Four moderate earthquakes (M = 3.6 to 3.8) have occurred on the San Andreas fault in central California since October, 1977. These earthquakes are the first since 1974 to occur at this magnitude level within the array of tilt, strain, and magnetic instruments between Chalome (35.726N, 12.249 W) and San Francisco (37.79N, 122.23W) shown in Figure 1. They offer, therefore, one of the few opportunities to search for indications of precursive ground deformation. Furthermore, several other geophysical parameters such as resistivity, creek, radon, seismicity, geodetic strain, etc, are also monitored and allow comparisons for some of these events. This note reports comparative data and some possible implications in continuous strain, tilt, magnetic field and other measurements obtained from instruments within 10 km of the epicenters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78987","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., Jones, A., Mortensen, C., and Smith, B., 1978, Continuous tilt, strain, and magnetic field measurements near four earthquakes (ML = 3.6 to 3.8) on the San Andreas fault, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-987, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78987.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429181,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0987/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147552,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0987/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.04892001229514,\n 38.21407111486016\n ],\n [\n -123.04892001229514,\n 34.80815613844645\n ],\n [\n -118.92220349107271,\n 34.80815613844645\n ],\n [\n -118.92220349107271,\n 38.21407111486016\n ],\n [\n -123.04892001229514,\n 38.21407111486016\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, A.C.","contributorId":26302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mortensen, C.E.","contributorId":91503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, B.E.","contributorId":36495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":17937,"text":"ofr781013 - 1978 - RFM (relative fraction magnitude): program explanation and computer program listing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:20","indexId":"ofr781013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1013","title":"RFM (relative fraction magnitude): program explanation and computer program listing","docAbstract":"The RFM (relative fraction magnitude) program is proposed as an aid in the estimation of depth to ore-mineral concentration. This estimate is based on the determination of the relative position of the sampled surface plane within the zonational framework of a hydrothermal sulfide mineralization. The program requires analytical data on two sample fractions collected at the same localities. The first of these must selectively concentrate iron and manganese oxides (exclusive of magnetite) and, the other, the sulfides and their oxidized zone derivatives.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781013","usgsCitation":"Alminas, H.V., and Van Trump, G., 1978, RFM (relative fraction magnitude): program explanation and computer program listing: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1013, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781013.","productDescription":"24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47179,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alminas, Henry V.","contributorId":59783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alminas","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Trump, George","contributorId":19156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Trump","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11342,"text":"ofr78591 - 1978 - The utility of petroleum seismic exploration data in delineating structural features within salt anticlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:23","indexId":"ofr78591","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-591","title":"The utility of petroleum seismic exploration data in delineating structural features within salt anticlines","docAbstract":"The Salt Valley anticline, in the Paradox Basin of southeastern Utah, is under investigation for use as a location for storage of solid nuclear waste. Delineation of thin, nonsalt interbeds within the upper reaches of the salt body is extremely important because the nature and character of any such fluid- or gas-saturated horizons would be critical to the mode of emplacement of wastes into the structure. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of 50 km of conventional seismic-reflection data, in the vicinity of the anticline, indicates that mapping of thin beds at shallow depths may well be possible using a specially designed adaptation of state-of-the-art seismic oil-exploration procedures. Computer ray-trace modeling of thin beds in salt reveals that the frequency and spatial resolution required to map the details of interbeds at shallow depths (less than 750 m) may be on the order of 500 Hz, with surface-spread lengths of less than 350 m. Consideration should be given to the burial of sources and receivers in order to attenuate surface noise and to record the desired high frequencies. \r\n\r\nCorrelation of the seismic-reflection data with available well data and surface geology reveals the complex, structurally initiated diapir, whose upward flow was maintained by rapid contemporaneous deposition of continental clastic sediments on its flanks. Severe collapse faulting near the crests of these structures has distorted the seismic response. Evidence exists, however, that intrasalt thin beds of anhydrite, dolomite, and black shale are mappable on seismic record sections either as short, discontinuous reflected events or as amplitude anomalies that result from focusing of the reflected seismic energy by the thin beds; computer modeling of the folded interbeds confirms both of these as possible causes of seismic response from within the salt diapir. Prediction of the seismic signatures of the interbeds can be made from computer-model studies. \r\n\r\nPetroleum seismic-reflection data are unsatisfactory for mapping the thin beds because of the lack of sufficient resolution to provide direct evidence of the presence of the thin beds. However, indirect evidence, present in these data as discontinuous seismic events, suggests that two geophysical techniques designed for this specific problem would allow direct detection of the interbeds in salt. These techniques are vertical seismic profiling and shallow, short-offset, high-frequency, seismic-reflection recording.