The White River and Lake Tapps are part of a hydropower system completed in 1911–12. The system begins with a diversion dam on the White River that routes a portion of White River water into the southeastern end of Lake Tapps, which functioned as a storage reservoir for power generation. The stored water passed through the hydroelectric facilities at the northwestern end of the lake and returned to the White River through the powerhouse tailrace. Power generation ceased in January 2004, which altered the hydrology of the system by reducing volumes of water diverted out of the river, stored, and released through the powerhouse. This study conducted from May to December 2010 created a set of baseline data collected under a new flow regime for selected reaches of the White River, the White River Canal (Inflow), Lake Tapps Diversion (Tailrace) at the powerhouse, and Lake Tapps.
\nThree sites, one on the White River at Headworks, one on the White River at R Street, and one on the Tailrace, were equipped for continuous recording of water-quality data, and three sites (Headworks, White River Canal Inflow, and Tailrace) were sampled for discrete water-quality data. Nine lake sites were measured for physical and water-quality properties and samples were collected for analyses of nutrients, suspended solids, and fecal-coliform bacteria concentrations. Samples from the lake also were analyzed for concentrations of chlorophyll a and organic chemicals.
\nDiscrete samples indicated that water from the White River, White River Canal Inflow, and Tailrace sites generally was turbid, warm, chemically dilute, and well-oxygenated. Exceptions occurred at the sites when flow to the White River Canal was suspended or when little or no flow was released from the lake into the Tailrace. The quality of physical properties and concentrations in water measured continuously at the three sites generally was good and met the freshwater criteria designated by Washington State Department of Ecology for recreational and aquatic-life uses, with several exceptions. The 7-day average of daily maximum temperatures (7–DADMax) was greater than the freshwater aquatic life criterion of 16 degrees Celsius (°C) for core summer salmonid habitat on 6 days at the Headworks site and 37 days at the R-Street site during the study. The 7-DADMax temperatures were greater than the 13°C criterion for spawning, rearing, and incubation on 6 days at the Headworks site and 20 days at the R-Street site. The freshwater aquatic life criterion for dissolved oxygen of 9.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) for core summer salmonid habitat was not met at the Headworks and R-Street sites for periods during July and August 2010. Exceptions also occurred at the Headworks site for measurements of pH, which were greater than the aquatic life upper limit of 8.5 pH units during July 2010. Aquatic life pH criteria were not met at the Tailrace site during June, July, and August 2010, when pH was greater than 8.5 pH units, and during August 2010 when pH decreased to less than 6.5 pH units.
\nLake Tapps water near the surface was relatively clear, warm, and well oxygenated. The clearest water of the nine lake sites was at the Deep site with a median Secchi disk transparency measurement of 6.05 m (meters), which represents a two- to six-fold increase over historical measurements of transparency at this location. Median water temperatures were 18.2–18.9°C and maximums were from 22.9–25.0°C. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations were greater than 8.42 mg/L and minimums generally were not lower than 7.4 mg/L.
\nBy early July 2010, weak thermal stratification developed at most lake sites into at least a warm surface layer overlying a small thermocline. A well-defined hypolimnion developed below the thermocline only at the Deep site. With the development of thermal stratification, hypolimnion water became anoxic at several sites (Deep, Tapps Island, Snag Island, and Lake Outlet). By late September 2010, an anoxic layer about 15 m thick had formed in the hypolimnion of the Deep site. Mixing during autumn overturn in late November re-oxygenated the water column of all the sites with about 10–12 mg/L of dissolved oxygen.
\nOn the basis of pH and specific conductance measurements, Lake Tapps water is pH neutral and chemically dilute. Median pH values for water in the epilimnion and the hypolimnion ranged from 6.84 to 7.64 pH units and maximums did not exceed 7.8 pH units at any site. Median specific conductance was typically less than 70 microsiemens per centimeter at 25°C for the epilimnion and the hypolimnion.
\nConcentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a in Lake Tapps were low. At most of the sites and in most of the samples from the epilimnion, total phosphorus concentrations were less than the Washington State Department of Ecology phosphorus criterion of 0.01 mg/L for maintaining oligotrophic conditions. Median concentrations of total nitrogen (unfiltered water) ranged from about 0.14 mg/L (Deep, Tapps Island, and Dike 2B sites) to about 0.18 mg/L (Allan Yorke and Lake Inlet sites). Chlorophyll a concentrations were low with median concentrations of 2.16 micrograms per liter (mg/L) or less. The majority of chlorophyll a concentrations were well below the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality action level of 10 mg/L.
\nUsing the Carlson Trophic-Status Index and average measures of transparency, chlorophyll a, and total phosphorus data from this study, Lake Tapps generally fits within the oligotrophic classification, but with a few exceptions. At Allan Yorke, Lake Inlet, and Southeast Arm sites, the chlorophyll a and total phosphorus indexes of nearly 40 approach the upper limit of oligotrophic conditions. In addition, average concentrations of total phosphorus at Lake Inlet and Southeast Arm are at Nürnberg's (1996) threshold concentration of 0.01 mg/L, which suggests a slight tendency towards mesotrophic conditions at these two sites during summer July–September.
\nOn the basis of epilimnetic nitrogen to phosphorus concentration ratios of greater than 17, Lake Tapps primary production is phosphorus limited at all but two study sites. At the Lake Inlet and Southeast Arm sites, ratios of 15 and 16, respectively, for the summer period suggest either nitrogen or phosphorus (or both) may limit algal growth.
\nWater samples collected at the Allan Yorke, Snag Island, and Lake Outlet study sites were screened for the presence of more than 250 organic chemicals. A total of 14 compounds were detected in trace amounts (or determined to be present) at one or more of the 3 sites. The Allan Yorke site had 9 detections, the Snag Island site had 10 detections, and the Lake Outlet site had 5 detections of compounds mostly belonging to the group of wastewater indicator chemicals. Compounds detected (or with verified presence) at all three sites included the herbicide 2,4-D, the insecticide and mosquito repellant DEET, the herbicide fluridone used for Eurasian watermilfoil eradication, and the herbicide prometon. The largest concentrations of these compounds were in samples from the Allan Yorke site; the lowest concentrations were from the Lake Outlet site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125022","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Cascade Water Alliance","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., Wagner, R.J., Huffman, R., Vanderpool-Kimura, A., and Foreman, J., 2012, Quality of water in the White River and Lake Tapps, Pierce County, Washington, May-December 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5022, viii, 60 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125022.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.; Appendices","numberOfPages":"118","temporalStart":"2010-05-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5022.jpg"},{"id":204802,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Pierce","otherGeospatial":"White River;Lake Tapps","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a916de4b0c8380cd80281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, R.L.","contributorId":44956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vanderpool-Kimura, A. M.","contributorId":95197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderpool-Kimura","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foreman, J.R.","contributorId":15344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70009618,"text":"sir20125002 - 2012 - Evaluation of long-term water-level declines in basalt aquifers near Mosier, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:23:22.162624","indexId":"sir20125002","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5002","title":"Evaluation of long-term water-level declines in basalt aquifers near Mosier, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Mosier area lies along the Columbia River in northwestern Wasco County between the cities of Hood River and The Dalles, Oregon. Major water uses in the area are irrigation, municipal supply for the city of Mosier, and domestic supply for rural residents. The primary source of water is groundwater from the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) aquifers that underlie the area. Concerns regarding this supply of water arose in the mid-1970s, when groundwater levels in the orchard tract area began to steadily decline. In the 1980s, the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) conducted a study of the aquifer system, which resulted in delineation of an administrative area where parts of the Pomona and Priest Rapids aquifers were withdrawn from further appropriations for any use other than domestic supply. Despite this action, water levels continued to drop at approximately the same, nearly constant annual rate of about 4 feet per year, resulting in a current total decline of between 150 and 200 feet in many wells with continued downward trends. In 2005, the Mosier Watershed Council and the Wasco Soil and Water Conservation District began a cooperative investigation of the groundwater system with the U.S. Geological Survey. The objectives of the study were to advance the scientific understanding of the hydrology of the basin, to assess the sustainability of the water supply, to evaluate the causes of persistent groundwater-level declines, and to evaluate potential management strategies. An additional U.S. Geological Survey objective was to advance the understanding of CRBG aquifers, which are the primary source of water across a large part of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. In many areas, significant groundwater level declines have resulted as these aquifers were heavily developed for agricultural, municipal, and domestic water supplies. Three major factors were identified as possible contributors to the water-level declines in the study area: (1) pumping at rates that are not sustainable, (2) well construction practices that have resulted in leakage from aquifers into springs and streams, and (3) reduction in aquifer recharge resulting from long-term climate variations. Historical well construction practices, specifically open, unlined, uncased boreholes that result in cross-connecting (or commingling) multiple aquifers, allow water to flow between these aquifers. Water flowing along the path of least resistance, through commingled boreholes, allows the drainage of aquifers that previously stored water more efficiently. The study area is in the eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in north central Oregon in a transitional zone between the High Cascades to the west and the Columbia Plateau to the east. The 78-square mile (mi2) area is defined by the drainages of three streams - Mosier Creek (51.8 mi2), Rock Creek (13.9 mi2), and Rowena Creek (6.9 mi2) - plus a small area that drains directly to the Columbia River.The three major components of the study are: (1) a 2-year intensive data collection period to augment previous streamflow and groundwater-level measurements, (2) precipitation-runoff modeling of the watersheds to determine the amount of recharge to the aquifer system, and (3) groundwater-flow modeling and analysis to evaluate the cause of groundwater-level declines and to evaluate possible water resource management strategies. Data collection included the following: 1. Water-level measurements were made in 37 wells. Bi-monthly or quarterly measurements were made in 30 wells, and continuous water-level monitoring instruments were installed in 7 wells. The measurements principally were made to capture the seasonal patterns in the groundwater system, and to augment the available long-term record. 