Premise of the Study: Climate warming is predicted to have far‐reaching effects on the distribution of species, but those effects may depend on the flexibility of regenerating species in responding to climate gradients. We conducted a study to determine whether the variation in the response of seed banks to temperature varied across the latitudinal range of Taxodium distichum swamps in North America.
• Methods: The soil was collected in a long‐term research network and heated experimentally to three current‐day spring normal soil temperatures (average maximum daily spring normal soil temperatures during May in Illinois, Arkansas, and Louisiana, USA, respectively: 22°, 25°, and 29°C). A “normal” is the mean temperature calculated over a 30‐yr interval (1971–2000). Seed‐bank density and biomass responses were examined in relation to latitude and difference in the soil temperature of the experiment and the spring normal.
• Key Results: Using first‐ and second‐order regression analysis, we determined that the variation in total germination density was lowest mid‐range and in experimental soil temperatures similar to the spring normal. For some dominant species, the variance in germination density was higher in the northern (Cephalanthus occidentalis) or the southern part of the network (Saururus cernuus and Polygonum pensylvanicum). Overall, the variance of total biomass (root, shoot, whole plant) was higher if the experimental soil temperature was warmer than the spring normal.
• Conclusions: Our results suggest that the regeneration of some populations of swamp species may have more flexibility to respond to climate warming than others.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1100246","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B.A., and McKee, K.L., 2011, Soil warming alters seed-bank responses across the geographic range of freshwater Taxodium distichum (Cupressaceae) swamps: American Journal of Botany, v. 98, no. 12, p. 1943-1955, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100246.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1943","endPage":"1955","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 27.839076094777816\n ],\n [\n -81.2548828125,\n 31.12819929911196\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -84.6826171875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -86.2646484375,\n 32.13840869677249\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 37.89219554724437\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 38.71980474264237\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -94.21875,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -100.1953125,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -100.4150390625,\n 29.49698759653577\n ],\n [\n -97.3388671875,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 29.19053283229458\n ],\n [\n -92.8564453125,\n 29.611670115197377\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 29.458731185355344\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 28.9600886880068\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -85.4736328125,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -85.166015625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -82.8369140625,\n 28.22697003891834\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 27.137368359795584\n ],\n [\n -81.5185546875,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 24.84656534821976\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 25.24469595130604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b921ee4b08c986b319cf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Karen L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":8927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007118,"text":"tm5B8 - 2011 - Colorimetric determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"tm5B8","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B8","title":"Colorimetric determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods","docAbstract":"This report documents work at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) to validate enzymatic reduction, colorimetric determinative methods for nitrate + nitrite in filtered water by automated discrete analysis. In these standard- and low-level methods (USGS I-2547-11 and I-2548-11), nitrate is reduced to nitrite with nontoxic, soluble nitrate reductase rather than toxic, granular, copperized cadmium used in the longstanding USGS automated continuous-flow analyzer methods I-2545-90 (NWQL laboratory code 1975) and I-2546-91 (NWQL laboratory code 1979). Colorimetric reagents used to determine resulting nitrite in aforementioned enzymatic- and cadmium-reduction methods are identical. The enzyme used in these discrete analyzer methods, designated AtNaR2 by its manufacturer, is produced by recombinant expression of the nitrate reductase gene from wall cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Unlike other commercially available nitrate reductases we evaluated, AtNaR2 maintains high activity at 37°C and is not inhibited by high-phenolic-content humic acids at reaction temperatures in the range of 20°C to 37°C. These previously unrecognized AtNaR2 characteristics are essential for successful performance of discrete analyzer nitrate + nitrite assays (henceforth, DA-AtNaR2) described here.\nMethod detection levels (or limits; MDL) estimated for standard- and low-level DA-AtNaR2 nitrate + nitrite methods were 0.02 milligrams nitrogen per liter (mg-N/L) and 0.002 mg-N/L, respectively, which are comparable to 2010 NWQL long-term MDLs of the continuous-flow analyzer, cadmium-reduction methods (henceforth, CFA-CdR) they replace. Typically, reagent-water blanks for standard- and low-level DAAtNaR2 nitrate + nitrite methods are one half MDL or less. Nitrate + nitrite concentration differences for between-day replicates were 3 percent or less at or above 5 times the MDL and were as great as 35 percent near the MDL. Typically, nitrate spike recoveries from reagent water, surface water, groundwater, and high-phenolic-content, humic-acid-amended reagent water were 100±20 percent.\nIn addition to operational details and performance benchmarks for these new DA-AtNaR2 nitrate + nitrite assays, this report also provides results of interference studies for common inorganic and organic matrix constituents at 1, 10, and 100 times their median concentrations in surface-water and groundwater samples submitted annually to the NWQL for nitrate + nitrite analyses. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical analyses of results determined by CFA-CdR methods and DA-AtNaR2 methods indicate that nitrate concentration differences between population means or sign ranks were either statistically equivalent to zero at the 95 percent confidence level (p ≥ 0.05) or analytically equivalent to zero-that is, when p < 0.05, concentration differences between population means or medians were less than MDLs.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B8","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Quality, National Water Quality Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Patton, C.J., and Kryskalla, J.R., 2011, Colorimetric determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water by enzymatic reduction, automated discrete analyzer methods: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B8, Book 5, Chapter 8; Report: xii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B8.","productDescription":"Book 5, Chapter 8; Report: xii, 34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_B8.png"},{"id":112459,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/05b08/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7c8e4b0c8380cd4ccd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Charles J. cjpatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Charles","email":"cjpatton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":355861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kryskalla, Jennifer R.","contributorId":91563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryskalla","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007119,"text":"sir20115196 - 2011 - Potential water-quality effects of coal-bed methane production water discharged along the upper Tongue River, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5196","title":"Potential water-quality effects of coal-bed methane production water discharged along the upper Tongue River, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"Water quality in the upper Tongue River from Monarch, Wyoming, downstream to just upstream from the Tongue River Reservoir in Montana potentially could be affected by discharge of coal-bed methane (CBM) production water (hereinafter referred to as CBM discharge). CBM discharge typically contains high concentrations of sodium and other ions that could increase dissolved-solids (salt) concentrations, specific conductance (SC), and sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR) in the river. Increased inputs of sodium and other ions have the potential to alter the river's suitability for agricultural irrigation and aquatic ecosystems. Data from two large tributaries, Goose Creek and Prairie Dog Creek, indicate that these tributaries were large contributors to the increase in SC and SAR in the Tongue River. However, water-quality data were not available for most of the smaller inflows, such as small tributaries, irrigation-return flows, and CBM discharges. Thus, effects of these inflows on the water quality of the Tongue River were not well documented. Effects of these small inflows might be subtle and difficult to determine without more extensive data collection to describe spatial patterns. Therefore, synoptic water-quality sampling trips were conducted in September 2005 and April 2006 to provide a spatially detailed profile of the downstream changes in water quality in this reach of the Tongue River. The purpose of this report is to describe these downstream changes in water quality and to estimate the potential water-quality effects of CBM discharge in the upper Tongue River.
