The U.S. Geological Survey has generated a comprehensive data clearinghouse of digital vector cliff edges and associated rates of cliff retreat along the open-ocean California coast. These data, which are presented herein, were compiled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project.
\nCliff erosion is a chronic problem along many coastlines of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information including rates and trends of coastal cliff retreat. There is also a critical need for these data to be consistent from one region to another. One objective of this work is to a develop standard, repeatable methodology for mapping and analyzing cliff edge retreat so that periodic, systematic, and internally consistent updates of cliff edge position and associated rates of erosion can be made at a national scale.
\nThis data compilation for open-ocean cliff edges for the California coast is a separate, yet related study to Hapke and others, 2006 documenting shoreline change along sandy shorelines of the California coast, which is itself one in a series that includes the Gulf of Mexico and the Southeast Atlantic coast (Morton and others, 2004; Morton and Miller, 2005). Future reports and data compilations will include coverage of the Northeast U.S., the Great Lakes, Hawaii and Alaska. Cliff edge change is determined by comparing the positions of one historical cliff edge digitized from maps with a modern cliff edge derived from topographic LIDAR (light detection and ranging) surveys. Historical cliff edges for the California coast represent the 1920s-1930s time-period; the most recent cliff edge was delineated using data collected between 1998 and 2002. End-point rate calculations were used to evaluate rates of erosion between the two cliff edges. Please refer to our full report on cliff edge erosion along the California coastline at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1133/ for additional information regarding methods and results (Hapke and others, 2007).
\nData in this report are organized into downloadable layers by region (Northern, Central and Southern California) and are provided as vector datasets with accompanying metadata. Vector cliff edges may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources and the sources used are included in the dataset metadata. This project employs the Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) ArcGIS as it's Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping tool and contains several data layers (shapefiles) that are used to create a geographic view of the California coast. The vector data form a basemap comprising polygon and line themes that include a U.S. coastline (1:80,000), U.S. cities, and state boundaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071112","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., Reid, D., and Borrelli, M., 2007, The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS compilation of vector cliff edges and associated cliff erosion data for the California coast (Version 1.1, revised Sep. 2008): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1112, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071112.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81259.htm"},{"id":190980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071112.PNG"},{"id":9668,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 32.713355353177555\n ],\n [\n -117.3779296875,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 34.75966612466248\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -121.640625,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -122.71728515624999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 40.39676430557203\n ],\n [\n -123.68408203124999,\n 41.376808565702355\n ],\n [\n -124.01367187499999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.91455078125,\n 41.95131994679697\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -123.06884765625,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 34.470335121217474\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -118.67431640625,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -116.87255859374999,\n 32.713355353177555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, revised Sep. 2008","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl","contributorId":89846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, David","contributorId":63888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Borrelli, Mark","contributorId":22862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borrelli","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79949,"text":"ofr20071133 - 2007 - National assessment of shoreline change, part 4: Historical coastal cliff retreat along the California coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:19:24.405279","indexId":"ofr20071133","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1133","title":"National assessment of shoreline change, part 4: Historical coastal cliff retreat along the California coast","docAbstract":"Coastal cliff retreat, the landward migration of the cliff face, is a chronic problem along many rocky coastlines in the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding trends and rates of coastal cliff retreat. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of cliff retreat that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey is conducting an analysis of historical coastal cliff retreat along open-ocean rocky coastlines of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great Lakes. One purpose of this work is to develop standard repeatable methods for mapping and analyzing coastal cliff retreat so that periodic updates of coastal erosion can be made nationally that are systematic and internally consistent.
This report on the California Coast is an accompaniment to a report on long-term sandy shoreline change for California. This report summarizes the methods of analysis, interprets the results, and provides explanations regarding long-term rates of cliff retreat. Neither detailed background information on the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project nor detailed descriptions of the geology and geomorphology of the California coastline are presented in this report. The reader is referred to the shoreline change report (Hapke et al., 2006) for this type of background information.
Cliff retreat evaluations are based on comparing one historical cliff edge digitized from maps, with a recent cliff edge interpreted from lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) topographic surveys. The historical cliff edges are from a period ranging from 1920-1930, whereas the lidar cliff edges are from either 1998 or 2002. Long-term (~70- year) rates of retreat are calculated using the two cliff edges. The rates of retreat presented in this report represent conditions from the 1930s to 1998, and are not intended for predicting future cliff edge positions or rates of retreat. Due to the geomorphology of much of California's rocky coast (high-relief, steep slopes with no defined cliff edge) as well as to gaps in both the historical maps and lidar data, we were able to derive two cliff edges and therefore calculate cliff retreat rates for a total of 353 km.
