A data-base software system has been developed for the management of geochemical data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating agencies in North Dakota. This report describes the purpose, use, and design of the North Dakota geochemical data-base software system.
The software provides capabilities to input, update, and retrieve geochemical data. Data can be input to the data base either interactively or by loading in a file of specially formatted data records. Stored data can be viewed and updated interactively.
Data can be retrieved and output in the form of a table, or the data can be output to a file in a format suitable for input to other software packages. Access to the data can be restricted on a station-by-station basis to protect preliminary or proprietary data from unauthorized use.
The geochemical data-base software is designed as a single-user system. Only one user can update the data base at a time. However, if no user is updating the data base, multiple users can use the retrieval routines to retrieve and output data from the data base. The software is written in Fortran 77, but uses a number of systemdependent subroutines. Data are stored in a group of direct-access files.
The Indiana District Water-Use Program is an ongoing project with the primary goal of making Indiana water-use data available to Federal, State, and local water managers. The water-use data are obtained from a wide variety of sources. Some data are based on values reported by water users, and other data are based on a variety of estimation techniques. Statements of responsibility, documen- tation and data-storage requirements, sources of data, and methods of achieving project goals are included in this quality-assurance plan. (USGS)
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R.","contributorId":100879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26224,"text":"wri934065 - 1993 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, San Juan County, northwestern New Mexico, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri934065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4065","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, San Juan County, northwestern New Mexico, 1990-91","docAbstract":"Selenium concentrations larger than established standards and criteria were present in Gallegos Canyon and Ojo Amarillo Canyon drainages on the Navajo Indian Irrigation Project, a pond on the West Hammond Irrigation Project, and a drain on the Hogback Irrigation Project, New Mexico. Ground-water return flow from irrigated areas contributes substantially to surface water at these sites. Selenium concentrations in 11 surface-water samples from these four areas exceeded the State of New Mexico standard of 5 micrograms per liter for the protection of fisheries. Selenium concentrations in five bottom-sediment samples from three of these areas ranged from 4.5 to 38 micrograms per gram; the geometric mean concentration of selenium in Western United States soils is 0.23 microgram per gram.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934065","usgsCitation":"Blanchard, P.J., Roy, R.R., and O’Brien, T., 1993, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, San Juan County, northwestern New Mexico, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4065, vii, 141 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934065.","productDescription":"vii, 141 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55024,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eab6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanchard, P. J.","contributorId":67926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, Richard R.","contributorId":84801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21276,"text":"ofr93646 - 1993 - Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; livestock, animal specialities, and irrigation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr93646","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-646","title":"Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; livestock, animal specialities, and irrigation data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93646","usgsCitation":"Veley, R., 1993, Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; livestock, animal specialities, and irrigation data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-646, 2 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93646.","productDescription":"2 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0646/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0646/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veley, R.J.","contributorId":81131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veley","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65593,"text":"i2338 - 1993 - Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 40317 Quadrangle, northern Arabia region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T15:12:58","indexId":"i2338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2338","title":"Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 40317 Quadrangle, northern Arabia region of Mars","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2338","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 40317 Quadrangle, northern Arabia region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2338, 1 Plate: 24.00 x 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2338.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.00 x 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101043,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2338/plate-1.pdf","size":"11081","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"502000","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68665c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21277,"text":"ofr93645 - 1993 - Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; thermoelectric power data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr93645","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-645","title":"Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; thermoelectric power data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93645","usgsCitation":"Veley, R., 1993, Estimated water use in Ohio, 1990; thermoelectric power data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-645, 1 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93645.","productDescription":"1 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0645/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50831,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0645/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcc75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veley, R.J.","contributorId":81131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veley","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65570,"text":"i2383 - 1993 - Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 30347 Quadrangle, Western Arabia Region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-25T09:08:27","indexId":"i2383","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2383","title":"Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 30347 Quadrangle, Western Arabia Region of Mars","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2383","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Controlled photomosaic of the MTM 30347 Quadrangle, Western Arabia Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2383, 1 Plate: 24.00 x 37.