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78591","usgsCitation":"Stockton, S., and Balch, A.H., 1978, The utility of petroleum seismic exploration data in delineating structural features within salt anticlines: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-591, ii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (41 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78591.","productDescription":"ii, 36 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.; (41 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0591/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39150,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0591/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f170","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockton, S.L.","contributorId":89139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockton","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balch, Alfred H.","contributorId":71553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balch","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11572,"text":"ofr78692 - 1978 - Update and revision of brachiopod collections of the Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations (Permian) of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-22T20:15:52.440693","indexId":"ofr78692","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-692","title":"Update and revision of brachiopod collections of the Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations (Permian) of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The numerous collections amassed by the U.S. Geological Survey's study of the Western Phosphate Field have been examined. Many collections already have been discarded; and only those still housed at the Smithsonian are dealt with in this paper. Future studies of the biostratigraphy and paleogeography of the Phosphoria Formation and related rocks will be based on this data. Sections and samples are those presented by Yochelson (1968). In this paper, the brachiopods of each sample are listed. New and undescribed forms (in quotations) are presented as the closest allied and described taxon. Lingula and Orbiculoidea are not listed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78692","usgsCitation":"Wardlaw, B.R., 1978, Update and revision of brachiopod collections of the Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations (Permian) of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-692, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78692.","productDescription":"80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0692/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0692/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":163377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17646,"text":"ofr781022 - 1978 - Seismic engineering data report: Romanian and Greek records, 1972-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:28","indexId":"ofr781022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1022","title":"Seismic engineering data report: Romanian and Greek records, 1972-77","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781022","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.G., Rojahn, C., Perez, V., Carydis, P., and Shokos, J., 1978, Seismic engineering data report: Romanian and Greek records, 1972-77: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1022, 221 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (231 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781022.","productDescription":"221 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; (231 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rojahn, C.","contributorId":7288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojahn","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perez, V.","contributorId":17224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carydis, P.G.","contributorId":95905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carydis","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shokos, J.G.","contributorId":40235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shokos","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":17569,"text":"ofr781012 - 1978 - Principal facts for a set of regional gravity data for the Las Vegas 1 degree by 2 degrees sheet, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr781012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1012","title":"Principal facts for a set of regional gravity data for the Las Vegas 1 degree by 2 degrees sheet, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781012","usgsCitation":"Reidy, D., Kane, M.F., Healey, D., Peterson, D.L., and Kaufmann, H.E., 1978, Principal facts for a set of regional gravity data for the Las Vegas 1 degree by 2 degrees sheet, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1012, 40 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781012.","productDescription":"40 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1012/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46771,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1012/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reidy, Denis","contributorId":14438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidy","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kane, M. F.","contributorId":45708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Healey, D.L.","contributorId":52964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":176925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, D. L.","contributorId":36484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufmann, H. E.","contributorId":40215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufmann","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":176923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":11405,"text":"ofr78187 - 1978 - Characteristics of the Landsat Multispectral Data System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T14:54:19","indexId":"ofr78187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-187","title":"Characteristics of the Landsat Multispectral Data System","docAbstract":"Landsat satellites were launched into orbit in 1972 and 1975. Additional Landsat satellites are planned for launch in 1978 and 1981. The satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 900 km and each can obtain repetitive coverage of cloud-free areas every 18 days. A sun-synchronous orbit is used to insure repeatable illumination conditions. Repetitive satellite coverage allows optimal cover conditions for geologic applications to be identified. Seasonal variations in solar illumination must be analyzed to select the best Landsat data for geologic applications. Landsat data may be viewed in stereo where there is sufficient sidelap and sufficient topographic relief. Landsat-1 ceased operation on January 10, 1978. Landsat-2 detects, only solar radiation that is reflected from the Earth's surface in visible and near-visible wavelengths. The third Landsat will also detect emitted thermal radiation. The multispectral scanner (MSS) was the only sensing instrument used on the first two satellites. The MSS on Landsats-1 and -2 detect radiation which is reflected from a 79 m by 79 m area, and the data are formatted as if the measurement was made from a 56 m by 79 m area.\r\n\r\nThe MSS integrates spectral response from all cover types within the 79 m by 79 m area. The integrated spectral signature often does not resemble the spectral signature from individual cover types, and the integrated signature is also modified by the atmosphere. Landsat-1 and -2 data are converted to 70 mm film and computer compatible tapes (CCT's) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC); these are shipped to the EROS Data Center (EDC) for duplication and distribution to users. Landsat-C data will be converted to 241 mm-wide film and CCT's at EDC. Landsat-D data will be relayed from the satellite directly to geosynchronous satellites and then to the United States from any location on Earth.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78187","usgsCitation":"Taranik, J.V., 1978, Characteristics of the Landsat Multispectral Data System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-187, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78187.