2. Groundwater pumping was measured, reported, or estimated from irrigation, municipal and domestic wells. Flowmeters were installed on 74 percent of all high-capacity irrigation wells in the study area. 3. Borehole geophysical data were collected from a known commingling well. These data measured geologic properties and vertical flow through the well. 4. Streamflow measurements were made in Rock, Rowena, and Mosier Creeks. A long-term recording stream-gaging station was reestablished on Mosier Creek to provide a continuous record of streamflow. Streamflow measurements also were made along the creeks periodically to evaluate seasonal patterns of exchange between streams and the groundwater system. Major findings from the study include: 1. Annual average precipitation ranges from 20 to 54 inches across the study area with an average value of about 30 inches. Based on rainfall-runoff modeling, about one-third of this water infiltrates into the aquifer system. 2. Currently, about 3 percent of the water infiltrated into the groundwater system is extracted for municipal, agricultural, and rural residential use. The remainder of the water flows through the aquifer system, discharging into local streams and the Columbia River. About 80 percent of recent pumping supports crop production. The city of Mosier public supply wells account for about 10 percent of total pumping, with the remaining 10 percent being pumped from the private wells of rural residents. 3. Groundwater-flow simulation results indicate that leakage through commingling wells is a significant and likely the dominant cause of water level declines. Leakage patterns can be complex, but most of the leaked water likely flows out the CRBG aquifer system through very permeable sediments into Mosier Creek and its tributary streams in the OWRD administrative area. Model-derived estimates attribute 80-90 percent of the declines to commingling, with pumping accounting for the remaining 10-20 percent. Although decadal trends in precipitation have occurred, associated changes in aquifer recharge are likely not a significant contributor to the current water level declines. 4. As many as 150 wells might be commingling. To evaluate whether or not the local combination of geology and well construction have resulted in aquifer commingling at a particular well, the well needs to be tested by measuring intraborehole flow. During geophysical testing of one known commingling well, the flow rate through the well between aquifers ranged between 70 and 135 gallons per minute (11-22 percent of total annual pumping in the study area). Historically, when aquifer water levels were 150-200 feet higher, this flow rate would have been correspondingly higher. 5. Because aquifer commingling through well boreholes is likely the dominant cause of aquifer declines, flow simulations were conducted to evaluate the benefit of repairing wells in specified locations and the benefit of recharging aquifers using diverted flow from study area creeks. As part of this analysis, maps were generated that show which areas are more vulnerable to commingling. These maps indicate that the value of repairing wells in the area generally coincident with the OWRD administrative area is higher than in areas farther upstream in the watershed. Simulation results also indicate that artificial recharge of the aquifers using diverted creek water will not significantly improve water levels in the aquifer system unless at least some commingling wells are repaired first. Repairs would entail construction of wells in a manner that prevents commingling of multiple aquifers. The value of artificially recharging the aquifers improves as more wells are repaired because the aquifer system more efficiently stores water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation District?","usgsCitation":"Burns, E., Morgan, D.S., Lee, K.K., Haynes, J.V., and Conlon, T.D., 2012, Evaluation of long-term water-level declines in basalt aquifers near Mosier, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5002, viii, 62 p.; Appendices; Downloadable GIS Data, Table A3, and Appendices A-F, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125002.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p.; Appendices; Downloadable GIS Data, Table A3, and Appendices A-F","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5002/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5002.jpg"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Mosier","otherGeospatial":"Mosier Creek, Rock Creek, Rowena Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.55,45.483333333333334 ], [ -121.55,45.75 ], [ -121.16666666666667,45.75 ], [ -121.16666666666667,45.483333333333334 ], [ -121.55,45.483333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c92e4b0c8380cd52bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":84802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick R.","affiliations":[{"id":310,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haynes, Jonathan V. 0000-0001-6530-6252 jhaynes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6530-6252","contributorId":3113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhaynes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conlon, Terrence D. 0000-0002-5899-7187 tdconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Terrence","email":"tdconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70009631,"text":"70009631 - 2012 - Ensemble forecasting of potential habitat for three invasive fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"70009631","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ensemble forecasting of potential habitat for three invasive fishes","docAbstract":"Aquatic invasive species pose major ecological and economic threats to aquatic ecosystems worldwide via displacement, predation, or hybridization with native species and the alteration of aquatic habitats and hydrologic cycles. Modeling the habitat suitability of alien aquatic species through spatially explicit mapping is an increasingly important risk assessment tool. Habitat modeling also facilitates identification of key environmental variables influencing invasive species distributions. We compared four modeling methods to predict the potential continental United States distributions of northern snakehead Channa argus (Cantor, 1842), round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814), and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) using maximum entropy (Maxent), the genetic algorithm for rule set production (GARP), DOMAIN, and support vector machines (SVM). We used inventory records from the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database and a geographic information system of 20 climatic and environmental variables to generate individual and ensemble distribution maps for each species. The ensemble maps from our study performed as well as or better than all of the individual models except Maxent. The ensemble and Maxent models produced significantly higher accuracy individual maps than GARP, one-class SVMs, or DOMAIN. The key environmental predictor variables in the individual models were consistent with the tolerances of each species. Results from this study provide insights into which locations and environmental conditions may promote the future spread of invasive fish in the US.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","publisherLocation":"Helsinki, Finland","usgsCitation":"Poulos, H.M., Chernoff, B., Fuller, P., and Butman, D., 2012, Ensemble forecasting of potential habitat for three invasive fishes: Aquatic Invasions, v. 7, no. 1, p. 59-72.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204797,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2012/AI_2012_1_Poulos_etal.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a097de4b0c8380cd51f3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulos, Helen M.","contributorId":75271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulos","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chernoff, Barry","contributorId":25701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernoff","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Butman, David","contributorId":51011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007128,"text":"70007128 - 2012 - Can elevated CO2 modify regeneration from seed banks of floating freshwater marshes subjected to rising sea-level?