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2383.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.00 x 37.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101022,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2383/plate-1.pdf","size":"13062","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"502000","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68834f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26004,"text":"wri924071 - 1993 - The phytoplankton of Fremont Lake, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri924071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4071","title":"The phytoplankton of Fremont Lake, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924071","usgsCitation":"Averett, R., Emmett, W.W., and Peterson, D.A., 1993, The phytoplankton of Fremont Lake, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4071, iv, 64 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924071.","productDescription":"iv, 64 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a72e4b07f02db642f1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Averett, R. C.","contributorId":35709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, W. W.","contributorId":107695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. A.","contributorId":6453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":17839,"text":"ofr9367 - 1993 - Water resources activities in Florida 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:13","indexId":"ofr9367","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-67","title":"Water resources activities in Florida 1992-93","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9367","usgsCitation":"Glenn, M.E., 1993, Water resources activities in Florida 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-67, viii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9367.","productDescription":"viii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0067/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47077,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f970d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, M. E. (compiler)","contributorId":75162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"M.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27154,"text":"wri934083 - 1993 - Escherichia coli and fecal-coliform bacteria as indicators of recreational water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri934083","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4083","title":"Escherichia coli and fecal-coliform bacteria as indicators of recreational water quality","docAbstract":"In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommended that Escherichia coli (E. coli) be used in place of fecal-coliform bacteria in State recreational water-quality standards as an indicator of fecal contamination. This announcement followed an epidemiological study in which E. coli concentration was shown to be a better predictor of swimming-associated gastrointestinal illness than fecal-coliform concentration. Water-resource managers from Ohio have decided to collect information specific to their waters and decide whether to use E. coli or fecal-coliform bacteria as the basis for State recreational water-quality standards. If one indicator is a better predictor of recreational water quality than the other and if the relation between the two indicators is variable, then the indicator providing the most accurate measure of recreational water quality should be used in water-quality standards.\r\nWater-quality studies of the variability of concentrations of E. coli to fecal-coliform bacteria have shown that (1) concentrations of the two indicators are positively correlated, (2) E. coli to fecal-coliform ratios differ considerably from site to site, and (3) the E. coli criteria recommended by USEPA may be more difficult to meet than current (1992) fecal-coliform standards. In this study, a statistical analysis was done on concentrations of E. coli and fecal-coliform bacteria in water samples collected by two government agencies in Ohio-- the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). Data were organized initially into five data sets for statistical analysis: (1) Cuyahoga River, (2) Olentangy River, (3) Scioto River, (4) Ohio River at Anderson Ferry, and (5) Ohio River at Cincinnati Water Works and Tanners Creek. The USGS collected the data in sets 1, 2, and 3, whereas ORSANCO collected the data in sets 4 and 5. \r\n\r\nThe relation of E. coli to fecal-coliform concentration was investigated by use of linear-regression analysis and analysis of covariance. Log-transformed E. coli and fecal-coliform concentrations were highly correlated in all data sets (r-values ranged from 0.929 to 0.984). Linear regression analysis on USGS and ORSANCO data sets showed that concentration of E. coli could be predicted from fecal-coliform concentration (coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.863 to 0.970). Results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the predictive equations among the three USGS data sets and two ORSANCO data sets were not significantly different and that the data could be pooled into two large data sets, one for USGS data and one for ORSANCO data. However, results of ANCOVA indicated that USGS and ORSANCO data could not be pooled into one large data set. \r\n\r\nPredictions of E. coli concentrations calculated for USGS And ORSANCO regression relations, based on fecal-coliform concentrations set to equal Ohio water-quality standards, further showed the differences in E. coli to fecal-coliform relations among data sets. For USGS data, a predicted geometric mean of 176 col/100 mL (number of colonies per 100 milliliters) was greater than the current geometric-mean E. coli standard for bathing water of 126 col/100mL. In contrast, for ORSANCO data, the predicted geometric mean of 101 col/100 mL was less than the current E. coli standard.