showed small reductions of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The scenarios have variable suspended sediment load results, with both increases and decreases of sediment modeled. The point source scenarios result in lower total phosphorus loads. The green infrastructure scenario shows only minimal reduction of suspended sediment and nutrient loads from the Buffalo River watershed but shows substantial reductions locally.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Erie County, New York, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Merriman, K.R., Fisher, B.N., Nystrom, E.A., Bunch, A.R., Welk, R.J., and Kappel, W.M., 2024, Monitoring and simulation of hydrology, suspended sediment, and nutrients in selected tributary watersheds of Lake Erie, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5022, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245022.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 152 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"152","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-142479","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432349,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5022/images/"},{"id":432347,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245022/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5022 HTML"},{"id":432346,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5022/sir20245022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"49.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5022 PDF"},{"id":432345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5022/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":432350,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9N6IQZT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and rloadest models used to estimate sediment and nutrient loads in selected New York tributaries to eastern Lake Erie"},{"id":499450,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117172.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432351,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U2IF5I","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SWAT Model Archive for Simulation of Hydrology, Suspended Sediment and Nutrients in Selected Tributary Watersheds of Lake Erie, New York"},{"id":432348,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5022/sir20245022.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2024-5022 XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.05117923155397,\n 43.180030390880034\n ],\n [\n -79.03978515463244,\n 43.13847304512555\n ],\n [\n -79.06582875902379,\n 43.119465987668804\n ],\n [\n -79.05606240737677,\n 43.10639520955428\n ],\n [\n -79.07233966012183,\n 43.07667851399174\n ],\n [\n -78.99420884694702,\n 43.056462925290475\n ],\n [\n -79.0235079018874,\n 43.00648994913769\n ],\n [\n -79.01048609969206,\n 42.9779156948116\n ],\n [\n -78.95514344035962,\n 42.9540936681897\n ],\n [\n -78.91933348432123,\n 42.94932815586105\n ],\n [\n -78.90305623157617,\n 42.9243031624776\n ],\n [\n -78.89817305575336,\n 42.889728119559265\n ],\n [\n -78.87212945136129,\n 42.800219981426636\n ],\n [\n -79.75923746535221,\n 42.27370078552943\n ],\n [\n -79.75435428952869,\n 42.04444584745826\n ],\n [\n -79.2155772236776,\n 42.08553142608457\n ],\n [\n -78.44891922533873,\n 42.52492114004454\n ],\n [\n -78.15592867593357,\n 42.82529655474477\n ],\n [\n -78.1005861716743,\n 43.11709104352599\n ],\n [\n -78.66540684191676,\n 43.21444355835797\n ],\n [\n -79.01536777592817,\n 43.19308678489239\n ],\n [\n -79.05117923155397,\n 43.180030390880034\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
High-frequency recordings of valve opening behavior (VOB) in bivalves are often used to detect changes in environmental conditions. However, generally a single variable such as temperature or the presence of toxicants in the water is the focus. A description of routine VOB under non-stressful conditions is also important for interpreting responses to environmental changes. Here we present the first detailed quantitative investigation of the in-situ VOB of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to environmental variables typically not considered stressful. The VOB of eight individuals was monitored for seven weeks in a Louisiana estuary. We examined the relationships between VOB metrics (variance in mean % max opening among oysters, the probability of an oyster being closed, and the rate of valve closure), and temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, the rate of change in those environmental variables, and the rate of change in water depth. Relationships were analyzed through statistical models including rates of change over 0, 0.25, 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hours. All the responses were best explained by the 12-hour time step model. The interaction effect between salinity and the rate of change of salinity had the greatest impact on variance in oysters’ behavior. Oysters closed faster at higher salinities and were more likely to be closed at lower chl-a concentrations. Significant interactions were found between many environmental variables, indicating a high level of complexity of oyster behavior in the natural environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of environmental conditions on oyster behavior and can help inform predictive tools for restoration initiatives and fisheries practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04488-1","usgsCitation":"Lavaud, R., Archer, S.K., La Peyre, M., Campanino, F.M., Casas, S.M., and La Peyre, J., 2024, In-situ valve