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-05T17:16:01","indexId":"70007128","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-01T14:40:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can elevated CO2 modify regeneration from seed banks of floating freshwater marshes subjected to rising sea-level?","docAbstract":"Higher atmospheric concentrations of CO2 can offset the negative effects of flooding or salinity on plant species, but previous studies have focused on mature, rather than regenerating vegetation. This study examined how interacting environments of CO2, water regime, and salinity affect seed germination and seedling biomass of floating freshwater marshes in the Mississippi River Delta, which are dominated by C3 grasses, sedges, and forbs. Germination density and seedling growth of the dominant species depended on multifactor interactions of CO2 (385 and 720 μl l-1) with flooding (drained, +8-cm depth, +8-cm depth-gradual) and salinity (0, 6% seawater) levels. Of the three factors tested, salinity was the most important determinant of seedling response patterns. Species richness (total = 19) was insensitive to CO2. Our findings suggest that for freshwater marsh communities, seedling response to CO2 is species-specific and secondary to salinity and flooding effects. Elevated CO2 did not ameliorate flooding or salinity stress. Consequently, climate-related changes in sea level or human-caused alterations in hydrology may override atmospheric CO2 concentrations in driving shifts in this plant community. The results of this study suggest caution in making extrapolations from species-specific responses to community-level predictions without detailed attention to the nuances of multifactor responses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherland","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0946-3","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., and McKee, K.L., 2012, Can elevated CO2 modify regeneration from seed banks of floating freshwater marshes subjected to rising sea-level?: Hydrobiologia, v. 683, no. 1, p. 123-133, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0946-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"133","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474561,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0946-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204819,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0946-3","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Delta","volume":"683","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f334e4b0c8380cd4b668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":8927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193792,"text":"70193792 - 2012 - Wetland hydrodynamics and long-term use of spring migration areas by lesser scaup in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:56:09","indexId":"70193792","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland hydrodynamics and long-term use of spring migration areas by lesser scaup in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis [Eyton]) populations remain below their long-term average despite improved habitat conditions along spring migration routes and at breeding grounds. Scaup are typically associated with large, semipermanent wetlands and exhibit regional preferences along migration routes. Identifying consistently used habitats for conservation and restoration is complicated by irregular wetland availability due to the dynamic climate. We modeled long-term wetland use by lesser scaup in eastern South Dakota based on surveys conducted during below-average (1987-1989) and above-average (1993-2002) water condition years. Wetland permanence, longitude, and physiographic region were all significant determinants of use (P<0.01). Long-term use was best described by a quadratic equation including wetland surface area variability, an index of wetland hydrodynamics that is linked to productivity, biodiversity, and value to waterfowl. Contrary to previous findings, our study shows that over the long term, lesser scaup are more than twice as likely to use permanent wetlands as they are semipermanent wetlands. The northern region of South Dakota's Prairie Coteau, which holds the highest density of hydrologically dynamic permanent wetlands, should be considered an area of conservation concern for lesser scaup. The criteria we identified may be used to identify important lesser scaup habitats in other regions of the Prairie Pothole Region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Great Plains Studies","usgsCitation":"Kahara, S.N., and Chipps, S.R., 2012, Wetland hydrodynamics and long-term use of spring migration areas by lesser scaup in eastern South Dakota: Great Plains Research, v. 22, no. 1, p. 69-78.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"78","ipdsId":"IP-035168","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/1215/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.43701171875,\n 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steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007473,"text":"sim3196 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sim3196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3196","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 16.5-mile reach of the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, N.H., from the confluence with the Merrimack River to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Suncook River streamgage 01089500 at Depot Road in North Chichester, N.H., were created by the USGS in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. The inundation maps presented in this report depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Suncook River at North Chichester, N.H. (station 01089500). The current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nh/nwis/uv/?site_no=01089500&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060). The National Weather Service forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated with USGS streamgages. Forecasted peak-stage information is available on the Internet at the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system site (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/) and may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\r\nThese maps along with real-time stream stage data from the USGS Suncook River streamgage (station 01089500) and forecasted stream stage from the NWS will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities, such as evacuations, road closures, disaster declarations, and post-flood recovery. The maps, along with current stream-stage data from the USGS Suncook River streamgage and forecasted stream-stage data from the NWS, can be accessed at the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., Johnston, C.M., and Hays, L., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3196, Pamphlet: viii, 10 p.; 20 plates; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3196.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: viii, 10 p.; 20 plates; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3196.png"},{"id":115840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graphs","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Merrimack","city":"Epsom;Pembroke;Allenstown;Chichester","otherGeospatial":"Depot Road","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,43 ], [ -72,43.5 ], [ -71,43.5 ], [ -71,43 ], [ -72,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1169e4b0c8380cd53fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Craig M. cmjohnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":1814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"cmjohnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Laura","contributorId":77296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007444,"text":"70007444 - 2012 - Do interactions of land use and climate affect productivity of waterbirds and prairie-pothole wetlands?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:25:56","indexId":"70007444","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-20T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do interactions of land use and climate affect productivity of waterbirds and prairie-pothole wetlands?","docAbstract":"Availability of aquatic invertebrates on migration and breeding areas influences recruitment of ducks and shorebirds. In wetlands of Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), aquatic invertebrate production primarily is driven by interannual fluctuations of water levels in response to wet-dry cycles in climate. However, this understanding comes from studying basins that are minimally impacted by agricultural landscape modifications. In the past 100–150 years, a large proportion of wetlands within the PPR have been altered; often water was drained from smaller to larger wetlands at lower elevations creating consolidated, interconnected basins. Here I present a case study and I hypothesize that large basins receiving inflow from consolidation drainage have reduced water-level fluctuations in response to climate cycles than those in undrained landscapes, resulting in relatively stable wetlands that have lower densities of invertebrate forage for ducks and shorebirds and also less foraging habitat, especially for shorebirds. Furthermore, stable water-levels and interconnected basins may favor introduced or invasive species (e.g., cattail [Typha spp.] or fish) because native communities \"evolved\" in a dynamic and isolated system. Accordingly, understanding interactions between water-level fluctuations and landscape modifications is a prerequisite step to modeling effects of climate change on wetland hydrology and productivity and concomitant recruitment of waterbirds.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1007/s13157-011-0206-3","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M.J., 2012, Do interactions of land use and climate affect productivity of waterbirds and prairie-pothole wetlands?: Wetlands, v. 32, no. 1, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0206-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Wells County","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.2974,47.8479],[-99.2973,47.6725],[-99.2691,47.6727],[-99.2681,47.5866],[-99.2669,47.3268],[-99.4801,47.3267],[-99.5248,47.3275],[-99.6077,47.3267],[-99.6498,47.3274],[-100.0347,47.327],[-100.0343,47.3844],[-100.0341,47.4129],[-100.0329,47.6728],[-100.0705,47.6733],[-100.0694,47.8469],[-99.8141,47.8477],[-99.2974,47.8479]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wells\",\"state\":\"ND\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0361e4b0c8380cd50469","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007512,"text":"70007512 - 2012 - A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T16:51:15.491091","indexId":"70007512","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-19T18:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates","docAbstract":"Urban irrigation is an important component of the hydrologic cycle in many areas of the arid and semiarid western United States. This paper describes a new approach that uses readily available datasets to estimate the location and rate of urban irrigation. The approach provides a repeatable methodology at 1/3 km2 resolution across a large urbanized area (500 km2). For this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery, air photos, climatic records, and a land-use map were used to: (1) identify the fraction of irrigated landscaping in urban areas, and (2) estimate the monthly rate of irrigation being applied to those areas. The area chosen for this study was the San Fernando Valley in Southern California.
\nIdentifying irrigated areas involved the use of 29 satellite images, air photos, and a land-use map. The fraction of a pixel that consists of irrigated landscaping (Firr) was estimated using a linear-mixture model of two land-cover endmembers (selected pixels within a satellite image that represent a targeted land-cover). The two endmembers were impervious and fully-irrigated landscaping. In the San Fernando Valley, we used airport buildings, runways, and pavement to represent the impervious endmember; golf courses and parks were used to represent the fully irrigated endmember. The average Firr using all 29 satellite scenes was 44%. Firr calculated from hand-digitizing using air photos for 13 randomly selected single-family-residential neighborhoods showed similar results (42%).