\r\n\r\nThe risk of illness associated with predicted E. coli concentrations for USGS and ORSANCO data was evaluated by use of the USEPA regression equation that predicts swimming-related gastroenteritis rates from E. coli concentrations.1 The predicted geometric-mean E. coli concentrations for bathing water of 176 col/100 mL for USGS data and 101 col/100 mL for ORSANCO data would allow 9.4 and 7.1 gastrointestinal illnesses per 1,000 swimmers, respectively. This prediction compares well with the illness rate of 8 individuals per 1,000 swimmers estimated by the USEPA for an E. coli concentration of 126 col/100 mL. Therefore, the","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri934083","usgsCitation":"Francy, D., Myers, D.N., and Metzker, K., 1993, Escherichia coli and fecal-coliform bacteria as indicators of recreational water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4083, iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934083.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francy, D.S. 0000-0001-9229-3557","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":86809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Donna N.","contributorId":63027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metzker, K.D.","contributorId":80272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzker","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28656,"text":"wri934088 - 1993 - Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:28:39.523298","indexId":"wri934088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4088","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1991","docAbstract":"Regional variability in water-level change in the High Plains aquifer underlying parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming results from large regional differences in climate, soils, land use, and ground-water withdrawals for irrigation. From the beginning of significant development of the High Plains aquifer for irrigation to 1980, substantial water-level declines have occurred in several areas. The estimated average area-weighted water-level decline from predevelopment to 1980 for the High Plains was 9.9 feet, an average annual decline of about 0.25 foot. These declines exceeded 100 feet in some parts of the Central and Southern High Plains. Declines were much smaller and less extensive in the Northern High Plains as a result of later irrigation development. Since 1980, water levels in those areas of large declines in the Central and Southern High Plains have continued to decline, but at a much slower annual rate. The estimated average area-weighted water-level decline from 1980 to 1991 for the entire High Plains was 1.41 feet, an average annual decline of about 0.13 foot. The relatively small decline since 1980, in relation to the declines prior to 1980, is associated with a decrease in ground-water application for irrigated agriculture and greater than normal precipitation. Water-conserving practices and technology, in addition to reductions in irrigated acreages, contributed to the decrease in ground-water withdrawals for irrigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934088","usgsCitation":"McGrath, T.J., and Dugan, J.T., 1993, Water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer -- Predevelopment to 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4088, vi, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934088.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392980,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47806.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -105.8203125,\n 31.353636941500987\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4792e4b07f02db48be3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGrath, T. J.","contributorId":92294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21173,"text":"ofr9378 - 1993 - Hydrologic and water-quality data in selected agricultural drainages in Beaufort and Hyde Counties, North Carolina, 1990-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:54:09","indexId":"ofr9378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-78","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data in selected agricultural drainages in Beaufort and Hyde Counties, North Carolina, 1990-92","docAbstract":"An investigation was begun in 1988 to: (1) quantify nutrient, sediment, and freshwater loadings in canals that collect drainage from cropland field ditches; (2) determine the effects of tide gates and flashboard risers on these loadings and on receiving water quality; and (3) characterize the effects of drainage on the salinity regime of a tidal creek. Data were collected in three canals in Hyde County, two canals in Beaufort County, and in Campbell Creek, which receives drainage directly from the Beaufort County canals. A tide gate was placed in one of the Hyde County canals near the beginning of the investigation. In August 1990 following more than 2 years of data collection, control structures were placed in the remaining two Hyde County canals. Flashboard risers were installed in the Beaufort County canals in April 1991. Hydrologic and water quality data are presented for each of the study sites for the period of October 1990 through May 1992. Following a description of the study sites and data collection methods, data are presented for the five drainage canals and Campbell Creek. The data collected included: (1) daily values of accumulated precipitation; (2) water level statistics; (3) daily mean values of discharge in the canals; (4) biweekly water quality measurements and sample analyses; (5) storm-event water quality measurements and sample analyses; (6) continuous records of specific conductance in the canals; (7) vertical profiles of salinity in Campbell Creek; and (8) daily mean values of salinity at five sites at Campbell Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9378","usgsCitation":"Treece, M., 1993, Hydrologic and water-quality data in selected agricultural drainages in Beaufort and Hyde Counties, North Carolina, 1990-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-78, vi, 98 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9378.","productDescription":"vi, 98 