Side-scan sonar and multibeam imagery of Glacier Bay, Alaska, revealed complex iceberg gouge patterns at water depths to 135 m on the floor of Whidbey Passage and south to the bay entrance. These previously undiscovered gouges likely formed more than 100 years ago as the glacier retreated rapidly up Glacier Bay. Gouged areas free of fine sediment supported greater biodiversity of Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepsis than nearby sediment-filled gouges, probably due to increased habitat complexity. Small Pacific halibut were forund more frequently in sediment-free gouged areas, presumably due to higher prey abundance. In contrast, large Pacific halibut were found more frequently on soft substrates such as sediment-filled gouges, where they could bury themselves and ambush prey.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ducks, geese, and swans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"9780198546450","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2005, Emperor Goose Anser canagicus, chap. of Ducks, geese, and swans: Bird Families of the World, v. 1, p. 293-297.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/ducks-geese-and-swans-9780198546450?lang=en&cc=us#"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75402e4b09da6799c0c6e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kear, Janet","contributorId":111746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kear","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1012990,"text":"1012990 - 2005 - Variations in the Arctic's multiyear sea ice cover: A neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I data, 1979-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:49:32","indexId":"1012990","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in the Arctic's multiyear sea ice cover: A neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I data, 1979-2004","docAbstract":"A 26-year (1979-2004) observational record of January multiyear sea ice distributions, derived from neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I passive microwave satellite data, reveals dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic basin surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Following a decade of quasi equilibrium, precipitous declines in multiyear ice area commenced in 1989 when the Arctic Oscillation shifted to a pronounced positive phase. Although extensive survival of first-year ice during autumn 1996 fully replenished the area of multiyear ice, a subsequent and accelerated decline returned the depletion to record lows. The most dramatic multiyear sea ice declines occurred in the East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2005GL022395","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., Eremeev, V., and Platonov, N.G., 2005, Variations in the Arctic's multiyear sea ice cover: A neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I data, 1979-2004: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022395.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269147,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022395"}],"volume":"32","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cac63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eremeev, V.A.","contributorId":93444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eremeev","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189665,"text":"70189665 - 2005 - Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:06:11","indexId":"70189665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000","docAbstract":"Bristol Bay, Alaska, supports one of the largest and most valuable salmon fisheries in the world. Salmon abundance in Bristol Bay and other northern areas more than doubled after the 1976–77 marine climate shift. However, in 1997–98, a major El Niño event led to unusual oceanographic conditions and Bristol Bay sockeye salmon production was unexpectedly low. Nevertheless, the effect of climate on biological mechanisms leading to greater salmon survival and production are poorly understood. In order to test several hypotheses linking climate to salmon growth, interspecific and intraspecific competition, and salmon production, we measured annual marine and freshwater scale growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon, 1955 to 2000.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the open science meeting study of environmental Arctic change (SEARCH)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Open Science Meeting: Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH)","conferenceDate":"October 27-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, J.L., and Ruggerone, G.T., 2005, Linkages between climate, growth, competition at sea and production of sockeye salmon populations in Bristol Bay, 1955-2000, in Proceedings of the open science meeting study of environmental Arctic change (SEARCH), Seattle, WA, October 27-30, 2003, p. 198-198.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arcus.org/search-program/products"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bristol Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab1a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Behr, Sarah","contributorId":20479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behr","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705688,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, Helen","contributorId":104416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiggins","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, Alison","contributorId":99067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"York","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705693,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggerone, Gregory T.","contributorId":48068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013397,"text":"1013397 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:47:47","indexId":"1013397","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice","docAbstract":"Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice are investigated using a new reverse chronology algorithm that tracks ice-covered pixels to their location and date of origin based on ice motion and concentration data. The Beaufort Gyre tends to harbor the oldest (>10 years old) sea ice in the western Arctic while direct ice advection pathways toward the Transpolar Drift Stream maintain relatively young (10 years old (10+ year age class) were observed during 1989-2003. Since the mid-1990s, losses to the 10+ year age class lacked compensation by recruitment due to a prior depletion of all mature (6-10 year) age classes. Survival of the 1994 and 1996-1998 sea ice generations reestablished most mature age classes, and thereby the potential to increase extent of the 10+ year age class during the mid-2000s.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023976","issn":"0094-8276","usgsCitation":"Belchansky, G., Douglas, D., and Platonov, N.G., 2005, Spatial and temporal variations in the age structure of Arctic sea ice: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023976.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269148,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023976"}],"volume":"32","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belchansky, G. I.","contributorId":24301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belchansky","given":"G. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platonov, Nikita G.","contributorId":8791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Platonov","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186644,"text":"70186644 - 2005 - Introduction to the handbook","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186644,"text":"70186644 - 2005 - Introduction to the handbook","indexId":"70186644","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to the handbook"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:17:11","indexId":"70186644","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to the handbook","docAbstract":"In September of 1802, Pierre Simon Laplace (1749–1827) used a capture– recapture type of approach to estimate the size of the human population of France (Cochran 1978; Stigler 1986). At that time, live births were recorded for all of France on an annual basis. In the year prior to September 1802, Laplace estimated the number of such births to be approximately X = 1,000,000. These newly born individuals constituted a marked population. Laplace then obtained census and live birth data from several communities “with zealous and intelligent mayors” across all of France. Recognizing some variation in annual birth rates, Laplace summed the number of births reported in these sample communities for the three years leading up to the time of his estimate, and divided by three to determine that there were x = 71,866 births per year (marked individuals) in those communities. The ratio of these marked individuals to the total number of individuals in the sampled communities, y = 2,037,615, was then the estimate
p = 71,866/2,037,615 = 0.0353
of the proportion of the total population in France that was newly born. On this basis, the one million marked individuals in the whole of France is related to the total population N as
Np ≈ 1,000,000
so that
N ≈ 1,000,000/0.0353 =28,328,612
This estimation procedure is equivalent to the Lincoln-Peterson capture-recapture estimator described in chapter 2.