\n\nSpecific conductance of the Tongue River through the study reach increased from 420 to 625 microsiemens per centimeter (.μS/cm; or 49 percent) in the downstream direction in September 2005 and from 373 to 543 .μS/cm (46 percent) in April 2006. Large increases (12 to 24 percent) were measured immediately downstream from Goose Creek and Prairie Dog Creek during both sampling trips. Increases attributed to direct CBM discharges were smaller. In September 2005, the SC of 12 measured CBM discharges ranged from 1,750 to 2,440 .μS/cm, and the combined discharges increased SC in the river by an estimated 4.5 percent. In April 2006, the SC of eight measured CBM discharges ranged from 1,720 to 2,070 μS/cm; the largest of these discharges likely increased SC in the river by 5.8 percent.
\n\nEstimates of potential effects of the CBM discharges on the SC of the Tongue River near the Tongue River Reservoir were calculated using a two-step process involving linear regression and mass-balance calculations for a range of streamflow and CBM-discharge conditions. Potential effects from CBM discharges are larger increases of SC and SAR at lower flows than at higher flows and relative increases that are substantially smaller for SC than for SAR. For example, if the streamflow was 100 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) in the Tongue River near the Tongue River Reservoir and CBM discharge ranged from 1,250 to 5,000 gallons per minute, the projected increases would range from 4.4 to 16 percent for SC and from 39 to 151 percent for SAR. In comparison, if the streamflow was 600 ft3/s, the projected increases would range from 2.2 to 8.4 percent for SC and from 21 to 79 percent for SAR. This analysis of potential water-quality effects on the SC and SAR of the Tongue River in the study area assumes that the quantity and quality of water flowing into the study reach at the time of this study was the same as during the period before CBM development (data from water years 1985-99).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115196","usgsCitation":"Kinsey, S., and Nimick, D.A., 2011, Potential water-quality effects of coal-bed methane production water discharged along the upper Tongue River, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5196, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115196.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5196.png"},{"id":112460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming;Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Tongue River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f6be4b0c8380cd7ab08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinsey, Stacy M. skinsey@usgs.gov","contributorId":1136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsey","given":"Stacy M.","email":"skinsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":355864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007106,"text":"ofr20111304 - 2011 - Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data of the Yukon Flats and Fort Wainwright areas, central Alaska, June 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111304","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1304","title":"Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data of the Yukon Flats and Fort Wainwright areas, central Alaska, June 2010","docAbstract":"In June 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted airborne electromagnetic and magnetic surveys of the Yukon Flats and Fort Wainwright study areas in central Alaska. These data were collected to estimate the three-dimensional distribution of permafrost at the time of the survey. These data were also collected to evaluate the effectiveness of these geophysical methods at mapping permafrost geometry and to better define the physical properties of the subsurface in discontinuous permafrost areas. This report releases digital data associated with these surveys. Inverted resistivity depth sections are also provided in this data release, and data processing and inversion methods are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111304","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Fugro Airborne Surveys, Limited, and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Smith, B.D., Minsley, B.J., Abraham, J., Voss, C.I., Astley, B.N., Deszcz-Pan, M., and Cannia, J.C., 2011, Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data of the Yukon Flats and Fort Wainwright areas, central Alaska, June 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1304, vi, 21 p.; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Appendix 3; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111304.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Appendix 3; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1304.gif"},{"id":112457,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1304/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149,65.5 ], [ -149,68 ], [ -143,68 ], [ -143,65.5 ], [ -149,65.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e91ee4b0c8380cd480e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Astley, Beth N.","contributorId":26424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Astley","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70007104,"text":"ofr20111296 - 2011 - Geographic information system (GIS) representation of coal-bearing areas in India and Bangladesh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20111296","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1296","title":"Geographic information system (GIS) representation of coal-bearing areas in India and Bangladesh","docAbstract":"Geographic information system (GIS) information may facilitate energy studies, which in turn provide input for energy policy decisions. Prior to this study, no GIS file representing the occurrence of coal-bearing units in India or Bangladesh was known to exist. This Open-File Report contains downloadable shapefiles representing the coalfields of India and Bangladesh and a limited number of chemical and petrographic analyses of India and Bangladesh coal samples. Also included are maps of India and Bangladesh showing the locations of the coalfields and coal samples in the shapefiles, figures summarizing the stratigraphic units in the coalfields of India and Bangladesh, and a brief report summarizing the stratigraphy and geographic locations of coal-bearing deposits in India and Bangladesh.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111296","usgsCitation":"Trippi, M.H., and Tewalt, S.J., 2011, Geographic information system (GIS) representation of coal-bearing areas in India and Bangladesh: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1296, iii, 23 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111296.","productDescription":"iii, 23 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1296.jpg"},{"id":112456,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1296/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"India;Bangladesh","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 65,5 ], [ 65,38 ], [ 98,38 ], [ 98,5 ], [ 65,5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1768e4b0c8380cd554c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trippi, Michael H. 0000-0002-1398-3427 mtrippi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-3427","contributorId":941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trippi","given":"Michael","email":"mtrippi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, Susan J. stewalt@usgs.gov","contributorId":64270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"Susan","email":"stewalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":259,"text":"Energy Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007093,"text":"sir20115226 - 2011 - Effects of brush management on the hydrologic budget and water quality in and adjacent to Honey Creek State Natural Area, Comal County, Texas, 2001-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T15:15:12","indexId":"sir20115226","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-09T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5226","title":"Effects of brush management on the hydrologic budget and water quality in and adjacent to Honey Creek State Natural Area, Comal County, Texas, 2001-10","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Edwards Region Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative, the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, the San Antonio River Authority, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, Texas Parks and Wildlife, the Guadalupe Blanco River Authority, and the San Antonio Water System, evaluated the hydrologic effects of ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) removal