Documenting how different regions across a species' breeding and nonbreeding range are linked via migratory movements is the first step in understanding how events in one region can influence events in others and is critical to identifying conservation threats throughout a migratory animal's annual cycle. We combined two studies that evaluated migratory connectivity in the Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), one using mitochondrial DNA sequences from 172 flycatchers sampled throughout their winter range, and another which examined morphological characteristics of 68 museum specimens collected in the winter range. Our results indicate that the four subspecies occupy distinct but overlapping regions of the winter range. Connectivity between specific breeding and winter grounds appears to be moderate to strong, with distributions that suggest migration patterns of both the chain and leap-frog types connecting the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. The Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica appear to be a key winter location for the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (E. t. extimus), although other countries in Central America may also be important for the subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1525/cond.2011.090200","usgsCitation":"Paxton, E.H., Unitt, P., Sogge, M.K., Whitfield, M., and Keim, P., 2011, Winter distribution of willow flycatcher subspecies: The Condor, v. 113, no. 3, p. 608-618, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090200.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"608","endPage":"618","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.090200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd145e4b08c986b32f320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unitt, Philip","contributorId":11761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unitt","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitfield, Mary","contributorId":20070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keim, Paul","contributorId":93010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keim","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":352622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003579,"text":"70003579 - 2011 - Wind Turbines as Landscape Impediments to the Migratory Connectivity of Bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-21T00:10:15","indexId":"70003579","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T16:01:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1545,"text":"Environmental Law","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wind Turbines as Landscape Impediments to the Migratory Connectivity of Bats","docAbstract":"Unprecedented numbers of migratory bats are found dead beneath industrial-scale wind turbines during late summer and autumn in both North America and Europe. Prior to the wide-scale deployment of wind turbines, fatal collisions of migratory bats with anthropogenic structures were rarely reported and likely occurred very infrequently. There are no other well-documented threats to populations of migratory tree bats that cause mortality of similar magnitude to that observed at wind turbines. Just three migratory species comprise the vast majority of bat kills at turbines in North America and there are indications that turbines may actually attract migrating individuals toward their blades. Although fatality of certain migratory species is consistent in occurrence across large geographic regions, fatality rates differ across sites for reasons mostly unknown. Cumulative fatality for turbines in North America might already range into the hundreds of thousands of bats per year. Research into the causes of bat fatalities at wind turbines can ascertain the scale of the problem and help identify solutions. None of the migratory bats known to be most affected by wind turbines are protected by conservation laws, nor is there a legal mandate driving research into the problem or implementation of potential solutions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Law","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis & Clark Law School","publisherLocation":"Portland Oregon","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P., 2011, Wind Turbines as Landscape Impediments to the Migratory Connectivity of Bats: Environmental Law, v. 41, p. 355-370.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"370","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115829,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.lclark.edu/live/files/8520-412cryan","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd11ce4b08c986b32f235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":99685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007092,"text":"70007092 - 2011 - Wildlife conservation and solar energy development in the Desert Southwest, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T17:04:11.316692","indexId":"70007092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife conservation and solar energy development in the Desert Southwest, United States","docAbstract":"Large areas of public land are currently being permitted or evaluated for utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) in the southwestern United States, including areas with high biodiversity and protected species. However, peer-reviewed studies of the effects of USSED on wildlife are lacking. The potential effects of the construction and the eventual decommissioning of solar energy facilities include the direct mortality of wildlife; environmental impacts of fugitive dust and dust suppressants; destruction and modification of habitat, including the impacts of roads; and off-site impacts related to construction material acquisition, processing, and transportation. The potential effects of the operation and maintenance of the facilities include habitat fragmentation and barriers to gene flow, increased noise, electromagnetic field generation, microclimate alteration, pollution, water consumption, and fire. Facility design effects, the efficacy of site-selection criteria, and the cumulative effects of USSED on regional wildlife populations are unknown. Currently available peer-reviewed data are insufficient to allow a rigorous assessment of the impact of USSED on wildlife.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Josua R.","contributorId":92799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennen","given":"Josua","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004996,"text":"70004996 - 2011 - Wildfires alter rodent community structure across four vegetation types in southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-21T00:10:15","indexId":"70004996","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfires alter rodent community structure across four vegetation types in southern California, USA","docAbstract":"We surveyed burned and unburned plots across four habitat reserves in San Diego County, California, USA, in 2005 and 2006, to assess the effects of the 2003 wildfires on the community structure and relative abundance of rodent species. The reserves each contained multiple vegetation types (coastal sage scrub, chaparral, woodland, and grassland) and spanned from 250 m to 1078 m in elevation. Multivariate analyses revealed a more simplified rodent community structure in all burned habitats in comparison to unburned habitats. Reduction in shrub and tree cover was highly predictive of changes in post-fire rodent community structure in the burned coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats. Reduction in cover was not predictive for the less substantially burned woodlands and grasslands, for which we hypothesized that interspecific competition played a greater role in post-fire community structure. Across vegetation types, generalists and open habitat specialists typically increased in relative abundance, whereas closed habitat specialists decreased. We documented significant increases in relative abundance of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) and Dulzura kangaroo rat (Dipodomys simulans Merriam). In contrast, we found significant decreases in relative abundance for the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus Gambel), San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax Merriam), desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida Thomas), and brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii Baird). Currently, our research program involves assessment of whether habitat conservation plans (HCPs) in southern California provide long-term protection to HCP covered species, as well as preserve ecosystem function. The scenario of increased wildfires needs to be incorporated into this assessment. We discuss our results in relation to management and conservation planning under a future scenario of larger and more frequent wildfires in southern California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Association for Fire Ecology","publisherLocation":"Redlands, CA","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0702081","usgsCitation":"Brehme, C.S., Clark, D.R., Rochester, C.J., and Fisher, R.N., 2011, Wildfires alter rodent community structure across four vegetation types in southern California, USA: Fire Ecology, v. 7, no. 2, p. 81-98, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702081.