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Quotas for each jurisdiction are to be reviewed annually in light of the best available scientific information. Ideal implementation of the Agreement has been hampered by the inability to quantify geographic overlap among bears from adjacent populations. We applied new analytical procedures to a more extensive radiotelemetry data set than has previously been available to quantify that overlap and thereby improve the efficacy of the Agreement. We constructed a grid over the eastern Chukchi Sea and Beaufort Sea and used twodimensional kernel smoothing to assign probabilities to the distributions of all instrumented bears. A cluster analysis of radio relocation data identified three relatively discrete groups or “populations” of polar bears: the SBS, Chukchi Sea (CS), and northern Beaufort Sea (NBS) populations. With kernel smoothing, we calculated relative probabilities of occurrence for individual members of each population in each cell of our grid. We estimated the uncertainty in probabilities by bootstrapping. Availability of polar bears from each population varied geographically. Near Barrow, Alaska, 50% of harvested bears are from the CS population and 50% from the SBS population. Nearly 99% of the bears taken by Kaktovik hunters are from the SBS. At Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada, 50% are from the SBS and 50% from the NBS population. We displayed the occurrence of bears from each population as probabilities for each cell in our grid and as maps with contour lines delineating changes in relative probability. This new analytical approach will greatly improve the accuracy of allocating harvest quotas among hunting communities and jurisdictions while assuring that harvests remain within the bounds of sustainable yield.
We evaluated population trends in the Mentasta caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) herd in Wrangell – St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, from 1990 to 1997 and determined factors contributing to its decline. We postulated that predation-related mortality of adult females and juveniles was the proximate cause of the decline, and that survival of juvenile caribou reflected interactions with winter severity, calving distribution, timing of births, density of caribou, and physical condition of neonates at birth. The population declined at its greatest rate from 1990 to 1993 (r = –0.32) and at a lower rate from 1994 to 1997 (r = –0.09). Recruitment (number of calves/100 females during September) averaged 4/100 during the rapid population decline from 1990 to 1993 and 13/100 from 1994 to 1997. Parturition rate of adult females ranged from 65% to 97%. Survival of adult females and juveniles ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 and from 0.00 to 0.22, respectively. Approximately 43%, 59%, and 79% of all juvenile mortality occurred by 1, 2, and 4 weeks of age, respectively. We confirmed predation-related mortality as the primary proximate cause of population decline, with gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758), bears (species of the genus Ursus L., 1758), and other predators accounting for 57%, 38%, and 5%, respectively, of all juvenile mortality, and bears causing disproportionate mortality among 0- to 1-week-old neonates. We supported the hypotheses that timing of birth and habitat conditions at the birth site, particularly mottled snow patterns, affected vulnerability and survival of neonates, and birth mass affected survival of juveniles through summer. We speculate that the population will continue to decline before reaching a low-density equilibrium that is sustained by density-dependent changes in the functional responses of predators.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z05-111","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K.J., and Barten, N.L., 2005, Demography and decline of the Mentasta caribou herd, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 83, no. 9, p. 1174-1188, https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-111.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1174","endPage":"1188","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wrangell – St. Elias National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.898681640625,\n 61.79390039913458\n ],\n [\n -141.0809326171875,\n 61.79390039913458\n ],\n [\n -141.0809326171875,\n 62.72956747019657\n ],\n [\n -144.898681640625,\n 62.72956747019657\n ],\n [\n -144.898681640625,\n 61.79390039913458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6923c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barten, Neil L.","contributorId":26273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barten","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016362,"text":"1016362 - 2005 - Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T15:25:29.623858","indexId":"1016362","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii) is of conservation concern due to its restricted range, small population size, specific habitat requirements, and perceived threats to its breeding and wintering habitat. Within the U.S., this species breeds almost entirely within the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, nearly all of which is open, or proposed to be opened, for oil development. Rigorous estimates of Yellow-billed Loon population size and trend are lacking but essential for informed conservation. We used two annual aerial waterfowl surveys, conducted 1986–2003 and 1992–2003, to estimate population size and trend on northern Alaskan breeding grounds. In estimating population trend, we used mixed-effects regression models to reduce bias and sampling error associated with improvement in observer skill and annual effects of spring phenology. The estimated population trend on Alaskan breeding grounds since 1986 was near 0 with an estimated annual change of−0.9% (95% CI of−3.6% to +1.8%). The estimated population size, averaged over the past 12 years and adjusted by a correction factor based on an intensive, lake-circling, aerial survey method, was 2221 individuals (95% CI of 1206–3235) in early June and 3369 individuals (95% CI of 1910–4828) in late June. Based on estimates from other studies of the proportion of loons nesting in a given year, it is likely that <1000 nesting pairs inhabit northern Alaska in most years. The highest concentration of Yellow-billed Loons occurred between the Meade and Ikpikpuk Rivers; and across all of northern Alaska, 53% of recorded sightings occurred within 12% of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.2.289","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Stehn, R., Platte, R., Larned, W.W., and Mallek, E.J., 2005, Population size and trend of Yellow-billed Loons in northern Alaska: Condor, v. 107, p. 289-304, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.6885206018014\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 68.6885206018014\n ],\n [\n -141.416015625,\n 71.24435551310674\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 71.24435551310674\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 