as a brush management conservation practice in and adjacent to the Honey Creek State Natural Area in Comal County, Tex. By removing the ashe juniper and allowing native grasses to reestablish in the area as a brush management conservation practice, the hydrology in the watershed might change. Using a simplified mass balance approach of the hydrologic cycle, the incoming rainfall was distributed to surface water runoff, evapotranspiration, or groundwater recharge. After hydrologic data were collected in adjacent watersheds for 3 years, brush management occurred on the treatment watershed while the reference watershed was left in its original condition. Hydrologic data were collected for another 6 years. Hydrologic data include rainfall, streamflow, evapotranspiration, and water quality. Groundwater recharge was not directly measured but potential groundwater recharge was calculated using a simplified mass balance approach. The resulting hydrologic datasets were examined for differences between the watersheds and between pre- and post-treatment periods to assess the effects of brush management. The streamflow to rainfall relation (expressed as event unit runoff to event rainfall relation) did not change between the watersheds during pre- and post-treatment periods. The daily evapotranspiration rates at the reference watershed and treatment watershed sites exhibited a seasonal cycle during the pre- and post-treatment periods, with intra- and interannual variability. Statistical analyses indicate the mean difference in daily evapotranspiration rates between the two watershed sites is greater during the post-treatment than the pre-treatment period. Average annual rainfall, streamflow, evapotranspiration, and potential groundwater-recharge conditions were incorporated into a single hydrologic budget (expressed as a percentage of the average annual rainfall) applied to each watershed before and after treatment to evaluate the effects of brush management. During the post-treatment period, the percent average annual unit runoff in the reference watershed was similar to that in the treatment watershed, however, the difference in percentages of average annual evapotranspiration and potential groundwater recharge were more appreciable between the reference and treatment watersheds than during the pre-treatment period. Using graphical comparisons, no notable differences in major ion or nutrient concentrations were found between samples collected at the reference watershed (site 1C) and treatment watershed (site 2C) during pre- and post-treatment periods. Suspended-sediment loads were calculated from samples collected at sites 1C and 2T. The relation between suspended-sediment loads and streamflow calculated from samples collected from sites 1C and 2T did not exhibit a statistically significant difference during the pre-treatment period, whereas during the post-treatment period, relation between suspended-sediment loads and streamflow did exhibit a statistically significant difference. The suspended-sediment load to streamflow relations indicate that for the same streamflow, the suspended-sediment loads calculated from site 2T were generally less than suspended-sediment loads calculated from site 1C during the post-treatment period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115226","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Edwards Region Grazing Lands Conservation Initiative, the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, the San Antonio River Authority, the Edwards Aquifer Authority, Texas Parks and Wildlife, the Guadalupe Blanco River Authority, and the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., and Slattery, R.N., 2011, Effects of brush management on the hydrologic budget and water quality in and adjacent to Honey Creek State Natural Area, Comal County, Texas, 2001-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5226, viii, 35 p.; Appendices Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115226.","productDescription":"viii, 35 p.; Appendices Downloads","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5226.gif"},{"id":112435,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5226/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal","otherGeospatial":"Honey Creek State Natural Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.96666666666667,29.083333333333332 ], [ -98.96666666666667,30.166666666666668 ], [ -98,30.166666666666668 ], [ -98,29.083333333333332 ], [ -98.96666666666667,29.083333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a069de4b0c8380cd5132c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003794,"text":"70003794 - 2011 - Top 40 priorities for science to inform conservation and management policy in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T13:02:25","indexId":"70003794","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T16:29:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Top 40 priorities for science to inform conservation and management policy in the United States","docAbstract":"To maximize the utility of research to decisionmaking, especially given limited financial resources, scientists must set priorities for their efforts. We present a list of the top 40 high-priority, multidisciplinary research questions directed toward informing some of the most important current and future decisions about management of species, communities, and ecological processes in the United States. The questions were generated by an open, inclusive process that included personal interviews with decisionmakers, broad solicitation of research needs from scientists and policymakers, and an intensive workshop that included scientifically oriented individuals responsible for managing and developing policy related to natural resources. The process differed from previous efforts to set priorities for conservation research in its focus on the engagement of decisionmakers in addition to researchers. The research priorities emphasized the importance of addressing societal context and exploration of trade-offs among alternative policies and actions, as well as more traditional questions related to ecological processes and functions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BioScience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1525/bio.2011.61.4.9","usgsCitation":"Fleishman, E., Blockstein, D.E., Hall, J.A., Mascia, M.B., Rudd, M., Scott, J.M., Sutherland, W., Bartuska, A.M., Brown, A.G., Christen, C.A., Clement, J.P., DellaSala, D., Duke, C.D., Fiske, S.J., Gosnell, H., Haney, J.C., Hutchins, M., Klein, M., Marqusee, J., Noon, B., Nordgren, J.R., Orbuch, P.M., Powell, J., Quarles, S.P., Saterson, K.A., Stein, B.A., Webster, M.S., and Vedder, A., 2011, Top 40 priorities for science to inform conservation and management policy in the United States: BioScience, v. 61, no. 4, p. 290-300, https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.4.9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb440e4b08c986b32628a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blockstein, David E.","contributorId":36427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blockstein","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, John A.","contributorId":75020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mascia, Michael B.","contributorId":15472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mascia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rudd, Murray A.","contributorId":91369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"Murray A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, J. Michael","contributorId":98877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sutherland, William J.","contributorId":73071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"William J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bartuska, Ann M.","contributorId":47248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartuska","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brown, A. Gordon","contributorId":9924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Christen, Catherine A.","contributorId":107155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christen","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clement, Joel P.","contributorId":49666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DellaSala, Dominick","contributorId":15078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DellaSala","given":"Dominick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Duke, Clifford D.","contributorId":81757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fiske, Shirley J.","contributorId":69423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Shirley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Gosnell, Hannah","contributorId":48042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosnell","given":"Hannah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":348897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hutchins, Michael","contributorId":102749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchins","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Klein, Mary L.","contributorId":96965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Mary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Marqusee, Jeffrey","contributorId":34391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marqusee","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Noon, Barry