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"98","numberOfPages":"18","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474764,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115827,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0702081","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego","volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d5e4b08c986b32f0ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Denise R. drclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":4242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Denise","email":"drclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":351802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rochester, Carlton J. 0000-0002-0625-4496 crochester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-4496","contributorId":3032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"Carlton","email":"crochester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007107,"text":"70007107 - 2011 - Who's your momma? Recognizing maternal origin of juvenile steelhead using injections of strontium chloride to create transgenerational marks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:47:23","indexId":"70007107","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Who's your momma? Recognizing maternal origin of juvenile steelhead using injections of strontium chloride to create transgenerational marks","docAbstract":"We sought to determine whether a strontium chloride injection could be used to create a transgenerational otolith mark in steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two strontium injection trials and a survey of strontium: calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios in juvenile steelhead from various steelhead hatcheries were conducted to test the feasibility of the technique. In both trials, progeny of fish injected with strontium had significantly higher Sr:Ca ratios in the primordial region of their otoliths, as measured by an electron wavelength dispersive microprobe. In trial 1, the 5,000-mg/L treatment level showed that 56.8% of the otoliths were correctly classified, 12.2% being misclassified as belonging to the 0-mg/L treatment. In trial 2, the 20,000-mg/L treatment level showed that 30.8% of the otoliths were correctly classified, 13.5% being misclassified as belonging to the 0-mg/L treatment. There were no differences in the fertilization rates of eggs or survival rates of fry between the treatment and control groups. The Sr:Ca ratios in otoliths collected from various hatchery populations of steelhead varied and were greater than those found in otoliths from control fish in both of our injection trials. This study suggests that the marking technique led to recognizable increases in Sr:Ca ratios in some otoliths collected from fry produced by injected females. Not all progeny showed such increases, however, suggesting that the method holds promise but requires further refinement to reduce variation. Overall, there was a correct classification of about 40% across all treatments and trials; the variation in Sr:Ca ratios found among experimental trials and hatcheries indicates that care must be taken if the technique is employed where fish from more than one hatchery could be involved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.620488","usgsCitation":"Shippentower, G.E., Schreck, C.B., and Heppell, S.A., 2011, Who's your momma? Recognizing maternal origin of juvenile steelhead using injections of strontium chloride to create transgenerational marks: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 5, p. 1330-1339, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.620488.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1330","endPage":"1339","ipdsId":"IP-034669","costCenters":[{"id":517,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.620488","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"140","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd085e4b08c986b32eed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shippentower, Gene E.","contributorId":37213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shippentower","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, Carl B. 0000-0001-8347-1139 carl.schreck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-1139","contributorId":878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"Carl","email":"carl.schreck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heppell, Scott A.","contributorId":17873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heppell","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003713,"text":"70003713 - 2011 - Investigating and managing the rapid emergence of white-nose syndrome, a novel, fatal, infectious disease of hibernating bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T20:16:02.726473","indexId":"70003713","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T14:24:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating and managing the rapid emergence of white-nose syndrome, a novel, fatal, infectious disease of hibernating bats","docAbstract":"White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fatal disease of bats that hibernate. The etiologic agent of WNS is the fungus Geomyces destructans, which infects the skin and wing membranes. Over 1 million bats in six species in eastern North America have died from WNS since 2006, and as a result several species of bats may become endangered or extinct. Information is lacking on the pathogenesis of G. destructans and WNS, WNS transmission and maintenance, individual and site factors that contribute to the probability of an outbreak of WNS, and spatial dynamics of WNS spread in North America. We considered how descriptive and analytical epidemiology could be used to fill these information gaps, including a four-step (modified) outbreak investigation, application of a set of criteria (Hill's) for assessing causation, compartment models of disease dynamics, and spatial modeling. We cataloged and critiqued adaptive-management options that have been either previously proposed for WNS or were helpful in addressing other emerging diseases of wild animals. These include an ongoing program of prospective surveillance of bats and hibernacula for WNS, treatment of individual bats, increasing population resistance to WNS (through vaccines, immunomodulators, or other methods), improving probability of survival from starvation and dehydration associated with WNS, modifying hibernacula environments to eliminate G. destructans, culling individuals or populations, controlling anthropogenic spread of WNS, conserving genetic diversity of bats, and educating the public about bats and bat conservation issues associated with WNS.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01638.x","usgsCitation":"Foley, J., Clifford, D., Castle, K., Cryan, P.M., and Ostfeld, R.S., 2011, Investigating and managing the rapid emergence of white-nose syndrome, a novel, fatal, infectious disease of hibernating bats: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 223-231, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01638.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n -97.734375,\n 21.289374355860424\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 24.5271348225978\n ],\n [\n -78.92578124999999,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -72.7734375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -57.83203125,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n 51.6180165487737\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 53.64463782485651\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 55.47885346331034\n ],\n [\n -130.95703125,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -127.08984375000001,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -117.94921874999999,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 25.005972656239187\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 21.616579336740603\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 21.616579336740603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e66e4b0c8380cd63d4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foley, Janet","contributorId":64799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clifford, Deana","contributorId":71316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifford","given":"Deana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castle, Kevin","contributorId":87286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cryan, Paul M. 0000-0002-2915-8894 cryanp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8894","contributorId":2356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"Paul","email":"cryanp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostfeld, Richard S.","contributorId":64800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostfeld","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005789,"text":"70005789 - 2011 - West Nile virus: North American experience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-11T11:31:12","indexId":"70005789","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T13:19:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2009,"text":"Integrative Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"West Nile virus: North American experience","docAbstract":"West Nile virus, a mosquito-vectored flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup, was first detected in North America following an epizootic in the New York City area in 1999. In the intervening 11 years since the arrival of the virus in North America, it has crossed the contiguous USA, entered the Canadian provinces bordering the USA, and has been reported in the Caribbean islands, Mexico, Central America and, more recently, South America. West Nile virus has been reported in over 300 species of birds in the USA and has caused the deaths of thousands of birds, local population declines of some avian species, the clinical illness and deaths of thousands of domestic horses, and the clinical disease in over 30 000 Americans and the deaths of over 1000. Prior to the emergence of West Nile virus in North America, St. Louis encephalitis virus and Dengue virus were the only other known mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses in North America capable of causing human disease. This review will discuss the North American experience with mosquito-borne flavivirus prior to the arrival of West Nile virus, the entry and spread of West Nile virus in North America, effects on wild bird populations, genetic changes in the virus, and the current state of West Nile virus transmission.