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cae4b07f02db5d766c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taranik, James V.","contributorId":67514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10875,"text":"ofr7829 - 1978 - Ground water withdrawn for municipal, industrial, and irrigation use in the Upper Peace and Alafia River basins, west-central Florida, 1970-74","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr7829","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-29","title":"Ground water withdrawn for municipal, industrial, and irrigation use in the Upper Peace and Alafia River basins, west-central Florida, 1970-74","docAbstract":"Data are presented for ground-water withdrawals for municipal, industrial and irrigation use in the upper Peace and Alafia River basins during 1970-71. Within the 1,160-square-mile study area, the principal source of ground water is the Floridan aquifer. Methods used to determine ground-water withdrawal include: metering water use; relating measured well discharge to power consumption of pumping time; and relating water use to phosphate production, citrus irrigation or processing. About 90 percent of municipal pumpage is metered, and annual pumpage increased from 11,165 million gallons in 1970 to 13,455 in 1974. Water use per ton of phosphate produced is estimated to be 3,320 gallons per ton prior to 1971 and 2,460 gallons per ton from 1971 through 1974. Estimated ground-eater use by the phosphate industry has declined from 93.3 billion gallons in 1970 to 78.7 in 1974. Citrus irrigation pumpage is obtained by extrapolating pumpage obtained from pilot areas of unmeasured areas and has declined from 33.4 billion gallons in 1970 to 31.3 in 1974. The citrus processing industry used about 4.9 billion gallons in 1970 and about 5.9 in 1974. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7829","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"Robertson, A.F., Mills, L.R., and Parsons, D., 1978, Ground water withdrawn for municipal, industrial, and irrigation use in the Upper Peace and Alafia River basins, west-central Florida, 1970-74: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-29, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7829.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94472,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015018204951?urlappend=%3Bseq=3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Alton F.","contributorId":71177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Alton","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, L. R.","contributorId":26281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, D.C.","contributorId":16413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19212,"text":"ofr78437 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area, 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T22:48:13.526399","indexId":"ofr78437","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-437","title":"Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area, 1976","docAbstract":"Hydrologic investigations of urban watersheds in Texas were begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1954. These studies are now in progress in Austin, Dallas, Dallas County, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78437","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas and the Dallas County Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Hampton, B., and Wood, C., 1978, Hydrologic data for urban studies in the Dallas, Texas metropolitan area, 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-437, 163 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78437.","productDescription":"163 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0437/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0437/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -95.47119140625,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 32.01739159980399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607c95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, B.B.","contributorId":43362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C.M.","contributorId":106454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11406,"text":"ofr78117 - 1978 - Principles of computer processing of Landsat data for geologic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T14:49:59","indexId":"ofr78117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-117","title":"Principles of computer processing of Landsat data for geologic applications","docAbstract":"The main objectives of computer processing of Landsat data for geologic applications are to improve display of image data to the analyst or to facilitate evaluation of the multispectral characteristics of the data. Interpretations of the data are made from enhanced and classified data by an analyst trained in geology. Image enhancements involve adjustments of brightness values for individual picture elements. Image classification involves determination of the brightness values of picture elements for a particular cover type. Histograms are used to display the range and frequency of occurrence of brightness values. \r\n\r\nLandsat-1 and -2 data are preprocessed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to adjust for the detector response of the multispectral scanner (MSS). Adjustments are applied to minimize the effects of striping, adjust for bad-data lines and line segments and lost individual pixel data. Because illumination conditions and landscape characteristics vary considerably and detector response changes with time, the radiometric adjustments applied at GSFC are seldom perfect and some detector striping remain in Landsat data. Rotation of the Earth under the satellite and movements of the satellite platform introduce geometric distortions in the data that must also be compensated for if image data are to be correctly displayed to the data analyst. Adjustments to Landsat data are made to compensate for variable solar illumination and for atmospheric effects. GeoMetric registration of Landsat data involves determination of the spatial location of a pixel in. the output image and the determination of a new value for the pixel. \r\n\r\nThe general objective of image enhancement is to optimize display of the data to the analyst. Contrast enhancements are employed to expand the range of brightness values in Landsat data so that the data can be efficiently recorded in a manner desired by the analyst. Spatial frequency enhancements are designed to enhance boundaries between features which have subtle differences in brightness values. Ratioing tends to reduce the effects due to topography and it tends to emphasize changes in brightness values between two Landsat bands. Simulated natural color is produced for geologists so that the colors of materials on images appear similar to colors of actual materials in the field. \r\n\r\nImage classification of Landsat data involves both machine assisted delineation of multispectral patterns in four-dimensional spectral space and identification of machine delineated multispectral patterns that represent particular cover conditions. The geological information derived from an analysis of a multispectral classification is usually related to lithology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78117","usgsCitation":"Taranik, J.V., 1978, Principles of computer processing of Landsat data for geologic applications: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-117, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78117.