68.6885206018014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stehn, Robert A","contributorId":216354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stehn","given":"Robert A","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":324082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Larned, William W.","contributorId":75206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larned","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mallek, Edward J.","contributorId":103964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallek","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003643,"text":"1003643 - 2005 - Avian cholera exposure and carriers in greater white-fronted geese breeding in Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-07T15:41:57.001786","indexId":"1003643","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian cholera exposure and carriers in greater white-fronted geese breeding in Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"We conducted a 3-yr study (2001–03) on greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) breeding in Alaska, USA, to determine the exposure of this population to Pasteurella multocida and the potential role of these birds as disease carriers. We tested sera from nearly 600 adult geese for antibodies to P. multocida serotype 1. We found a low prevalence (<5%) of positive antibodies in adult geese, and based on the short duration of detectable antibodies, these findings indicate recent infection with P. multocida. Prevalence was similar to serologic results from both breeding and wintering lesser snow geese. We also collected oral (n=1,035), nasal (n=102), and cloacal (n=90) swab samples to determine the presence of avian cholera carriers in this population. We were unable to isolate P. multocida serotype 1 from any of the birds sampled. Based on comparison with other waterfowl species, we concluded that these geese may be exposed to avian cholera during the winter or spring migration but are unlikely to play a significant role as carriers of the bacterium causing avian cholera.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-41.3.498","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M.D., Shadduck, D.J., and Goldberg, D., 2005, Avian cholera exposure and carriers in greater white-fronted geese breeding in Alaska, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 41, no. 3, p. 498-502, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-41.3.498.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"502","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-41.3.498","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.19224131361062,\n 62.90197633683033\n ],\n [\n -151.53830165284214,\n 66.51190673153616\n ],\n [\n -149.36594521132977,\n 71.13284234752405\n ],\n [\n -158.52432947919203,\n 71.269475574626\n ],\n [\n -165.39531246583613,\n 68.71396062320596\n ],\n [\n -163.35066814154456,\n 66.78969938690997\n ],\n [\n -158.9450770391886,\n 65.88321232859289\n ],\n [\n -160.04896014587803,\n 63.205979182253714\n ],\n [\n -158.19224131361062,\n 62.90197633683033\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shadduck, Daniel J.","contributorId":77499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shadduck","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":313793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2001971,"text":"2001971 - 2005 - Distribution of pelagic forage fishes in relation to the oceanography of Glacier Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:52:28","indexId":"2001971","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Distribution of pelagic forage fishes in relation to the oceanography of Glacier Bay","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth Glacier Bay Science Symposium. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5047, 246 p, 2004","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Romano, M.D., and Douglas, D., 2005, Distribution of pelagic forage fishes in relation to the oceanography of Glacier Bay, chap. of Proceedings of the Fourth Glacier Bay Science Symposium. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5047, 246 p, 2004, p. 102-106.","startPage":"102","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6408f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romano, Marc D.","contributorId":73528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":325915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184511,"text":"70184511 - 2005 - Habitat selection models for Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T10:44:24","indexId":"70184511","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat selection models for Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"We modeled habitat selection by Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) by examining their distribution in relation to water depth, distance to shore, bottom slope, bottom type, distance from sand bottom, and shoreline type. Through both logistic regression and classification tree models, we compared the characteristics of 29 known sand lance locations to 58 randomly selected sites. The best models indicated a strong selection of shallow water by sand lance, with weaker association between sand lance distribution and beach shorelines, sand bottoms, distance to shore, bottom slope, and distance to the nearest sand bottom. We applied an information-theoretic approach to the interpretation of the logistic regression analysis and determined importance values of 0.99, 0.54, 0.52, 0.44, 0.39, and 0.25 for depth, beach shorelines, sand bottom, distance to shore, gradual bottom slope, and distance to the nearest sand bottom, respectively. The classification tree model indicated that sand lance selected shallow-water habitats and remained near sand bottoms when located in habitats with depths between 40 and 60 m. All sand lance locations were at depths <60 m and 93% occurred at depths <40 m. Probable reasons for the modeled relationships between the distribution of sand lance and the independent variables are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733(2005)086[0131:SMFPSL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ostrand, W.D., Gotthardt, T.A., Howlin, S., and Robards, M.D., 2005, Habitat selection models for Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 86, no. 3, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733(2005)086[0131:SMFPSL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733(2005)086[0131:smfpsl]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.96136474609375,\n 60.60854176060904\n ],\n [\n -146.1236572265625,\n 60.60854176060904\n ],\n [\n -146.1236572265625,\n 61.062272494474065\n ],\n [\n -146.96136474609375,\n 61.062272494474065\n ],\n [\n -146.96136474609375,\n 60.60854176060904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.73590087890625,\n 60.350054386738655\n ],\n [\n -147.27996826171872,\n 60.350054386738655\n ],\n [\n -147.27996826171872,\n 60.75781781899902\n ],\n [\n -147.73590087890625,\n 60.75781781899902\n ],\n [\n -147.73590087890625,\n 