R.","contributorId":57314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"Barry R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Nordgren, John R.","contributorId":84220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordgren","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Orbuch, Paul M.","contributorId":87034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orbuch","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Powell, Jimmie","contributorId":60502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Jimmie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Quarles, Steven P.","contributorId":51605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quarles","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Saterson, Kathryn A.","contributorId":105604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saterson","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Stein, Bruce A.","contributorId":9130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Webster, Michael S.","contributorId":16716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Vedder, Amy","contributorId":101153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vedder","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70003359,"text":"70003359 - 2011 - Tidal Boundary Conditions in SEAWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003359","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T15:46:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal Boundary Conditions in SEAWAT","docAbstract":"SEAWAT, a U.S. Geological Survey groundwater flow and transport code, is increasingly used to model the effects of tidal motion on coastal aquifers. Different options are available to simulate tidal boundaries but no guidelines exist nor have comparisons been made to identify the most effective approach. We test seven methods to simulate a sloping beach and a tidal flat. The ocean is represented in one of the three ways: directly using a high hydraulic conductivity (high-K) zone and indirect simulation via specified head boundaries using either the General Head Boundary (GHB) or the new Periodic Boundary Condition (PBC) package. All beach models simulate similar water fluxes across the upland boundary and across the sediment-water interface although the ratio of intertidal to subtidal flow is different at low tide. Simulating a seepage face results in larger intertidal fluxes and influences near-shore heads and salinity. Major differences in flow occur in the tidal flat simulations. Because SEAWAT does not simulate unsaturated flow the water table only rises via flow through the saturated zone. This results in delayed propagation of the rising tidal signal inland. Inundation of the tidal flat is delayed as is flow into the aquifer across the flat. This is severe in the high-K and PBC models but mild in the GHB models. Results indicate that any of the tidal boundary options are fine if the ocean-aquifer interface is steep. However, as the slope of that interface decreases, the high-K and PBC approaches perform poorly and the GHB boundary is preferable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","publisherLocation":"Westerville, OH","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00788.x","usgsCitation":"Mulligan, A.E., Langevin, C., and Post, V., 2011, Tidal Boundary Conditions in SEAWAT: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 6, p. 866-879, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00788.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"866","endPage":"879","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112481,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00788.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb35fe4b08c986b325d64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulligan, Ann E.","contributorId":69290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, Christian","contributorId":13365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, Vincent","contributorId":55953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005073,"text":"70005073 - 2011 - The role of surface and subsurface processes in keeping pace with sea level rise in intertidal wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70005073","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T12:05:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of surface and subsurface processes in keeping pace with sea level rise in intertidal wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia","docAbstract":"Increases in the elevation of the soil surfaces of mangroves and salt marshes are key to the maintenance of these habitats with accelerating sea level rise. Understanding the processes that give rise to increases in soil surface elevation provides science for management of landscapes for sustainable coastal wetlands. Here, we tested whether the soil surface elevation of mangroves and salt marshes in Moreton Bay is keeping up with local rates of sea level rise (2.358 mm y-1) and whether accretion on the soil surface was the most important process for keeping up with sea level rise. We found variability in surface elevation gains, with sandy areas in the eastern bay having the highest surface elevation gains in both mangrove and salt marsh (5.9 and 1.9 mm y-1) whereas in the muddier western bay rates of surface elevation gain were lower (1.4 and -0.3 mm y-1 in mangrove and salt marsh, respectively). Both sides of the bay had similar rates of surface accretion (~7–9 mm y-1 in the mangrove and 1–3 mm y-1 in the salt marsh), but mangrove soils in the western bay were subsiding at a rate of approximately 8 mm y-1, possibly due to compaction of organic sediments. Over the study surface elevation increments were sensitive to position in the intertidal zone (higher when lower in the intertidal) and also to variation in mean sea level (higher at high sea level). Although surface accretion was the most important process for keeping up with sea level rise in the eastern bay, subsidence largely negated gains made through surface accretion in the western bay indicating a high vulnerability to sea level rise in these forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9","usgsCitation":"Lovelock, C.E., Bennion, V., Grinham, A., and Cahoon, D.R., 2011, The role of surface and subsurface processes in keeping pace with sea level rise in intertidal wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia: Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 5, p. 745-757, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"757","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":24532,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204169,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Queensland","otherGeospatial":"Moreton Bay","volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf9ae4b08c986b3248fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovelock, Catherine E.","contributorId":64787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelock","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennion, Vicki","contributorId":12174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennion","given":"Vicki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grinham, Alistair","contributorId":36668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grinham","given":"Alistair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003989,"text":"70003989 - 2011 - The role of demographic compensation theory in incidental take assessments for endangered species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70003989","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T11:49:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of demographic compensation theory in incidental take assessments for endangered species","docAbstract":"Many endangered species laws provide exceptions to legislated prohibitions through incidental take provisions as long as take is the result of unintended consequences of an otherwise legal activity. These allowances presumably invoke the theory of demographic compensation, commonly applied to harvested species, by allowing limited harm as long as the probability of the species' survival or recovery is not reduced appreciably. Demographic compensation requires some density-dependent limits on survival or reproduction in a species' annual cycle that can be alleviated through incidental take. Using a population model for piping plovers in the Great Plains, we found that when the population is in rapid decline or when there is no density dependence, the probability of quasi-extinction increased linearly with increasing take. However, when the population is near stability and subject to density-dependent survival, there was no relationship between quasi-extinction probability and take rates. We note however, that a brief examination of piping plover demography and annual cycles suggests little room for compensatory capacity. We argue that a population's capacity for demographic compensation of incidental take should be evaluated when considering incidental allowances because compensation is the only mechanism whereby a population can absorb the negative effects of take without incurring a reduction in the probability of survival in the wild. With many endangered species there is probably little known about density dependence and compensatory capacity. Under these circumstances, using multiple system models (with and without compensation) to predict the population's response to incidental take and implementing follow-up monitoring to assess species response may be valuable in increasing knowledge and improving future decision making.