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This species has been listed since 1973 as endangered due to habitat alteration resulting from erosion, the potential competition from brown darters (E. edwini), and a limited geographic distribution. In recent years, however, Okaloosa darters have benefited from improved resource management and adaptive population monitoring techniques developed collaboratively by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Loyola University New Orleans, and Eglin Air Force Base. As a result, the FWS reclassified the Okaloosa darter to the less critical category of threatened in March 2011.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Jelks, H., Tate, B., and Jordan, F., 2011, Weapons testing and endangered fish coexist in Florida: Endangered Species Bulletin, v. 36, no. 1, p. 46-47.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/endangered/bulletin/2011/spring2011.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":204608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb0e4b08c986b32ea49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jelks, Howard 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":55574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, Bill","contributorId":36669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, Frank","contributorId":103405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007466,"text":"70007466 - 2011 - Using remote sensing and imagery exploitation to monitor the dynamics of East Timbalier Island, LA: 2000-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-21T00:10:15","indexId":"70007466","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T12:34:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using remote sensing and imagery exploitation to monitor the dynamics of East Timbalier Island, LA: 2000-2010","docAbstract":"In 1999, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service and the State of Louisiana jointly undertook the restoration of East Timbalier, a barrier island along a sediment-starved portion of the Gulf of Mexico coast of Louisiana. High-resolution overhead imagery was used to monitor the course of this restoration effort. This article describes the changes in area and movement of East Timbalier Island and compares these changes with the previous measurements. Between 2000 and 2010, East Timbalier Island lost 52–66% of its area and moved northwards 12–105 m/year. The area of East Timbalier Island is less today than at any time since 1887. Understanding of the physical processes in nature that control the size, shape and movement of the island, as well as the human impacts that have hastened its degradation, is critical for accomplishing any future restoration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geocarto International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/10106049.2011.623791","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.P., Fisher, G.B., Chandler, L.A., Angeli, K., Wheeler, D.J., Glover, R.P., Schenck-Gardner, E.J., Wiles, S.E., Lindley, C.F., and Peccini, M.B., 2011, Using remote sensing and imagery exploitation to monitor the dynamics of East Timbalier Island, LA: 2000-2010: Geocarto International, v. 26, no. 8, p. 613-632, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2011.623791.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"632","numberOfPages":"19","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115821,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2011.623791","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"East Timbalier Island","volume":"26","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc096e4b08c986b32a1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, James P.","contributorId":27606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary B. gfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, Lisbeth A. lchandle@usgs.gov","contributorId":4627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Lisbeth","email":"lchandle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angeli, Kim M. kangeli@usgs.gov","contributorId":4699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeli","given":"Kim M.","email":"kangeli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wheeler, Douglas J. dwheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Douglas","email":"dwheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Glover, Robert P. rglover@usgs.gov","contributorId":4208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glover","given":"Robert","email":"rglover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schenck-Gardner, Elizabeth J.","contributorId":108246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenck-Gardner","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wiles, Steve E.","contributorId":84074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiles","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lindley, Carolyn F.","contributorId":100530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peccini, Michael B.","contributorId":83267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peccini","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70007382,"text":"70007382 - 2011 - The role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in regulating nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T16:52:57.240393","indexId":"70007382","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T12:04:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1345,"text":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of the Everglades Mangrove Ecotone Region (EMER) in regulating nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in South Florida","docAbstract":"The authors summarize the main findings of the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) program in the EMER, within the context of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), to understand how regional processes, mediated by water flow, control population and ecosystem dynamics across the EMER landscape. Tree canopies with maximum height <3 m cover 49% of the EMER, particularly in the SE region. These scrub/dwarf mangroves are the result of a combination of low soil phosphorus (P < 59 μg P g dw−1) in the calcareous marl substrate and long hydroperiod. Phosphorus limits the EMER and its freshwater watersheds due to the lack of terrigenous sediment input and the phosphorus-limited nature of the freshwater Everglades. Reduced freshwater delivery over the past 50 years, combined with Everglades compartmentalization and a 10 cm rise in coastal sea level, has led to the landward transgression (∼1.5 km in 54 years) of the mangrove ecotone. Seasonal variation in freshwater input strongly controls the temporal variation of nitrogen and P exports (99%) from the Everglades to Florida Bay. Rapid changes in nutrient availability and vegetation distribution during the last 50 years show that future ecosystem restoration actions and land use decisions can exert a major influence, similar to sea level rise over the short term, on nutrient cycling and wetland productivity in the EMER.
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III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Michot, Beatrice","contributorId":77804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Beatrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Meselhe, Ehab","contributorId":95333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meselhe","given":"Ehab","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Nuttle, William","contributorId":63685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuttle","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Troxler, Tiffany G.","contributorId":35599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxler","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B.","contributorId":77805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70005791,"text":"70005791 - 2011 - Wolves, Canis lupus, carry and cache the collars of radio-collared White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, they killed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T19:42:02.476171","indexId":"70005791","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Wolves, Canis lupus, carry and cache the collars of radio-collared White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, they killed","title":"Wolves, Canis lupus, carry and cache the collars of radio-collared White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, they killed","docAbstract":"Wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota cached six radio-collars (four in winter, two in spring-summer) of 202 radio-collared White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) they killed or consumed from 1975 to 2010. A Wolf bedded on top of one collar cached in snow. We found one collar each at a Wolf den and Wolf rendezvous site, 2.5 km and 0.5 km respectively, from each deer's previous locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v125i1.1130","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L.D., 2011, Wolves, Canis lupus, carry and cache the collars of radio-collared White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, they killed: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 125, no. 1, p. 67-68, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i1.1130.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i1.1130","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.93634033203125,\n 47.187845928576344\n ],\n [\n -89.6429443359375,\n 47.187845928576344\n ],\n [\n -89.6429443359375,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -91.93634033203125,\n 48.23016176791893\n ],\n [\n -91.93634033203125,\n 47.187845928576344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd195e4b08c986b32f4f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005090,"text":"70005090 - 2011 - What makes a natural clay antibacterial?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:25:50","indexId":"70005090","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What makes a natural clay antibacterial?","docAbstract":"Natural clays have been used in ancient and modern medicine, but the mechanism(s) that make certain clays lethal against bacterial pathogens has not been identified. We have compared the depositional environments, mineralogies, and chemistries of clays that exhibit antibacterial effects on a broad spectrum of human pathogens including antibiotic resistant strains. Natural antibacterial clays contain nanoscale (<200 nm), illite-smectite and reduced iron phases. The role of clay minerals in the bactericidal process is to buffer the aqueous pH and oxidation state to conditions that promote Fe2+ solubility.