60.350054386738655\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.3154296875,\n 59.95501026206206\n ],\n [\n -147.75238037109375,\n 59.95501026206206\n ],\n [\n -147.75238037109375,\n 60.43689744859958\n ],\n [\n -148.3154296875,\n 60.43689744859958\n ],\n [\n -148.3154296875,\n 59.95501026206206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.40219116210938,\n 60.099772209827414\n ],\n [\n -147.08633422851562,\n 60.326267888101896\n ],\n [\n -147.3115539550781,\n 60.333745513303114\n ],\n [\n -147.31979370117188,\n 60.25548563747354\n ],\n [\n -147.47360229492188,\n 60.16132623812907\n ],\n [\n -147.40219116210938,\n 60.099772209827414\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93ee4b0f37a93ee9b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostrand, William D.","contributorId":90898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostrand","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":609,"text":"Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":681802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotthardt, Tracey A.","contributorId":187854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gotthardt","given":"Tracey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howlin, Shay","contributorId":75497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howlin","given":"Shay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70176098,"text":"70176098 - 2005 - Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T15:56:50.880381","indexId":"70176098","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits","docAbstract":"Populations of the Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica; Scolopacidae) embark on some of the longest migrations known among birds. The baueri race breeds in western Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season a hemisphere away in New Zealand and eastern Australia; the menzbieri race breeds in Siberia and migrates to western and northern Australia. Although the Siberian birds are known to follow the coast of Asia during both migrations, the southern pathway followed by the Alaska breeders has remained unknown. Two questions have particular ecological importance: (1) do Alaska godwits migrate directly across the Pacific, a distance of 11 000 km? and (2) are they capable of doing this in a single flight without stopping to rest or refuel? We explored six lines of evidence to answer these questions. The distribution of resightings of marked birds of the baueri and menzbieri races was significantly different between northward and southward flights with virtually no marked baueri resighted along the Asian mainland during southward migration. The timing of southward migration of the two races further indicates the absence of a coastal Asia route by baueri with peak passage of godwits in general occurring there a month prior to the departure of most birds from Alaska. The use of a direct route across the Pacific is also supported by significantly more records of godwits reported from within a direct migration corridor than elsewhere in Oceania, and during the September to November period than at other times of the year. The annual but rare occurrence of Hudsonian Godwits (L. haemastica) in New Zealand and the absence of their records along the Asian mainland also support a direct flight and are best explained by Hudsonian Godwits accompanying Bar-tailed Godwits from known communal staging areas in Alaska. Flight simulation models, extreme fat loads, and the apparent evolution of a wind-selected migration from Alaska further support a direct, nonstop flight.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1093/condor/107.1.1","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Piersma, T., Hufford, G., Servranckx, R., and Riegen, A.C., 2005, Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits: The Condor, v. 107, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":327862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, New Zealand, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.15625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 71.41317683396566\n ],\n [\n -170.15625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.1640625,\n -40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n 156.09375,\n -40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n 156.09375,\n -11.5230875068685\n ],\n [\n 138.1640625,\n -11.5230875068685\n ],\n [\n 138.1640625,\n -40.713955826286046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 170.859375,\n -47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -37.99616267972812\n ],\n [\n 175.4296875,\n -34.016241889667015\n ],\n [\n 162.7734375,\n -45.33670190996811\n ],\n [\n 170.859375,\n -47.98992166741417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016b0e4b0f2f0ceb87303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":45863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hufford, Gary","contributorId":106408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hufford","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Servranckx, R.","contributorId":42067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Servranckx","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35202,"text":"Canadian Meteorological Centre, Québec, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riegen, Adrian C.","contributorId":127817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riegen","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184636,"text":"70184636 - 2005 - Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:49:07","indexId":"70184636","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska","docAbstract":"The dominant landscape process on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska is the formation and drainage of thaw lakes. Lakes and drained thaw-lake basins account for approximately 75% of the modern surface expression of the Barrow Peninsula. The thaw-lake cycle usually obliterates lacustrine or peat sediments from previous cycles, which could otherwise be used for paleoecological reconstruction of long-term landscape and vegetation changes. Several possible erosional remnants of a former topographic surface that predates the formation of the thaw lakes have been tentatively identified. These remnants are characterized by a higher elevation, a thick organic layer with very high ground ice content in the upper permafrost and a plant community somewhat atypical of the region. Ten soil cores were collected from one site, and one core was intensively sampled for soil organic carbon content, pollen analysis and 14C dating. The lowest level of the organic sediments represents the earliest phase of plant growth and dates to ca. 9000 cal BP. Palynological evidence indicates the presence of mesic shrub tundra (including sedge, birch, willow and heath vegetation), and microfossil indicators point to wetter eutrophic conditions during this period. Carbon accumulation was rapid due to high net primary productivity in a relatively nutrient-rich environment. These results are interpreted as the local response to ameliorating climate during the early Holocene. The middle Holocene portion of the record contains an unconformity, indicating that between 8200 and 4200 cal BP sediments were eroded from the site, presumably in response to wind activity during a drier period centered around 4500 cal BP. The modern vegetation community of the erosional remnant was established after 4200 cal BP and peat growth resumed. During the late Holocene, carbon accumulation rates (CARs) were greatly reduced in response to the combined effects of declining productivity associated with climatic cooling, and increased nutrient stress as paludification and permafrost aggradation sequestered mineral nutrients.