The average rate of coastal cliff retreat for the State of California was -0.3±0.2 m/yr, based on rates averaged from 17,653 individual transects measured throughout all areas of California's rocky coastline. The average amount of cliff retreat was 17.7 m over the 70-year time period of our analysis. Retreat rates were generally lowest in Southern California where coastal engineering projects have greatly altered the natural coastal system. California permits shoreline stabilization structures where homes, buildings or other community infrastructure are imminently threatened by erosion. While seawalls and/or riprap revetments have been constructed in all three sections of California, a larger proportion of the Southern California coast has been protected by engineering works, due, in part, to the larger population pressures in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071133","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., and Reid, D., 2007, National assessment of shoreline change, part 4: Historical coastal cliff retreat along the California coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1133, vi, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071133.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"57","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071133.jpg"},{"id":395504,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81260.htm"},{"id":9669,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293082,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1133/of2007-1133.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.78466796875,\n 32.63937487360669\n ],\n [\n -117.88330078125,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -121.2451171875,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -123.50830078125,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -123.72802734375,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.82666015624999,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -120.43212890625,\n 33.63291573870479\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -116.78466796875,\n 32.63937487360669\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":291258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, David","contributorId":63888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79946,"text":"ofr20071130 - 2007 - Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Lincoln County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"ofr20071130","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1130","title":"Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Lincoln County, Maine","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine Floodplain Management Program (MFMP) State Planning Office, began scoping work in 2006 for Lincoln County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Lincoln County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) database with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps in Lincoln County, Maine is at least 17 years. Many of these studies were published in the mid- to late-1980s, and some towns have partial maps that are more recent than their study. However, in the ensuing 15-20 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed with time. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights or flood mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I and the Maine Floodplain Management Program, State Planning Office","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., and Dudley, R.W., 2007, Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Lincoln County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1130, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071130.","productDescription":"111 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9666,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79944,"text":"ofr20071128 - 2007 - Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Hancock County, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:24","indexId":"ofr20071128","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1128","title":"Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Hancock County, Maine","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nThe Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) developed a plan in 1997 to modernize the FEMA flood mapping program. FEMA flood maps delineate flood hazard areas in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FEMA's plan outlined the steps necessary to update FEMA's flood maps for the nation to a seamless digital format and streamline FEMA's operations in raising public awareness of the importance of the maps and responding to requests to revise them. The modernization of flood maps involves conversion of existing information to digital format and integration of improved flood hazard data as needed. To determine flood mapping modernization needs, FEMA has established specific scoping activities to be done on a county-by-county basis for identifying and prioritizing requisite flood-mapping activities for map modernization. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with FEMA and the Maine Floodplain Management Program (MFMP) State Planning Office, began scoping work in 2006 for Hancock County. Scoping activities included assembling existing data and map needs information for communities in Hancock County, documentation of data, contacts, community meetings, and prioritized mapping needs in a final scoping report (this document), and updating the Mapping Needs Update Support System (MNUSS) database with information gathered during the scoping process.\r\n\r\nThe average age of the FEMA floodplain maps (all types) in Hancock County, Maine, is at least 19 years. Most of these studies were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and no study is more recent than 1992. Some towns have partial maps that are more recent than their study, indicating that the true average age of the data is probably more than 19 years. Since the studies were done, development has occurred in some of the watersheds and the characteristics of the watersheds have changed. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions or accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights or flood mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I and the Maine Floodplain Management Program, State Planning Office","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., and Dudley, R.W., 2007, Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Hancock County, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1128, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071128.","productDescription":"147 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9664,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79942,"text":"ofr20071144 - 2007 - Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications - Online Proceedings for the First International Workshop: Menlo Park, California, U.S.A.-September 18 to 19, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:30:51","indexId":"ofr20071144","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1144","title":"Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications - Online Proceedings for the First International Workshop: Menlo Park, California, U.S.A.-September 18 to 19, 2007","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071144","usgsCitation":"2007, Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications - Online Proceedings for the First International Workshop: Menlo Park, California, U.S.A.-September 18 to 19, 2007 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1144, Available Online Only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071144.","productDescription":"Available Online Only","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-09-18","temporalEnd":"2007-09-19","costCenters":[{"id":236,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9662,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b16e1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lee, William H. K. whklee@usgs.gov","contributorId":623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"whklee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730086,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":730087,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Todorovska, Maria I.","contributorId":41090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todorovska","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730088,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diggles, Michael F. 0000-0002-9946-0247 mdiggles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-0247","contributorId":810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"Michael","email":"mdiggles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5053,"text":"IPDS Training","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730089,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79939,"text":"ofr20071053 - 2007 - The Quality of Water and Bottom Material in Lunga Reservoir, Virginia, September 2004 through August 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr20071053","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1053","title":"The Quality of Water and Bottom Material in Lunga Reservoir, Virginia, September 2004 through August 2005","docAbstract":"Lunga Reservoir is on the U.S. Marine Corps Base in Quantico, which is in the Potomac River basin and the Piedmont Physiographic Province of northern Virginia. Because of the potential use of the reservoir for scuba-diver training and public water supply in addition to current recreational activities, the U.S. Marine Corps wanted to know more about the water quality of Lunga Reservoir and how it compared to Virginia Department of Environmental Quality and Virginia State Water Control Board ambient water-quality standards.\r\n\r\nWater samples and physical properties were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at 6 locations throughout Lunga Reservoir, and physical properties were collected at 11 additional locations in the reservoir from September 2004 through August 2005. Water samples for analysis of pesticides and bottom-material trace elements were collected once during the study at four of the sampling locations.\r\n\r\nWater temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, specific conductance, pH, and total chlorophyll concentration in Lunga Reservoir all had similar seasonal and spatial variations as in other lakes and reservoirs in this geographic region - thermal gradient in the summer and fall and isothermal conditions in the winter and early spring. Concentrations of water-quality indicators in Lunga Reservoir were within comparable levels of those in other reservoirs and did not violate the Virginia State Water Control Board standards for public water supplies.\r\n\r\nWater temperatures throughout Lunga Reservoir during the study period ranged from 4.4 to 30.1 degrees Celsius, well below the State Water Control Board maximum water temperature criteria of 32 degrees Celsius. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 14.1 milligrams per liter throughout the reservoir during the study period, but never fell below the State Water Control Board minimum dissolved-oxygen criterion of 4.0 milligrams per liter at the surface of Lunga Reservoir. Specific conductance throughout Lunga Reservoir ranged from 29 to 173 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius during the study period, with a mean specific conductance of 68 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius. Measurements of pH throughout the reservoir ranged from 4.8 to 7.6 standard units.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of chemical constituents analyzed in Lunga Reservoir samples were below any State Water Control Board criteria and generally were similar in concentration to the same chemical constituents in other reservoirs in the State. Four water samples were analyzed for 54 pesticides, and none of these pesticides were above the laboratory minimum reporting level.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071053","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Marine Corps, Quantico, Virginia","usgsCitation":"Lotspeich, R.R., 2007, The Quality of Water and Bottom Material in Lunga Reservoir, Virginia, September 2004 through August 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1053, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071053.