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.020","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Ryan, M.R., Runge, M.C., Millspaugh, J.J., and Cochrane, J.F., 2011, The role of demographic compensation theory in incidental take assessments for endangered species: Biological Conservation, v. 144, no. 2, p. 730-737, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"730","endPage":"737","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":21767,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.020","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"144","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf63e4b08c986b32475a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, Mark R.","contributorId":101376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millspaugh, Joshua J.","contributorId":22082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millspaugh","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochrane, Jean Fitts","contributorId":92416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Fitts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003859,"text":"70003859 - 2011 - The relation of harvesting intensity to changes in soil, soil water, and stream chemistry in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"70003859","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T11:18:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation of harvesting intensity to changes in soil, soil water, and stream chemistry in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, USA","docAbstract":"Previous studies have shown that clearcutting of northern hardwood forests mobilizes base cations, inorganic monomeric aluminum (Alim), and nitrate (NO3--N) from soils to surface waters, but the effects of partial harvests on NO3--N have been less frequently studied. In this study we describe the effects of a series of partial harvests of varying proportions of basal area removal (22%, 28% and 68%) on Alim, calcium (Ca2+), and NO3--N concentrations in soil extracts, soil water, and surface water in the Catskill Mountains of New York, USA. Increases in NO3--N concentrations relative to pre-harvest values were observed within a few months after harvest in soils, soil water, and stream water for all three harvests. Increases in Alim and Ca2+ concentrations were also evident in soil water and stream water over the same time period for all three harvests. The increases in Alim, Ca2+, and NO3--N concentrations in the 68% harvest were statistically significant as measured by comparing the 18-month pre-harvest period with the 18-month post-harvest period, with fewer significant responses in the two harvests of lowest intensity. All three solutes returned to pre-harvest concentrations in soil water and stream water in the two lowest intensity harvests in 2–3 years compared to a full 3 years in the 68% harvest. When the results of this study were combined with those of a previous nearby clearcut and 40% harvest, the post-harvest increases in NO3--N concentrations in stream water and soil water suggest a harvesting level above which the relation between concentration and harvest intensity changes; there was a greater change in concentration per unit change in harvest intensity when basal area removal was greater than 40%. These results indicate that the deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems previously demonstrated for intensive harvests in northern hardwood forests of northeastern North America that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition can be greatly diminished as harvesting intensity decreases below 40?8%. These results await confirmation through additional incremental forest harvest studies at other locations throughout the world that receive high levels of atmospheric N deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.036","usgsCitation":"Siemion, J., Burns, D.A., Murdoch, P.S., and Germain, R.H., 2011, The relation of harvesting intensity to changes in soil, soil water, and stream chemistry in a northern hardwood forest, Catskill Mountains, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 261, no. 9, p. 1510-1519, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1510","endPage":"1519","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112472,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.036","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","volume":"261","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf0de4b08c986b3244fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siemion, Jason jsiemion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Germain, Rene H.","contributorId":67211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germain","given":"Rene","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003882,"text":"70003882 - 2011 - The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: Answering recent challenges to the paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"70003882","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: Answering recent challenges to the paradigm","docAbstract":"For more than a century, coastal wetlands have been recognized for their ability to stabilize shorelines and protect coastal communities. However, this paradigm has recently been called into question by small-scale experimental evidence. Here, we conduct a literature review and a small meta-analysis of wave attenuation data, and we find overwhelming evidence in support of established theory. Our review suggests that mangrove and salt marsh vegetation afford context-dependent protection from erosion, storm surge, and potentially small tsunami waves. In biophysical models, field tests, and natural experiments, the presence of wetlands reduces wave heights, property damage, and human deaths. Meta-analysis of wave attenuation by vegetated and unvegetated wetland sites highlights the critical role of vegetation in attenuating waves. Although we find coastal wetland vegetation to be an effective shoreline buffer, wetlands cannot protect shorelines in all locations or scenarios; indeed large-scale regional erosion, river meandering, and large tsunami waves and storm surges can overwhelm the attenuation effect of vegetation. However, due to a nonlinear relationship between wave attenuation and wetland size, even small wetlands afford substantial protection from waves. Combining man-made structures with wetlands in ways that mimic nature is likely to increase coastal protection. Oyster domes, for example, can be used in combination with natural wetlands to protect shorelines and restore critical fishery habitat. Finally, coastal wetland vegetation modifies shorelines in ways (e.g. peat accretion) that increase shoreline integrity over long timescales and thus provides a lasting coastal adaptation measure that can protect shorelines against accelerated sea level rise and more frequent storm inundation. We conclude that the shoreline protection paradigm still stands, but that gaps remain in our knowledge about the mechanistic and context-dependent aspects of shoreline protection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10584-010-0003-7","usgsCitation":"Gedan, K.B., Kirwan, M., Wolanski, E., Barbier, E.B., and Silliman, B.R., 2011, The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: Answering recent challenges to the paradigm: Climatic Change, v. 106, no. 1, p. 7-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-0003-7.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21747,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-0003-7","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":112471,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www-public.jcu.edu.au/public/groups/everyone/documents/journal_article/jcuprd1_069922.