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.025","usgsCitation":"Eisner, W.R., Bockheim, J.G., Hinkel, K., Brown, T., Nelson, F.E., Peterson, K.M., and Jones, B.M., 2005, Paleoenvironmental analyses of an organic deposit from an erosional landscape remnant, Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 217, no. 3-4, p. 187-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.025.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/15015873","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain","volume":"217","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c93ee4b0f37a93ee9b11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisner, Wendy R.","contributorId":35497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bockheim, James G.","contributorId":41948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bockheim","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":64170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Thomas A.","contributorId":52817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Frederick E.","contributorId":107919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Kim M.","contributorId":58806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70185513,"text":"70185513 - 2005 - Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:25:02","indexId":"70185513","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5330,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"AMNWR 04/01","title":"Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000","docAbstract":"Surveys for seabirds and marine mammals were conducted in and near Sitka Sound, Alaska (Fig. 1) from the M/V Tiĝlax̂ during 12-16 July 2000 (Table 1, Fig. 1). The objective was to characterize the marine environment in the vicinity of St. Lazaria Island, one of ten seabird colonies monitored annually by the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (See Dragoo et al. 2003). In addition to censusing seabirds and mammals encountered on line transects, local oceanography was characterized by measuring water temperature and salinity continuously at the sea surface, and by taking profiles of the water column on a series of CTD transects. The relative abundance of zooplankton and fish biomass was measured using a dual -frequency echosounder. Significant acoustic targets were sampled with a m id-water trawl net. Long-lines were se t twice to catch and characterize diets of large demersal fish species.
Rosenthal et al. (1981 and 1982) studied the bottomfish component of the nearshore habitats in southeastern Alaska including the Sitka Sound area during the summers of 1980 and 1981, allowing comparisons of our findings to those from the earlier works. There are no previous surveys for seabirds or marine mammals in this area with which we can compare our surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Homer, AK","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Dragoo, D.E., 2005, Seabird, fish, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) in Sitka Sound, Alaska, July 2000: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report AMNWR 04/01, vi, 50 p.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sitka Sound, St. Lazaria Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.505126953125,\n 56.71053615360101\n ],\n [\n -135.06591796875,\n 56.71053615360101\n ],\n [\n -135.06591796875,\n 57.33541661439608\n ],\n [\n -136.505126953125,\n 57.33541661439608\n ],\n [\n -136.505126953125,\n 56.71053615360101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df04e4b05ec79911d1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dragoo, Donald E.","contributorId":36782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dragoo","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176076,"text":"70176076 - 2005 - Population status of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:19:19","indexId":"70176076","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Population status of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"The Kittlitz's murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a rare seabird that nests in alpine terrain and generally forages near tidewater glaciers during the breeding season. An estimated 95% of the global population breeds in Alaska, with some unknown proportion breeding in the Russian Far East. A global population estimate using bestavailable data in the early 1990s was 20,000 individuals. However, recent survey data from two core areas (Prince William Sound and Glacier Bay) suggest that populations have declined by 75-90% during the past 10-20 years. In response to these declines, a coalition of environmental groups petitioned the USFWS in May 2001 to list the Kittlitz’s murrelet under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and in 2004 Kittlitz’s Murrelet was declared a candidate species under the ESA. In 2005, BirdLife International classified the species as “critically endangered”. In 2002, we began a three-year project to examine population status and trend of Kittlitz’s Murrelets in areas where distribution and abundance were poorly known. Results from the 2002 field season, focused on the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, suggested that the local population of Kittlitz’s Murrelets has declined by ca. 74% since 1986, with a current population of ca. 500 individuals. Here we present results from the 2003 field season when we surveyed Kittlitz’s Murrelets along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula. This is a large region that encompasses a substantial portion of the known range of the Kittlitz’s Murrelet, yet has never been surveyed rigorously for murrelets or any other non-colonial marine birds. During four weeks of surveys, we established a set of nearshore and offshore transects (over 825 linear kilometers in total) with a stratified sample design, combining random and systematically selected transects. From a total of 123 individuals seen on transects, we estimate a total population of 2265 (95% CI 1165-4405) Kittlitz’s Murrelets along the south coast of the Alaska Peninsula. For comparison, we estimate the population size of the congeneric Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus). We discuss broad-scale murrelet habitat relationships and species comparisons, and present recommendations for management and future work. Other species of marine birds and mammals were also surveyed; summarized information is included as an appendix.