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","temporalStart":"2004-09-01","temporalEnd":"2005-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9660,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lotspeich, Robert Russell 0000-0002-5572-9064 rlotspei@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-9064","contributorId":33404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lotspeich","given":"Robert","email":"rlotspei@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79936,"text":"ofr20071104 - 2007 - Seismotectonic Map of Afghanistan and Adjacent Areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr20071104","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1104","title":"Seismotectonic Map of Afghanistan and Adjacent Areas","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis map is part of an assessment of Afghanistan's geology, natural resources, and natural hazards. One of the natural hazards is from earthquake shaking. One of the tools required to address the shaking hazard is a probabilistic seismic-hazard map, which was made separately. The information on this seismotectonic map has been used in the design and computation of the hazard map.\r\n\r\nA seismotectonic map like this one shows geological, seismological, and other information that previously had been scattered among many sources. The compilation can show spatial relations that might not have been seen by comparing the original sources, and it can suggest hypotheses that might not have occurred to persons who studied those scattered sources. The main map shows faults and earthquakes of Afghanistan. Plate convergence drives the deformations that cause the earthquakes. Accordingly, smaller maps and text explain the modern plate-tectonic setting of Afghanistan and its evolution, and relate both to patterns of faults and earthquakes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071104","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Wheeler, R.L., and Rukstales, K.S., 2007, Seismotectonic Map of Afghanistan and Adjacent Areas (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1104, Map (48 x 36 inches); Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071104.","productDescription":"Map (48 x 36 inches); Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9657,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60,29 ], [ 60,39 ], [ 75,39 ], [ 75,29 ], [ 60,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79937,"text":"ofr20071145 - 2007 - Rotational Seismology Workshop of February 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:21","indexId":"ofr20071145","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1145","title":"Rotational Seismology Workshop of February 2006","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nA successful workshop titled 'Measuring the Rotation Effects of Strong Ground Motion' was held simultaneously in Menlo Park and Pasadena via video conference on 16 February 2006. The purpose of the Workshop and this Report are to summarize existing data and theory and to explore future challenges for rotational seismology, including free-field strong motion, structural strong motion, and teleseismic motions. We also forged a consensus on the plan of work to be pursued by this international group in the near term.\r\n\r\nAt this first workshop were 16 participants in Menlo Park, 13 in Pasadena, and a few on the telephone. It was organized by William H. K. Lee and John R. Evans and chaired by William U. Savage in Menlo Park and by Kenneth W. Hudnut in Pasadena. Its agenda is given in the Appendix.\r\n\r\nThis workshop and efforts in Europe led to the creation of the International Working Group on Rotational Seismology (IWGoRS), an international volunteer group providing forums for exchange of ideas and data as well as hosting a series of Workshops and Special Sessions.\r\n\r\nIWGoRS created a Web site, backed by an FTP site, for distribution of materials related to rotational seismology. At present, the FTP site contains the 2006 Workshop agenda (also given in the Appendix below) and its PowerPoint presentations, as well as many papers (reasonable-only basis with permission of their authors), a comprehensive citations list, and related information. Eventually, the Web site will become the sole authoritative source for IWGoRS and shared information:\r\nhttp://www.rotational-seismology.org\r\nftp://ehzftp.wr.usgs.gov/jrevans/IWGoRS_FTPsite/\r\n\r\nWith contributions from various authors during and after the 2006 Workshop, this Report proceeds from the theoretical bases for making rotational measurements (Graizer, Safak, Trifunac) through the available observations (Huang, Lee, Liu, Nigbor), proposed suites of measurements (Hudnut), a discussion of broadband teleseismic rotational seismology (Cochard, Igel, Schreiber, Teisseyre, Wassermann, Majewski), sensor-calibration issues (Evans, Hutt), and finally the summary and conclusions (Savage).\r\n\r\nAs a direct result of the 2006 Workshop and the formation of IWGoRS, we held a special session at the Fall 2006 AGU meeting (convened by H. Igel, W.H.K. Lee, and M.I. Todorovska). Currently, the first formal Workshop of the IWGoRS is being organized by W.H.K. Lee, M. Celebi, and M. I. Todorovska with sponsorship by the USGS and assistance from many others; this First International Workshop on Rotational Seismology and Engineering Applications will be held in September 2007 at Menlo Park, California (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1144/).\r\n\r\nThe following summarizes presentations and discussions during and shortly after the informal Workshop of February 2006.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071145","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.R., Cochard, A., Graizer, V., Huang, B., Hudnut, K.W., Hutt, C.R., Igel, H., Lee, W.H., Liu, C., Majewski, E., Nigbor, R., Safak, E., Savage, W.U., Schreiber, U., Teisseyre, R., Trifunac, M., Wassermann, J., and Wu, C., 2007, Rotational Seismology Workshop of February 2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1145, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071145.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":236,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9658,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b165a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochard, A.","contributorId":91195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochard","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graizer, Vladimir","contributorId":69670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graizer","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huang, Bor-Shouh","contributorId":71651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Bor-Shouh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Igel, H.","contributorId":66798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, William H.K.","contributorId":76836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Chun-Chi","contributorId":75240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Chun-Chi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Majewski, Eugeniusz","contributorId":108208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Eugeniusz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nigbor, Robert","contributorId":36244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nigbor","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":291224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Savage, William U. wusavage@usgs.gov","contributorId":2448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"wusavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schreiber, U.","contributorId":25655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Teisseyre, Roman","contributorId":6959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teisseyre","given":"Roman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Trifunac, Mihailo","contributorId":79976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trifunac","given":"Mihailo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wassermann, J.","contributorId":31486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassermann","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wu, Chien-Fu","contributorId":62302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Chien-Fu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":79931,"text":"ofr20071051 - 2007 - Topobathymetric data for Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-06T14:57:48.064263","indexId":"ofr20071051","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1051","title":"Topobathymetric data for Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Topobathymetric data (“topobathy”) are a merged rendering of both topography (land elevation) and bathymetry (water depth) to provide a single product useful for inundation mapping and a variety of other applications. These data were developed using one topographic and two bathymetric datasets collected at different dates. Topography was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED). Bathymetry was provided by NOAA's GEOphysical DAta System (GEODAS). For several nearshore areas within the bay GEODAS data were replaced with high resolution bathymetry acquired by NASA's Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071051","usgsCitation":"Tyler, D.J., Zawada, D., Nayegandi, A., Brock, J., Crane, M., Yates, K.K., and Smith, K.E., 2007, Topobathymetric data for Tampa Bay, Florida (Originally posted May 2007; Revised August 2, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1051, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071051.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20071051.gif"},{"id":295068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1051/pdf/OF07-1051_508.pdf"},{"id":9650,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.86749999999999,27.5 ], [ -82.86749999999999,28.034166666666668 ], [ -82.36749999999999,28.034166666666668 ], [ -82.36749999999999,27.5 ], [ -82.86749999999999,27.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Originally posted May 2007; Revised August 2, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyler, Dean J. 0000-0002-1542-7539 dtyler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-7539","contributorId":4268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyler","given":"Dean","email":"dtyler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zawada, David G. 0000-0003-4547-4878 dzawada@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-4878","contributorId":1898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawada","given":"David G.","email":"dzawada@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nayegandi, A.","contributorId":44626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crane, M.P.","contributorId":78019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E. L. kelsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":3242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn","email":"kelsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":79930,"text":"ofr20071132 - 2007 - Mercury at the Oat Hill Extension Mine and James Creek, Napa County, California: Tailings, sediment, water, and biota, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T14:57:24.410989","indexId":"ofr20071132","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1132","title":"Mercury at the Oat Hill Extension Mine and James Creek, Napa County, California: Tailings, sediment, water, and biota, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"The Oat Hill Extension (OHE) Mine is one of several mercury mines located in the James Creek/Pope Creek watershed that produced mercury from the 1870's until 1944 (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1965). The OHE Mine developed veins and mineralized fault zones hosted in sandstone that extended eastward from the Oat Hill Mine. Waste material from the Oat Hill Mine was reprocessed at the OHE Mine using gravity separation methods to obtain cinnabar concentrates that were processed in a retort. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management requested that the U.S. Geological Survey measure and characterize mercury and other chemical constituents that are potentially relevant to ecological impairment of biota in tailings, sediment, and water at the OHE Mine and in the tributaries of James Creek that drain the mine area (termed Drainage A and B) (Figs. 1 and 2). This report summarizes such data obtained from sampling of tailings and sediments at the OHE on October 17, 2003; water, sediment, and biota from James Creek on May 20, 2004; and biota on October 29, 2004. These data are interpreted to provide a preliminary assessment of the potential ecological impact of the mine on the James Creek watershed.