\nEstimating the rate of irrigation required identification of a third endmember: areas that consisted of urban vegetation but were not irrigated. This \"nonirrigated\" endmember was used to compute a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) surplus, defined as the difference between the NDVI signals of the irrigated and nonirrigated endmembers. The NDVI signals from irrigated areas remains relatively constant throughout the year, whereas the signal from nonirrigated areas rises and falls seasonally due to precipitation. The areas between airport runways were chosen to represent the nonirrigated endmember. Water-delivery records from 65 spatially-distributed single-family neighborhoods, consisting of nearly 1800 homes, were correlated with the NDVI surplus. The results show a strong exponential correlation (r2 = 0.94).
\nIn the absence of water-delivery records, which can be difficult to obtain, a surrogate was identified: the landscape evapotranspiration rate (ETL). ETL was used to scale NDVI surplus (which is dimensionless) to irrigation rates using an exponential scaling function. The monthly irrigation rates calculated from satellite and climatic data compared well with irrigation rates calculated from actual water-delivery data using a paired Wilcoxan signed-rank test (p = 0.0063).
\nIdentification of Firr at the pixel scale, along with identification of the irrigation rate for a fully-irrigated pixel, allows for mapping of urban irrigation over large areas. Maps showing the location and rate of monthly irrigation for the San Fernando study area were computed for January and August 1997.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.016","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2012, A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates: Journal of Hydrology, v. 414-415, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.016.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Fernando Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.608119,34.038848 ], [ -118.608119,34.287715 ], [ -118.280568,34.287715 ], [ -118.280568,34.038848 ], [ -118.608119,34.038848 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"414-415","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e546e4b0c8380cd46c61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007393,"text":"sir20125018 - 2012 - Hydrologic conditions, groundwater quality, and analysis of sink hole formation in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:41:10","indexId":"sir20125018","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5018","title":"Hydrologic conditions, groundwater quality, and analysis of sink hole formation in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission has conducted water resources investigations and monitored groundwater conditions and availability in the Albany, Georgia, area since 1977. This report presents an overview of hydrologic conditions, water quality, and groundwater studies in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, during 2009. Historical data also are presented for comparison with 2009 data. During 2009, groundwater-level data were collected in 29 wells in the Albany area to monitor water-level trends in the surficial, Upper Floridan, Claiborne, Clayton, and Providence aquifers. Groundwater-level data from 21 of the 29 wells indicated an increasing trend during 2008–09. Five wells show no trend due to lack of data and three wells have decreasing trends. Period-of-record water levels (period of record ranged between 1957–2009 and 2003–2009) declined slightly in 10 wells and increased slightly in 4 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer; declined in 1 well and increased in 2 wells tapping the Claiborne aquifer; declined in 4 wells and increased in 2 wells tapping the Clayton aquifer; and increased in 1 well tapping the Providence aquifer. Analyses of groundwater samples collected during 2009 from 12 wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of a well field located southwest of Albany indicate that overall concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen increased slightly from 2008 in 8 wells. A maximum concentration of 12.9 milligrams per liter was found in a groundwater sample from a well located upgradient from the well field. The distinct difference in chemical constituents of water samples collected from the Flint River and samples collected from wells located in the well-field area southwest of Albany indicates that little water exchange occurs between the Upper Floridan aquifer and Flint River where the river flows adjacent to, but downgradient of, the well field. Water-quality data collected during 2008 from two municipal wells located in northern Albany and downgradient from a hazardous waste site indicate low-level concentrations of pesticides in one of the wells; however, no pesticides were detected in samples collected during 2009. Detailed geologic cross sections were used to create a three-dimensional, hydrogeologic diagram of the well field southwest of Albany in order to examine the occurrence of subsurface features conducive to sinkhole formation. Monitored groundwater-level data were used to assess the possible relations between sinkhole formation, precipitation, and water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Although the water levels in well 12L382 oscillated above and below the top of the aquifer on a regular basis between 2007 and 2009, sinkhole development did not appear to correlate directly with either well-field pumping or water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Specifically, two sinkholes formed in each of the years 2003 and 2005 when water levels were almost 20 feet above the top of the aquifer during most of the year. Water-level and sinkhole-formation data continue to be collected to allow further study and analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., Painter, J.A., and McCranie, J.M., 2012, Hydrologic conditions, groundwater quality, and analysis of sink hole formation in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5018, vii, 23 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125018.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657 dwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":2251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie","email":"dwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCranie, John M. mccranie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCranie","given":"John","email":"mccranie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007307,"text":"sir20115235 - 2012 - Groundwater flow, quality (2007-10), and mixing in the Wind Cave National Park area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:31:09","indexId":"sir20115235","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5235","title":"Groundwater flow, quality (2007-10), and mixing in the Wind Cave National Park area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A study of groundwater flow, quality, and mixing in relation to Wind Cave National Park in western South Dakota was conducted during 2007-11 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service because of water-quality concerns and to determine possible sources of groundwater contamination in the Wind Cave National Park area. A large area surrounding Wind Cave National Park was included in this study because to understand groundwater in the park, a general understanding of groundwater in the surrounding southern Black Hills is necessary. Three aquifers are of particular importance for this purpose: the Minnelusa, Madison, and Precambrian aquifers. Multivariate methods applied to hydrochemical data, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and an end-member mixing model, were applied to characterize groundwater flow and mixing. This provided a way to assess characteristics important for groundwater quality, including the differentiation of hydrogeologic domains within the study area, sources of groundwater to these domains, and groundwater mixing within these domains. Groundwater and surface-water samples collected for this study were analyzed for common ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, silica, and sulfate), arsenic, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, specific conductance, and pH. These 12 variables were used in all multivariate methods. A total of 100 samples were collected from 60 sites from 2007 to 2010 and included stream sinks, cave drip, cave water bodies, springs, and wells. In previous approaches that combined PCA with end-member mixing, extreme-value samples identified by PCA typically were assumed to represent end members. In this study, end members were not assumed to have been sampled but rather were estimated and constrained by prior hydrologic knowledge. Also, the end-member mixing model was quantified in relation to hydrogeologic domains, which focuses model results on major hydrologic processes. Finally, conservative tracers were weighted preferentially in model calibration, which distributed model errors of optimized values, or residuals, more appropriately than would otherwise be the case The latter item also provides an estimate of the relative effect of geochemical evolution along flow paths in comparison to mixing. The end-member mixing model estimated that Wind Cave sites received 38 percent of their groundwater inflow from local surface recharge, 34 percent from the upgradient Precambrian aquifer, 26 percent from surface recharge to the west, and 2 percent from regional flow. Artesian springs primarily received water from end members assumed to represent regional groundwater flow. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for chlorofluorocarbons, dissolved gasses (argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen), and tritium at selected sites and used to estimate groundwater age. Apparent ages, or model ages, for the Madison aquifer in the study area indicate that groundwater closest to surface recharge areas is youngest, with increasing age in a downgradient direction toward deeper parts of the aquifer. Arsenic concentrations in samples collected for this study ranged from 0.28 to 37.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L) with a median value of 6.4 μg/L, and 32 percent of these exceeded 10 μg/L. The highest arsenic concentrations in and near the study area are approximately coincident with the outcrop of the Minnelusa Formation and likely originated from arsenic in shale layers in this formation. Sample concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite were less than 2 milligrams per liter for 92 percent of samples collected, which is not a concern for drinking-water quality. Water samples were collected in the park and analyzed for five trace metals (chromium, copper, lithium, vanadium, and zinc), the concentrations of which did not correlate with arsenic. Dye tracing indicated hydraulic connection between three water bodies in Wind Cave.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., Ohms, M.J., and McKaskey, J.D., 2012, Groundwater flow, quality (2007-10), and mixing in the Wind Cave National Park area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5235, vi, 41 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115235.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.; Tables","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5235.jpg"},{"id":115794,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Wind Cave National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 103.8,43.3 ], [ 103.8,43.8 ], [ 103.3,43.8 ], [ 103.3,43.3 ], [ 103.8,43.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da3e4b0c8380cd5bf76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohms, Marc J.","contributorId":8613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohms","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKaskey, Jonathan D.R.G.","contributorId":28000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKaskey","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007324,"text":"ds632 - 2012 - Water chemistry and electrical conductivity database for rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T16:18:46","indexId":"ds632","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-08T10:34:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"632","title":"Water chemistry and electrical conductivity database for rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Chloride flux has been used to estimate heat flow in volcanic environments since the method was developed in New Zealand by Ellis and Wilson (1955). The method can be applied effectively at Yellowstone, because nearly all of the water discharged from its thermal features enters one of four major rivers (the Madison, Yellowstone, Snake, and Falls Rivers) that drain the park, and thus integration of chloride fluxes from all these rivers provides a means to monitor the total heat flow from the entire Yellowstone volcanic system (Fournier and others, 1976; Fournier, 1979). Fournier (1989) summarized the results and longterm heat-flow trends from Yellowstone, and later efforts that applied the chloride inventory method to estimate heat flow were described by Ingebritsen and others (2001) and Friedman and Norton (2007). Most recently, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in conjunction with the National Park Service, has provided publicly accessible reports on solute flux, based on periodic sampling at selected locations (Hurwitz and others, 2007a,b). While these studies have provided a wealth of valuable data, winter travel restrictions and the great distances between sites present significant logistical challenges and have limited collection to a maximum of 28 samples per site annually.