","language":"English","publisher":"USGS Biological Science Office","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/70176076","usgsCitation":"van Pelt, T.I., and Piatt, J.F., 2005, Population status of Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris along the southern coast of the Alaska Peninsula, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70176076.","productDescription":"63 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b0e7e4b0f2f0cebe6500","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188418,"text":"70188418 - 2005 - InSAR studies of Alaska volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T16:15:47.832528","indexId":"70188418","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5418,"text":"Korean Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR studies of Alaska volcanoes","docAbstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique capable of measuring ground surface deformation with sub-centimeter precision and spatial resolution in tens-ofmeters over a large region. This paper describes basics of InSAR and highlights our studies of Alaskan volcanoes with InSAR images acquired from European ERS-l and ERS-2, Canadian Radarsat-l, and Japanese JERS-l satellites.
","language":"English","publisher":"KoreaScience","doi":"10.7780/kjrs.2005.21.1.59","usgsCitation":"Lu, Z., Wicks, C., Dzurisin, D., and Power, J.A., 2005, InSAR studies of Alaska volcanoes: Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 21, no. 1, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.7780/kjrs.2005.21.1.59.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.6064453125,\n 50.42951794712287\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 50.42951794712287\n ],\n [\n -151.083984375,\n 60.37042901631508\n ],\n [\n -171.6064453125,\n 60.37042901631508\n ],\n [\n -171.6064453125,\n 50.42951794712287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -171.9140625,\n 49.97948776108648\n ],\n [\n -171.9140625,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 53.330872983017066\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 49.97948776108648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 172.08984375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 50.51342652633956\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 54.34214886448341\n ],\n [\n 172.08984375,\n 54.34214886448341\n ],\n [\n 172.08984375,\n 50.51342652633956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593ad6fce4b0764e6c60216d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wicks, Chuck 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":243515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Chuck","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":697661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185405,"text":"70185405 - 2005 - Brown bear habituation to people - Safety, risks, and benefits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T08:10:24","indexId":"70185405","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brown bear habituation to people - Safety, risks, and benefits","docAbstract":"Recently, brown bear (Ursus arctos) viewing has increased in coastal Alaska and British Columbia, as well as in interior areas such as Yellowstone National Park. Viewing is most often being done under conditions that offer acceptable safety to both people and bears. We analyze and comment on the underlying processes that lead brown bears to tolerate people at close range. Although habituation is an important process influencing the distance at which bears tolerate people, other variables also modify levels of bear-to-human tolerance. Because bears may react internally with energetic costs before showing an overt reaction to humans, we propose a new term, the Overt Reaction Distance, to emphasize that what we observe is the external reaction of a bear. In this paper we conceptually analyze bear viewing in terms of benefits and risks to people and bears. We conclude that managers and policy-makers must develop site-specific plans that identify the extent to which bear-to-human habituation and tolerance will be permitted. The proposed management needs scientific underpinning. It is our belief that bear viewing, where appropriate, may promote conservation of bear populations, habitats, and ecosystems as it instills respect and concern in those who participate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Herrero, S., Smith, T., DeBruyn, T.D., Gunther, K., and Matt, C.A., 2005, Brown bear habituation to people - Safety, risks, and benefits: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 33, no. 1, p. 362-373, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[362:FTFBBH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"373","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b91e4b0236b68f828f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrero, Stephen","contributorId":39269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Tom","contributorId":7387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBruyn, Terry D.","contributorId":173960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyn","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry","contributorId":17929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matt, Colleen A.","contributorId":189634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matt","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180867,"text":"70180867 - 2005 - Association of ice and river channel morphology determined using ground-penetrationg radar in the Kuparuk River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-07T15:28:23.590715","indexId":"70180867","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of ice and river channel morphology determined using ground-penetrationg radar in the Kuparuk River, Alaska","docAbstract":"We collected ground-penetrating radar data at 10 sites along the Kuparuk River and its main tributary, the Toolik River, to detect unfrozen water beneath river ice. We used 250 MHz and 500 MHz antennas to image both the ice-water interface and the river channel in late April 2001, when daily high temperatures were consistently freezing and river ice had attained its maximum seasonal thickness. The presence of water below the river ice appears as a strong, horizontal reflection observed in the radar data and is confirmed by drill hole data. A downstream transition occurs from ice that is frozen to the bed, called bedfast ice, to ice that is floating on unfrozen water, called floating ice. This transition in ice type corresponds to a downstream change in channel size that was detected in previously conducted hydraulic geometry surveys of the Kuparuk River. We propose a conceptual model wherein the downstream transition from bedfast ice to floating ice is responsible for an observed step change in channel size due to enhanced bank erosion in large channels by floating ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0157:AOIARC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Best, H., McNamara, J.P., and Liberty, L.M., 2005, Association of ice and river channel morphology determined using ground-penetrationg