The mine tailings are unusual in that they have not been roasted and contain relatively high concentrations of mercury (400 to 1200 ppm) compared to unroasted waste rock at other mines. These tailings have contaminated a tributary to James Creek with mercury primarily by erosion, on the basis of higher concentration of mercury (780 ng/L) measured in unfiltered (total mercury, HgT) spring water flowing from the OHE to James Creek compared to 5 to 14 ng/L HgT measured in James Creek itself. Tailing piles (presumably from past Oat Hill mine dumping) near the USBLM property boundary and upstream of the main OHE mine drainage channel (Drainage A; Fig. 2) also likely emit mercury, on the basis of their mercury composition (930 to 1200 ppm). The OHE spring water is likely an appreciable source of sulfate and carbonate to James Creek, because the spring water was enriched in sulfate (130 mg/L) and carbonate (430 mg/L as CaCO3) compared to James Creek water (70 to 100 mg/L SO42- and 110 to 170 mg/L as CaCO3) at the time of sampling. Concentrations of mercury in active channel sediment from James Creek are variable and potentially high, on the basis of chemical analysis (2.5 to 17 _g/g-wet sediment) and easily visible cinnabar grains in panned concentrates.
Average (geometric mean) organic mercury (presumably monomethyl mercury (MMHg); §2.3.3) concentrations in several invertebrate taxa collected from the James Creek watershed locations were higher than invertebrates taken from a Northern California location lacking a known point source of mercury. The mean proportion of MMHg to total mercury in James Creek predatory insect samples was 40 percent (1 standard deviation = 30 percent); only 40 percent of all insect samples had a MMHg/HgT proportion greater than 0.5. The low proportions of MMHg measured in invertebrates in James Creek and the presence of cinnabar in the creek suggest that some invertebrates may have anomolously high Hg concentrations as a result of the injestion or adhesion of extremely fine-grained cinnabar particles.
Interpretation of HgT in frogs and fish as an indicator of mercury reactivity, biouptake, or trophic transfer is limited, pending MMHg measuremens, by the possibility of these whole-body samples having contained cinnabar particles at the time of analysis. To minimize this limitation, the gastrointestinal tracts and external surfaces of all amphibians, where cinnabar most likely resides, were carefully flushed to remove any visible particles. However, extremely fine-grained, invisible, adhesive cinnabar particles likely exist in the amphibians' habitats.
HgT in foothill yellow-legged frogs collected from the James Creek study area, ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 μg/g Hg, was on average twice that of an extensive database compiled from HgT in frogs studied throughout Northern California. Average concentrations of HgT in frogs from James Creek were similar upstream (0.18 μg/g) and downstream (0.15 μg/g) of the confluence with Tributary 1 and at the lower Corona Mine adit drainage (0.14 μg/g). Frogs may be susceptible to trophic transfer of MMHg from invertebrates, but further study is required to rule out cinnabar ‘contamination.’
HgT concentrations in rainbow trout collected from James Creek upstream and downstream of Tributary 1 averaged 0.10 μg/g and 0.13 μg/g, respectively. Compared to invertebrates, trout HgT was less variable, suggesting that trout were less contaminated with cinnabar. California roach had significantly higher HgT on average than trout (0.16 vs. 0.12 μg/g), and can be considered moderately contaminated compared to the same species from other sites in Northern California, which average 0.12 μg/g Hg.
While limited measurements of mercury in water, sediment, and fish exceed, in some samples, predefined ecologically protective criteria for mine-impacted California systems, they do not clearly demonstrate that the biota residing in James Creek in the vicinity of the OHE are ecologically impaired. The potential for ecological impairment is clearly evident from invertebrate methyl mercury results and may manifest in other biological ecosystem residents that have yet to be studied (e.g., piscivorous birds). Methyl mercury concentrations in flowing water and sediment from James Creek and the tributary that drains the OHE are relatively low, ranging from 0.04 to 0.08 ng/L, although these data should be cautiously interpreted (see §3.2).