opening response of eastern oysters to estuarine conditions: Marine Biology, v. 171, 174, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04488-1.","productDescription":"174, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159584","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04488-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Cocodrie","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.34617193921602,\n 30.068407744230996\n ],\n [\n -93.35606344461247,\n 29.94670606331917\n ],\n [\n -93.35045825822144,\n 29.901859839798448\n ],\n [\n -93.44525185159969,\n 29.878295556083188\n ],\n [\n -93.44113039101742,\n 29.8467304098334\n ],\n [\n -93.38639739449258,\n 29.824421454254924\n ],\n [\n -93.33529128328053,\n 29.832717112540085\n ],\n [\n -93.22879274184997,\n 29.82728290698418\n ],\n [\n -93.23604651247412,\n 29.934684702015808\n ],\n [\n -93.26605074550871,\n 29.97126265396491\n ],\n [\n -93.2709964982069,\n 30.06612530436263\n ],\n [\n -93.3164974230284,\n 30.07297328237152\n ],\n [\n -93.34617193921602,\n 30.068407744230996\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.66727151906291,\n 29.256476661265964\n ],\n [\n -90.66727151906291,\n 29.24589112537342\n ],\n [\n -90.6597384352432,\n 29.24589112537342\n ],\n [\n -90.6597384352432,\n 29.256476661265964\n ],\n [\n -90.66727151906291,\n 29.256476661265964\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lavaud, Romain","contributorId":341281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavaud","given":"Romain","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archer, Stephanie K.","contributorId":341282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archer","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12699,"text":"Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"La Peyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":264343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Megan K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campanino, Finella M.","contributorId":341283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campanino","given":"Finella","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casas, Sandra M.","contributorId":341284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casas","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":341285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome F.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70264349,"text":"70264349 - 2024 - Shallow faulting and folding beneath south‐central Seattle, Washington State, from land‐based high‐resolution seismic‐reflection imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-12T13:55:43.660255","indexId":"70264349","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-08T08:50:19","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10542,"text":"The Seismic Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow faulting and folding beneath south‐central Seattle, Washington State, from land‐based high‐resolution seismic‐reflection imaging","docAbstract":"The geologic framework of the Seattle fault zone (SFZ) has been extensively studied, but the structure and fault strand locations in the central portion of the fault zone through the city of Seattle have remained controversial. Much of what is known about the SFZ has come from light detection and ranging (lidar)‐topographic surveys and paleoseismic investigations of fault scarps primarily west of Puget Sound, regional gravity and aeromagnetic modeling, and multiscale marine seismic imaging in waters both west and east of Seattle. We analyze ∼24 km of land‐based P‐wave seismic‐reflection data that fill in a critical gap in our understanding of the SFZ beneath the urban areas of West Seattle, south‐central Seattle, and Mercer Island. These data image deformed strata in the upper 1 km, including upwarped Tertiary rock and younger sediments. Collectively, these data provide evidence for multiple Quaternary‐active thrust faults, back thrusts, and sub‐basins within the SFZ beneath the city of Seattle. The results indicate that multiple and potentially active back thrusts in the upper ∼500 m extend across the length of the SFZ and the entire urban corridor that may be analogous to those on Bainbridge Island west of Puget Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0320230050","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., and Pratt, T.L., 2024, Shallow faulting and folding beneath south‐central Seattle, Washington State, from land‐based high‐resolution seismic‐reflection imaging: The Seismic Record, v. 4, no. 3, p. 184-193, https://doi.org/10.1785/0320230050.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"193","ipdsId":"IP-159620","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0320230050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.72997503110628,\n 47.62004863663242\n ],\n [\n -122.72997503110628,\n 47.4020813981619\n ],\n [\n -122.11956470840835,\n 47.4020813981619\n ],\n [\n -122.11956470840835,\n 47.62004863663242\n ],\n [\n -122.72997503110628,\n 47.62004863663242\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, Jack K. 0000-0002-3162-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-0355","contributorId":97900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":930478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70262363,"text":"70262363 - 2024 - Clustering and unconstrained ordination with Dirichlet process mixture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-16T17:42:37.701078","indexId":"70262363","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-02T11:33:50","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clustering