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baecde4b08c986b324352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gedan, Keryn B.","contributorId":78201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gedan","given":"Keryn","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolanski, Eric","contributorId":82186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolanski","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barbier, Edward B.","contributorId":32041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbier","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Silliman, Brian R.","contributorId":53659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silliman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70007120,"text":"70007120 - 2011 - Nest survival of American Coots relative to grazing, burning, and water depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T13:42:01","indexId":"70007120","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T09:58:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":947,"text":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival of American Coots relative to grazing, burning, and water depths","docAbstract":"Water and emergent vegetation are key features influencing nest site selection and success for many marsh-nesting waterbirds. Wetland management practices such as grazing, burning, and water-level manipulations directly affect these features and can influence nest survival. We used model selection and before-after-control-impact approaches to evaluate the effects of water depth and four common land-management practices or treatments, i.e., summer grazing, fall grazing, fall burning, and idle (no active treatment) on nest survival of American coots (Fulica americana) nesting at Grays Lake, a large montane wetland in southeast Idaho. The best model included the variables year × treatment, and quadratic functions of date, water depth, and nest age; height of vegetation at the nest did not improve the best model. However, results from the before-after-control-impact analysis indicate that management practices affected nest success via vegetation and involved interactions of hydrology, residual vegetation, and habitat composition. Nest success in idled fields changed little between pre- and post-treatment periods, whereas nest success declined in fields that were grazed or burned, with the most dramatic declines the year following treatments. The importance of water depth may be amplified in this wetland system because of rapid water-level withdrawal during the nesting season. Water and land-use values for area ranchers, management for nesting waterbirds, and long-term wetland function are important considerations in management of water levels and vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","doi":"10.5751/ACE-00472-060201","usgsCitation":"Austin, J., and Buhl, D., 2011, Nest survival of American Coots relative to grazing, burning, and water depths: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00472-060201.","productDescription":"Article 1; 14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-00472-060201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.49818420410156,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -111.49818420410156,\n 43.14258116631987\n ],\n [\n -111.37733459472656,\n 43.14258116631987\n ],\n [\n -111.37733459472656,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -111.49818420410156,\n 42.98857645832184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64a3e4b0c8380cd72a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Jane E.","contributorId":43094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Deborah A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":26250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Deborah A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003880,"text":"70003880 - 2011 - Interface between black-footed ferret research and operational conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70003880","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interface between black-footed ferret research and operational conservation","docAbstract":"Questions and problems that emerged during operational conservation of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) have been addressed by a wide variety of studies. Early results from such studies often were communicated orally during meetings of recovery groups and in written form using memoranda, unpublished reports, and theses. Typically, implementation of results preceded their publication in widely distributed journals. Many of these studies eventually were published in journals, and we briefly summarize the contents of 8 volumes and special features of journals that have been dedicated to the biology of ferrets and issues in ferret recovery. This year marks the 30th anniversary of rediscovery of the black-footed ferret, and the 7 papers of the following Special Feature summarize data collected over nearly that span of time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1644/11-MAMM-S-086.1","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Livieri, T., and Breck, S.W., 2011, Interface between black-footed ferret research and operational conservation: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 4, p. 699-704, https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-086.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"704","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112467,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-086.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cf7e4b0c8380cd631bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":16265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breck, Stewart W.","contributorId":56927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breck","given":"Stewart","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005854,"text":"70005854 - 2011 - The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T19:30:03.836197","indexId":"70005854","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T09:33:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8111,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze","docAbstract":"In this paper we examine the variations of the boreal summer season sea breeze circulation along the Florida panhandle coast from relatively high resolution (10 km) regional climate model integrations. The 23 year climatology (1979–2001) of the multidecadal dynamically downscaled simulations forced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Department of Energy (NCEP‐DOE) Reanalysis II at the lateral boundaries verify quite well with the observed climatology. The variations at diurnal and interannual time scales are also well simulated with respect to the observations. We show from composite analyses made from these downscaled simulations that sea breezes in northwestern Florida are associated with changes in the size of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) on interannual time scales. In large AWP years when the North Atlantic Subtropical High becomes weaker and moves further eastward relative to the small AWP years, a large part of the southeast U.S. including Florida comes under the influence of relatively strong anomalous low‐level northerly flow and large‐scale subsidence consistent with the theory of the Sverdrup balance. This tends to suppress the diurnal convection over the Florida panhandle coast in large AWP years. This study is also an illustration of the benefit of dynamic downscaling in understanding the low‐frequency variations of the sea breeze.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JD015367","usgsCitation":"Misra, V., Moeller, L., Stefanova, L., Chan, S., O’Brien, J.J., Smith, T.J., and Plant, N., 2011, The influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Florida panhandle sea breeze: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, v. 116, no. 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Steven","contributorId":16971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Brien, James J.","contributorId":100997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel 0000-0002-5703-5672","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":81234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70098950,"text":"70098950 - 2011 - Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural crops: Knowledge gain and knowledge gap after 40 years of research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T16:20:43.854976","indexId":"70098950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-05T13:40:08","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"28","title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural crops: Knowledge gain and knowledge gap after 40 years of research","docAbstract":"The focus of this chapter was to summarize the advances made over last 40+ years, as reported in various chapters of this book, in understanding, modeling, and mapping terrestrial vegetation using hyperspectral remote sensing (or imaging spectroscopy) using sensors that are ground-based, truck-mounted, airborne, and spaceborne. As we have seen in various chapters of this book and synthesized in this chapter, the advances made include: (a) significantly improved characterization and modeling of a wide array of biophysical and biochemical properties of vegetation, (b) ability to discriminate plant species and vegetation types with high degree of accuracies (c) reducing uncertainties in determining net primary productivity or carbon assessments from terrestrial vegetation, (d) improved crop productivity and water productivity models, (b), (e) ability to access stress resulting from causes such as management practices, pests and disease, water deficit or excess; , and (f) establishing more sensitive wavebands and indices to detect plant water\\moisture content. The advent of spaceborne hyperspectral sensors (e.g., NASA’s Hyperion, ESA’s PROBA, and upcoming NASA’s HyspIRI) and numerous methods and techniques espoused in this book to overcome Hughes phenomenon or data redundancy when handling large volumes of hyperspectral data have generated tremendous interest in advancing our hyperspectral applications knowledge base over larger spatial extent such as region, nation, continent, and globe.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P.S., Lyon, J., and Huete, A., 2011, Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural crops: Knowledge gain and knowledge gap after 40 years of research, chap. 28 of Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation, p. 663-688.