While the results of this investigation suggest that the OHE contributes inorganic mercury to James Creek, they do not indicate the extent to which the OHE site is ecologically impairing biota relative to other sources of mercury. Improved sampling and analytical methods are recommended for future study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071132","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A.J., Rytuba, J.J., Hothem, R.L., and May, J., 2007, Mercury at the Oat Hill Extension Mine and James Creek, Napa County, California: Tailings, sediment, water, and biota, 2003-2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1132, vii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071132.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403751,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81242.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":9649,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1132/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa County","otherGeospatial":"Oak Hill Extension Mine and James Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.5444,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.6667\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 38.6833\n ],\n [\n -122.5444,\n 38.6833\n ],\n [\n -122.5444,\n 38.6667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, Aaron J.","contributorId":30706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79928,"text":"ofr20071026 - 2007 - Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey 2004 Mercury Workshop - Mercury research and its relation to Department of the Interior resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:26:08","indexId":"ofr20071026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1026","title":"Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey 2004 Mercury Workshop - Mercury research and its relation to Department of the Interior resource management","docAbstract":"As part of the Department of the Interior (DOI) program Science on the DOI Landscape Initiative, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Eastern Region, held a workshop during August 17–18, 2004, in Reston, VA, on mercury in the environment as it relates to DOI resource management. DOI bureaus manage millions of acres of land and offshore resources subject to mercury deposition and to the effects of mercury on ecosystems and human health. The goals of the workshop were to (1) summarize information on mercury sources and cycling on DOI lands in the eastern United States, (2) learn the perspectives of the DOI bureaus regarding mercury on DOI lands, (3) provide information to DOI land managers about monitoring mercury and minimizing mercury accumulation in wildlife and humans, and (4) consider future directions for mercury monitoring and research on DOI lands.
The workshop focused on mercury research as it relates to DOI resource-management issues primarily in the eastern part of the United States (east of the Mississippi River). Topics included the influence of ecosystem setting on mercury biogeochemical transformation, land- and air-management practices as they affect mercury in the environment, mercury source issues, and effects of mercury on humans and wildlife. Mercury research topics were addressed by 24 invited oral presentations and 30 contributed posters. The perspectives of the DOI bureaus and land managers were addressed through a panel of scientists from the DOI resource-management bureaus and a Chippewa Indian Tribe of Minnesota. Discussion at the conclusion of the workshop was directed toward goals and long-term strategies for mercury research that will benefit DOI resource management. The panel, presentations, and discussions were videotaped and are available at the following URL, along with the slides presented: http://www.usgs.gov/mercury/2004workshop/ Abstracts from the presentations and posters are included in this report, together with summaries of each presentation session.
The abstracts in this volume that were written by U.S. Geological Survey authors were reviewed and approved for publication by the Survey. Abstracts submitted by researchers from academia and from state and other federal agencies are published as part of these proceedings, but do not necessarily reflect the Survey’s policies and views. The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071026","usgsCitation":"2007, Proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey 2004 Mercury Workshop - Mercury research and its relation to Department of the Interior resource management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1026, Report: viii, 25 p.; Slides & Video Recordings, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 25 p.; Slides & Video Recordings","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9647,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a3cf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686912,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79929,"text":"ofr20071038 - 2007 - Water-Use Estimates for West Virginia, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20071038","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1038","title":"Water-Use Estimates for West Virginia, 2004","docAbstract":"This study estimates the quantity of surface water and ground water used within West Virginia. About 4,787 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn from West Virginia surface-water and ground-water sources in 2004, with about 4,641 Mgal/d (97 percent) from surface-water sources and about 146 Mgal/d (3 percent) from ground water sources. The largest surface-water withdrawals were in Grant and Mason Counties and were about 1,156 and 1,090 Mgal/d, respectively. The largest ground-water withdrawals were in Berkeley and Wood Counties and were about 12.0 and 12.8 Mgal/d, respectively.\r\n\r\nEstimates were determined for surface-water and ground-water withdrawals in seven water-use categories: public supply, domestic, thermoelectric power, industrial, irrigation, commercial, and mining. Instream water uses, including hydroelectric power generation, were not considered. Total withdrawals for public supply were 189 Mgal/d, of which 152 Mgal/d were from surface-water sources and 37 Mgal/d were from ground-water sources. Kanawha County withdrew 34 Mgal/d of surface water for public supply, which is more than any other county in the state. Wood County withdrew more ground water for public supply than any other county in the state, about 7.59 Mgal/d. The total domestic (non-publicly supplied) water withdrawal was estimated at 33.5 Mgal/d, with 98 percent from ground water and 2 percent from surface water. There were 17 fossil-fuel, steam-generating thermoelectric power plants operated in the state, 10 plants with once-through cooling systems and 7 plants with recirculation cooling systems. Thermoelectric power used the greatest amount of water compared to the other water-use categories, and water withdrawal from surface-water sources was about 3,406 Mgal/d for plants with once-through cooling systems and about 145 Mgal/d for plants with recirculation cooling systems. Only a trace of water was withdrawn from ground-water sources for plants with once-through cooling systems and about 0.20 Mgal/d for plants with recirculation cooling systems. Water withdrawal by industries was about 911 Mgal/d from surface-water sources and about 54 Mgal/d from ground-water sources. West Virginia had the lowest estimated irrigation of any state or territory of the United States, with only about 0.036 Mgal/d withdrawn from surface-water sources and 0.036 Mgal/d withdrawn from ground-water sources. Water withdrawal for commercial use was about 16.7 Mgal/d from surface-water sources and about 16.0 Mgal/d from ground-water sources. Water withdrawal for mining was about 9.78 Mgal/d from surface-water sources and about 4.89 Mgal/d from ground-water sources.\r\n\r\nThe proportions of surface-water and ground-water withdrawals were similar in 1995 and 2004 (at about 3 percent ground water). Public-supply withdrawal for 2004 was about the same as for 2000 and 7 percent greater than the 1995 estimate. Domestic withdrawal for 2004 was about 18 percent less than the 1995 estimate. Withdrawal for thermoelectric power for 2004 was about 10 percent less than the 2000 estimate and about 18 percent greater than the 1995 estimate. Industrial withdrawal for 2004 was about 27 percent less than the estimate for 1995 and about the same as the estimate for 2000. Irrigation withdrawal for 2004 was about double that estimated for 2000. Commercial withdrawal for 2004 was down 28 percent from 1995. Mining withdrawals for 2004 were about 31 and 32 percent greater for surface and ground water, respectively, than estimates for 1995.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071038","collaboration":"In cooperation with West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Atkins, J.T., 2007, Water-Use Estimates for West Virginia, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1038, v, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071038.