and unconstrained ordination with Dirichlet process mixture models","docAbstract":"Little is known about the post-nesting migration and foraging areas of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting on St. Kitts and Nevis, an important nesting site for hawksbills in the eastern Caribbean. To elucidate internesting, migration and foraging patterns of hawksbills from Nevis, we satellite tagged 28 post-nesting turtles between 2006 and 2022. Internesting, migrating and foraging activity periods were determined using a switching state–space model to estimate the behavioral state of the turtle’s locations. Twenty-five turtles (83–2,171 tracking days) established a foraging area, migrating between 5.3 and 2,799.5 km from the nesting beach. Twenty-one turtles were tracked during internesting movements with internesting areas ranging between 1.9 and 28.2 km2. Nearly half of the internesting centroids were located closer to a different beach than the beach where the turtle was originally encountered nesting. Hawksbills crossed through 29 different Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), including zones with legal sea turtle fisheries or traditional subsistence use. Core foraging areas (KDE 50%) ranged between 3.8 and 69.0 km2. Nearly a third of foraging centroids were within a Marine Protected Area (MPA), while nearly a quarter were within a legal sea turtle fishery EEZ. Hawksbills nesting on Nevis disperse to local, regional, and Caribbean wide foraging grounds, emphasizing the necessity of cooperative efforts to protect turtles and their habitats to ensure support of the recovery of hawksbill turtles throughout the wider Caribbean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-024-04491-6","usgsCitation":"Evans, D.R., Pemberton, L., and Carthy, R., 2024, Wide-ranging migration of post-nesting hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Caribbean island of Nevis: Marine Biology, v. 171, 171, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04491-6.","productDescription":"171, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161346","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04491-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saint Kitts and Nevis","otherGeospatial":"Caribbean, Nevis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.72100737406826,\n 25.303247272191882\n ],\n [\n -89.72100737406826,\n 10.779361764328613\n ],\n [\n -57.461761139581384,\n 10.779361764328613\n ],\n [\n -57.461761139581384,\n 25.303247272191882\n ],\n [\n -89.72100737406826,\n 25.303247272191882\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Daniel R.","contributorId":331390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":79193,"text":"Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pemberton, Lemuel","contributorId":349785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pemberton","given":"Lemuel","affiliations":[{"id":83514,"text":"Nevis Turtle Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond 0000-0001-8978-5083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":219303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70257086,"text":"70257086 - 2024 - Peri-Gondwanan sediment in the Arkoma Basin derived from the north: The detrital zircon record of a uniquely concentrated non-Laurentian source signal in the late Paleozoic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-07T16:14:46.422867","indexId":"70257086","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-02T06:46:56","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peri-Gondwanan sediment in the Arkoma Basin derived from the north: The detrital zircon record of a uniquely concentrated non-Laurentian source signal in the late Paleozoic","docAbstract":"During the assembly of Pangea, peri-Gondwanan terranes collided with the eastern and southern margins of Laurentia and brought with them unique detrital zircon U-Pb signatures. Discriminating between individual peri-Gondwanan terranes in the detrital record is difficult due to their similar geologic histories. However, characterization of this provenance is critical for understanding late Paleozoic sediment routing during development of Pangea. Along southeastern Laurentia, in the Arkoma Basin (present-day Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, southeastern United States), we identified Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) strata that exhibit a concentrated peri-Gondwanan detrital zircon signature (e.g., ca. 800–550 Ma). Although several southern peri-Gondwanan terranes (e.g., Maya, Suwannee) are closer to the Arkoma Basin, geologic data, such as predominantly north-to-south paleocurrents and proximal-to-distal facies relationships in these Desmoinesian strata, support a northern source (e.g., Ganderia, Avalonia, Meguma). Further evidence of a northern source comes from detrital zircon source mapping, which reveals the persistence of this peri-Gondwanan signal in depocenters to the north of the basin after the signal had diminished in the Arkoma Basin. To this end, bottom-up detrital zircon source modeling, source mapping, regional stratigraphy, paleocurrent data, and sandstone petrography allow us to reconstruct the evolution of this Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) sediment pathway in the context of intraplate and plate-margin tectonic activity. This reconstruction documents processes affecting Earth’s surface (e.g., tectonics, climate) during the assembly of Pangea and describes in detail part of a dynamic continental-scale drainage system.