\nChemical analyses of E. coli killed by aqueous leachates of an antibacterial clay show that intracellular concentrations of Fe and P are elevated relative to controls. Phosphorus uptake by the cells supports a regulatory role of polyphosphate or phospholipids in controlling Fe2+. Fenton reaction products can degrade critical cell components, but we deduce that extracellular processes do not cause cell death. Rather, Fe2+ overwhelms outer membrane regulatory proteins and is oxidized when it enters the cell, precipitating Fe3+ and producing lethal hydroxyl radicals.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es1040688","usgsCitation":"Williams, L.B., Metge, D.W., Eberl, D.D., Harvey, R.W., Turner, A.G., Prapaipong, P., and Port-Peterson, A.T., 2011, What makes a natural clay antibacterial?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 8, p. 3768-3773, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1040688.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3768","endPage":"3773","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3126108","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd042e4b08c986b32ed63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Lynda B.","contributorId":28007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lynda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turner, Amanda G.","contributorId":57206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prapaipong, Panjai","contributorId":41138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prapaipong","given":"Panjai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Port-Peterson, Amisha T.","contributorId":34261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Port-Peterson","given":"Amisha","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003975,"text":"70003975 - 2011 - Wild bird migration across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A transmission route for highly pathogenic H5N1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T09:15:57","indexId":"70003975","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wild bird migration across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A transmission route for highly pathogenic H5N1","docAbstract":"Background
\nQinghai Lake in central China has been at the center of debate on whether wild birds play a role in circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. In 2005, an unprecedented epizootic at Qinghai Lake killed more than 6000 migratory birds including over 3000 bar-headed geese (Anser indicus). H5N1 subsequently spread to Europe and Africa, and in following years has re-emerged in wild birds along the Central Asia flyway several times.
\nMethodology/Principal Findings
\nTo better understand the potential involvement of wild birds in the spread of H5N1, we studied the movements of bar-headed geese marked with GPS satellite transmitters at Qinghai Lake in relation to virus outbreaks and disease risk factors. We discovered a previously undocumented migratory pathway between Qinghai Lake and the Lhasa Valley of Tibet where 93% of the 29 marked geese overwintered. From 2003–2009, sixteen outbreaks in poultry or wild birds were confirmed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the majority were located within the migratory pathway of the geese. Spatial and temporal concordance between goose movements and three potential H5N1 virus sources (poultry farms, a captive bar-headed goose facility, and H5N1 outbreak locations) indicated ample opportunities existed for virus spillover and infection of migratory geese on the wintering grounds. Their potential as a vector of H5N1 was supported by rapid migration movements of some geese and genetic relatedness of H5N1 virus isolated from geese in Tibet and Qinghai Lake.
\nConclusions/Significance
\nThis is the first study to compare phylogenetics of the virus with spatial ecology of its host, and the combined results suggest that wild birds play a role in the spread of H5N1 in this region. However, the strength of the evidence would be improved with additional sequences from both poultry and wild birds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where H5N1 has a clear stronghold.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0017622","usgsCitation":"Prosser, D.J., Cui, P., Takekawa, J.Y., Tang, M., Hou, Y., Collins, B.M., Yan, B., Hill, N., Li, T., Li, Y., Lei, F., Guo, S., Xing, Z., He, Y., Zhou, Y., Douglas, D.C., Perry, W.M., and Newman, S.H., 2011, Wild bird migration across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: A transmission route for highly pathogenic H5N1: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 3, e17622; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017622.","productDescription":"e17622; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474767,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017622","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21762,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017622","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Qinghai Lake","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0bfe4b08c986b32f037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cui, Peng","contributorId":102202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"Peng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tang, Mingjie","contributorId":53086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Mingjie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hou, Yuansheng","contributorId":80400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hou","given":"Yuansheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collins, Bridget M.","contributorId":84900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yan, Baoping","contributorId":76871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Baoping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hill, Nichola J.","contributorId":30342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Nichola J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, Tianxian","contributorId":34651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Tianxian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Li, Yongdong","contributorId":25698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Yongdong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lei, Fumin","contributorId":33841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lei","given":"Fumin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Guo, Shan","contributorId":62741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Shan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Xing, Zhi","contributorId":61958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xing","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"He, Yubang","contributorId":15342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Yubang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Zhou, Yuanchun","contributorId":10154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Yuanchun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Perry, William M. 0000-0002-6180-8180 wmperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-8180","contributorId":5124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","email":"wmperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70003837,"text":"70003837 - 2011 - Studying geodesy and earthquake hazard in and around the New Madrid Seismic Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T13:58:14","indexId":"70003837","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying geodesy and earthquake hazard in and around the New Madrid Seismic Zone","docAbstract":"Workshop on New Madrid Geodesy and the Challenges of Understanding Intraplate Earthquakes; Norwood, Massachusetts, 4 March 2011 Twenty-six researchers gathered for a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and FM Global to discuss geodesy in and around the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) and its relation to earthquake hazards. The group addressed the challenge of reconciling current geodetic measurements, which show low present-day surface strain rates, with paleoseismic evidence of recent, relatively frequent, major earthquakes in the region. The workshop presentations and conclusions will be available in a forthcoming USGS open-file report (http://pubs.usgs.gov).","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011EO380005","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O.S., and Magistrale, H., 2011, Studying geodesy and earthquake hazard in and around the New Madrid Seismic Zone: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 92, no. 38, p. 317-317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO380005.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115835,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011EO380005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","volume":"92","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ce5e4b08c986b31d509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver Salz","contributorId":91984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"Salz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magistrale, Harold","contributorId":12482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magistrale","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005571,"text":"70005571 - 2011 - Book review: Bayesian analysis for population ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T12:18:02","indexId":"70005571","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":747,"text":"American Statistician","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Bayesian analysis for population ecology","docAbstract":"Brian Dennis described the field of ecology as “fertile, uncolonized ground for Bayesian ideas.” He continued: “The Bayesian propagule has arrived at the shore. Ecologists need to think long and hard about the consequences of a Bayesian ecology. The Bayesian outlook is a successful competitor, but is it a weed? I think so.” (Dennis 2004)