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":50766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0078/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Beaufort County, Hyde County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 34.34570381052938\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 35.88014896488361\n ],\n [\n -75.91827392578125,\n 35.88014896488361\n ],\n [\n -75.91827392578125,\n 34.34570381052938\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 34.34570381052938\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Treece, M.W. Jr.","contributorId":60255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29037,"text":"wri934005 - 1993 - Geohydrology and quality of shallow ground water at and near the Old Laurel County and G.C. Singleton landfills, Laurel County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-11T21:32:43.975878","indexId":"wri934005","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4005","title":"Geohydrology and quality of shallow ground water at and near the Old Laurel County and G.C. Singleton landfills, Laurel County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Between 1969 and 1983, solid and hazardous waste was deposited at the Old Laurel County and G.C. Singleton Landfills that were developed on a bench created by strip mining for coal. Water-level data from eight monitoring wells indicate that the general direction of groundwater flow in the shallow aquifer is toward Slate Lick, which is at a lower altitude than the landfills. Analyses of water samples from these wells indicate that the water quality near the landfills is similar to that expected in coal strip-mined areas. The pH of groundwater ranged from 4.6 to 6.2 and indicates acidic conditions. Elevated values of specific conductance in groundwater near the landfills may indicate the effects of landfill leachate or acid-mine drainage. The groundwater samples also contained high concentrations of dissolved constituents commonly associated with acid-mine drainage such as aluminum, iron, manganese, sulfate, and zinc. A relatively high concentration of fluoride, 4.5 mg/L, in water from one well may be related to landfill leachate. Except for 3,4-dichloro-benzoic acid, organic constituents were not detected in the groundwater samples. However, because of the widespread use of chemicals containing 3,4-dichloro-benzoic acid, the source of this constituent in the shallow aquifer system near the landfills cannot be determined.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934005","usgsCitation":"Parnell, J.M., 1993, Geohydrology and quality of shallow ground water at and near the Old Laurel County and G.C. Singleton landfills, Laurel County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4005, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934005.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394222,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47743.htm"},{"id":57904,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Laurel County","otherGeospatial":"Old Laurel County and G.C. Singleton landfills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.05,\n 37.1728\n ],\n [\n -84.0722,\n 37.1728\n ],\n [\n -84.0722,\n 37.1917\n ],\n [\n -84.05,\n 37.1917\n ],\n [\n -84.05,\n 37.1728\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parnell, J. M.","contributorId":13656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29036,"text":"wri924014 - 1993 - Water levels in selected wells and directions of ground-water movement near Fort Hall, Fort Hall Indian Reservation, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri924014","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4014","title":"Water levels in selected wells and directions of ground-water movement near Fort Hall, Fort Hall Indian Reservation, southeastern Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924014","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., and Young, H., 1993, Water levels in selected wells and directions of ground-water movement near Fort Hall, Fort Hall Indian Reservation, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4014, iv, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924014.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57903,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28844,"text":"wri934040 - 1993 - Use of a rainfall-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in the east fork Lobster Creek basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:30:19","indexId":"wri934040","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4040","title":"Use of a rainfall-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in the east fork Lobster Creek basin, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934040","usgsCitation":"Nakama, L., and Risley, J.C., 1993, Use of a rainfall-runoff model for simulating effects of forest management on streamflow in the east fork Lobster Creek basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4040, iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934040.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6050f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakama, L.Y.","contributorId":27097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakama","given":"L.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, J. C.","contributorId":88780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27688,"text":"wri934085 - 1993 - Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T19:17:52.050808","indexId":"wri934085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4085","title":"Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988","docAbstract":"The 1985-88 study period included hydrologic extremes throughout most of central California. Except for an 11-month period during and after the 1986 flood, San Joaquin River streamflows during 1985-88 were generally less than median for 1975-88. The Merced Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers together comprised 56 to 69 percent of the annual San Joaquin River flow, Salt and Mud Sloughs together comprised 6 to 19 percent, the upper San Joaquin River comprised 2 to 25 percent, and unmeasured sources from agricultural discharges and ground water accounted for 13 to 20 percent. Salt and Mud Sloughs and the unmeasured sources contribute most of the dissolved-solids load. The Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers greatly dilute dissolved-solids concentrations. Suspended-sediment concentration peaked sharply at more than 600 milligrams