Quantifying migratory connectivity and annual movement is key to sound conservation planning for migratory species. Hermit Warblers (Setophaga occidentalis) are an endemic-breeding species in the Pacific Northwest that winters in Mexico and the Central Americas. This species faces threats from mature forest loss and climate change throughout its range, but we know little about its migration ecology. To understand the annual movements and migratory connectivity of Hermit Warblers, we tracked 22 adult male Hermit Warblers from six breeding sites across the species’ breeding range using geolocators to examine migratory connectivity, spatiotemporal patterns, and migration routes. We found a high degree of mixing on the wintering grounds among birds from different breeding locations, indicating low migratory connectivity. However, birds breeding in Yosemite, the southernmost breeding location in our study, wintered farther east and south than birds from more northern breeding locations, providing weak evidence for potential chain migration. All birds showed much shorter and faster movements during spring migration than during fall migration. Birds arrived at breeding grounds from late April to mid-May and left breeding ranges from late June to mid-July. In fall, birds moved slowly from the breeding locations to montane regions in southern Oregon and California, which may indicate post-breeding molt before swiftly migrating to wintering grounds. Low migratory connectivity in this species implies that habitat and climate change across the broad wintering range may affect breeding populations throughout the species’ breeding range. A particularly compressed breeding schedule and departure of birds from the breeding grounds in early July may indicate that breeding is limited by a short window of favorable climatic conditions for breeding, which could signal heightened vulnerability under future climatic scenarios.
","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ACE-02622-190206","usgsCitation":"Kim, H., Siegel, R., Stephens, J.L., Hagar, J., Furnas, B., Jeong, M., McComb, B., and Betts, M., 2024, Annual migratory movement, apparent molt-migration, migration schedule, and diffuse migratory connectivity of Hermit Warblers: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 19, no. 2, 6, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-02622-190206.","productDescription":"6, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149339","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ace-02622-190206","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.11203028252265,\n 47.82187188181675\n ],\n [\n -123.78944793706691,\n 46.93753054676185\n ],\n [\n -124.6414125408566,\n 41.58908295445511\n ],\n [\n -123.76636171157838,\n 38.898156250751896\n ],\n [\n -121.01118030676412,\n 34.73923370076069\n ],\n [\n -114.41027429470861,\n 28.70764099274254\n ],\n [\n -110.85644692068149,\n 27.899656621073362\n ],\n [\n -105.51137356648343,\n 22.512656408826786\n ],\n [\n -105.3528752882118,\n 19.65270323671625\n ],\n [\n -96.847740450098,\n 15.062683530657822\n ],\n [\n -94.78046172958133,\n 16.381874246929584\n ],\n [\n -88.93617423399866,\n 12.987506247141695\n ],\n [\n -82.96824120792775,\n 8.601482016581201\n ],\n [\n -84.2473837733847,\n 12.296450374282543\n ],\n [\n -90.84763601057068,\n 17.58036685913001\n ],\n [\n -97.19436678836715,\n 19.53440699783762\n ],\n [\n -106.6740211752392,\n 31.781536902714677\n ],\n [\n -116.89399027637168,\n 39.9200429404375\n ],\n [\n -119.15894422131151,\n 44.206880348869106\n ],\n [\n -120.11203028252265,\n 47.82187188181675\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Hankyu","contributorId":340621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Hankyu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81639,"text":"University of Wisconsin – Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siegel, Rodney","contributorId":195415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegel","given":"Rodney","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":911019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephens, Jaime L","contributorId":343422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephens","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":33317,"text":"Klamath Bird Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":911021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furnas, Brett","contributorId":343423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furnas","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jeong, Min-Su","contributorId":343424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeong","given":"Min-Su","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McComb, Brenda C","contributorId":343426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McComb","given":"Brenda C","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Betts, Matthew G.","contributorId":340630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Betts","given":"Matthew G.