An investigation of the effects of hypothetical residential development in the Graber Pond watershed was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Middleton. The investigation entailed evaluation of the existing (1989) water budget and water-level conditions for the pond and the water-level conditions expected to result from the hypothetical development that may occur by the year 2000. A water-budget model was calibrated to closely match water levels observed from July 18-August 31, 1989. Water input to the pond during this period was computed to be about 2.58 feet. Of this, about 25 percent (0.65 foot) was from direct rainfall on the pond surface, about 19 percent (0.50 foot) was from storm runoff, and about 55 percent (1.43 feet) was discharge from a nearby manufacturing plant. Simulation of the hypothetical development conditions in the watershed predicts that the average late-summer pond level may rise about 0.7 foot.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Middleton, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1993, Simulation of the effects of hypothetical residential development on water levels in Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4029, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924029.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56617,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Graber Pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.09264728863636\n ],\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.13381279555054\n ],\n [\n -89.49093818664551,\n 43.13381279555054\n ],\n [\n -89.49093818664551,\n 43.09264728863636\n ],\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.09264728863636\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26108,"text":"wri924077 - 1993 - Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:40:36","indexId":"wri924077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4077","title":"Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"This report describes the areal extent, thickness, and hydraulic properties of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley south of the city of Waukesha in southeastern Wisconsin. In the 40- square-mile study area, the preglacial bedrock valley underlies an area across which the Fox River flows. A previous regional study of the area indicated that extensive glacial sand and gravel deposits may exist in the preglacial bedrock valley. New test-hole, well-construction, and seismic data collected from 1986 through 1991 showed that the preglacial bedrock valley immediately south of the city of Waukesha is narrower and shallower than previously thought. However, these data indicate that thicknesses of saturated glacial deposits in excess of 250 feet exist in a 1- to 2-mile-wide part of the valley in the southern part of the study area. Test-hole logs indicate that clean sand and gravel deposits are present in a shallow part of the preglacial bedrock valley. Fifty to sixty feet of silty and clayey sand and gravel deposits appear to underlie varying thicknesses of relatively impermeable clay till in the center of the study area. Ground water flows from upland areas on the eastern and western sides of the Fox River and discharges to the Fox River and wetlands adjacent to the river.
\nResults of a 6.5-hour aquifer test indicate that the silty sand and gravel deposits have an average transmissivity of about 140 feet squared per day and an average storage coefficient of about 1.2x10\"3 at one location. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of these deposits averages about 4 feet per day. Analysis of drawdown indicates that these deposits are part of a leaky confined-aquifer system and that some water is derived from storage in an overlying clay layer. The transmissivity value determined from this aquifer test and a lack of clean sand and gravel encountered in other test holes indicate that glacial deposits at these sites may not yield enough water for a large municipal water supply. Sand and gravel deposits, capable of development as a municipal supply, may be present in the southern part of the study area. However, additional test holes are needed to determine whether adequate sand and gravel deposits underlie this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Waukesha Water Utility","usgsCitation":"Batten, W.G., and Conlon, T., 1993, Hydrogeology of glacial deposits in a preglacial bedrock valley, Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4077, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924077.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54904,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.0639,43.194],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5401,43.1978]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Waukesha\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlon, T.D. 0000-0002-5899-7187","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":97947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17890,"text":"ofr93152 - 1993 - Water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania; programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T10:56:16","indexId":"ofr93152","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-152","title":"Water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania; programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1993","docAbstract":"Current activities of the Pennsylvania District of the USGS are described and include information on current projects, such as project objectives, approach, progress and plans, project location, cooperators, period of project, and project chief. Basic-data programs for surface water, ground water, and quality of water also are described. Also included is information on the basic mission and programs of the USGS; program funding and cooperation for fiscal year 1993; the USGS water- data program, National Water-Data Exchange, and National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval System; and Pennsylvania data-collection programs and hydrologic investigations. List of publications of the Pennsylvania District and maps published by the USGS, as well as information on how to obtain them, are included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93152","usgsCitation":"McLanahan, L., 1993, Water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania; programs and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-152, v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93152.","productDescription":"v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":47129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0152/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLanahan, L. O. (compiler)","contributorId":34155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLanahan","given":"L. O.","suffix":"(compiler)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17423,"text":"ofr93128 - 1993 - National Research Program of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, Fiscal Year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T12:36:38","indexId":"ofr93128","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-128","title":"National Research Program of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, Fiscal Year 1992","docAbstract":"This report, one in a series of annual reports, provides current information about the National Research Program (NRP) of the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) during fiscal year 1992. Organized by NRP's six research disciplines, the volume contains a summary of the problem, objective, approach, and progress for each project that was active during fiscal year 1992. It also contains bibliographic information that, because of the long-term nature of the program, covers a 5-year period. The bibliographic information does not include abstracts or informal reports. Rather it contains those reports that are readily available in the form of journal articles, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications, book chapters, or books.