\nReview info: Bayesian Analysis for Population Ecology. By Ruth King, Byron J. T. Morgan, Olivier Gimenez, and Stephen P. Brooks, 2010. ISBN: 978-1439811870, xvii, 442 pp.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Statistician","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Statistical Association","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1198/tast.2010.br651","usgsCitation":"Link, W., 2011, Book review: Bayesian analysis for population ecology: American Statistician, v. 65, no. 1, p. 61-62, https://doi.org/10.1198/tast.2010.br651.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115837,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1198/tast.2010.br651","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd2a3e4b08c986b32f934","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":352842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007344,"text":"sim3188 - 2011 - Aeromagnetic and aeromagnetic-based geologic maps of the Coastal Belt, Franciscan Complex, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T16:25:48.494421","indexId":"sim3188","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3188","title":"Aeromagnetic and aeromagnetic-based geologic maps of the Coastal Belt, Franciscan Complex, northern California","docAbstract":"The Coastal belt of the Franciscan Complex represents a Late Cretaceous to Miocene accretionary prism and overlying slope deposits. Its equivalents may extend from the offshore outer borderland of southern California to north of the Mendocino Triple Junction under the Eel River Basin and in the offshore of Cascadia. The Coastal belt is exposed on land in northern California, yet its structure and stratigraphy are incompletely known because of discontinuous exposure, structural disruption, and lithologically non-distinctive clastic rocks. The intent of this report is to make available, in map form, aeromagnetic data covering the Coastal belt that provide a new dataset to aid in mapping, understanding, and interpreting the incompletely understood geology and structure in northern California.
The newly merged aeromagnetic data over the Coastal belt of the Franciscan Complex reveal long, linear anomalies that indicate remarkably coherent structure within a terrane where mapping at the surface indicates complex deformation and that has been described as \"broken formation\" and, even locally as \"mélange\". The anomalies in the Coastal belt are primarily sourced by volcanic-rich graywackes and exotic blocks of basalt. Some anomalies along the contact of the Coastal belt with the Central belt are likely caused by local interleaving of components of the Coast Ranges ophiolite. These data can be used to map additional exotic blocks within the Coastal belt and to distinguish lithologically indistinct graywackes within the Coastal terrane. Using anomaly asymmetry allows projection of these \"layers\" into the subsurface. This analysis indicates predominant northeast dips consistent with tectonic interleaving of blocks within a subduction zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3188","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R., and McLaughlin, R.J., 2011, Aeromagnetic and aeromagnetic-based geologic maps of the Coastal Belt, Franciscan Complex, northern California (Version 1.0: Originally posted February 3, 2012; Version 1.1: May 15, 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3188, Pamphlet: i, 19 p.; 3 Sheets: 29.2 x 48.4 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata Folder; GIS Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3188.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: i, 19 p.; 3 Sheets: 29.2 x 48.4 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata Folder; GIS Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341334,"rank":8,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_database.zip","text":"GIS database","size":"401.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":341333,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_metadata","text":"Metadata Folder","size":"37 kB"},{"id":341332,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_readme.txt","size":"8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":341331,"rank":5,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"9.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":341330,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":341335,"rank":9,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/versionHist.txt"},{"id":341329,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"6.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":115786,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3188/sim3188_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"12.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":116876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3188.gif"}],"scale":"250000","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.5,38.25 ], [ -124.5,40.666666666666664 ], [ -122.75,40.666666666666664 ], [ -122.75,38.25 ], [ -124.5,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted February 3, 2012; Version 1.1: May 15, 2017","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e723e4b0c8380cd47887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007347,"text":"sir20115231 - 2011 - Assessment of potential migration of radionuclides and trace elements from the White Mesa uranium mill to the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation and surrounding areas, southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:47:14","indexId":"sir20115231","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5231","title":"Assessment of potential migration of radionuclides and trace elements from the White Mesa uranium mill to the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation and surrounding areas, southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"In 2007, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe requested that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey conduct an independent evaluation of potential offsite migration of radionuclides and selected trace elements associated with the ore storage and milling process at an active uranium mill site near White Mesa, Utah. Specific objectives of this study were (1) to determine recharge sources and residence times of groundwater surrounding the mill site, (2) to determine the current concentrations of uranium and associated trace elements in groundwater surrounding the mill site, (3) to differentiate natural and anthropogenic contaminant sources to groundwater resources surrounding the mill site, (4) to assess the solubility and potential for offsite transport of uranium-bearing minerals in groundwater surrounding the mill site, and (5) to use stream sediment and plant material samples from areas surrounding the mill site to identify potential areas of offsite contamination and likely contaminant sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Region 8)","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., Ranalli, A.J., Rowland, R.C., and Marston, T.M., 2011, Assessment of potential migration of radionuclides and trace elements from the White Mesa uranium mill to the Ute Mountain Ute Reservation and surrounding areas, southeastern Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5231, Report: x, 75 p.; Executive Summary (Adobe Flash), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115231.","productDescription":"Report: x, 75 p.; Executive Summary (Adobe Flash)","numberOfPages":"160","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5231.jpg"},{"id":332881,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5231/pdf/sir20115231.pdf"},{"id":115788,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":332882,"rank":4,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5231/movie/player.html","text":"Executive Summary (requires Adobe Flash)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan","city":"Blanding;White Mesa","otherGeospatial":"Ute Mountain Ute Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.58333333333333,37.333333333333336 ], [ -109.58333333333333,37.75 ], [ -109.33333333333333,37.75 ], [ -109.33333333333333,37.333333333333336 ], [ -109.58333333333333,37.