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"688","ipdsId":"IP-026613","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd61d7e4b0b290850fdc57","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509822,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742734,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70098951,"text":"70098951 - 2011 - Advances in hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural croplands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-29T16:29:37.829469","indexId":"70098951","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-05T13:32:59","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"chapter":"1","title":"Advances in hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural croplands","docAbstract":"Recent advances in hyperspectral remote sensing (or imaging spectroscopy) demonstrate a great utility for a variety of land monitoring applications. It is now possible to be diagnostic in sensing species and plant communities using remotely sensed data and to do so in a direct and informed manner using modern tools and analyses. Hyperspectral data analyses are superior to traditional broadband analyses in spectral information. Many investigations explore and document remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural croplands. Some examples include (a) detecting plant stress [1], (b) measuring chlorophyll content of plants [2], (c) identifying small differences in percent of green vegetation cover [3], (d) extracting biochemical variables such as nitrogen and lignin [2,4–6], (e) discriminating land-cover types [7], (f) detecting crop moisture variations [8], (g) sensing subtle variations in leaf pigment concentrations [2,9,10], (h) modeling biophysical and yield characteristics of agricultural crops [6,11,12], (i) improving the detection of changes in sparse vegetation [13], and (j) assessing absolute water content in plant leaves [14]. This is a fairly detailed list but not exhaustive, meant to provide the reader with a measure of the current, proven experimental capabilities, and operational applications, and stimulate investigations of new, ambitious applications.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P.S., Lyon, J., and Huete, A., 2011, Advances in hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation and agricultural croplands, 34 p.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-024825","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4b39e4b0b290850f03de","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007084,"text":"ofr20111289 - 2011 - Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and geophysical data, Upper Loup River Basin, Nebraska, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20111289","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1289","title":"Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and geophysical data, Upper Loup River Basin, Nebraska, 2008-10","docAbstract":"Nebraska's Upper Loup Natural Resources District is currently (2011) participating in the Elkhorn-Loup Model to understand the effect of various groundwater-management scenarios on surface-water resources. During Phase 1 of the Elkhorn-Loup Model, a lack of subsurface geological information in the Upper Loup Natural Resources District, hereafter referred to as the upper Loup study area, was identified as a gap in current knowledge that needed to be addressed. To improve the understanding of the hydrogeology of the upper Loup study area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Loup Natural Resources District and the University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division, collected and described the lithology of drill cuttings from nine test holes, and concurrently collected borehole geophysical data to identify the base of the High Plains aquifer. Surface geophysical data also were collected using time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) methods at test-hole locations and between test holes, as a quick, non-invasive means of identifying the base of the High Plains aquifer.\nTest-hole drilling has indicated greater variation in the base-of-aquifer elevation in the western part of the upper Loup study area than in the eastern part reflecting a number of deep paleovalleys incised into the Brule Formation of the White River Group. TDEM measurements within the upper Loup study area were shown to be effective as virtual boreholes in mapping out the base of the aquifer. TDEM estimates of the base of aquifer were in good accordance with existing test-hole data and were able to improve the interpreted elevation and topology of the base of the aquifer. In 2010, AMT data were collected along a profile, approximately 12 miles (19 kilometers) in length, along Whitman Road, in Grant and Cherry Counties. The AMT results along Whitman Road indicated substantial variability in the elevation of the base of the High Plains aquifer and in the distribution of highly permeable zones within the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111289","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Upper Loup Natural Resources District and the University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., Asch, T., and Bedrosian, P.A., 2011, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and geophysical data, Upper Loup River Basin, Nebraska, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1289, viii, 37 p.; Tables; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111289.","productDescription":"viii, 37 p.; Tables; Figures","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1289.jpg"},{"id":112429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","state":"Nebraska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a378ce4b0c8380cd60f78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asch, Theodore H.","contributorId":83617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"Theodore H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70007078,"text":"sir20115123 - 2011 - Trends in lake chemistry in response to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming, 1993-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"sir20115123","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5123","title":"Trends in lake chemistry in response to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming, 1993-2009","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Air Resource Management, began a study to evaluate long-term trends in lake-water chemistry for 64 high-elevation lakes in selected Class I wilderness areas in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming during 1993 to 2009. The purpose of this report is to describe trends in the chemical composition of these high-elevation lakes. Trends in emissions, atmospheric deposition, and climate variables (air temperature and precipitation amount) are evaluated over a similar period of record to determine likely drivers of changing lake chemistry. Sulfate concentrations in precipitation decreased over the past two decades at high-elevation monitoring stations in the Rocky Mountain region. The trend in deposition chemistry is consistent with regional declines in sulfur dioxide emissions resulting from installation of emission controls at large stationary sources. Trends in nitrogen deposition were not as widespread as those for sulfate. About one-half of monitoring stations showed increases in ammonium concentrations, but few showed significant changes in nitrate concentrations. Trends in nitrogen deposition appear to be inconsistent with available emission inventories, which indicate modest declines in nitrogen emissions in the Rocky Mountain region since the mid-1990s. This discrepancy may reflect uncertainties in emission inventories or changes in atmospheric transformations of nitrogen species that may be affecting deposition processes. Analysis of long-term climate records indicates that average annual mean air temperature minimums have increased from 0.57 to 0.75 °C per decade in mountain areas of the region with warming trends being more pronounced in Colorado. Trends in annual precipitation were not evident over the period 1990 to 2006, although wetter than average years during 1995 to 1997 and drier years during 2001 to 2004 caused a notable decline in precipitation in the middle part of the record.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Air Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Ingersoll, G.P., 2011, Trends in lake chemistry in response to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming, 1993-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5123, viii, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115123.