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93128","usgsCitation":"1993, National Research Program of the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, Fiscal Year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-128, viii, 392 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93128.","productDescription":"viii, 392 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":349764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69875d","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Nichols, Martha L.","contributorId":55457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Martha L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724184,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Linda C.","contributorId":98702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Linda C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724185,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":49673,"text":"ofr93605A - 1993 - Earthquake data report, May 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:11","indexId":"ofr93605A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-605","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake data report, May 1993","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr93605A","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Earthquake data report, May 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-605, p. 489, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93605A.","productDescription":"p. 489","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0605a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86271,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0605a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a28c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25801,"text":"wri924081 - 1993 - Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-28T10:11:05","indexId":"wri924081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4081","title":"Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924081","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R.E., Bencala, K., Kimball, B.A., and McKnight, D.M., 1993, Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4081, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924081.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54545,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Saint Kevin 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A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":195131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":56257,"text":"wdrPR921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"wdrPR921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PR-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1992","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrPR921","usgsCitation":"Diaz, P., Aquino, Z., Figueroa-Alamo, C., Vachier, R., and Sanchez, A., 1993, Water resources data, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PR-92-1, 602 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPR921.","productDescription":"602 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/pr-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88117,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/pr-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, P.L.","contributorId":21626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aquino, Zaida","contributorId":71621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aquino","given":"Zaida","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Figueroa-Alamo, Carlos","contributorId":95904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figueroa-Alamo","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vachier, R.J.","contributorId":47017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vachier","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sanchez, A.V.","contributorId":94731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25757,"text":"wri934087 - 1993 - A review of possible causes of nutrient enrichment and decline of endangered sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:32:04","indexId":"wri934087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4087","title":"A review of possible causes of nutrient enrichment and decline of endangered sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Upper Klamath Lake, and the connecting Agency Lake, is a large (140 square mile) lake in south-central Oregon. The lake has a recent history of long-duration, near-monoculture, blue-green algal blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Typically, the algal bloom causes nuisance and detrimental conditions, including a deep-green \"pea soup\" appearance, from mid-May to late October. Accompanying the blooms are foul odors, extremely high pH, widely varied dissolved-oxygen concentrations of supersaturation or near depletion, occasional but extensive fish kills, and elevated levels of toxic ammonia. In 1988, the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris), long-term inhabitants of Upper Klamath Lake, were placed on the Federal endangered-species list. The endangering of the sucker species in recent years is hypothesized to be caused by degraded lake-water-quality conditions.
\nUpper Klamath Lake has been eutrophic since it was first discovered. However, increases in algal abundance and changes in algal type over relatively recent years are evident, and can be correlated with agricultural development of the basin. The most common cause for an increased abundance of algae in lakes is increased enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
\nTen possible causes for this excessive enrichment in nutrients are described. Three of these hypotheses are suggested for immediate testing because of large-scale changes in nutrient loading that may have occurred as a result of man’s activities. These three hypotheses relate nutrient enrichment to (1) conversion of marshland to agricultural land, (2) agricultural drainage from the basin, and (3) reservoir regulation. Eleven possible hypothetical causes for the decline in sucker populations also are described. The decline in sucker population may be related to excessive nutrient enrichment (eutrophication) of the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri934087","usgsCitation":"Bortleson, G.C., and Fretwell, M.O., 1993, A review of possible causes of nutrient enrichment and decline of endangered sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4087, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934087.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54518,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 42.19291648699529\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 42.75104599038353\n ],\n [\n -120.92239379882812,\n 42.75104599038353\n ],\n [\n -120.92239379882812,\n 42.19291648699529\n ],\n [\n -122.11029052734374,\n 42.19291648699529\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a800a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert C.","contributorId":57472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fretwell, Marvin O.","contributorId":98999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fretwell","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":54701,"text":"wdrMN921 - 1993 - Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:56","indexId":"wdrMN921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-92-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN921","usgsCitation":"Gunard, K., Hess, J., and Zirbel, J., 1993, Water Resources Data, Minnesota, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Great Lakes and Souris-Red-Rainy River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-92-1, 245 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN921.","productDescription":"245 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/mn-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87907,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/mn-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb5ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunard, K.T.","contributorId":103733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunard","given":"K.