radar in the Kuparuk River, Alaska: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 37, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0157:AOIARC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"162","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0157:aoiarc]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":334798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuparuk River, Toolik River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.194091796875,\n 68.46379955520322\n ],\n [\n -150.194091796875,\n 70.67088107015755\n ],\n [\n -147.7001953125,\n 70.67088107015755\n ],\n [\n -147.7001953125,\n 68.46379955520322\n ],\n [\n -150.194091796875,\n 68.46379955520322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","edition":"157","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847a6e4b0efcedb7072d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, Heather","contributorId":179100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Best","given":"Heather","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNamara, J. P.","contributorId":105551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNamara","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liberty, Lee M.","contributorId":89631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179564,"text":"70179564 - 2005 - Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska - Yukon border","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T14:01:49","indexId":"70179564","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska - Yukon border","docAbstract":"This is a comprehensive inventory of the fish species recorded in marine and estuarine waters between the Alaska–Yukon Territory border in the Beaufort Sea and Cabo San Lucas at the southern end of Baja California and out about 300 miles from shore. Our westernmost range includes the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. In addition, we have also included our best impressions of the species that might reasonably be expected to be members of the West Coast ichthyofauna but have not yet been captured or reported within our study area. These species are marked with an asterisk (*) and have been reported (1) in the western Bering Sea; (2) off Canada’s Yukon Territory and adjacent portions of the Northwest Territories; (3) along the southern-eastern tip (non-Pacific side) of Baja California; and (4) in waters somewhat beyond 300 miles from shore. Although the term West Coast usually refers to the coast of the continuous western states, our usage herein means the entire study area. The West Coast inventory within this range encompasses fish fauna from 44 orders, 232 families, and a minimum of 1,450 species.
Please note that introduced and invasive fish species are marked by double asterisks (**) and that their scientific names are highlighted in gray.
We have compiled this document because the most geographically inclusive previous inventories (Jordan and Evermann 1896a, Jordan et al. 1930) are largely of historical interest and are out of date. More recent lists and compilations have either focused on relatively narrow taxonomic groups (e. g., Kramer et al. 1995, Love et al. 2002), are regional in scope (e. g., Hart 1973, Hubbs et al. 1979, Mecklenburg et al. 2002), or focus on commonly observed species (e. g., Miller and Lea 1972, Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). With the explosion of coastal research and environmental assessments, beginning in the 1970s, and more recently, renewed scientific interest in biodiversity (e.g., effects of global climate change), our own studies on related subjects regarding fish populations, assemblages, and biological habitats, suggested this was the appropriate time to update and summarize our knowledge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70179564","usgsCitation":"Love, M., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., and Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005, Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska - Yukon border, ix., 276 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/70179564.","productDescription":"ix., 276 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"586e1863e4b0f5ce109fcb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Milton S.","contributorId":74652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Milton S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mecklenburg, Catherine W.","contributorId":178002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mecklenburg","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mecklenburg, T. Anthony","contributorId":178003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mecklenburg","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186649,"text":"70186649 - 2005 - Capture-recapture methods in practice","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186649,"text":"70186649 - 2005 - Capture-recapture methods in practice","indexId":"70186649","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"10","title":"Capture-recapture methods in practice"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:17:00","indexId":"70186649","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"10","title":"Capture-recapture methods in practice","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University Press","publisherLocation":"Princeton, NJ","isbn":"9781400837717","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., Amstrup, S.C., and McDonald, T.L., 2005, Capture-recapture methods in practice, chap. 10 of Handbook of capture-recapture analysis, p. 266-275.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.princeton.edu/titles/8109.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e75402e4b09da6799c0c6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690153,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690154,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690155,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":690152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160109,"text":"70160109 - 2004 - USA: Glacier National Park, Biosphere Reserve and GLORIA Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-10T18:03:29","indexId":"70160109","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"chapter":"12","title":"USA: Glacier National Park, Biosphere Reserve and GLORIA Site","docAbstract":"The National Park Service of the United States has 388 designated protected areas and parks that include historic and cultural sites as well as ‘natural resource’ parks set aside for their unique and outstanding natural features. Early efforts to create parks were focused on areas of beauty or unusual features but later efforts increasingly aimed to protect biodiversity and intact ecosystems. Protected areas in the National Park Service are found in nearly all the fifty states from Florida to Alaska, with examples of preserved natural environments ranging from coral reefs to the icy summit of Mt. McKinley in Alaska, at 6,187 m. Many of the larger parks have been designated as Biosphere Reserves under the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Man and the Biosphere Programme.