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee4be4b0c8380cd49c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, Ryan C. rrowland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Ryan","email":"rrowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marston, Thomas M. 0000-0003-1053-4172 tmarston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1053-4172","contributorId":3272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marston","given":"Thomas","email":"tmarston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007379,"text":"fs20113145 - 2011 - Newberry Volcano—Central Oregon’s sleeping giant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-07T15:45:35.945484","indexId":"fs20113145","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3145","displayTitle":"Newberry Volcano—Central Oregon’s Sleeping Giant","title":"Newberry Volcano—Central Oregon’s sleeping giant","docAbstract":"Hidden in plain sight, Oregon's massive Newberry Volcano is the largest volcano in the Cascades volcanic arc and covers an area the size of Rhode Island. Unlike familiar cone-shaped Cascades volcanoes, Newberry was built into the shape of a broad shield by repeated eruptions over 500,000 years. About 65,000 years ago a major explosion and collapse event created a large volcanic depression (caldera) at its summit. Newberry last erupted about 1,300 years ago, and present-day hot springs and geologically young lava flows indicate that it could reawaken at any time. Because of its proximity to nearby communities, frequency and size of past eruptions, and geologic youthfulness, U.S. Geological Survey scientists are working to better understand volcanic activity at Newberry and closely monitor the volcano for signs of unrest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Stovall, W.K., Ramsey, D.W., Ewert, J.W., and Jensen, R.A., 2011, Newberry Volcano—Central Oregon’s sleeping giant (ver. 2.0, August 2025): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011–3145, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113145.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":115811,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":493646,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/fs20113145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2011-3145 PDF"},{"id":493648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"FS 2011-3145 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Bend","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.45246119577928,\n 44.40169701827557\n ],\n [\n -121.45246119577928,\n 43.60389733022518\n ],\n [\n -121.09198743081843,\n 43.60389733022518\n ],\n [\n -121.09198743081843,\n 44.40169701827557\n ],\n [\n -121.45246119577928,\n 44.40169701827557\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: February 6, 2012; Version 2.0: August 6, 2025","contact":"David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court
Building 10, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683
Email: askCVO@usgs.gov
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2012-02-06","revisedDate":"2025-08-06","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6623e4b0c8380cd72d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stovall, Wendy K. 0000-0003-2518-2595 wstovall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2518-2595","contributorId":5733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stovall","given":"Wendy","email":"wstovall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, Robert A.","contributorId":35469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jensen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70007352,"text":"ofr20111313 - 2011 - Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","indexId":"ofr20111313","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70040794,"text":"70040794 - 2012 - Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington","indexId":"70040794","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Recent population trends of mountain goats in the Olympic Mountains, Washington"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-15T14:36:54","indexId":"ofr20111313","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1313","title":"Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011","docAbstract":"We conducted an aerial helicopter survey between July 18 and July 25, 2011, to estimate abundance and trends of introduced mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in the Olympic Mountains. The survey was the first since we developed a sightability correction model in 2008, which provided the means to estimate the number of mountain goats present in the surveyed areas and not seen during the aerial surveys, and to adjust for undercounting biases. Additionally, the count was the first since recent telemetry studies revealed that the previously defined survey zone, which was delineated at lower elevations by the 1,520-meter elevation contour, did not encompass all lands used by mountain goats during summer. We redefined the lower elevation boundary of survey units before conducting the 2011 surveys in an effort to more accurately estimate the entire mountain goat population. We surveyed 39 survey units, comprising 39 percent of the 59,615-hectare survey area. We estimated a mountain goat population of 344±44 (standard error, SE) in the expanded survey area. Based on this level of estimation uncertainty, the 95-percent confidence interval ranged from 258 to 430 mountain goats at the time of the survey. To permit comparisons of mountain goat populations between the 2004 and 2011 surveys, we recomputed population estimates derived from the 2004 survey using the newly developed bias correction methods, and we computed the 2004 and 2011 surveys based on comparable survey zone definitions (for example, using the boundaries of the 2004 survey). The recomputed estimates of mountain goat populations were 217±19 (SE) in 2004 and 303±41(SE) in 2011. The difference between the current 2011 population estimate (344±44[SE]) and the recomputed 2011 estimate (303±41[SE]) reflects the number of mountain goats counted in the expanded lower elevation portions of the survey zone added in 2011. We conclude that the population of mountain goats has increased in the Olympic Mountains at an average rate of 4.9±2.2(SE) percent annually since 2004. We caution that the estimated rate of population growth may be conservative if severe spring weather deterred some mountain goats from reaching the high-elevation survey areas during the 2011 surveys. If the estimated average rate of population growth were to remain constant in the future, then the population would double in approximately 14-15 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K., Happe, P., Griffin, P., Beirne, K., Hoffman, R., and Baccus, W., 2011, Mountain goat abundance and population trends in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1313, iv, 16 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111313.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","temporalStart":"2011-07-18","temporalEnd":"2011-07-25","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1313.jpg"},{"id":115792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1313/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Olympic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,47.5 ], [ -124,48.083333333333336 ], [ -122.66666666666667,48.083333333333336 ], [ -122.66666666666667,47.5 ], [ -124,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb3e4b0c8380cd70bf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt","contributorId":30681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Happe, Patricia","contributorId":83248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C. pgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","email":"pgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beirne, Katherine","contributorId":58754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beirne","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffman, Roger","contributorId":102192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baccus, William","contributorId":22497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baccus","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70007325,"text":"sir20115195 - 2011 - Gas hydrate prospecting using well cuttings and mud-gas geochemistry from 35 wells, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-09T23:21:54","indexId":"sir20115195","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-08T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5195","title":"Gas hydrate prospecting using well cuttings and mud-gas geochemistry from 35 wells, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"Gas hydrate deposits are common on the North Slope of Alaska around Prudhoe Bay; however, the extent of these deposits is unknown outside of this area. As part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Bureau of Land Management gas hydrate research collaboration, well-cutting and mud-gas samples have been collected and analyzed from mainly industry-drilled wells on the North Slope for the purpose of prospecting for gas hydrate deposits. On the Alaska North Slope, gas hydrates are now recognized as an element within a petroleum systems approach or \"total petroleum system.