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, J.H.","contributorId":100465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zirbel, J.L.","contributorId":70837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbel","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54919,"text":"wdrOR921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Oregon, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-02T17:53:49.892575","indexId":"wdrOR921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"OR-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Oregon, water year 1992","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrOR921","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, L., Herrett, T., Kraus, R., Ruppert, G., and Courts, M., 1993, Water resources data, Oregon, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report OR-92-1, xxii, 474 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrOR921.","productDescription":"xxii, 474 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/or-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177361,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/or-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"40\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oregon\",\"nation\":\"USA 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L.E.","contributorId":104945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrett, T.A.","contributorId":102944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrett","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraus, R.L.","contributorId":108182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, G.P.","contributorId":67111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Courts, M.L.","contributorId":93562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courts","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":252020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4676,"text":"twri03B4_supp - 1993 - Regression modeling of ground-water flow; Supplement 1 : modifications to the computer code for nonlinear regression solution of steady-state ground-water flow problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T15:39:59","indexId":"twri03B4_supp","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B4","title":"Regression modeling of ground-water flow; Supplement 1 : modifications to the computer code for nonlinear regression solution of steady-state ground-water flow problems","docAbstract":"Modifications to the computer code for nonlinear regression solution of steady-state ground-water flow problems in \"Regression Modeling of Ground-Water Flow\", by R.L. Cooley and R.L. Naff (U.S. Geological Survey, Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. B4, 1990), improve the performance of the code. The changes 1) allow any model parameters to be transformed to natural logarithms, and 2) improve the procedure for computing the parameter that damps changes in the values of model parameters for each iteration of the solution method. In addition, the user is shown how to read prior information separately from the initial set of parameter values.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/twri03B4_supp","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1993, Regression modeling of ground-water flow; Supplement 1 : modifications to the computer code for nonlinear regression solution of steady-state ground-water flow problems (Suppliment 1): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B4, vii, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B4_supp.","productDescription":"vii, 8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-b4-supp/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346259,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-b4-supp/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Suppliment 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25791,"text":"wri934024 - 1993 - Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T20:39:13.004537","indexId":"wri934024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4024","title":"Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90","docAbstract":"Data on streamflow, water quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass (microptercus dolomieni) populations were collected from July 1987 through September 1990, in four streams in southwestern Wisconsin to determine the effect of surface-water hydrology and quality on populations of macroinvertebrates and smallmouth bass. The study was a joint project of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
\nDrought conditions greatly affected streamflows in southwestern Wisconsin throughout much of the period of study. Precipitation in all four basins in 1988 and 1989 was 9.91 to12.41 inches less than 1951-80 normal precipitation of 32.88 inches.
\nThe lowest annual mean discharge was recorded in water year 1988 at all of the streamflow- gaging stations except at Rattlesnake Creek, where annual mean discharge was lowest in water year 1990. Overland-flow runoff during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass (mid-May to mid-July) was 0.02 inch in 1988 at the Sinsinawa River and Rattlesnake Creek. Overland-flow runoff in the Little Platte River and the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River also was low in 1988 (0.03 inch and 0.04 inch, respectively) during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass. The trend of low overland-flow runoff continued in 1989; in water year 1990, however, overland-flow runoff during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass was 1.38 inches at Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River and 0.22 inch at Rattlesnake Creek.
\nTurbidity ranged from 1.5 nephelometric turbidity units at Rattlesnake Creek to 3,700 nephelometric turbidity units at the Sinsinawa River. Suspended-solid concentrations ranged from 2 milligrams per liter at Rattlesnake Creek to a maximum 24,300 milligrams per liter at the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River. The high turbidities and suspended-solid concentrations, which occurred during storms, did not last for long periods of time and are not thought to have been harmful to the biota of the rivers.
\nUn-ionized ammonia concentrations exceeded the State of Wisconsin, Department of Natural Resources' standard of 0.04 milligram per liter for warmwater streams at all four of the streams. The maximum concentration of un-ionized ammonia measured was 0.10 milligram per liter at Rattlesnake Creek and there was no discernible effects on smallmouth bass or macroinvertebrates.
\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations at all four study streams occasionally decreased to below or near the concentration of 1 milligram per liter considered necessary to sustain life of smallmouth bass. Two fish kills were documented as the result of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations. All of these episodes of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations occurred during or just after rainstorms and subsequent increasing streamflows.
\nSamples of water-sediment mixture and bottom material were analyzed for pesticides commonly used in the basins. Samples from all of the stations had concentrations of herbicides that exceeded the analytical reporting limit. Water-sediment samples at the Sinsinawa River had the highest herbicide concentration. The concentration of metolachlor was the highest of the herbicides-- 110 micrograms per liter; concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine were next highest at 97 and 84 micrograms per liter, respectively.
\nAll of the water-sediment mixture samples had insecticide concentrations below the analytical reporting limit, with the exception of carbofuran. One water-sediment mixture sample collected at the Little Platte River had a carbofuran concentration of 0.44 microgram per liter. No pesticides were detected in the bottom-material samples collected at the four study streams.
\nRichness of macroinvertebrate taxa did not differ substantially among the four streams during the study, but the abundances of several taxa differed significantly among streams. Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River had comparatively few midges but many caddisflies, whereas Rattlesnake Creek had many non-insect taxa and relatively few caddisflies. The Little Platte River had consistently high numbers of caddisflies, mayflies, and riffle beetles.
\nMacroinvertebrate-community composition, as measured by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficients, varied considerably over time within and among the streams. The macroinvertebrate community composition of the Little Platte River changed very little during the winter of 1987-88 as compared to the other streams, but the community composition of the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River changed substantially. The communities of Rattlesnake Creek and Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River became more similar to the community of the Little Platte River from fall 1987 through fall 1988, whereas the community in the Sinsinawa River remained distinct.