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9648,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1038/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83,36 ], [ -83,41 ], [ -77,41 ], [ -77,36 ], [ -83,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478de4b07f02db488f90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkins, John T. jtatkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"John","email":"jtatkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79904,"text":"ofr20071114 - 2007 - Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 2002-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T11:39:16.344255","indexId":"ofr20071114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1114","title":"Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 2002-2006","docAbstract":"Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and Sutton, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). Compilations of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 2001 are available on the web. (Elias and others, 1998 and 2002). This report updates the database through 2006, and documents the changes in data collection and processing that have occurred during the interval 2002-2006. During the period covered by this report, Kilauea continued to release SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and others, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). These two distinct sources are always measured independently (fig.1). Sulphur Banks is a minor source of SO2 and does not contribute significantly to the total emissions for Kilauea (Stoiber and Malone, 1975). From 1979 until 2003, summit and east rift zone emission rates were derived using vehicle- and tripod- based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements. In late 2003, we began to augment traditional COSPEC measurements with data from one of the new generation of miniature spectrometer systems, the FLYSPEC (Horton and others, 2006; Elias and others, 2006, Williams-Jones and others, 2006).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071114","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J., 2007, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 2002-2006 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1114, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071114.","productDescription":"37 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9627,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389009,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81208.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79902,"text":"ofr20071115 - 2007 - Major Crustal Fault Zone Trends and Their Relation to Mineral Belts in the North-Central Great Basin, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:05","indexId":"ofr20071115","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1115","title":"Major Crustal Fault Zone Trends and Their Relation to Mineral Belts in the North-Central Great Basin, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Great Basin physiographic province covers a large part of the western United States and contains one of the world's leading gold-producing areas, the Carlin Trend. In the Great Basin, many sedimentary-rock-hosted disseminated gold deposits occur along such linear mineral-occurrence trends. The distribution and genesis of these deposits is not fully understood, but most models indicate that regional tectonic structures play an important role in their spatial distribution. Over 100 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings were acquired between 1994 and 2001 by the U.S. Geological Survey to investigate crustal structures that may underlie the linear trends in north-central Nevada. MT sounding data were used to map changes in electrical resistivity as a function of depth that are related to subsurface lithologic and structural variations. Two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity modeling of the MT data reveals primarily northerly and northeasterly trending narrow 2-D conductors (1 to 30 ohm-m) extending to mid-crustal depths (5-20 km) that are interpreted to be major crustal fault zones. There are also a few westerly and northwesterly trending 2-D conductors. However, the great majority of the inferred crustal fault zones mapped using MT are perpendicular or oblique to the generally accepted trends. The correlation of strike of three crustal fault zones with the strike of the Carlin and Getchell trends and the Alligator Ridge district suggests they may have been the root fluid flow pathways that fed faults and fracture networks at shallower levels where gold precipitated in favorable host rocks. The abundant northeasterly crustal structures that do not correlate with the major trends may be structures that are open to fluid flow at the present time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071115","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., Sampson, J.A., and Williams, J.M., 2007, Major Crustal Fault Zone Trends and Their Relation to Mineral Belts in the North-Central Great Basin, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1115, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071115.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sampson, Jay A.","contributorId":13939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampson","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79903,"text":"ofr20071036 - 2007 - Flood of April 2-3, 2005, Esopus Creek Basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:19","indexId":"ofr20071036","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1036","title":"Flood of April 2-3, 2005, Esopus Creek Basin, New York","docAbstract":"On April 2-3, 2005, heavy rain moved into southern New York and delivered rainfall amounts that ranged from about 2 in. to almost 6 in. within a 36-hour period. Significant flooding occurred on many small streams and tributaries in the area, and extensive flooding occurred on the Esopus and Roundout Creeks in Ulster and Greene Counties, New York. The flooding damaged many homes, caused millions of dollars worth of damage, and forced hundreds of residents to evacuate their homes. A total of 20 New York counties were declared Federal disaster areas.\r\n\r\nDisaster recovery assistance for those people affected stands at almost $35 million, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as more than 3,400 New Yorkers registered for Federal aid. U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging stations on the Esopus Creek above the Ashokan Reservoir at Allaben, N.Y., and below the Ashokan Reservoir at Mount Marion, N.Y., each recorded a new record maximum water-surface elevation and discharge for the respective periods of record as a result of this storm. The peak water-surface elevation and discharge recorded during the April 2-3, 2005, storm at the U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging station on the Esopus Creek at Cold Brook, N.Y. were the third highest elevation and discharge since the station was put into operation in 1914. Most of the study sites along the Esopus Creek indicated water-surface elevations near the 50-year flood elevations, as documented in flood-insurance studies by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Suro, T.P., and Firda, G.D., 2007, Flood of April 2-3, 2005, Esopus Creek Basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1036, vi, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071036.","productDescription":"vi, 87 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9626,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1036/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suro, Thomas P. 0000-0002-9476-6829 tsuro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6829","contributorId":2841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suro","given":"Thomas","email":"tsuro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79906,"text":"ofr20071099 - 2007 - Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data Fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:15","indexId":"ofr20071099","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1099","title":"Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data Fields","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis document describes the data fields that are used for both field forms and the Ethiopian National Ground-water Database (ENGDA) tables associated with information stored about production wells, springs, test holes, test wells, and water level or water-quality observation wells. Several different words are used in this database dictionary and in the ENGDA database to describe a narrow shaft constructed in the ground. The most general term is borehole, which is applicable to any type of hole. A well is a borehole specifically constructed to extract water from the ground; however, for this data dictionary and for the ENGDA database, the words well and borehole are used interchangeably. A production well is defined as any well used for water supply and includes hand-dug wells, small-diameter bored wells equipped with hand pumps, or large-diameter bored wells equipped with large-capacity motorized pumps. Test holes are borings made to collect information about the subsurface with continuous core or non-continuous core and/or where geophysical logs are collected. Test holes are not converted into wells. A test well is a well constructed for hydraulic testing of an aquifer in order to plan a larger ground-water production system. A water-level or water-quality observation well is a well that is used to collect information about an aquifer and not used for water supply. A spring is any naturally flowing, local, ground-water discharge site.