\nThis study aims to quantify relations between solute concentrations (especially chloride) and electrical conductivity for several rivers in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), by using automated samplers and conductivity meters. Norton and Friedman (1985) found that chloride concentrations and electrical conductivity have a good correlation in the Falls, Snake, Madison, and Yellowstone Rivers. However, their results are based on limited sampling and hydrologic conditions and their relation with other solutes was not determined. Once the correlations are established, conductivity measurements can then be used as a proxy for chloride concentrations, thereby enabling continuous heat-flow estimation on a much finer timescale and at lower cost than is currently possible with direct sampling. This publication serves as a repository for all data collected during the course of the study from May 2010 through July 2011, but it does not include correlations between solutes and conductivity or recommendations for quantification of chloride through continuous electrical conductivity measurements. This will be the object of a future document.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reson, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds632","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Clor, L.E., McCleskey, R.B., Huebner, M., Lowenstern, J.B., Heasler, H.P., Mahony, D.L., Maloney, T., and Evans, W.C., 2012, Water chemistry and electrical conductivity database for rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 632, Report: iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds632.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-05-01","temporalEnd":"2011-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_632.gif"},{"id":115782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/632/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.16666666666667,44.083333333333336 ], [ -111.16666666666667,45.166666666666664 ], [ -109.75,45.166666666666664 ], [ -109.75,44.083333333333336 ], [ -111.16666666666667,44.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7cee4b08c986b32c630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clor, Laura E.","contributorId":94749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huebner, Mark A.","contributorId":27902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heasler, Henry P.","contributorId":65935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahony, Dan L.","contributorId":43911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahony","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maloney, Tim","contributorId":70537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70118274,"text":"70118274 - 2012 - Uranium isotopes (234U/238U) in rivers of the Yukon Basin (Alaska and Canada) as an aid in identifying water sources, with implications for monitoring hydrologic change in arctic regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:29:45.739973","indexId":"70118274","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-02T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Uranium isotopes (234U/238U) in rivers of the Yukon Basin (Alaska and Canada) as an aid in identifying water sources, with implications for monitoring hydrologic change in arctic regions","title":"Uranium isotopes (234U/238U) in rivers of the Yukon Basin (Alaska and Canada) as an aid in identifying water sources, with implications for monitoring hydrologic change in arctic regions","docAbstract":"The ability to detect hydrologic variation in large arctic river systems is of major importance in understanding and predicting effects of climate change in high-latitude environments. Monitoring uranium isotopes (234U and 238U) in river water of the Yukon River Basin of Alaska and northwestern Canada (2001–2005) has enhanced the ability to identify water sources to rivers, as well as detect flow changes that have occurred over the 5-year study. Uranium isotopic data for the Yukon River and major tributaries (the Porcupine and Tanana rivers) identify several sources that contribute to river flow, including: deep groundwater, seasonally frozen river-valley alluvium groundwater, and high-elevation glacial melt water. The main-stem Yukon River exhibits patterns of uranium isotopic variation at several locations that reflect input from ice melt and shallow groundwater in the spring, as well as a multi-year pattern of increased variability in timing and relative amount of water supplied from higher elevations within the basin. Results of this study demonstrate both the utility of uranium isotopes in revealing sources of water in large river systems and of incorporating uranium isotope analysis in long-term monitoring of arctic river systems that attempt to assess the effects of climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-012-0829-3","usgsCitation":"Kraemer, T.F., and Brabets, T.P., 2012, Uranium isotopes (234U/238U) in rivers of the Yukon Basin (Alaska and Canada) as an aid in identifying water sources, with implications for monitoring hydrologic change in arctic regions: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 20, no. 3, p. 469-481, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0829-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"481","ipdsId":"IP-017066","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -164.8,61.55 ], [ -164.8,66.62 ], [ -134.84,66.62 ], [ -134.84,61.55 ], [ -164.8,61.55 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f3c1e4b0bc0bec0a0b87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007288,"text":"ofr20111280 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Rogue River basin, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:21:52","indexId":"ofr20111280","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1280","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Rogue River basin, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"This report summarizes a preliminary assessment of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Rogue River basin, which encompasses 13,390 square kilometers (km2) along the southwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:
Geothermal reservoirs derive their capacity for fluid and heat transport in large part from faults and fractures. Micro-seismicity generated on such faults and fractures can be used to map larger fault structures as well as secondary fractures that add access to hot rock, fluid storage and recharge capacity necessary to have a sustainable geothermal resource. Additionally, inversion of seismic velocities from micro-seismicity permits imaging of regions subject to the combined effects of fracture density, fluid pressure and steam content, among other factors. We relocate 14 years of seismicity (1996-2009) in the Coso geothermal field using differential travel times and simultaneously invert for seismic velocities to improve our knowledge of the subsurface geologic and hydrologic structure. We utilize over 60,000 micro-seismic events using waveform cross-correlation to augment to expansive catalog of P- and S-wave differential travel times recorded at Coso. We further carry out rigorous uncertainty estimation and find that our results are precise to within 10s of meters of relative location error. We find that relocated micro-seismicity outlines prominent, through-going faults in the reservoir in some cases. We also find that a significant portion of seismicity remains diffuse and does not cluster into more sharply defined major structures. The seismic velocity structure reveals heterogeneous distributions of compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave speed, with Vp generally lower in the main field when compared to the east flank and Vs varying more significantly in the shallow portions of the reservoir. The Vp/Vs ratio appears to outline the two main compartments of the reservoir at depths of -0.5 to 1.5 km (relative to sea-level), with a ridge of relatively high Vp/Vs separating the main field from the east flank. In the deeper portion of the reservoir this ridge is less prominent. Our results indicate that high-precision relocations of micro-seismicity can provide useful insight into: 1) prominent structural features, faults and fractures that contribute to the flow of fluid and heat in the reservoir; 2) diffuse seismicity throughout the reservoir representing fractures that likely contribute to the overall permeability, storage and heat exchange capacity of the reservoir, but which are not confined to prominent faults; and 3) seismic velocities that outline the major hydrologic compartments within the Coso geothermal field.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Thirty-Seventh Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Stanford Geothermal Workshop","conferenceDate":"January 30-February 1, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, California","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford Geothermal Program","usgsCitation":"Kaven, J.O., Hickman, S.H., and Davatzes, N.C., 2012, Using micro-seismicity and seismic velocities to map subsurface geologic and hydrologic structure within the Coso geothermal field, California, in Proceedings, Thirty-Seventh Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, January 30-February 1, 2012, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Coso geothermal field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.89840698242188,\n 35.89516901521329\n ],\n [\n -117.89840698242188,\n 35.943547570924665\n ],\n [\n -117.83111572265625,\n 35.943547570924665\n ],\n [\n -117.83111572265625,\n 35.89516901521329\n ],\n [\n -117.89840698242188,\n 35.89516901521329\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067042e4b058f706e51976","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaven, Joern Ole","contributorId":148002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaven","given":"Joern","email":"","middleInitial":"Ole","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042896,"text":"70042896 - 2012 - Utilizing multichannel electrical resistivity methods to examine the dynamics of the fresh water–seawater interface in two Hawaiian groundwater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T20:22:06","indexId":"70042896","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing multichannel electrical resistivity methods to examine the dynamics of the fresh water–seawater interface in two Hawaiian groundwater systems","docAbstract":"Multichannel electrical resistivity (ER) measurements were conducted at two contrasting coastal sites in Hawaii to obtain new information on the spatial scales and dynamics of the fresh water–seawater interface and rates of coastal groundwater exchange. At Kiholo Bay (located on the dry, Kona side of the Big Island) and at a site in Maunalua Bay (Oahu), there is an evidence for abundant submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). However, the hydrologic and geologic controls on coastal groundwater discharge are likely to be different at these two sites. While at Kiholo Bay SGD is predominantly through lava tubes, at the Maunalua Bay site exchange occurs mostly through nearshore submarine springs. In order to calculate SGD fluxes, it is important to understand the spatial and temporal scales of coastal groundwater exchange. From ER time series data, subsurface salinity distributions were calculated using site-specific formation factors. A salinity mass balance box model was then used to calculate rates of point source (i.e., spatially discreet) and total fresh water discharge. From these data, mean SGD rates were calculated for Kiholo Bay (∼9,200 m3/d) and for the Maunalua Bay site (∼5,900 m3/d). While such results are on the same order of magnitude to geochemical tracer-derived SGD rates, the ER SGD rates provide enhanced details of coastal groundwater exchange that can enable a more cohesive whole watershed perspective.