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5123.png"},{"id":112428,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"dataUniversal Transverse Mercator project, zone 13","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Idaho;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,35 ], [ -117,46 ], [ -104,46 ], [ -104,35 ], [ -117,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7ebe4b08c986b32757b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007076,"text":"sir20115164 - 2011 - Pathogenic bacteria and microbial-source tracking markers in Brandywine Creek Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 2009-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-19T09:18:06","indexId":"sir20115164","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5164","title":"Pathogenic bacteria and microbial-source tracking markers in Brandywine Creek Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 2009-10","docAbstract":"The City of Wilmington, Delaware, is in the downstream part of the Brandywine Creek Basin, on the main stem of Brandywine Creek. Wilmington uses this stream, which drains a mixed-land-use area upstream, for its main drinking-water supply. Because the stream is used for drinking water, Wilmington is in need of information about the occurrence and distribution of specific fecally derived pathogenic bacteria (disease-causing bacteria) and their relations to commonly measured fecal-indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as information regarding the potential sources of the fecal pollution and pathogens in the basin. This study focused on five routinely sampled sites within the basin, one each on the West Branch and the East Branch of Brandywine Creek and at three on the main stem below the confluence of the West and East Branches. These sites were sampled monthly for 1 year. Targeted event samples were collected on two occasions during high flow and two occasions during normal flow. On the basis of this study, high flows in the Brandywine Creek Basin were related to increases in FIB densities, and in the frequency of selected pathogen and source markers, in the West Branch and main stem of Brandywine Creek, but not in the East Branch. Water exceeding the moderate fullbody-contact single-sample recreational water-quality criteria (RWQC) for Escherichia coli (E. coli) was more likely to contain selected markers for pathogenic E. coli (eaeA,stx1, and rfbO157 gene markers) and bovine fecal sources (E. hirae and LTIIa gene markers), whereas samples exceeding the enterococci RWQC were more likely to contain the same pathogenic markers but also were more likely to carry a marker indicative of human source (esp gene marker). On four sample dates, during high flow between October and March, the West Branch was the only observed potential contributor of selected pathogen and bovine source markers to the main stem of Brandywine Creek. Indeed, the stx2 marker, which indicates a highly virulent type of pathogenic E. coli, was found only in the West Branch and main stem at high flow but was not found in the East Branch under similar conditions. However, it must be noted that throughout the entire year of sampling there were occasions, during both high and normal flows, when both the East and West Branches were potential contributors of pathogen and microbial-source tracking markers to the main stem. Therefore, this study indicates that under selected conditions (high flow, October through March), West Branch Brandywine Creek Basin was the most likely source of elevated FIB densities in the main stem. These elevated densities are associated with more frequent detection of selected pathogenic E. coli markers (rfbO157 stx1) and are associated with MST markers of bovine source. However, during other times of the year, both the West Branch and East Branch Basins are acting as potential sources of FIB and fecally derived pathogens.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115164","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wilmington, Delaware","usgsCitation":"Duris, J.W., Reif, A.G., Olson, L.E., and Johnson, H., 2011, Pathogenic bacteria and microbial-source tracking markers in Brandywine Creek Basin, Pennsylvania and Delaware, 2009-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5164, vi, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115164.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5164.jpg"},{"id":112426,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania, Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Brandywine Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.5,40.166666666666664 ], [ -75.5,39.666666666666664 ], [ -76,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7597e4b0c8380cd77c26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reif, Andrew G. 0000-0002-5054-5207 agreif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-5207","contributorId":2632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reif","given":"Andrew","email":"agreif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, Leif E. leolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Leif","email":"leolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":355784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E.","contributorId":207837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007077,"text":"fs20113084 - 2011 - Response of lake chemistry to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in the western United States, 1993-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"fs20113084","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3084","title":"Response of lake chemistry to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in the western United States, 1993-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Air Resource Management, conducted a study to evaluate long-term trends in lake-water chemistry for 64 high-elevation lakes in selected Class I wilderness areas in Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming during 1993 to 2009. Understanding how and why lake chemistry is changing in mountain areas is essential for effectively managing and protecting high-elevation aquatic ecosystems. Trends in emissions, atmospheric deposition, and climate variables (air temperature and precipitation amount) were evaluated over a similar period of record. A main objective of the study was to determine if changes in atmospheric deposition of contaminants in the Rocky Mountain region have resulted in measurable changes in the chemistry of high-elevation lakes. A second objective was to investigate linkages between lake chemistry and air temperature and precipitation to improve understanding of the sensitivity of mountain lakes to climate variability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113084","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., 2011, Response of lake chemistry to atmospheric deposition and climate in selected Class I wilderness areas in the western United States, 1993-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3084, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113084.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3084.gif"},{"id":112427,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator project, zone 13","country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Idaho;Utah;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,35 ], [ -117,46 ], [ -104,46 ], [ -104,35 ], [ -117,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa50e4b0c8380cd8627a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70007075,"text":"sir20115213 - 2011 - Trends in sea otter population abundance in western Prince William Sound, Alaska: Progress toward recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:10:12","indexId":"sir20115213","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5213","title":"Trends in sea otter population abundance in western Prince William Sound, Alaska: Progress toward recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"Sea otters in western Prince William Sound (WPWS) and elsewhere in the Gulf of Alaska suffered widespread mortality as a result of oiling following the 1989 T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill. Following the spill, extensive efforts have been directed toward identifying and understanding long-term consequences of the spill and the process of recovery. We conducted annual aerial surveys of sea otter abundance from 1993 to 2009 (except for 2001 and 2006) in WPWS. We observed an increasing trend in population abundance at the scale of WPWS through 2000 at an average annual rate of 4 percent: however, at northern Knight Island where oiling was heaviest and sea otter mortality highest, no increase in abundance was evident by 2000. We continued to see significant increase in abundance at the scale of WPWS between 2001 and 2009, with an average annual rate of increase from 1993 to 2009 of 2.6 percent. We estimated the 2009 population size of WPWS to be 3,958 animals (standard error=653), nearly 2,000 animals more than the first post-spill estimate in 1993. Surveys since 2003 also have identified a significant increasing trend at the heavily oiled site in northern Knight Island, averaging about 25 percent annually and resulting in a 2009 estimated population size of 116 animals (standard error=19). Although the 2009 estimate for northern Knight Island remains about 30 percent less than the pre-spill estimate of 165 animals, we interpret this trend as strong evidence of a trajectory toward recovery of spill-affected sea otter populations in WPWS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115213","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., and Esslinger, G.G., 2011, Trends in sea otter population abundance in western Prince William Sound, Alaska: Progress toward recovery following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5213, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115213.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"18","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-018393","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5213.png"},{"id":112425,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb800e4b08c986b3275f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}