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":39229,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0117/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taranik, James V.","contributorId":67514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taranik","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10570,"text":"ofr78845 - 1978 - Geologic interpretation of gravity data from the Date Creek basin and adjacent areas, west-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T21:06:24.569281","indexId":"ofr78845","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-845","title":"Geologic interpretation of gravity data from the Date Creek basin and adjacent areas, west-central Arizona","docAbstract":"A gravity survey of the Date Creek Basin and adjacent areas was conducted in June 1977 to provide information for the interpretation of basin geology. A comparison of facies relations in the locally uraniferous Chapin Wash Formation and the position of the Anderson mine gravity anomaly in the Date Creek Basin suggested that a relationship between gravity lows and the development of thick lacustrine sections in the region might exist. A second-order residual gravity map derived from the complete Bouguer gravity map for the survey area (derived from survey data and pre-existing U.S. Department of Defense data) shows an excellent correspondence between gravity lows and sediment-filled basins and suggests considerable variation in basin-fill thickness. Using the Anderson mine anomaly as a model, gravity data and facies relations suggest that the southeastern flank of the Aguila Valley gravity low and the gravity low at the western end of the Hassayampa Plain are likely areas for finding thick sections of tuffaceous lacustrine rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78845","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., and Wynn, J.C., 1978, Geologic interpretation of gravity data from the Date Creek basin and adjacent areas, west-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-845, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78845.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74941.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":38402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0845/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0845/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Date Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 33.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynn, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":81081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17206,"text":"ofr77575 - 1978 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17206,"text":"ofr77575 - 1978 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"ofr77575","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047613,"text":"70047613 - 1980 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"70047613","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047613,"text":"70047613 - 1980 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"70047613","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T09:16:37","indexId":"ofr77575","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-575","title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","docAbstract":"From October 1971 through October 1974, the U.S. Geological Survey collected groundwater data in the basins in Texas west of the Pecos River drainage area and northwest of the Big Bend country. The basins included are, from east to west: The Presidio Bolson; the Salt Basin; Green River Valley, Eagle Flat, and Red Light Draw. The data collection program consisted of an inventory of all major irrigation, municipal-supply, and industrial wells; selected stock and domestic wells; and selected springs. Water samples were collected from representative wells and springs for chemical analyses. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77575","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Gates, J.S., Smith, J.T., and Fry, B., 1978, Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-575, iii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77575.","productDescription":"iii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald Edward","contributorId":84731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, J. S.","contributorId":99553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Joe T.","contributorId":20697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, B.J.","contributorId":20343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":11041,"text":"ofr78567 - 1978 - Hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Boulder-Fort Collins-Greeley area, Front Range urban corridor, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:20","indexId":"ofr78567","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-567","title":"Hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Boulder-Fort Collins-Greeley area, Front Range urban corridor, Colorado","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey 's investigations of the hydrology and geology in the Front Range Urban Corridor of Colorado, hydrologic data relating to water-table aquifers were compiled during 1976-77. These data consisting of records of 446 wells and chemical analyses of water from 208 wells in the Boulder--Fort Collins--Greeley area, are presented in tabular form. The well-data tables contain records that were collected during 1976-77. The chemical analysis tables contain records that were collected during 1956-77. State and local officials in the Boulder--Fort Collins--Greeley area may find these data useful in planning for residential, commercial, and industrial development. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78567","usgsCitation":"Schneider, P., and Hillier, D.E., 1978, Hydrologic data for water-table aquifers in the Boulder-Fort Collins-Greeley area, Front Range urban corridor, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-567, iv, 55 p. :maps (1 col., fold. in pocket) ;29 cm.; (67 p., 1 sheet - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78567.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p. :maps (1 col., fold. in pocket) ;29 cm.; (67 p., 1 sheet - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0567/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38810,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0567/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38811,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0567/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60793d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Paul A.","contributorId":32509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Paul A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hillier, Donald E.","contributorId":105282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillier","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18203,"text":"ofr78239 - 1978 - Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-09T10:18:08","indexId":"ofr78239","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-239","title":"Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978","docAbstract":"This report contains lists of streamflow and reservoir stations, peak-flow partial-record stations, chemical-quality stations, sediment stations, and observation wells where water levels are measured in Wyoming. The locations of the basic-data sites are shown on maps. Thirty-two water-resources appraisal projects in Wyoming are also described, including many that are related to the development of energy resources. The general locations of the projects are shown on maps. The report serves as an annual progress report to cooperators and the public.