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007509","usgsCitation":"Dimova, N.T., Swarzenski, P.W., Dulaiova, H., and Glenn, C.R., 2012, Utilizing multichannel electrical resistivity methods to examine the dynamics of the fresh water–seawater interface in two Hawaiian groundwater systems: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 117, no. C2, C02012; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007509.","productDescription":"C02012; 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032654","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474583,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jc007509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":272289,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Big Island, Kiholo Bay, Oahu, Wailupe Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9,\n 19.83\n ],\n [\n -155.9,\n 19.88\n ],\n [\n -155.95,\n 19.88\n ],\n [\n -155.95,\n 19.83\n ],\n [\n -155.9,\n 19.83\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.8,\n 21.25\n ],\n [\n -157.8,\n 21.3\n ],\n [\n -157.75,\n 21.3\n ],\n [\n -157.75,\n 21.25\n ],\n [\n -157.8,\n 21.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"C2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51955851e4b0a933d82c4cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dimova, Natasha T.","contributorId":50769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dulaiova, Henrieta","contributorId":46635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulaiova","given":"Henrieta","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, Craig R.","contributorId":10850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178329,"text":"70178329 - 2012 - In situ quantification of spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic exchange in static and mobile gravel-bed rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-16T21:12:06.444802","indexId":"70178329","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"In situ quantification of spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic exchange in static and mobile gravel-bed rivers","title":"In situ quantification of spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic exchange in static and mobile gravel-bed rivers","docAbstract":"Seepage meters modified for use in flowing water were used to directly measure rates of exchange between surface and subsurface water in a gravel‐ and cobble bed river in western Pennsylvania, USA (Allegheny River, Qmean = 190 m3/s) and a sand‐ and gravel‐bed river in Colorado, USA (South Platte River, Qmean = 9·7 m3/s). Study reaches at the Allegheny River were located downstream from a dam. The bed was stable with moss, algae, and river grass present in many locations. Median seepage was + 0·28 m/d and seepage was highly variable among measurement locations. Upward and downward seepage greatly exceeded the median seepage rate, ranging from + 2·26 (upward) to − 3·76 (downward) m/d. At the South Platte River site, substantial local‐scale bed topography as well as mobile bedforms resulted in spatial and temporal variability in seepage greatly in exceedence of the median groundwater discharge rate of 0·24 m/d. Both upward and downward seepage were recorded along every transect across the river with rates ranging from + 2·37 to − 3·40 m/d. Despite a stable bed, which commonly facilitates clogging by fine‐grained or organic sediments, seepage rates at the Allegheny River were not reduced relative to those at the South Platte River. Seepage rate and direction depended primarily on measurement position relative to local‐ and meso‐scale bed topography at both rivers. Hydraulic gradients were small at nearly all seepage‐measurement locations and commonly were not a good indicator of seepage rate or direction. Therefore, measuring hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity at in‐stream piezometers may be misleading if used to determine seepage flux across the sediment‐water interface. Such a method assumes that flow between the well screen and sediment‐water interface is vertical, which appears to be a poor assumption in coarse‐grained hyporheic settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8154","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Klos, P.Z., and Neal, A., 2012, In situ quantification of spatial and temporal variability of hyporheic exchange in static and mobile gravel-bed rivers: Hydrological Processes, v. 26, no. 4, p. 604-612, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8154.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"604","endPage":"612","ipdsId":"IP-025940","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8154","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Allegheny River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.2828369140625,\n 41.84910468610387\n ],\n [\n -79.43389892578125,\n 41.71187978193456\n ],\n [\n -79.36248779296874,\n 41.64623592868676\n ],\n [\n -79.20318603515625,\n 41.81021999190292\n ],\n [\n -79.2828369140625,\n 41.84910468610387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb46e4b0c253bdfff0ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klos, P. Zion","contributorId":176826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klos","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zion","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, Andrew","contributorId":176825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neal","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178327,"text":"70178327 - 2012 - Influence of a thin veneer of low-hydraulic-conductivity sediment on modelled exchange between river water and groundwater in response to induced infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T12:44:43.709149","indexId":"70178327","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of a thin veneer of low-hydraulic-conductivity sediment on modelled exchange between river water and groundwater in response to induced infiltration","docAbstract":"A thin layer of fine‐grained sediment commonly is deposited at the sediment–water interface of streams and rivers during low‐flow conditions, and may hinder exchange at the sediment–water interface similar to that observed at many riverbank‐filtration (RBF) sites. Results from a numerical groundwater‐flow model indicate that a low‐permeability veneer reduces the contribution of river water to a pumping well in a riparian aquifer to various degrees, depending on simulated hydraulic gradients, hydrogeological properties, and pumping conditions. Seepage of river water is reduced by 5–10% when a 2‐cm thick, low‐permeability veneer is present on the bed surface. Increasing thickness of the low‐permeability layer to 0·1 m has little effect on distribution of seepage or percentage contribution from the river to the pumping well. A three‐orders‐of‐magnitude reduction in hydraulic conductivity of the veneer is required to reduce seepage from the river to the extent typically associated with clogging at RBF sites. This degree of reduction is much larger than field‐measured values that were on the order of a factor of 20–25. Over 90% of seepage occurs within 12 m of the shoreline closest to the pumping well for most simulations. Virtually no seepage occurs through the thalweg near the shoreline opposite the pumping well, although no low‐permeability sediment was simulated for the thalweg. These results are relevant to natural settings that favour formation of a substantial, low‐permeability sediment veneer, as well as central‐pivot irrigation systems, and municipal water supplies where river seepage is induced via pumping wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8153","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., and Healy, R.W., 2012, Influence of a thin veneer of low-hydraulic-conductivity sediment on modelled exchange between river water and groundwater in response to induced infiltration: Hydrological Processes, v. 26, no. 4, p. 544-557, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8153.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"557","ipdsId":"IP-015284","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.57861328125,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 41.104190944576466\n ],\n [\n -105.57861328125,\n 41.104190944576466\n ],\n [\n -105.57861328125,\n 39.41922073655956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582c2ce6e4b0c253be072c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007232,"text":"sir20125015 - 2012 - Preliminary analysis of the hydrologic effects of temporary shutdowns of the Rondout-West Branch Water Tunnel on the groundwater-flow system in Wawarsing, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20125015","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5015","title":"Preliminary analysis of the hydrologic effects of temporary shutdowns of the Rondout-West Branch Water Tunnel on the groundwater-flow system in Wawarsing, New York","docAbstract":"Flooding of streets and residential basements, and bacterial contamination of private-supply wells with Escherichia coli (E. coli) are recurring problems in the Rondout Valley near the Town of Wawarsing, Ulster County, New York. Leakage from the Rondout-West Branch (RWB) Water Tunnel and above-normal precipitation have been suspected of causing elevated groundwater levels and basement flooding. The hydrology of a 12-square-mile study area within the Town of Wawarsing was studied during 2008-10. A network of 41 wells (23 unconsolidated-aquifer and 18 bedrock wells) and 2 surface-water sites was used to monitor the hydrologic effects of four RWB Water Tunnel shutdowns. The study area is underlain by a sequence of northeast-trending sedimentary rocks that include limestone, shale, and sandstone. The bedrock contains