per liter during the flood of February 1986. Concentrations and loads varied seasonally during low-flow conditions, with concentrations highest during the early summer irrigation season. Trace elements present primarily in dissolved phases are arsenic, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and selenium. Boron concentrations exceeded the irrigation water-quality criterion of 750 micrograms per liter more than 75 percent of the time in Salt and Mud Sloughs and more than 50 percent of the time at three sites on the San Joaquin River. Selenium concentrations exceeded the aquatic-life criterion of 5 micrograms per liter more than 75 percent of the time in Salt Slough and more than 50 percent of the time in Mud Slough and in the San Joaquin River from Salt Slough to the Merced River confluence. Concentrations of dissolved solids, boron, and selenium usually are highest during late winter to early spring, lower in early summer, higher again in mid-to-late summer, and the lowest in autumn, and generally correspond to seasonal inflows of subsurface tile-drain water to Salt and Mud Sloughs. Trace elements present primarily in particulate phases are aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc, none of which cause significant water-quality problems in the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934085","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., and Gilliom, R.J., 1993, Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4085, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934085.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47803.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25408167229847,\n 37.7742724317164\n ],\n [\n -121.25408167229847,\n 37.05661752587558\n ],\n [\n -120.52163844023164,\n 37.05661752587558\n ],\n [\n -120.52163844023164,\n 37.7742724317164\n ],\n [\n -121.25408167229847,\n 37.7742724317164\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4cdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21523,"text":"ofr93422 - 1993 - Water-quality assessment of the central Nebraska basins; summary of data for recent conditions through 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr93422","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-422","title":"Water-quality assessment of the central Nebraska basins; summary of data for recent conditions through 1990","docAbstract":"Among the first activities undertaken in each National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program study-unit investigation are compilation, screening, and statistical summary of available data concerning recent, general water-quality conditions in the study unit. This report (1) identifies which of the existing water-quality data are suitable for characterizing general conditions in a nationally consistent manner and (2) describes, to the extent possible, recent, general water-quality conditions in the Central Nebraska Basins. The study unit con- sists of the area drained by the Platte River between the confluence of the North Platte and South Platte Rivers near North Platte downstream to its confluence with the Missouri River south of Omaha. The report includes (1) a description of the sources and characteristics of water-quality data that are available, (2) a description of the approach used for screening data to identify a subset of the data suitable for summary and comparisons, (3) a presen- tation of the results of statistical and graphical summaries of recent, general water-quality con- ditions, and (4) comparisons of recent, general water-quality conditions to established national water-quality criteria, where applicable. Stream- and lake-water data are summarized for selected sampling sites, and data are summarized by major subunits of the study unit (the Sandhills, Loess Hills, Glaciated Area, and Platte Valley subunits) for streambed-sediment, fish-tissue, aquatic- ecological, and ground-water data. The summaries focus on the central tendencies and typical variation in the data and use nonparametric statistics such as frequencies and percentile values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93422","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Jordan, P.R., 1993, Water-quality assessment of the central Nebraska basins; summary of data for recent conditions through 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-422, viii, 178 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93422.","productDescription":"viii, 178 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0422/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0422/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c5e4b07f02db53fc01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordan, P. R.","contributorId":7282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17749,"text":"ofr93112 - 1993 - Summary of water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal years 1989-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T19:44:53.943975","indexId":"ofr93112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-112","title":"Summary of water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Texas– Fiscal years 1989-92","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1879, to provide a permanent Federal agency to conduct the systematic and scientific classification of the public lands and to examine the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of national domain. An integral part of that original mission includes publishing and disseminating the earth science information needed to understand, to plan the use of, and to manage the Nation's energy, land, mineral, and water resources.
\nSince 1879, the research and fact-finding role of the USGS has grown and been modified to meet the changing needs of the Nation it serves. As part of that evolution, the USGS has become the Federal Government's largest earth-science research agency, the Nation's largest civilian mapmaking agency, the primary source of data on the Nation's surface- and ground-water resources, and the employer of the largest number of professional earth scientists. Today's (1992) programs serve a diversity of needs and users.
\nAlong with its continuing commitment to meet the growing and changing earth-science information needs of the Nation, the USGS remains dedicated to its original mission to collect, analyze, interpret, publish, and disseminate information about the natural resources of the Nation-providing \"earth science in the public service.\"
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