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Cheyenne, WY","doi":"10.3133/ofr78239","usgsCitation":"Boner, F.C., 1978, Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, fiscal year 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-239, v, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78239.","productDescription":"v, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":47568,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0239/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boner, F. C.","contributorId":32136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boner","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18298,"text":"ofr78963 - 1978 - Floods of July 19-20, 1977 in the Johnstown area, western Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-27T11:57:22","indexId":"ofr78963","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-963","title":"Floods of July 19-20, 1977 in the Johnstown area, western Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Intense rainfall on the evening of July 19 and early morning hours of July 20, 1977, resulted in moderate to record flooding throughout much of an eight-county area of southwest Pennsylvania. In a 400-square-mile area directly north and east of Johnstown, rainfall totals of 6 to 12 inches were measured in a six to eight-hour period. Flood peaks having recurrence intervals greater than 100 years were recorded at several sites, primarily in the Conemaugh River basin. Runoff rates were as high as 2,390 cubic feet per second per square mile, in a 5.86-square-mile drainage area in the Little Conemaugh River basin. The Conemaugh River at Seward, which drains 715 square miles, had a peak discharge of 161 cubic feet per second per square mile. The flood waters claimed at least 78 lives and caused total losses in excess of $300 million. Also, seven earthfill dams, used mainly for water supply in the Johnstown area, failed. This report describes the storm and the associated flooding. A tabulation of peak gage heights and discharges for the July 1977 flood and for the maximum flood previously known is included for 57 sites. Data pertaining to the dams that failed are included also. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","doi":"10.3133/ofr78963","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania.Department of Environmental Resources and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Pittsburgh District","usgsCitation":"Brua, S.A., 1978, Floods of July 19-20, 1977 in the Johnstown area, western Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-963, viii, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78963.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"72","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":151758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0963/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":279466,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0963/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Johnstown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.02122497558594,\n 40.27350122374328\n ],\n [\n -78.80870819091797,\n 40.27350122374328\n ],\n [\n -78.80870819091797,\n 40.37427447537182\n ],\n [\n -79.02122497558594,\n 40.37427447537182\n ],\n [\n -79.02122497558594,\n 40.27350122374328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfb74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brua, Stan A.","contributorId":58292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brua","given":"Stan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10618,"text":"ofr78355 - 1978 - Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T21:37:50.853121","indexId":"ofr78355","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-355","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977","docAbstract":"This report presents hydraulic and chemical data collected from March 1970 to December 1977 at a deep-well waste-injection system at the Monsanto Company's plant near Pensacola, Florida. The injection system presently consists of Injection Well A, Injection Well B, and two deep monitor wells all completed open hole in the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer and one shallow monitor well completed in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. The two deep monitor wells are used to observe hydraulic and geochemical effects of waste injection in the injection zone at locations 1.5 miles south-southeast and 1.9 miles north-northwest of the center of the injection site. The shallow monitor well, used to observe any effects in the first permeable zone above the 220-foot-thick confining bed, is 100 feet northeast of Injection Well A.
Since injection began in July 1963, about 14.2 billion gallons of acidic industrial waste consisting of an aqueous solution of nitric acid, inorganic salts, and numerous organic compounds have been injected into a limestone aquifer containing saline water. From July 1963 to April 1968, the pH of the waste was raised to about 5.5 with aqueous ammonia prior to injection. Since 1968, no aqueous ammonia has been added and the waste has been injected at a pH of about 2.3. Wellhead injection pressures at both injection wells in December 1977 averaged 170 pounds per square inch and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.52 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Increases in pressures since 1970 at the north and south monitor wells ranged from 21 to 31 pounds per square inch. The pressure in the shallow monitor well declined about 6 pounds per square inch.
No changes were detected in the chemical characteristics of water from the shallow monitor and the north monitor wells. Since late 1973, concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon in water from the south monitor well have increased. These increases in bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon have been accompanied by increases in gas content of water at the point of discharge from the well and a distinctive odor like that of the waste. In samples of water from the south monitor well, concentrations of nitrogen gas ranged from 5.1 to 12.7 milligrams per liter, methane from 24 to 70 milligrams per liter, and carbon dioxide from 14 to 56 milligrams per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78355","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., and Martin, J., 1978, Hydrologic monitoring of waste-injection wells near Pensacola, Florida, March 1970 - December 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-355, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78355.