dissolution features, fractures, and faults. Inflows that ranged from less than 1 to more than 9,000 gallons per minute from the fractured bedrock were documented during construction of the 13.5-foot-diameter RWB Water Tunnel through the sedimentary-rock sequence 710 feet (ft) beneath the study-area valley. Glacial sediments infill the valley above the bedrock sequence and consist of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The groundwater-flow system in the valley consists of both fractured-rock and unconsolidated aquifers. Water levels in both the bedrock and unconsolidated aquifers respond to variations in seasonal precipitation. During the past 9 years (2002-10), annual precipitation at Central Park, N.Y., has exceeded the 141-year mean. \r\nPotentiometric-surface maps indicate that groundwater in the bedrock flows from the surrounding hills on the east and west sides of the valley toward the center of the valley, and ultimately toward the northeast. On average, water levels in the bedrock aquifer had seasonal differences of 5.3 ft. Analysis of hydrographs of bedrock wells indicates that many of these wells are affected by the RWB Tunnel leakage. Tunnel-leakage influences (water level and temperature changes) in the bedrock aquifer were measured at distances up to 7,000 ft from the RWB Tunnel. Water levels in the bedrock changed as much as 12 ft within 0.5 hour during tunnel shutdowns. Nine of the 10 wells that responded to the shutdowns showed a water-level response of 5 ft or greater. Changes in water levels ranged from 1.5 to 12 ft, with tunnel-leakage influence delay times ranging from 0.5 to 60 hours. Many of the longest tunnel-influence delay times and smallest water-level changes were in wells located closest to the tunnel in shale. Tunnel-influence response of the bedrock aquifer is consistent with its preliminary characterization as an anisotropic aquifer with greater transmissivity along bedding strike than across bedding strike. This tunnel-influence response is also consistent with the likely presence of discrete high-transmissivity networks along fractured limestone beds that have undergone dissolution. A lack of bedrock observation wells in half of the study area hampered a more thorough analysis of the extent of leakage from the RWB Tunnel in the study area. \r\nOn average, water levels in the unconsolidated aquifer had a seasonal difference of 5.0 ft. Some unconsolidated-aquifer wells indicated water-level changes due to tunnel leakage. The locations of unconsolidated-aquifer wells with measurable water-level changes due to tunnel leakage correlated with those in the bedrock. Water levels in the unconsolidated aquifer changed as much as 2.5 ft within 18 hours of tunnel shutdowns, but water-level changes in some unconsolidated-aquifer wells were smaller or nonexistent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Como, M.D., and Noll, M.L., 2012, Preliminary analysis of the hydrologic effects of temporary shutdowns of the Rondout-West Branch Water Tunnel on the groundwater-flow system in Wawarsing, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5015, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125015.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5015.gif"},{"id":115713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Ulster","city":"Wawarsing","otherGeospatial":"Rondout Valley;Rondout-west Branch (rwb) Water Tunnel","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a82d1e4b0c8380cd7bc70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007246,"text":"sir20115207 - 2012 - Survey of hydrologic models and hydrologic data needs for tracking flow in the Rio Grande, north-central New Mexico, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5207","title":"Survey of hydrologic models and hydrologic data needs for tracking flow in the Rio Grande, north-central New Mexico, 2010","docAbstract":"The six Middle Rio Grande Pueblos have prior and paramount rights to deliveries of water from the Rio Grande for their use. When the pueblos or the Bureau of Indian Affairs Designated Engineer identifies a need for additional flow on the Rio Grande, the Designated Engineer is tasked with deciding the timing and amount of releases of prior and paramount water from storage at El Vado Reservoir to meet the needs of the pueblos. Over the last three decades, numerous models have been developed by Federal, State, and local agencies in New Mexico to simulate, understand, and (or) manage flows in the Middle Rio Grande upstream from Elephant Butte Reservoir. In 2008, the Coalition of Six Middle Rio Grande Basin Pueblos entered into a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a comprehensive survey of these hydrologic models and their capacity to quantify and track various components of flow. The survey of hydrologic models provided in this report will help water-resource managers at the pueblos, as well as the Designated Engineer, make informed water-resource-management decisions that affect the prior and paramount water use. Analysis of 4 publicly available surface-water models and 13 publicly available groundwater models shows that, although elements from many models can be helpful in tracking flow in the Rio Grande, numerous data gaps and modeling needs indicate that accurate, consistent, and timely tracking of flow on the Rio Grande could be improved. Deficient or poorly constrained hydrologic variables are sources of uncertainty in hydrologic models that can be reduced with the acquisition of more refined data. Data gaps need to be filled to allow hydrologic models to be run on a real-time basis and thus ensure predictable water deliveries to meet needs for irrigation, domestic, stock, and other water uses. Timeliness of flow-data reporting is necessary to facilitate real-time model simulation, but even daily data are sometimes difficult to obtain because the data come from multiple sources. Each surface-water model produces results that could be helpful in quantifying the flow of the Rio Grande, specifically by helping to track water as it moves down the channel of the Rio Grande and by improving the understanding of river hydraulics for the specified reaches. The ability of each surface-water model to track flow on the Rio Grande varies according to the purpose for which each model was designed. The purpose of Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model (URGWOM) - to simulate water storage and delivery operations in the Rio Grande - is more applicable to tracking flow on the Rio Grande than are any of the other surface-water models surveyed. Specifically, the strengths of URGWOM in relation to modeling flow are the details and attention given to the accounting of Rio Grande flow and San Juan-Chama flow at a daily time step. The most significant difficulty in using any of the surveyed surface-water models for the purpose of predicting the need for requested water releases is that none of the surface-water models surveyed consider water accounting on a real-time basis. Groundwater models that provide detailed simulations of shallow groundwater flow in the vicinity of the Rio Grande can provide large-scale estimates of flow between the Rio Grande and shallow aquifers, which can be an important component of the Rio Grande water budget as a whole. The groundwater models surveyed for this report cannot, however, be expected to provide simulations of flow at time scales of less than the simulated time step (1 month to 1 year in most cases). Of those of the currently used groundwater models, the purpose of model 13 - to simulate the shallow riparian groundwater environment - is the most appropriate for examining local-scale surface-water/groundwater interactions. The basin-scale models, however, are also important in understanding the large-scale water balances between the aquifers and the surface water. In the case of the Upper and Middle Rio Grande Valley, models 6, 10, and 12 are the most accurate and current groundwater models available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coalition of Six Middle Rio Grande Basin Pueblos","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A., and Eggleston, J.R., 2012, Survey of hydrologic models and hydrologic data needs for tracking flow in the Rio Grande, north-central New Mexico, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5207, vii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115207.","productDescription":"vii, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5207.gif"},{"id":115750,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1988","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Basin;Elephant Butte Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105,33 ], [ -105,39 ], [ -109,39 ], [ -109,33 ], [ -105,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba295e4b08c986b31f7e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne","contributorId":16120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eggleston, Jack R.","contributorId":20011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007228,"text":"ds657 - 2012 - Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2006-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ds657","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"657","title":"Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2006-10","docAbstract":"The Cedar River alluvial aquifer is the primary source of municipal water in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa area. Municipal wells are completed in the alluvial aquifer approximately 40 to 80 feet below land surface. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting a cooperative study of the groundwater-flow system and water quality of the aquifer since 1992. Cooperative reports between the City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have documented hydrologic and water-quality data, geochemistry, and groundwater models. Water-quality samples were collected for studies involving well field monitoring, trends, source-water protection, groundwater geochemistry, surface-water-groundwater interaction, and pesticides in groundwater and surface water. Water-quality analyses were conducted for major ions (boron, bromide, calcium, chloride, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, and sulfate), nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and orthophosphate as phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides including two degradates of the herbicide atrazine. Physical characteristics (alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance and water temperature) were measured in the field and recorded for each water sample collected. This report presents the results of routine water-quality data-collection activities from January 2006 through December 2010. Methods of data collection, quality-assurance, and water-quality analyses are presented. Data include the results of water-quality analyses from quarterly sampling from monitoring wells, municipal wells, and the Cedar River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds657","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., 2012, Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2006-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 657, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds657.