\" Since 1979, 35 wells have been sampled from as far west as Wainwright to Prudhoe Bay in the east. Regionally, the USGS has assessed the gas hydrate resources of the North Slope and determined that there is about 85.4 trillion cubic feet of technically recoverable hydrate-bound gas within three assessment units. The assessment units are defined mainly by three separate stratigraphic sections and constrained by the physical temperatures and pressures where gas hydrate can form. Geochemical studies of known gas hydrate occurrences on the North Slope have shown a link between gas hydrate and more deeply buried conventional oil and gas deposits. The link is established when hydrocarbon gases migrate from depth and charge the reservoir rock within the gas hydrate stability zone. It is likely gases migrated into conventional traps as free gas and were later converted to gas hydrate in response to climate cooling concurrent with permafrost formation. Results from this study indicate that some thermogenic gas is present in 31 of the wells, with limited evidence of thermogenic gas in four other wells and only one well with no thermogenic gas. Gas hydrate is known to occur in one of the sampled wells, likely present in 22 others on the basis of gas geochemistry, and inferred by equivocal gas geochemistry in 11 wells, and one well was without gas hydrate. Gas migration routes are common in the North Slope and include faults and widespread, continuous shallowly dipping permeable sand sections that are potentially in communication with deeper oil and gas sources. The application of the petroleum system model with the geochemical evidence suggests that gas hydrate deposits may be widespread across the North Slope of Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115195","usgsCitation":"Lorenson, T., and Collett, T.S., 2011, Gas hydrate prospecting using well cuttings and mud-gas geochemistry from 35 wells, North Slope, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5195, iv, 25 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2 download; Appendix 3 download; Appendix 4 download, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115195.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.; Appendices; Appendix 2 download; Appendix 3 download; Appendix 4 download","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5195.gif"},{"id":115783,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5195/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,69.5 ], [ -162,71.25 ], [ -144,71.25 ], [ -144,69.5 ], [ -162,69.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14cfe4b0c8380cd54b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenson, T.D. tlorenson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"tlorenson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004671,"text":"70004671 - 2011 - Wastewater dilution index partially explains observed polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in osprey eggs from Columbia River Basin, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:24:03","indexId":"70004671","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-05T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wastewater dilution index partially explains observed polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in osprey eggs from Columbia River Basin, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"Several polybrominated biphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were found in all 175 osprey (Pandion haliaetus) eggs collected from the Columbia River Basin between 2002 and 2009. ΣPBDE concentrations in 2008–2009 were highest in osprey eggs from the two lowest flow rivers studied; however, each river flowed through relatively large and populous metropolitan areas (Boise, Idaho and Spokane, Washington). We used the volume of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharge, a known source of PBDEs, as a measure of human activity at a location, and combined with river flow (both converted to millions of gallons/day) created a novel approach (an approximate Dilution Index) to relate waterborne contaminants to levels of these contaminants that reach avian eggs. This approach provided a useful understanding of the spatial osprey egg concentration patterns observed. Individual osprey egg concentrations along the Upper Willamette River co-varied with the Dilution Index, while combined egg data (geometric means) from rivers or segments of rivers showed a strong, significant relationship to the Dilution Index with one exception, the Boise River. There, we believe osprey egg concentrations were lower than expected because Boise River ospreys foraged perhaps 50–75% of the time off the river at ponds and lakes stocked with fish that contained relatively low ΣPBDE concentrations. Our limited temporal data at specific localities (2004–2009) suggests that ΣPBDE concentrations in osprey eggs peaked between 2005 and 2007, and then decreased, perhaps in response to penta- and octa-PBDE technical mixtures no longer being used in the USA after 2004. Empirical estimates of biomagnification factors (BMFs) from fish to osprey eggs were 3.76–7.52 on a wet weight (ww) basis or 4.37–11.0 lipid weight. Our earlier osprey study suggested that ΣPBDE egg concentrations >1,000 ng/g ww may reduce osprey reproductive success. Only two of the study areas sampled in 2008–2009 contained individual eggs with ΣPBDE concentrations >1,000 ng/g, and non-significant (P > 0.30) negative relationships were found between ΣPBDEs and reproductive success. Additional monitoring is required to confirm not only the apparent decline in PBDE concentrations in osprey eggs that occurred during this study, but also to better understand the relationship between PBDEs in eggs and reproductive success.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-011-0608-2","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Grove, R.A., Kaiser, J.L., Johnson, B., Furl, C.V., and Letcher, R., 2011, Wastewater dilution index partially explains observed polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in osprey eggs from Columbia River Basin, 2008-2009: Ecotoxicology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 682-697, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0608-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"697","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-01","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 45.089035564831015\n ],\n [\n -119.2236328125,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -110.91796875,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -114.30175781249999,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -118.82812499999997,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -123.61816406249997,\n 47.18971246448421\n ],\n [\n -124.3212890625,\n 45.089035564831015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3fae4b08c986b32b434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Branden L. branden_johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Branden L.","email":"branden_johnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furl, Chad V.","contributorId":28365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furl","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Letcher, Robert J.","contributorId":25292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70007297,"text":"ofr20111319 - 2011 - Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected wells in Cayuga County, New York, 2001–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20111319","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-01T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1319","title":"Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected wells in Cayuga County, New York, 2001–2011","docAbstract":"Geophysical logs were collected and analyzed along with bedrock core samples and bedrock outcrops to define the bedrock stratigraphy and flow zones penetrated by 93 monitor and water-supply wells in Cayuga County, New York. The work was completed from 2001 through 2011 as part of an investigation of volatile-organic compound contamination in the carbonate-bedrock aquifer system between Auburn and Union Springs. The borehole logs included gamma, caliper, wellbore image, fluid property, and flow logs. The log information was used with bedrock core samples to define the regional stratigraphy, evaluate flow zones within the bedrock aquifers, and develop and implement a multilevel monitoring design for groundwater levels and water quality within the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Eckhardt, D., Williams, J., and Anderson, J., 2011, Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected wells in Cayuga County, New York, 2001–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1319, vi, 12 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111319.