\nWater quality, as estimated by biotic-index values, generally was better in the Little Platte River than in the other streams from fall 1987 through fall 1988. However, water quality appeared to have deteriorated (biotic-index values increased) in the Little Platte River during the winter of 1988-89. Water quality in the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River also deteriorated during the same period.
\nThe drought of 1988-89 and accompanying decrease in frequency of storms contributed to an uncharacteristically stable environment for macroinvertebrate development in most streams. Total taxa richness increased in three of the four streams. Total taxa richness did not increase in the Little Platte River, possibly because of moderate flooding that occurred prior to the spring 1989 sampling period or, more likely, because of changes in dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Although dissolved-oxygen concentrations were fairly similar in all streams, dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower in 1989 in the Little Platte River than in other streams. The observed increase in biotic-index values in the Little Platte River during the spring of 1989 supports a decline in water quality.
\nSmallmouth bass reproduction was related to precipitation and streamflow during the critical mid-May to mid-July reproductive period. Reproductive success was good (38-297 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre) in 1988 and 1989 and poor (0-3 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre) in 1987 and 1990. This pattern corresponded with total precipitation of less than 7 inches in May and June in 1988 and 1989 and greater than 7 inches in 1989 and 1990.
\nIn years when runoff exceeded 0.10 inch, only three or fewer Age 0 (smallmouth bass less than 1 year old) smallmouth bass per acre were caught in late summer to fall sampling surveys. In contrast, when overland runoff was less than 0.10 inch, 32 to 297 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre were found in late summer or fall. The numbers of Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre were significantly different from each other at the 1 -percent probability level (p=0.0001). Smallmouth bass reproductive success indicated that smallmouth bass in these streams were extremely vulnerable to the amount of runoff during the early stage of their life.
\nLow concentrations of dissolved oxygen constituted the most detrimental water-quality problem affecting smallmouth bass populations. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were occasionally less than 3 milligrams per liter, a dissolved-oxygen concentration that may be detrimental to early-life stages of smallmouth bass in the streams; however, smallmouth bass were apparently able to withstand these low dissolved-oxygen concentrations and seem to have survived in some situations when dissolved-oxygen concentration decreased to1 milligram per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., Lillie, R.A., Schlesser, R.A., Mason, J.W., Lyons, J.D., and Kerr, R.A., 1993, Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4024, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934024.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47757.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54538,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4024/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County, Grant County, Green County, Iowa County Lafayette County, Rock County","otherGeospatial":"Galena River, Little Platte River, Pecatonica River, Rattlesnake Creek, Sinsinawa River, Sugar River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-88.8951,42.8457],[-88.7757,42.8455],[-88.7753,42.7587],[-88.7744,42.6728],[-88.774,42.5855],[-88.7737,42.4958],[-88.9385,42.4984],[-88.9798,42.4989],[-89.0467,42.4997],[-89.154,42.501],[-89.2345,42.5018],[-89.2705,42.5021],[-89.3185,42.5024],[-89.3645,42.5029],[-89.4018,42.503],[-89.4031,42.503],[-89.4537,42.5038],[-89.4883,42.5044],[-89.5693,42.5057],[-89.6811,42.5074],[-89.803,42.5077],[-89.8379,42.5076],[-89.8744,42.5075],[-89.9256,42.5075],[-89.9573,42.5074],[-89.9744,42.5081],[-89.9977,42.5091],[-90.0404,42.5094],[-90.0718,42.5095],[-90.2285,42.5087],[-90.4244,42.5079],[-90.4276,42.5081],[-90.6204,42.5091],[-90.6354,42.5094],[-90.636,42.5094],[-90.6415,42.5093],[-90.6363,42.5146],[-90.6342,42.5191],[-90.6347,42.5241],[-90.6376,42.5317],[-90.6395,42.5371],[-90.642,42.5416],[-90.6465,42.5461],[-90.6517,42.5491],[-90.659,42.5542],[-90.6635,42.5587],[-90.6667,42.5639],[-90.6693,42.5705],[-90.6718,42.5759],[-90.6777,42.5849],[-90.6825,42.5937],[-90.6858,42.5984],[-90.6875,42.603],[-90.6886,42.6076