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_657.jpg"},{"id":115710,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/657/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Linn","city":"Cedar Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.75,41.96666666666667 ], [ -91.75,42.03333333333333 ], [ -91.66666666666667,42.03333333333333 ], [ -91.66666666666667,41.96666666666667 ], [ -91.75,41.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cc3e4b08c986b3180ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156821,"text":"70156821 - 2012 - Fluid geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-28T16:03:13","indexId":"70156821","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fluid geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain, a site in southwest Nevada, has been proposed for a deep underground radioactive waste repository. An extensive database of geochemical and isotopic characteristics has been established for pore waters and gases from the unsaturated zone, perched water, and saturated zone waters in the Yucca Mountain area. The development of this database has been driven by diverse needs of the Yucca Mountain Project, especially those aspects of the project involving process modeling and performance assessment. Water and gas chemistries influence the sorption behavior of radionuclides and the solubility of the radionuclide compounds that form. The chemistry of waters that may infiltrate the proposed repository will be determined in part by that of water present in the unsaturated zone above the proposed repository horizon, whereas pore-water compositions beneath the repository horizon will influence the sorption behavior of the radionuclides transported toward the water table. However, more relevant to the discussion in this chapter, development and testing of conceptual flow and transport models for the Yucca Mountain hydrologic system are strengthened through the incorporation of natural environmental tracer data into the process. Chemical and isotopic data are used to establish bounds on key hydrologic parameters and to provide corroborative evidence for model assumptions and predictions. Examples of specific issues addressed by these data include spatial and temporal variability in net fluxes, the role of faults in controlling flow paths, fracture-matrix interactions, the age and origin of perched water, and the distribution of water traveltimes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Southern Nevada and California","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2012.1209(04)","usgsCitation":"Marshall, B.D., Moscati, R.J., and Patterson, G.L., 2012, Fluid geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity, chap. of Hydrology and geochemistry of Yucca Mountain and vicinity, Southern Nevada and California, p. 143-218, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.1209(04).","productDescription":"76 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"218","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.79702758789061,\n 36.6959520787169\n ],\n [\n -116.79702758789061,\n 37.12857106113289\n ],\n [\n -116.09527587890624,\n 37.12857106113289\n ],\n [\n -116.09527587890624,\n 36.6959520787169\n ],\n [\n -116.79702758789061,\n 36.6959520787169\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f545e4b0bc0bec0a152b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570695,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Brian D. 0000-0002-8093-0093 bdmarsha@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-0093","contributorId":520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Brian","email":"bdmarsha@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Gary L. glpatter@usgs.gov","contributorId":519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Gary","email":"glpatter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":570694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046842,"text":"70046842 - 2012 - Evidence from 12-year study links ecosystem changes in the Gulf of Maine with climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T11:58:56","indexId":"70046842","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-11T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1444,"text":"EcoSystem Indicator Partnership Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from 12-year study links ecosystem changes in the Gulf of Maine with climate change","docAbstract":"Investigators at the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences (East Boothbay, Maine) and the U.S. Geological Survey collaborated to study ecosystem changes in the Gulf of Maine. As part of the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS), a comprehensive long-term study of hydrographic, biological, optical and chemical properties, multiple cruises have been conducted each year since 2001 by using a portable laboratory aboard different vessels (figure 1) and occasionally a remotely controlled glider (figure 2). Data collected during these cruises, when analyzed within the context of a century of climatological and streamflow data, document changes in temperature, salinity, and coastal ocean productivity that appear to be related to recent increases in precipitation and streamflow. These results are evidence of a link between changing hydrologic conditions on land and changes in coastal ocean productivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"EcoSystem Indicator Partnership Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EcoSystem Indicator Partnership","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., Huntington, T.G., Balch, W., Drapeau, D., and Bowler, B., 2012, Evidence from 12-year study links ecosystem changes in the Gulf of Maine with climate change: EcoSystem Indicator Partnership Journal, no. July-August 2012.","ipdsId":"IP-038464","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280996,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.gulfofmaine.org/2/esip-monthly-journals/2012-07-08/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.65,41.98 ], [ -70.65,44.57 ], [ -66.04,44.57 ], [ -66.04,41.98 ], [ -70.65,41.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","issue":"July-August 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd589fe4b0b290850f834a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balch, William","contributorId":65380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drapeau, David","contributorId":30136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drapeau","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowler, Bruce","contributorId":92169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007098,"text":"fs20123005 - 2012 - Watershed modeling applications in south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:29:11","indexId":"fs20123005","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3005","title":"Watershed modeling applications in south Texas","docAbstract":"Watershed models can be used to simulate natural and human-altered processes including the flow of water and associated transport of sediment, chemicals, nutrients, and microbial organisms within a watershed. Simulation of these processes is useful for addressing a wide range of water-resource challenges, such as quantifying changes in water availability over time, understanding the effects of development and land-use changes on water resources, quantifying changes in constituent loads and yields over time, and quantifying aquifer recharge temporally and spatially throughout a watershed.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with State and Federal agency partners, developed simulation models for several watersheds in south Texas. These models provide the capability to simulate scenarios of possible future conditions and management alternatives to help water-resource professionals with planning decisions. The program used for creating these Texas watershed models is the Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF). HSPF is one of the most comprehensive watershed modeling programs because it can simulate a variety of stream and watershed conditions with reasonable accuracy and enables flexibility in adjusting the model to simulate alternative conditions or scenarios. The HSPF model provides time-series data simulating water movement (runoff from land surfaces, infiltration of water through soil layers, flow in stream channels) and water-quality parameter values and constituent concentrations associated with the water movement at any selected location in the watershed. Time-series outputs from an HSPF simulation are continuous (for example, hourly or daily). Continuous models provide the advantage of simulating watershed processes for a full range of streamflow conditions. Continuous models can illustrate how processes that appreciably affect water-quality conditions during low flows might have relatively minor effects on water-quality conditions during high flows.
\nThis fact sheet presents an overview of six selected watershed modeling studies by the USGS and partners that address a variety of water-resource issues in south Texas. These studies provide examples of modeling applications and demonstrate the usefulness and versatility of watershed models in aiding the understanding of hydrologic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123005","usgsCitation":"Pedraza, D.E., and Ockerman, D.J., 2012, Watershed modeling applications in south Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3005, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123005.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3005.gif"},{"id":112455,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -101,25.75 ], [ -101,30.25 ], [ -96,30.25 ], [ -96,25.75 ], [ -101,25.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf76e4b08c986b32e8ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pedraza, Diana E. 0000-0003-4483-8094 dpedraza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-8094","contributorId":1281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedraza","given":"Diana","email":"dpedraza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ockerman, Darwin J. 0000-0003-1958-1688 ockerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-1688","contributorId":1579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ockerman","given":"Darwin","email":"ockerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}