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1319.gif"},{"id":115771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1319/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cayuga","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.71666666666667,42.8 ], [ -76.71666666666667,42.950833333333335 ], [ -8.050833333333333,42.950833333333335 ], [ -8.050833333333333,42.8 ], [ -76.71666666666667,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a288fe4b0c8380cd5a1fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckhardt, David A.V.","contributorId":80233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, J. Alton","contributorId":56724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J. Alton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003666,"text":"70003666 - 2011 - Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Regions of the Dakotas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T12:10:29","indexId":"70003666","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-31T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1453,"text":"Ecological Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Regions of the Dakotas, USA","docAbstract":"This study uses biophysical values derived for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North and South Dakota, in conjunction with value transfer methods, to assess environmental and economic tradeoffs under different policy-relevant land-use scenarios over a 20-year period. The ecosystem service valuation is carried out by comparing the biophysical and economic values of three focal services (i.e. carbon sequestration, reduction in sedimentation, and waterfowl production) across three focal land uses in the region [i.e. native prairie grasslands, lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs (CRP/WRP), and cropland]. This study finds that CRP/WRP lands cannot mitigate (hectare for hectare) the loss of native prairie from a social welfare standpoint. Land use scenarios where native prairie loss was minimized, and CRP/WRP lands were increased, provided the most societal benefit. The scenario modeling projected native prairie conversion to cropland over the next 20 years would result in a social welfare loss valued at over $4 billion when considering the study's three ecosystem services, and a net loss of about $3.4 billion when reductions in commodity production are accounted for.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Economics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010","usgsCitation":"Gascoigne, W.R., Hoag, D., Koontz, L., Tangen, B., Shaffer, T.L., and Gleason, R.A., 2011, Valuing ecosystem and economic services across land-use scenarios in the Prairie Pothole Regions of the Dakotas, USA: Ecological Economics, v. 70, no. 10, p. 1715-1725, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1715","endPage":"1725","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.010","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc10ee4b08c986b32a42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gascoigne, William R.","contributorId":30104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gascoigne","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoag, Dana","contributorId":77809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoag","given":"Dana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koontz, Lynne koontzl@usgs.gov","contributorId":2174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koontz","given":"Lynne","email":"koontzl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7016,"text":"Environmental Quality Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tangen, Brian A.","contributorId":78419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gleason, Robert A. 0000-0001-5308-8657 rgleason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-8657","contributorId":2402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"Robert","email":"rgleason@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70006311,"text":"70006311 - 2011 - An exploratory investigation of polar organic compounds in waters from a lead–zinc mine and mill complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:23:20","indexId":"70006311","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An exploratory investigation of polar organic compounds in waters from a lead–zinc mine and mill complex","docAbstract":"Surface water samples were collected in 2006 from a lead mine-mill complex in Missouri to investigate possible organic compounds coming from the milling process. Water samples contained relatively high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; greater than 20 mg/l) for surface waters but were colorless, implying a lack of naturally occurring aquatic humic or fulvic acids. Samples were extracted by three different types of solid-phase extraction and analyzed by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Because large amounts of xanthate complexation reagents are used in the milling process, techniques were developed to extract and analyze for sodium isopropyl xanthate and sodium ethyl xanthate. Although these xanthate reagents were not found, trace amounts of the degradates, isopropyl xanthyl thiosulfonate and isopropyl xanthyl sulfonate, were found in most locations sampled, including the tailings pond downstream. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, a surfactant and process filtering aid, was found at concentrations estimated at 350 μg/l at one mill outlet, but not downstream. Release of these organic compounds downstream from lead-zinc mine and milling areas has not previously been reported. A majority of the DOC remains unidentified.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0598-3","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C.E., Schmitt, C.J., Schumacher, J., and Leiker, T.J., 2011, An exploratory investigation of polar organic compounds in waters from a lead–zinc mine and mill complex: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 217, no. 1-4, p. 431-443, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0598-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"217","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea6be4b0c8380cd4884e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leiker, Thomas J.","contributorId":47805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005282,"text":"70005282 - 2011 - Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T20:57:37.614907","indexId":"70005282","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-29T14:40:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1362,"text":"Current Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories","docAbstract":"At least 1,065 introduced vertebrate species have been introduced in the United States and its territories, including at least 86 mammalian, 127 avian, 179 reptilian/amphibian, and 673 fish species. Examples in each major taxonomic group include domestic cat, small Indian mongoose, red fox, goat, pig, rabbit, rats, house mouse, gray squirrel, nutria, starling, Indian common myna, red-vented bulbul, brown treesnake, red-eared slider, brown trout, tilapia, and grass carp. We briefly review some of these species and the types of damage they cause. We then review the basic types of methods used for control or eradication of each taxonomic group, including physical, chemical, biological, and cultural methods. We discuss some of the challenges in managing these species, including issues with the use of toxicants, land access, public attitudes, and monitoring difficulties. Finally, we list some ongoing research and future research needs, including improved detection methods, improved attractants, improved barriers, improved capture methods, fertility control, and risk assessment methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/czoolo/57.5.559","usgsCitation":"Witmer, G., and Fuller, P., 2011, Vertebrate species introductions in the United States and its territories: Current Zoology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 559-567, https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.559.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"567","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.559","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.403584973186703\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -67.060546875,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -67.939453125,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -74.53125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -82.6171875,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -122.78320312499999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -123.31054687499999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -125.15625000000001,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -119.17968749999999,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -116.3671875,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -108.10546875,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -108.017578125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -106.5234375,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -104.32617187499999,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -102.12890625,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 26.902476886279832\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -89.20898437499999,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 28.69058765425071\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 24.766784522874453\n ],\n [\n -79.98046875,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 25.403584973186703\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.75341796875,\n 19.580493479202527\n ],\n [\n -156.390380859375,\n 21.25866133371466\n ],\n [\n -159.27978515625,\n 22.43134015636061\n ],\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 22.167057857886153\n ],\n [\n -160.224609375,\n 21.47351753334985\n ],\n [\n -156.29150390625,\n 19.621892180319374\n ],\n [\n -155.72021484375,\n 18.6670631919266\n ],\n [\n -154.6435546875,\n 19.38370463414803\n ],\n [\n -154.75341796875,\n 19.580493479202527\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc22be4b08c986b32a988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witmer, Gary W.","contributorId":74508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witmer","given":"Gary W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}