],[-90.69,42.613],[-90.6926,42.618],[-90.6954,42.6227],[-90.7002,42.6293],[-90.7019,42.6311],[-90.706,42.6356],[-90.7134,42.64],[-90.7217,42.6423],[-90.7301,42.6449],[-90.7369,42.6464],[-90.7461,42.6479],[-90.7561,42.6491],[-90.7629,42.6506],[-90.7755,42.6531],[-90.7924,42.6553],[-90.8068,42.6583],[-90.8205,42.6604],[-90.8405,42.6634],[-90.8669,42.6695],[-90.8768,42.6715],[-90.8899,42.6733],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.998,42.7121],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.139,43],[-91.1334,43.0001],[-91.1277,43.0002],[-91.1039,42.9996],[-91.0969,42.9965],[-91.07,42.9968],[-91.0569,43.001],[-91.042,43.0067],[-91.0296,43.0114],[-91.0203,43.0174],[-91.0055,43.0248],[-90.9917,43.0282],[-90.9805,43.0315],[-90.9613,43.0431],[-90.9442,43.0624],[-90.9361,43.0652],[-90.9198,43.0645],[-90.9048,43.0678],[-90.8949,43.0734],[-90.8886,43.0748],[-90.883,43.0758],[-90.8605,43.0788],[-90.8511,43.0798],[-90.8462,43.0848],[-90.8307,43.0932],[-90.8213,43.0955],[-90.8169,43.0951],[-90.8002,43.1085],[-90.789,43.1109],[-90.7677,43.1152],[-90.7546,43.1221],[-90.7447,43.1245],[-90.741,43.1327],[-90.7312,43.1428],[-90.715,43.152],[-90.7051,43.1599],[-90.7033,43.1631],[-90.6983,43.1681],[-90.6915,43.1723],[-90.684,43.1728],[-90.6733,43.1706],[-90.6682,43.1702],[-90.667,43.1702],[-90.6444,43.1754],[-90.6138,43.1843],[-90.5982,43.1917],[-90.5751,43.2015],[-90.5695,43.2034],[-90.5507,43.208],[-90.53,43.205],[-90.5105,43.2047],[-90.4953,43.2026],[-90.4802,43.2004],[-90.4645,43.2001],[-90.4576,43.1978],[-90.4519,43.1979],[-90.4375,43.1989],[-90.4325,43.1989],[-90.4149,43.1995],[-90.3848,43.2038],[-90.3616,43.2085],[-90.3415,43.21],[-90.3283,43.2078],[-90.3188,43.2065],[-90.3101,43.207],[-90.3013,43.2075],[-90.2937,43.2053],[-90.2899,43.2022],[-90.2867,43.1967],[-90.2835,43.1935],[-90.2778,43.1931],[-90.2685,43.1977],[-90.2635,43.1973],[-90.2584,43.1955],[-90.2401,43.1861],[-90.2243,43.1748],[-90.2104,43.1694],[-90.1978,43.1681],[-90.1946,43.1659],[-90.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David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillie, Richard A.","contributorId":149434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lillie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlesser, Roger A.","contributorId":149435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlesser","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, John W.","contributorId":42881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyons, John D.","contributorId":55364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerr, Roger A.","contributorId":149436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":26902,"text":"wri924025 - 1993 - Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T07:45:42","indexId":"wri924025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4025","title":"Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected near Summit Lake Reservoir for 2 years beginning October 1, 1988, and ending September 30, 1990. The data-collection network consisted of 1 reservoir-stage gage, 2 precipitation gages, 1 evaporation pan, 2 streamflow gages, and 13 observation wells. Stage-area and stage-storage relations for the reservoir were used in combination with the hydrologic data to determine the reservoir's annual hydrologic budgets for water years 1989 and 1990.
\nComponents of the hydrologic budget are considered either as inflow or outflow. Differences between inflow and outflow result in a change in reservoir storage. Components of inflow are direct precipitation, surface-water flow, and ground-water flow. Components of outflow are evaporation and ground-water flow. There was no surface-water outflow during the study.
\nThe hydrologic budget was calculated by use of daily, monthly, and yearly values of precipitation and surface-water flow, monthly values of ground-water flow, and yearly values of evaporation and reservoir storage. Comparison of results from different time intervals indicates there is little difference between annual volumes for components calculated from daily and monthly values. Annual volumes calculated from yearly values differ by less than 5 percent from those calculated from daily and monthly values.
\nThe total inflow to Summit Lake Reservoir was nearly identical for water years 1989 and 1990-about 10,360 acre-feet per year. Surface water was about 72 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 70 percent in water year 1990. Direct precipitation was about 18 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 23 percent in water year 1990. Ground-water inflow was about 10 percent of the total inflow in water year 1989 and about 7 percent in water year 1990.