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0355/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0355/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Pensacola","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4352973536881,\n 30.602838004118823\n ],\n [\n -87.4352973536881,\n 30.347295597488937\n ],\n [\n -87.03446660204348,\n 30.347295597488937\n ],\n [\n -87.03446660204348,\n 30.602838004118823\n ],\n [\n -87.4352973536881,\n 30.602838004118823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6065aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascale, Charles A.","contributorId":99978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":9849,"text":"ofr78921 - 1978 - Geologic conditions in the Baltimore Canyon Trough area: A summary of U.S.G.S. second-year environment studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-20T14:52:54.065878","indexId":"ofr78921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-921","title":"Geologic conditions in the Baltimore Canyon Trough area: A summary of U.S.G.S. second-year environment studies","docAbstract":"Geologic studies of the outer Continental Shelf off the Middle Atlantic States (Baltimore Canyon Trough Area) have been carried out for two years to assess conditions and hazards which might cause or distribute oil spills and other potential pollution associated with petroleum exploration and development. These detailed investigations were requested and funded by the Bureau of Land Management to carry out its responsibility under the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Lands Act (67 Stat 462) of 1953 and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Because of the energy crisis, these studies had to be mounted quickly so that a substantial body of data would be available for making decisions concerning environmental constraints on potential lease tracts. Indeed, pertinent data were available prior to Lease Sale #40 in the Middle Atlantic in August 1976. This was in part due to the alacrity of BLM's Environmental Division management, and in part due to the depth of USGS' experience in the area. For example, geophysical data and bottom samples had been collected since 1962 as part of the Geological Survey's role to \"conduct geological and geophysical exploration in the Outer Continental Shelf\" (43 U.S.C. 1340). At the advent of the energy crisis, the Atlantic-Gulf Coast Branch focused in-house resources and environmental assessment efforts on the Middle Atlantic OCS area. Thus, considerable information was available to guide the needed detailed studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78921","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1978, Geologic conditions in the Baltimore Canyon Trough area: a summary of U.S.G.S. second-year environment studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-921, ii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78921.","productDescription":"ii, 33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0921/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":500173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0921/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Canyon Trough area","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a647d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15554,"text":"ofr781077C - 1978 - Analyses and description of geochemical samples, Peters Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Giles County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr781077C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1077","chapter":"C","title":"Analyses and description of geochemical samples, Peters Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Giles County, Virginia","docAbstract":"Semiquantitative emission spectrographic analyses for 64 elements on 43 stream sediment and 73 rock samples from Peters Mountain Wilderness Study area, Giles County, Virginia, are reported here in detail. Locations for all samples are in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. Brie[ descriptions of rock samples are also included. Rocks analysed are mostly sandstone. Samples of hematitic sandstone of the Rose Hill Formation and limonite-cemented sandstone of the Rocky Gap Sandstone contain high values of iron; these rocks are submarginal iron resources. Some of the same iron-rich samples have a little more barium, copper, cobalt, lead, silver, and/or zinc then average sandstone, but they do not suggest the presence of economic deposits of these metals. No other obviously anomalous values related to mineralized rock are present in the data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781077C","usgsCitation":"Rait, N., and Lesure, F.G., 1978, Analyses and description of geochemical samples, Peters Mountain Wilderness Study Area, Giles County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1077, 16 p. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781077C.","productDescription":"16 p. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1077c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68367d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rait, Norma","contributorId":44128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesure, Frank Gardner","contributorId":70752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Gardner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18231,"text":"ofr78879 - 1978 - Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T18:20:12.590485","indexId":"ofr78879","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-879","title":"Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density","docAbstract":"The distribution of major geologic units of uniform relative age exposed in the far eastern maria (i.e., Mare Marginis, Mare Smythii, and Mare Crisium) and Mare Humorum was compiled in map form on the basis of a crater density mapping technique. Correlation of crater densities and radiometric ages of Apollo landing sites provide estimates of the absolute age for the units. Results indicate that the far eastern maria were emplaced over a period of approximately 1.25 b.y., from about 3.75 b.y. to 2.5 b.y. before present. Extensive young mare units (~ 2.5 ± 0.5 b.y.) occur in all three large far eastern maria. Major old units (~ 3.65 ± 0.05 b.y.) occur in central Mare Crisium and eastern Mare Marginis. Correlation of the age data and remote sensing data suggests that: (1) both young and old units have relatively high Mg/A1 ratios and are relatively rich in Fe and Ti, whereas intermediate age units have lower Mg/Al ratios and less Fe and Ti. A similar relationship previously noted for other maria suggests that this applied throughout the lunar maria; (2) older units generally have higher remnant magnetism than younger units - a relationship also previously noted for other lunar maria and attributed to a steady decline of a primodial lunar magnetic field, and (3) all age units in the eastern maria have relatively low natural radioactivity or abundances of Th, K, and U compared to the western maria (particularly in the Mare Imbrium area). The presence of young lava flows in both the eastern and western maria suggests that the relative abundance of these radioactive elements has played only a minor role in controlling the duration and location of mare volcanism.
The crater-density relative age data presented here correlate in a linear fashion with crater-morphology relative age data. A combination of these data provides a nearly complete map of the distribution of units of uniform relative age of the lunar maria and shows that, as previously suggested, the older units (> 3.5 b.y. old) are generally located along the basin edges and the younger units (< 3.5 b.y. old) are generally in the basin centers. However, this map also shows that the vents for the flows of the young units must be located on the edges of the basins. These observations support tectonic models of basin subsidence caused by isostatic adjustment to the weight of the lava and to subsurface evacuation and subsequent collapse as the lavas were erupted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78879","usgsCitation":"Boyce, J.M., 1978, Ages of flow units in the far eastern lunar maria based on crater density: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-879, ii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78879.","productDescription":"ii, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0879/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0879/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyce, Joseph M.","contributorId":52963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10508,"text":"ofr78947 - 1978 - Sediment transport by irrigation return flows on the Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T12:31:16","indexId":"ofr78947","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-947","title":"Sediment transport by irrigation return flows on the Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons","docAbstract":"As determined from data collected at 10 sites on the Yakima Indian Reservation during the 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons (April-September), seasonal sediment discharges in irrigation return flows ranged from 11,000 tons from Marion Drain and Satus Drain 302, to 400 tons from Coulee Drain. There was little variation between the sediment discharges of the 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons except those from Satus Drain 302. Due to the lack of natural runoff during those seasons, no distinction could be made between sediment discharges from irrigated and nonirrigated areas. No significant or usable relationships were found between suspended-sediment concentration and concurrent water turbidity or discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78947","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L.M., 1978, Sediment transport by irrigation return flows on the Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington 1975 and 1976 irrigation seasons: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-947, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78947.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359568,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0947/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0947/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.36346435546874,\n 46.175075887712296\n ],\n [\n -119.87869262695312,\n 46.175075887712296\n ],\n [\n -119.87869262695312,\n 46.43407119942979\n ],\n [\n -120.36346435546874,\n 46.43407119942979\n ],\n [\n -120.36346435546874,\n 46.175075887712296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Leonard M.","contributorId":96695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11442,"text":"ofr78346 - 1978 - Chemical and mineralogical evaluation of soils, Hanging Woman Creek EMRIA site, Big Horn County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-21T22:16:36.523639","indexId":"ofr78346","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-346","title":"Chemical and mineralogical evaluation of soils, Hanging Woman Creek EMRIA site, Big Horn County, Montana","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study is to provide chemical and mineralogical data on the soil resource at the Hanging Woman Creek Energy Mineral Rehabilitation Inventory and Analysis (EMRIA) site. These data will contribute to the potential-reclamation evaluation in the event that the area is disturbed by strip mining for the underlying coal deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78346","usgsCitation":"Tidball, R.R., 1978, Chemical and mineralogical evaluation of soils, Hanging Woman Creek EMRIA site, Big Horn County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-346, iv, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78346.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0346/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0346/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Big Horn County","otherGeospatial":"Hanging Woman Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.62268447875977,\n 45.00025255079322\n ],\n [\n -108.62182617187499,\n 44.11815563115412\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 44.156592967556605\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 44.21174128124646\n ],\n [\n -107.138671875,\n 44.33170718680922\n ],\n [\n -107.13317871093749,\n 44.378839759088585\n ],\n [\n -107.28424072265625,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -107.44354248046875,\n 44.57090430226871\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 44.67255939212045\n ],\n [\n -107.633056640625,\n 44.73697895420882\n ],\n [\n -107.808837890625,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -107.86651611328124,\n 44.91619436708162\n ],\n [\n -107.89329528808594,\n 45.001344981876535\n ],\n [\n -108.62268447875977,\n 45.00025255079322\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e486e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tidball, Ronald R.","contributorId":12032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tidball","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":11439,"text":"ofr7826 - 1978 - Contact-metasomatic magnetite deposit, Medfra Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T17:39:06.707771","indexId":"ofr7826","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-26","title":"Contact-metasomatic magnetite deposit, Medfra Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"A small contact-metasomatic magnetite deposit was discovered in the Medfra quadrangle, Alaska, in 1976. It occurs at the contact between a Cretaceous or early Tertiary quartz monzonite stock and Paleozoic limestone and dolomite. The ore is a magnetite-clinohumite-hematite rock that contains up to 60 volume percent magnetite and 76 weight percent total iron expressed as FeO. Computer modelling of data derived from a ground-level magnetometer survey yielded an estimate of the shape and volume of the deposit. The volume is grossly estimated at 11,6003m .
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7826","usgsCitation":"Throckmorton, M., and Patton, W.W., 1978, Contact-metasomatic magnetite deposit, Medfra Quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-26, i, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7826.","productDescription":"i, 13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420668,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Medfra Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156,63 ], [ -156,64 ], [ -153,64 ], [ -153,63 ], [ -156,63 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a28a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Throckmorton, M.L.","contributorId":97914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Throckmorton","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patton, William Wallace","contributorId":77129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Wallace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18241,"text":"ofr78941 - 1978 - Strong-motion earthquake accelerograms digitization and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T20:39:03.87779","indexId":"ofr78941","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-941","title":"Strong-motion earthquake accelerograms digitization and analysis","docAbstract":"This is the third of a series of reports planned to include the results of digitization and routine analyses of strong-motion earthquake accelerograms published by the U.S. Geological Survey. Serving as a model for this effort is the collection of data reports published by the Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology during the years 1969 - 1975 and covering the significant records of the period from 133 up to the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971. Earlier reports in the present series have covered the significant records of 1971 subsequent to San Fernando (Open file report No. 76-609) and Peru records from 1951 to 1974 (Open file report No. 77-587). The present report includes a selection of 1972 records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78941","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.G., and Perez, V., 1978, Strong-motion