\nThe area now managed as Glacier National Park was first set aside as a Forest Reserve in 1897 and then designated as a national park in 1910, six years before a national park service was created to oversee the growing number of parks that the US Congress was establishing. Waterton National Park was created by Canada immediately north of the US–Canada border during the same period. In 1932, a joint lobbying effort by private citizens and groups convinced both the United States and Canada to establish the world’s first trans-boundary park to explicitly underscore and symbolize the neighbourly relationship between these two countries. This became the world’s first ‘peace’ park and was named Waterton–Glacier International Peace Park. The combined park is managed collaboratively on many issues but each national park is separately funded and operates under different national statutes and laws. It was, however, jointly named a Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and a World Heritage Site in 1995. There have been recent efforts to significantly increase the size of Waterton National Park by adding publicly owned forests on the western side of the continental divide in British Columbia, Canada. For the purposes of this chapter, I will emphasize the US portion of the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park and refer to it as the Glacier Mountain Biosphere Reserve (MBR).
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global change research in mountain biosphere reserves","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Launching Workshop Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve","conferenceDate":"November 10-13, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Switzerland","language":"English","publisher":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)","publisherLocation":"Paris, France","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., 2004, USA: Glacier National Park, Biosphere Reserve and GLORIA Site, in Global change research in mountain biosphere reserves, Switzerland, November 10-13, 2003, p. 99-108.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 48.111099041065366\n ],\n [\n -113.0987548828125,\n 48.111099041065366\n ],\n [\n -113.0987548828125,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -114.76318359375,\n 48.111099041065366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566c01f6e4b09cfe53ca5b0c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lee, Cathy","contributorId":150507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Cathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581926,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaaf, Thomas","contributorId":150508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaaf","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581927,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmonds, Paul","contributorId":150509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmonds","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581928,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045846,"text":"70045846 - 2004 - Mineral resource of the month: lead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T12:38:04","indexId":"70045846","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: lead","docAbstract":"The United States is a major producer and consumer of refined lead, representing almost one quarter of total world production and consumption. Two mines in Alaska and six in Missouri accounted for 97 percent of domestic lead production in 2002. The United States also imports enough refined lead to satisfy almost 20 percent of domestic consumption. Other major producers or consumers of refined lead in the world are Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.R., 2004, Mineral resource of the month: lead: Geotimes, v. 2004, no. January, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271983,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/jan04/resources.html#mineral"}],"volume":"2004","issue":"January","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2271e4b061e1bd533415","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gerald R.","contributorId":36496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70663,"text":"ofr20041428 - 2004 - Chloroethene biodegradation potential, ADOT/PF Peger Road Maintenance Facility, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-24T18:06:13.544641","indexId":"ofr20041428","displayToPublicDate":"2005-06-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1428","displayTitle":"Chloroethene Biodegradation Potential, ADOT/PF Peger Road Maintenance Facility, Fairbanks, Alaska","title":"Chloroethene biodegradation potential, ADOT/PF Peger Road Maintenance Facility, Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"A series of 14C-radiotracer-based microcosm experiments were conducted to assess: 1) the extent, rate and products of microbial dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) in sediments at the Peger Road site; 2) the effect of three electron donor amendments (molasses, shrimp and crab chitin, and 'Hydrogen Release Compound' (HRC)) on microbial degradation of TCE in three Peger Road sediments; and 3) the potential significance at the site of chloroethene biodegradation processes other than reductive dechlorination.\r\n\r\nIn these experiments, TCE biodegradation yielded the reduced products, DCE and VC, and the oxidation product CO 2. Biodegradation of DCE and VC involved stoichiometric oxidation to CO 2. Both laboratory microcosm study and field redox assessment results indicated that the predominant terminal electron accepting process in Peger Road plume sediments under anoxic conditions was Mn/Fe-reduction. The rates of chloroethene biodegradation observed in Peger Road sediment microcosms under low temperature conditions (4?C) were within the range of those observed in sediments from temperate (20?C) aquifer systems. This result confirmed that biodegradation can be a significant mechanism for in situ contaminant remediation even in cold temperature aquifers. The fact that CO2 was the sole product of cis-DCE and VC biodegradation detected in Peger Road sediments indicated that a natural attenuation assessment based on reduced daughter product accumulation may significantly underestimate the potential for DCE and VC biodegradation at the Peger Road.\r\n\r\nNeither HRC nor molasses addition stimulated TCE reductive dechlorination. The fact that molasses and HRC amendment did stimulate Mn/Fe-reduction suggests that addition of these electron donors favored microbial Mn/Fe-reduction to the detriment of microbial TCE dechlorinating activity. In contrast, amendment of sediment microcosms with shrimp and crab chitin resulted in the establishment of mixed Mn/Fe-reducing, SO42--reducing and methanogenic conditions and enhanced TCE biodegradation in two of three Peger Road sediment treatments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20041428","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 2004, Chloroethene biodegradation potential, ADOT/PF Peger Road Maintenance Facility, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1428, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041428.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1428/OFR2004-1428.pdf","text":"Report","size":"453 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1428/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":185745,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1428/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.0185546875,\n 64.45384948864441\n ],\n [\n -146.7333984375,\n 64.45384948864441\n ],\n [\n -146.7333984375,\n 65.164578884019\n ],\n [\n -149.0185546875,\n 65.164578884019\n ],\n [\n -149.0185546875,\n 64.45384948864441\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Frances H.","contributorId":19234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Frances","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}