\nThe total outflow from evaporation and ground-water flow was 5,700 acre-feet in water year 1989 and 7,710 acre-feet in water year 1990--about 19 percent evaporation and 81 percent ground-water outflow for both water years. Reservoir storage increased during both years; the change in storage was about 4,330 acre-feet in water year 1989 and about 2,890 acre-feet in water year 1990. Discrepancies between inflow, outflow, and reservoir storage reflect errors in the budget resulting from regionalization or interpretation of hydrologic data and from errors inherent in all hydrologic measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924025","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R., 1993, Hydrologic data and hydrologic budget for Summit Lake Reservoir, Henry County, East-Central Indiana, water years 1989 and 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4025, iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm. 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924025.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm. 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55783,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Henry","otherGeospatial":"Summit Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.2157,40.0765],[-85.2152,40.0044],[-85.2014,40.0042],[-85.2013,39.875],[-85.2133,39.8751],[-85.2205,39.8748],[-85.2214,39.7895],[-85.243,39.7902],[-85.3017,39.789],[-85.3519,39.7894],[-85.4651,39.7886],[-85.5765,39.7858],[-85.5968,39.786],[-85.5969,39.8735],[-85.5759,39.8738],[-85.5774,39.9459],[-85.5763,40.0769],[-85.2157,40.0765]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Henry\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, R.F.","contributorId":28250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54459,"text":"wdrCO922 - 1993 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1992. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"wdrCO922","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-92-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1992. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO922","usgsCitation":"Ugland, R., Cochran, B., Hiner, M., Wilson, E., and Bennett, J., 1993, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1992. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-92-2, 404 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO922.","productDescription":"404 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/co-92-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87884,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/co-92-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ugland, R.C.","contributorId":14044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ugland","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, B.J.","contributorId":75999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiner, M.M.","contributorId":28659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiner","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, E.A.","contributorId":92334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, J.D.","contributorId":97188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":27049,"text":"wri924115 - 1993 - Geohydrology and water quality of the Calumet aquifer, in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T11:07:59","indexId":"wri924115","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4115","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of the Calumet aquifer, in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana","docAbstract":"The water-table configuration of the Calumet aquifer in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal in Lake County, northwestern Indiana, reflects the complexity of the shallow ground-water-flow system. Large depressions in the water table in sewered areas interrupt broad ground-water divides between rivers. The aquifer/stream interactions along the Grand Calumet River/ Indiana Harbor Canal are directly related to Lake Michigan water levels because of a direct connection of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal to the lake. Fluctuations in lake levels and evapotranspiration result in reversals in ground-water flow near the river and canal that last from several hours to several months.
\nMost of the water from the Calumet aquifer discharges into sewers, the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, Lake Michigan, and Silurian carbonate bedrock. Model simulations of ground-water flow for the study area indicate that the Calumet aquifer discharges about 15 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) of ground water to sewers, about 10 ft3/s to the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, and about 4 ft3/s to Lake Michigan along a 25-mile section of shoreline. Estimates of groundwater flow from the Calumet aquifer to the bedrock range from 0 to 10 ft3/s. Results of analyses of water samples collected from wells in five land-use types steel industry, petrochemical industry, commercial and light industry, residential, and parks were compared. The highest median concentrations of inorganic ions and the most detections of organic compounds generally occurred in water samples from wells on the steel and petrochemical land-use areas. Water samples collected from wells on the commercial and light industrial land-use areas generally had lower median chemical concentrations than the samples from the steel and petrochemical land-use areas and greater median concentrations than the samples from the residential and park land-use areas. Seven of 52 acid-extractable and base/neutralextractable organic compounds and 17 of 36 volatile organic compounds analyzed were detected in a total of 35 wells. Only 4 of the 88 organic analytes phenols, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, benzene, and toluene were detected in more than 5 of the 35 wells.
\nA comparison of primarily inorganic-constituent data from the five land-use groups to inorganic-constituent data from sites known to be contaminated shows that constituent concentrations in ground waters from wells in the land-use areas generally are lower than those in ground water from contaminated areas. Abstract 1 Likewise, a comparison of inorganic-constituent data from the land-use groups to inorganic-constituent data from areas relatively unaffected by human presence shows that constituent concentrations in ground water from wells in the land-use areas generally are greater than those in ground water from the unaffected areas. Some documented but unaccounted for chemical loads in the Grand Calumet River are from ground water. Ground water probably contributes more than 10 percent of the total chemical load of ammonia, chromium, and cyanide to the Grand Calumet River. In comparison, about 1 to 3 percent of the total streamflow in the Grand Calumet River is from ground water. Of the four major groundwater sinks in the aquifer, the east branch of the Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Canal generally receive the greatest chemical loads from ground water, whereas Lake Michigan generally receives the smallest loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri924115","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J., and Watson, L.R., 1993, Geohydrology and water quality of the Calumet aquifer, in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4115, vii, 151 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924115.","productDescription":"vii, 151 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4115/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4115/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"rand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.18406677246094,\n 41.66367910784373\n ],\n [\n -87.39761352539062,\n 41.668808555620586\n ],\n [\n -87.39692687988281,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -87.60086059570312,\n 41.764141783336456\n ],\n [\n -87.60223388671875,\n 41.545589036668105\n ],\n [\n -87.16896057128906,\n 41.544561218705965\n ],\n [\n -87.16621398925781,\n 41.66419207101119\n ],\n [\n -87.18406677246094,\n 