earthquake accelerograms digitization and analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-941, iii, 128 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78941.","productDescription":"iii, 128 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":422944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0941/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0941/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez, Virgilio","contributorId":37740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"Virgilio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10602,"text":"ofr781106 - 1978 - Results and interpretation of geophysical studies near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:26","indexId":"ofr781106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1106","title":"Results and interpretation of geophysical studies near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona","docAbstract":"Earth fissuring attributed to ground-water withdrawal occurs throughout south-central Arizona. A large zone of active fissures is located near Picacho, Arizona on the eastern rim of a large subsidence bowl. The main fissure has been named the Picacho fault. During February and March 1977, approximately 6.5 km of seismic-refraction lines were run across the Picacho fault to investigate subsurface conditions down to the crystalline basement. In addition, two lines of close-spaced gravity stations were made across the fault. The gross geologic features inferred from the gravity data agree with the seismic interpretations.\r\n\r\nSix layers were interpreted from the seismic refraction data: three layers of unconsolidated alluvium, two of denser rock of varying porosity, and the basement rock. Three significant basement faults were identified. These faults appear to lie almost directly beneath the surface fissures. Abrupt slope changes in the alluvial layers and an abrupt velocity change in the denser compacted sediments seem to be related spatially to the surface fissures. In addition there are lateral velocity differences within the basement fault blocks.\r\n\r\nIn the overlying sediments a facies change in a 3.0 km/sec layer is suggested by the abrupt lateral velocity increase from 3.0 km/sec to 3.7 km/sec. This apparent facies change may in fact represent a fault plane extending upwards from the westernmost basement fault. This fault plane may even extend farther into the unconsolidated overlying sediments, inferred from basinward increases in slope, subtle basinward decreases in velocity, and a basinward elevation decrease in the top of the zone of saturation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr781106","usgsCitation":"Pankratz, L.W., Ackermann, H.D., and Jachens, R.C., 1978, Results and interpretation of geophysical studies near the Picacho Fault, south-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1106, ii, 17 leaves :ill., map ;29 cm.; (20 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781106.","productDescription":"ii, 17 leaves :ill., map ;29 cm.; (20 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38440,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624797","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pankratz, Leroy W.","contributorId":28976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankratz","given":"Leroy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackermann, Hans D.","contributorId":44539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackermann","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10617,"text":"ofr78101 - 1978 - Hydrologic monitoring of a waste-injection well near Milton, Florida, June 1975 - June 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T08:52:32","indexId":"ofr78101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-101","title":"Hydrologic monitoring of a waste-injection well near Milton, Florida, June 1975 - June 1977","docAbstract":"This report presents the hydraulic and chemical data collected from June 1, 1975, when injection began, to June 30, 1977 through a monitoring program at a deep-well waste-injection system at the American Cyanamid Company's plant near Milton, about 12 miles northwest of Pensacola. The injection system consists of a primary injection well, a standby injection well, and two deep monitor wells all completed open hole in the lower limestone of the Floridan aquifer and one shallow-monitor well completed in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. Two of the monitor wells and the standby injection well are used to observe hydraulic and geochemical effects of waste injection in the injection zone at locations 8,180 feet northeast, 1,560 feet south, and 1,025 feet southwest of the primary injection well. The shallow-monitor well, used to observe any effects in the first permeable zone above the 200-foot-thick confining bed, is 28 feet north of the primary injection well.
\nSince injection began in June 1975, 607 million gallons of treated industrial liquid waste with a pH of 4.6 to 6.3 and containing high concentrations of nitrate, organic nitrogen and carbon have been injected into a saline-water-filled limestone aquifer. Wellhead pressure at the injection well in June 1977 average 137 pounds per square inch and the hydraulic pressure gradient was 0.53 pound per square inch per foot of depth to the top of the injection zone. Water levels rose from 36 to 74 feet at the three wells used to monitor the injection zone during the 25-month period. The water level in the shallow-monitor well declined about 8 feet. No changes were detected in the chemical character of water from the shallow-monitor well and deep-monitor well-north. Increases in concentration of bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon were detected in water from the deep-test monitor well in February 1976 and at the standby injection well in August 1976. In addition to increases in bicarbonate and dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, total organic nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentrations have also increased substantially in samples from these wells. Nitrogen gas concentrations in water samples collected at the three deep-monitor wells ranged from 19 to 176 milligrams per liter, methane from 4.5 to 11.4 milligrams per liter, and carbon dioxide from 7.7 to 44 milligrams per liter. The most probable number of denitrifying bacteria in water samples collected at the three deep-monitor wells ranged from less than 2 colonies to 17 colonies per 100 milliliters.
\nNone of the water samples collected in April 1977 at the three deep-monitor wells showed positive concentrations of acetone, ethanol, methanol, or acrylonitrile.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr78101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation","usgsCitation":"Pascale, C.A., and Martin, J., 1978, Hydrologic monitoring of a waste-injection well near Milton, Florida, June 1975 - June 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-101, v, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78101.","productDescription":"v, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287786,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0101/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.116667,30.5625 ], [ -87.116667,30.588889 ], [ -87.091667,30.588889 ], [ -87.091667,30.5625 ], [ -87.116667,30.5625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascale, Charles A.","contributorId":99978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascale","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}