\r\n\r\nThe database dictionary is designed to help define all fields on both field data collection forms (provided in attachment 2 of this report) and for the ENGDA software screen entry forms (described in Litke, 2007). The data entered into each screen entry field are stored in relational database tables within the computer database. The organization of the database dictionary is designed based on field data collection and the field forms, because this is what the majority of people will use. After each field, however, the ENGDA database field name and relational database table is designated; along with the ENGDA screen entry form(s) and the ENGDA field form (attachment 2).\r\n\r\nThe database dictionary is separated into sections. The first section, Basic Site Data Fields, describes the basic site information that is similar for all of the different types of sites. The remaining sections may be applicable for only one type of site; for example, the Well Drilling and Construction Data Fields and Lithologic Description Data Fields are applicable to boreholes and not to springs. Attachment 1 contains a table for conversion from English to metric units. Attachment 2 contains selected field forms used in conjunction with ENGDA.\r\n\r\nA separate document, 'Users Reference Manual for the Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA),' by David W. Litke was developed as a users guide for the computer database and screen entry. This database dictionary serves as a reference for both the field forms and the computer database. Every effort has been made to have identical field names between the field forms and the screen entry forms in order to avoid confusion.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071099","collaboration":"Funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., Litke, D.W., and Tucci, P., 2007, Database Dictionary for Ethiopian National Ground-Water DAtabase (ENGDA) Data Fields: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1099, vi, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071099.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, David W.","contributorId":19145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79925,"text":"ofr20071095 - 2007 - Mineralogy from Cores in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"ofr20071095","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1095","title":"Mineralogy from Cores in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado","docAbstract":"In the late nineteenth century, San Juan County, Colorado, was the center of a metal mining boom in the San Juan Mountains. Although most mining activity ceased by the 1990s, the effects of historical mining continue to contribute metals to ground water and surface water. Previous research by the U.S. Geological Survey identified ground-water discharge as a significant pathway for the loading of metals to surface water from both acid-mine drainage and acid-rock drainage. In an effort to understand the ground-water flow system in the upper Animas River watershed, Prospect Gulch was selected for further study because of the amount of previous data provided in and around that particular watershed. In support of this ground-water research effort, data was collected from drill core, which included: (1) detailed descriptions of the subsurface geology and hydrothermal alteration patterns, (2) depth of sulfide oxidation, and (3) quantitative mineralogy.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071095","usgsCitation":"Bove, D.J., Johnson, R.H., and Yager, D.B., 2007, Mineralogy from Cores in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1095, iv, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071095.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48ece4b07f02db556313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bove, Dana J. dbove@usgs.gov","contributorId":4855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"Dana","email":"dbove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79907,"text":"ofr20071108 - 2007 - Debris flows and record floods from extreme mesoscale convective thunderstorms over the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T15:06:12.577427","indexId":"ofr20071108","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1108","displayTitle":"Debris Flows and Record Floods from Extreme Mesoscale Convective Thunderstorms over the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona","title":"Debris flows and record floods from extreme mesoscale convective thunderstorms over the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"Ample geologic evidence indicates early Holocene and Pleistocene debris flows from the south side of the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, Arizona, but few records document historical events. On July 31, 2006, an unusual set of atmospheric conditions aligned to produce record floods and an unprecedented number of debris flows in the Santa Catalinas. During the week prior to the event, an upper-level area of low pressure centered near Albuquerque, New Mexico generated widespread heavy rainfall in southern Arizona. After midnight on July 31, a strong complex of thunderstorms developed over central Arizona in a deformation zone that formed on the back side of the upper-level low. High atmospheric moisture (2.00' of precipitable water) coupled with cooling aloft spawned a mesoscale thunderstorm complex that moved southeast into the Tucson basin. A 15-20 knot low-level southwesterly wind developed with a significant upslope component over the south face of the Santa Catalina Mountains advecting moist and unstable air into the merging storms. National Weather Service radar indicated that a swath of 3-6' of rainfall occurred over the lower and middle elevations of the southern Santa Catalina Mountains. This intense rain falling on saturated soil triggered over 250 hillslope failures and debris flows throughout the mountain range. Sabino Canyon, a heavily used recreation area administered by the U.S. Forest Service, was the epicenter of mass wasting, where at least 18 debris flows removed structures, destroyed the roadway in multiple locations, and closed public access for months. The debris flows were followed by streamflow floods which eclipsed the record discharge in the 75-year gaging record of Sabino Creek. In five canyons adjacent to Sabino Canyon, debris flows approached or excited the mountain front, compromising floow conveyance structures and flooding some homes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071108","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Shoemaker, C., Webb, R., Schaffner, M., Griffiths, P.G., and Pytlak, E., 2007, Debris flows and record floods from extreme mesoscale convective thunderstorms over the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1108, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071108.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9630,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Santa Catalina Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.434326171875,\n 32.04998888314202\n ],\n [\n -109.48974609375,\n 32.04998888314202\n ],\n [\n -109.48974609375,\n 33.422272258866045\n ],\n [\n -111.434326171875,\n 33.422272258866045\n ],\n [\n -111.434326171875,\n 32.04998888314202\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, Craig","contributorId":102591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":291129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaffner, Mike","contributorId":22452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffner","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pytlak, Erik","contributorId":103373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pytlak","given":"Erik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":79900,"text":"ofr20071126 - 2007 - Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples from the Sleetmute 1:250,000-Scale Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:44","indexId":"ofr20071126","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1126","title":"Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples from the Sleetmute 1:250,000-Scale Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report consists of geochemical data for rock samples collected in the Sleetmute 1:250,000-scale quadrangle by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1993 and 1999. Data were primarily used to conduct a mineral resource assessment of this quadrangle. The analytical results are presented here as digital tabular data with no interpretation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071126","usgsCitation":"Klimasauskas, E.P., Miller, M.L., and Keith, W.J., 2007, Major- and Trace-Element Concentrations in Rock Samples from the Sleetmute 1:250,000-Scale Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1126, Report: iv, 7 p.; Metadata; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071126.