41.66367910784373\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, J.M.","contributorId":100430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27134,"text":"wri924175 - 1993 - Quality of ground water in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T21:20:26.710224","indexId":"wri924175","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4175","title":"Quality of ground water in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924175","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., Speiran, G., and Rowan, M.E., 1993, Quality of ground water in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4175, Report; iv, 20 p.; 5 Plates: 24.01 × 30.46 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924175.","productDescription":"Report; iv, 20 p.; 5 Plates: 24.01 × 30.46 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56003,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56004,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395570,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47719.htm"},{"id":56005,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56002,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56001,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.420654296875,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -75.59692382812499,\n 36.54053616262899\n ],\n [\n -75.59692382812499,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -77.420654296875,\n 38.89958342598271\n ],\n [\n -77.420654296875,\n 36.54053616262899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowan, M. E.","contributorId":19601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":54458,"text":"wdrCO921 - 1993 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin; Arkansas River Basin; and Rio Grande Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"wdrCO921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-92-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin; Arkansas River Basin; and Rio Grande Basin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO921","usgsCitation":"Ugland, R., Cochran, B., Hiner, M., and Steger, R., 1993, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin; Arkansas River Basin; and Rio Grande Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-92-1, 343 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO921.","productDescription":"343 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/co-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/co-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ugland, R.C.","contributorId":14044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ugland","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochran, B.J.","contributorId":75999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hiner, M.M.","contributorId":28659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiner","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steger, R.D.","contributorId":78008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steger","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":18040,"text":"ofr92123 - 1993 - An interim report on flows in the lower Roanoke River, and water quality and hydrodynamics of Albermarle Sound, North Carolina, October 1989-April 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T11:24:14","indexId":"ofr92123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-123","title":"An interim report on flows in the lower Roanoke River, and water quality and hydrodynamics of Albermarle Sound, North Carolina, October 1989-April 1991","docAbstract":"In 1990, a 3-year investigation was begun in North Carolina to: (1) develop a model for computing flows in the lower 67 mi of the Roanoke River; (2) characterize water-quality conditions in Albemarle Sound; and (3) describe the circulation regime of Albemarle Sound, particularly in relation to inflows. This report summarizes data and results obtained during the first year of the study. The water level in Albemarle Sound may affect flows in the Roanoke River as far as 60 mi upstream from the mouth of the river. The presence of higher water levels downstream relative to those upstream indicates that reverse flows likely occurred in the lower 20 mi of the Roanoke River in October and December 1990. A one-dimensional, unsteady flow model has been calibrated and validated for a 30-mi segment of the lower Roanoke River. Simulated and observed water levels typically differed by less than 0.5 ft, and simulated flows were generally within 10% of observed values. Near-surface and near-bottom specific conductances, near-surface water temperature, and near-surface, mid-depth, and near-bottom dissolved-oxygen concentrations were monitored at 10 locations in Albemarle Sound from October 1989 to April 1991. Observed salinities ranged from virtually 0 to more than 9 ppt, and maximum observed water temperatures were about 32C. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from supersaturated to hypoxic conditions. The daily range in dissolved-oxygen concentrations was typically larger during the summer months than during the rest of the year, and the lowest dissolved-oxygen values were observed during the summer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92123","usgsCitation":"Bales, J., Strickland, A., and Garrett, R.G., 1993, An interim report on flows in the lower Roanoke River, and water quality and hydrodynamics of Albermarle Sound, North Carolina, October 1989-April 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-123, vi, 133 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92123.","productDescription":"vi, 133 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47284,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albermarle Sound, Roanoke River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 34.79576153473033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, J. D.","contributorId":21569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strickland, A.G.","contributorId":99959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrett, R. G.","contributorId":93929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26909,"text":"wri934062 - 1993 - Estimating design-flood discharges for streams in Iowa using drainage-basin and channel-geometry characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T10:46:22","indexId":"wri934062","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4062","title":"Estimating design-flood discharges for streams in Iowa using drainage-basin and channel-geometry characteristics","docAbstract":"Drainage-basin and channel-geometry multiple-regression equations are presented for estimating design-flood discharges having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years at stream sites on rural, unregulated streams in Iowa. Design-flood discharge estimates determined by Pearson Type-Ill analyses using data collected through the 1990 water year are reported for the 188 streamflow-gaging stations used in either the drainage-basin or channel-geometry regression analyses. Ordinary least-squares multiple-regression techniques were used to identify selected drainage-basin and channel-geometry characteristics and to delineate two channel-geometry regions. Weighted least-squares multiple-regression techniques, which account for differences in the variance of flows at different gaging stations and for variable lengths in station records, were used to estimate the regression parameters.
\nStatewide drainage-basin equations were developed from analyses of 164 streamflow-gaging stations. Drainage-basin characteristics were quantified using a geographic-informationsystem procedure to process topographic maps and digital cartographic data. The significant characteristics identified for the drainage-basin ^equations included contributing drainage area, relative relief, drainage frequency, and 2-year, 24-hour precipitation intensity. The average standard errors of prediction for the drainagebasin equations ranged from 38.6 to 50.2 percent. The geographic-information-system procedure expanded the capability to quantitatively relate drainage-basin characteristics to the magnitude and frequency of floods for stream sites in Iowa and provides a flood-estimation method that is independent of hydrologic regionalization.