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":911025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70258271,"text":"70258271 - 2024 - Abundance and distribution of white-tailed deer on First State National Historical Park and surrounding lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T15:14:35.971177","indexId":"70258271","displayToPublicDate":"2024-08-01T10:13:51","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18517,"text":"Science Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/SR—2024/176","title":"Abundance and distribution of white-tailed deer on First State National Historical Park and surrounding lands","docAbstract":"We estimated both abundance and distribution of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Brandywine Valley unit of First State National Historical Park (FRST) and the Brandywine Creek State Park (BCSP) during 2020 and 2021 with two widely used field methods — a road-based count and a network of camera traps. We conducted 24 road-based counts, covering 260 km of roadway, and deployed up to 16 camera traps, processing over 82,000 images representing over 5,000 independent observations.
In both years, we identified bucks based on their body and antler characteristics, tracking their movements between baited camera trap locations. We tested seven estimators commonly reported in the literature, comparing the relative merits for managers of small, protected natural areas like FRST.
Deer densities estimated from conventional road-based distance sampling were approximately 10 deer/km2 lower than densities estimated from camera-trapping surveys. We attribute the bias in roadbased distance sampling to the difficulty of recording the precise effort expended to obtain the counts. Modifying the distance sampling method addressed many of the issues associated with the conventional approach. Despite little substantive differences in land cover types between the two methods, a clear spatial segregation of male and female deer at camera trap locations could bias roadbased counts if the sexes are not encountered in proportion to their abundances. There was a distinct gradient in deer distribution across the study area, with higher proportions of deer recorded in camera traps at FRST than BCSP, which harvests 20–60 deer annually during a regulated, hunting season.
The most reliable (i.e., low bias, acceptable precision) methods, Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR) and Density Surface Modeling (DSM), produced deer densities of approximately 50 deer/km2 in each year — a number which is consistent with previous estimates for New Castle County, Delaware, and our experience in similar, unhunted natural areas. Across both FRST and BCSP, these densities translated into area-wide (~1000 ha) population sizes between 650–1000 deer, with about one-half to two-thirds comprising the FRST population.
Density surface modeling of mapped locations of deer detected during surveys, combined with camera-trapping and a time-to-event data analysis might be the only practical means of reliably assessing white-tailed deer abundance in small (<2000 ha), protected natural areas like FRST. Most other approaches are either too time-consuming, require identification and tracking of individual deer, the use of bait, or require intervention by a subject-area expert.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","doi":"10.36967/2305428","usgsCitation":"Underwood, H.B., Hand, M.R., and Leopold, D.J., 2024, Abundance and distribution of white-tailed deer on First State National Historical Park and surrounding lands: Science Report NPS/SR—2024/176, x, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.36967/2305428.","productDescription":"x, 76 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154880","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Brandywine Creek State Park, Brandywine Valley unit of First State National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.57893855864407,\n 39.84864721075371\n ],\n [\n -75.57893855864407,\n 39.79988968093724\n ],\n [\n -75.54431018453508,\n 39.79988968093724\n ],\n [\n -75.54431018453508,\n 39.84864721075371\n ],\n [\n -75.57893855864407,\n 39.84864721075371\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Underwood, H. Brian 0000-0002-2064-9128 hbunderw@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":140185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.","email":"hbunderw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hand, Madison R.","contributorId":344097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hand","given":"Madison","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13404,"text":"SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leopold, Donald J.","contributorId":220142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leopold","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13404,"text":"SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}