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 7 p.; Metadata; Data Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1126/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159,60 ], [ -159,62 ], [ -156,62 ], [ -156,60 ], [ -159,60 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klimasauskas, Edward P.","contributorId":80366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klimasauskas","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, William J.","contributorId":21146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79911,"text":"ofr20071119 - 2007 - Rock-Bound Arsenic Influences Ground Water and Sediment Chemistry Throughout New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:26:55","indexId":"ofr20071119","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1119","title":"Rock-Bound Arsenic Influences Ground Water and Sediment Chemistry Throughout New England","docAbstract":"The information in this report was presented at the Northeastern Region Geological Society of America meeting held March 11-14, 2007, in Durham, New Hampshire.\r\n\r\nIn the New England crystalline bedrock aquifer, concentrations of arsenic that exceed the drinking water standard of 10 ?g/L occur most frequently in ground water from wells sited in specific metamorphic and igneous rock units. Geochemical investigations indicate that these geologic units typically have moderately elevated whole-rock concentrations of arsenic compared to other rocks in the region. The distribution of ground water wells with As > 5 ?g/L has a strong spatial correlation with specific bedrock units where average whole-rock concentrations of arsenic exceed 1.1 mg/kg and where geologic and geochemical factors produce high pH ground water. Arsenic concentrations in stream sediments collected from small drainages reflect the regional distribution of this natural arsenic source and have a strong correlation with both rock chemistry and the distribution of bedrock units with elevated arsenic chemistry. The distribution of ground water wells with As > 5 ?g/L has a strong spatial correlation with the distribution of stream sediments where concentrations of arsenic exceed 6 mg/kg. Stream sediment chemistry also has a weak correlation with the distribution of agricultural lands where arsenical pesticides were used on apple, blueberry, and potato crops. Elevated arsenic concentrations in bedrock wells, however, do not correlate with agricultural areas where arsenical pesticides were used. These results indicate that both stream sediment chemistry and the solubility and mobility of arsenic in ground water in bedrock are influenced by host-rock arsenic concentrations. Stream sediment chemistry and the distribution of geologic units have been found to be useful parameters to predict the areas of greatest concern for elevated arsenic in ground water and to estimate the likely levels of human exposure to elevated arsenic in drinking water in New England. However, the extreme local variability of arsenic concentrations in ground water from these rock sources indicate that arsenic concentrations in ground water are affected by other factors in addition to arsenic concentrations in rock.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071119","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., and Ayotte, J., 2007, Rock-Bound Arsenic Influences Ground Water and Sediment Chemistry Throughout New England: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1119, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071119.","productDescription":"18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9632,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1119/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fe6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79905,"text":"ofr20061117 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Activities in the Exploration of Antarctica: Introduction to Antarctica (Including USGS Field Personnel: 1946-59)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T18:29:18","indexId":"ofr20061117","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1117","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Activities in the Exploration of Antarctica: Introduction to Antarctica (Including USGS Field Personnel: 1946-59)","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\n\nAntarctica is the planet's fifth largest continent [13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2)]; it contains the Earth's largest (of two) remaining ice sheets; it is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth.\n\nThis report is the introduction to a series that covers 60 years of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientific activity in Antarctica. It will concentrate primarily on three major topics:\n1) a brief chronological record of the historical search, discovery, and exploration of the southern continent by humans;\n2) early USGS scientific activities in Antarctica, listing expeditions, projects, people and resulting professional publications for Operation Highjump, 1946-47; Operation Windmill, 1947-48; USS Atka Reconnaissance Cruise, 1954-55; and Operation Deep Freeze I, II, III, and IV, 1955-59, including IGY;\n3) significant changes that have occurred in Antarctic exploration and research since World War II will be discussed at the end of this report.\n\nSubsequent Open-File Reports will provide a year-by-year documentation of USGS scientific activities and accomplishments in Antarctica beginning with the post-IGY, 1959-60 research team. One Open-File Report is planned to be written for each field-based season. For an example of the series format, see Open-File Reports 2006-1113 (Meunier, 2007a) and 2006-1114 (Meunier, 2007b). This report is a companion document to Open-File Report 2006-1116 (Meunier, 2007c).\n\nThe USGS mapping and science programs in Antarctica are among the longest continuously funded projects in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). The 2005-06 field season is the 56th consecutive U.S. expedition in which USGS scientists have been participants, starting in 1946. USGS and the National Science Foundation (NSF) cooperation began with the establishment by NSF of the U.S. Antarctic (Research) Program [USA(R)P] in 1958-59 under Operation Deep Freeze IV (DF IV) and was given the responsibility for the principal coordination and management of all U.S. scientific activities in Antarctica in Deep Freeze 60 (DF 60) (1959-60). Financial support from NSF, mostly in the form of Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) and Cooperative Agreements, extends back to this period and can be attributed to the need for accurate geologic, geophysical, and topographic base maps of specific field areas or regions where NSF-funded science projects were planned. The epoch of Antarctic exploration during the IGY was driven by science and, in a spirit of peaceful cooperation, the international scientific community wanted to limit military activities on the continent to logistical support (Meunier, 1979 [2007], p. 38).\n\nThe USGS, a Federal civilian science agency in the Department of the Interior, has, since its founding in 1879, carried out numerous field-based national (and some international) programs in biology, geology, geophysics, hydrology, and mapping. Therefore, the USGS was the obvious choice for these tasks, because it already had a professional staff of experienced mapmakers, scientists, and program managers with the foresight, dedication, and understanding of the need for accurate maps to support the science programs in Antarctica when asked to do so by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Public Laws 85-743 and 87-626, signed in August 1958, and in September 1962, respectively, authorized the Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior, through the USGS, to support mapping and scientific work in Antarctica (Meunier, 1979 [2007], appendix A).\n\nOpen-File Report 2006-1116 includes scanned facsimiles of postal cachets. It has become an international practice to create postal cachets to commemorate special events and projects in Antarctica. A cachet is defined as a seal or commemorative design printed or stamped on an envelope to mark a philatelic or special event. The inked impression illustrates to the scientist, historian, stamp collector, and general public the multidisciplinary science projects staffed by USGS and collaborating scientists during the field season. Since 1960, philatelic cachets have been created by team members for each USGS field season and, in most cases, these cachets depict the specific geographic areas and field season program objectives. The cachets become a convenient documentation of the people, projects, and geographic places of interest for that year. Because the cachets are representative of USGS activities, each year's cachet is included as a digital facsimile in that year's Open-File Report. In the 1980s, multiple USGS cachets were prepared each year, one for use by the winter team at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and the other for the project work areas of the austral summer field season programs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Activities in the Exploration of Antarctica: Introduction to Antarctica (Including USGS Field Personnel: 1946-59): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1117, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061117.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061117.PNG"},{"id":280817,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1117/pdf/2006-1117.pdf"},{"id":9628,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612f6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":83859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744911,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744912,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}