\nStatewide and regional channel-geometry regression equations were developed from analyses of 157 streamflow-gaging stations. Channel-geometry characteristics were measured onsite and on topographic maps. Statewide and regional channel-geometry regression equations that are dependent on whether a stream has been channelized were developed on the basis of bankfull and active-channel characteristics. The significant channel-geometry characteristics identified for the statewide and regional regression equations included bankfull width and bankfull depth for natural channels unaffected by channelization, and active-channel width for stabilized channels affected by channelization. The average standard errors of prediction ranged from 41.0 to 68.4 percent for the statewide channel-geometry equations and from 30.3 to 70.0 percent for the regional channel-geometry equations.
\nProcedures provided for applying the drainage-basin and channel-geometry regression equations depend on whether the design-flood discharge estimate is for a site on an ungaged stream, an ungaged site on a gaged stream, or a gaged site. When both a drainage-basin and a channel-geometry regression-equation estimate are available for a stream site, a procedure is presented for determining a weighted average of the two flood estimates. The drainage-basin regression equations are applicable to unregulated rural drainage areas less than 1,060 square miles, and the channel-geometry regression equations are applicable to unregulated rural streams in Iowa with stabilized channels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/wri934062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Highway Research Board and the Highway Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT Research Project HR-322)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 1993, Estimating design-flood discharges for streams in Iowa using drainage-basin and channel-geometry characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4062, vi, 96 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934062.","productDescription":"vi, 96 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, D. A.","contributorId":60237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17884,"text":"ofr92117 - 1993 - Water resources activities of the USGS, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:21","indexId":"ofr92117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-117","title":"Water resources activities of the USGS, 1992","docAbstract":"The Water Resources Division (WRD) of the U.S. Geological Survey has the principal responsibility within the Federal Government for providing hydrologic information and appraising the Nation's water resources. The USGS is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority. Information that is made available equally to all interested parties is the sole product of the WRD. The mission, organization, source of funds, and major programs of the WRD are discussed in this report. Three types of programs are described: long-term programs, topical programs, and support programs. Emphasis is on programs that will contribute to identifying, mitigating, or solving nationwide water-resources problems in the remaining years of the 20th century. Completing the report are discussions of how the hydrologic data and information are disseminated and an index. The report describes the water-resources mission of the WRD and discusses the organization and principal sources of funds that support the activities conducted to meet this mission. Descriptions are given of the most significant water-resources activities, how the hydrologic data and information are disseminated is discussed. Each description of a significant water-resources activity has the following parts: 'Introduction', 'Activities', 'Recent Accomplishments' and 'Funding'. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92117","usgsCitation":"Smith, E.T., 1993, Water resources activities of the USGS, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-117, iv, 82 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92117.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47123,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49abe4b07f02db5c5db3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, E. T. (compiler)","contributorId":44562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17882,"text":"ofr93413 - 1993 - Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, October, 1991 through September, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-24T14:18:59.481061","indexId":"ofr93413","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-413","title":"Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, October, 1991 through September, 1993","docAbstract":"This report describes the water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Wyoming District. The activities are classified as data- collection programs and water-resources-appraisal projects. Much of the work is done in cooperation with other agencies. During fiscal years 1992 and 1993, cooperators included nine local agencies, two Native American tribes, seven State agencies, and nine Federal agencies. This report is a biennial progress report to the cooperating agencies and the general public. During fiscal year 1992, the Wyoming District operated 166 streamflow stations, 1 reservoir station, 93 surface-water-quality stations, 34 fluvial-sediment stations, 85 ground- water-level observation wells, and 100 ground- water-quality sites, of which 25 were sampled during fiscal year 1992. Descriptions, location maps, and status statements are given for the 4 long-term data-collection projects and for 16 water-resources appraisal projects that were active (funded) during fiscal year 1992 or 1993. Also included are lists of 14 projects that were completed between May 1991 and June 1993; and 2 projects for which funding ended prior to 1993 and that are completed except for the final report(s). The final section is a bibliographic listing of reports by USGS authors about the water resources of Wyoming.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93413","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Wyoming, October, 1991 through September, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-413, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93413.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12744.htm"},{"id":47121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0413/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":149831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0413/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 45.0502402697946\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 41.00477542222947\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545aa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21021,"text":"ofr91504 - 1993 - Water wells on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr91504","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-504","title":"Water wells on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"This report is a compilation of well-inventory data collected from December 1989 to December 1990 on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands from 367 wells. The report includes well locations on 1982, 7.5 minute series, USGS topographic maps, which are published to scale, and tables of selected well data. The report includes the following well information; well name, U.S. Geological Survey Ground Water Site Identification number, use of water, year well constructed, reported depth of well, measured depth of well, casing diameter, type of well finish and finish interval, land surface altitude of well, depth to water below land surface, date water level measured, and well yield. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr91504","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J., and Kessler, R., 1993, Water wells on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-504, iv, 78 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr91504.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0504/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1991/0504/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, J.I.","contributorId":105716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kessler, Richard","contributorId":104926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kessler","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}